EP3211135B1 - Sac en papier très extensible - Google Patents

Sac en papier très extensible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3211135B1
EP3211135B1 EP16157913.1A EP16157913A EP3211135B1 EP 3211135 B1 EP3211135 B1 EP 3211135B1 EP 16157913 A EP16157913 A EP 16157913A EP 3211135 B1 EP3211135 B1 EP 3211135B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
paper
sack
iso
clupak unit
stretchability
Prior art date
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EP16157913.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3211135A1 (fr
Inventor
Nils Nordling
Magnus Olovsson
Robert Zakrisson
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Billerudkorsnas AB
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Billerudkorsnas AB
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Application filed by Billerudkorsnas AB filed Critical Billerudkorsnas AB
Priority to EP16157913.1A priority Critical patent/EP3211135B1/fr
Priority to EP17706833.5A priority patent/EP3423631B1/fr
Priority to CA3015024A priority patent/CA3015024C/fr
Priority to RU2018130364A priority patent/RU2726529C1/ru
Priority to PCT/EP2017/054605 priority patent/WO2017148921A1/fr
Priority to ES17706833T priority patent/ES2932151T3/es
Priority to CN201780013683.6A priority patent/CN108884640B/zh
Publication of EP3211135A1 publication Critical patent/EP3211135A1/fr
Publication of EP3211135B1 publication Critical patent/EP3211135B1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
    • D21H27/10—Packing paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F9/00—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of highly stretchable sack paper.
  • the paper sacks need to hold a considerable material weight, i.e. have high strength.
  • Kraft paper is a suitable sack wall material.
  • the sacks typically have two or more walls, i.e. layers of paper material, to further strengthen the sack construction.
  • a wall layer of a sack is often referred to as a ply. Production of ply material (i.e. sack paper) is for example disclosed in WO 99/02772 .
  • the paper sack should vent air during filling.
  • the air that accompanies the powdered material shall efficiently vent from the sack as the filling machines that delivers the material run at high throughput rates.
  • the venting capability of the sack is the actual limiting factor for the filling rate.
  • Efficient venting also prevents air from being trapped in the sack. Such trapped air may otherwise cause under-weight packs, sack rupture and problems when sacks are stacked for transportation.
  • the "venting” is also referred to as "deaeration”.
  • the table of Fig 3 belong to the Examples section below and presents the speed of the paper web at various positions on the paper machine from the pressing section to the pope reel winding the paper into a paper roll.
  • a sack paper normally has a grammage (according to ISO 536) of 50-140 g/m 2 .
  • the stretchability of the sack paper of the first aspect is exceptionally high.
  • the grammage of the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably 70-140 g/m 2 , such as 80-140 g/m 2 , such as 90-140 g/m 2 .
  • Grammages above 130 g/m 2 are rather unusual.
  • the grammage of the sack paper of the first aspect may be 70-130 g/m 2 , such as 80-130 g/m 2 , such as 90-130 g/m 2 .
  • Gurley is a measurement of the time (s) taken for 100 ml of air to pass through a specified area of a paper sheet. Short time means highly porous paper. As discussed above, highly porous paper enables high filling rates.
  • the sack paper of the present disclosure has a Gurley value (ISO 5636-5) of 15 s or lower. Preferably, it is 13 s or lower, such as 12 s or lower. A sack paper having a Gurley value below 3 s often has an insufficient strength. Typical Gurley value ranges for the present disclosure are thus 3-15 s, preferably 3-13 s, such as 3-12 s.
  • the present inventors have realized that there is a need for improved stretchability in the machine direction.
  • the inventors' efforts have resulted in the sack paper of the first aspect, which is characterized by a stretchability (according to ISO 1924-3) in the MD of above 10 %, preferably above 11 %, more preferably above 12 %. How to obtain such a stretchable paper is described in connection with the second aspect and in EXAMPLES section below.
  • the stretchability (according to ISO 1924-3) in the CD of the sack paper of the first aspect is typically above 6 %, preferably above 7 %, more preferably above 8 % or 9 %.
  • a typical (practical) upper limit for the stretchability in the CD is 11 %.
  • the treatment substantially increasing the MD stretchability also results in a slight increase in CD stretchability.
  • Tensile energy absorption is often considered to be the paper property that best represents the relevant strength of the paper sack wall. This is supported by the correlation between TEA and drop tests. When a sack is dropped, the filling goods move inside the sack when it hits the floor. This movement strains the sack wall. To withstand the strain, the TEA should be high; a combination of high tensile strength and good stretch in the paper absorbs the energy.
  • the tensile strength is the maximum force that a paper will withstand before breaking.
  • ISO 1924-3 a stripe having a width of 15 mm and a length of 100 mm is used with a constant rate of elongation.
  • the tensile strength is one parameter in the measurement of the TEA and the other parameter is stretchability.
  • the tensile strength, the stretchability and the TEA value are obtained in the same test.
  • the TEA index is the TEA value divided by the grammage. In the same manner, the tensile index is obtained by dividing the tensile strength by the grammage.
  • the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably a Kraft paper, which means that is formed from a pulp prepared according to the Kraft process.
  • the starting material used for preparing the pulp that is used for forming the sack paper preferably comprises softwood (which has long fibers and forms a strong paper).
  • the sack paper is preferably formed from a paper pulp comprising at least 50 % softwood pulp, preferably at least 75 % softwood pulp and more preferably at least 90 % softwood pulp. The percentages are based of the dry weight of the pulp.
  • the sack paper may comprise at least one dry strength agent to improve the tensile strength.
  • the at least one dry strength agent preferably comprises starch, preferably cationic starch.
  • the sack paper may comprise anionic and/or amphoteric starch.
  • the added amount of starch may be 2-15 kg/ton paper, such as 3-14 kg/ton paper.
  • the tensile index of the sack paper of the first aspect is preferably at least 50 kNm/kg, such as at least 55 kNm/kg, in the MD and at least 40 kNm/kg, such as at least 45 kNm/kg, in the MD.
  • the exceptional stretchability of the sack paper of the first aspect results in high TEA values.
  • the TEA according to ISO 1924-3 in the MD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 300 J/m 2 , such as at least 330 J/m 2 , such as at least 350 J/m 2 .
  • the TEA index according to ISO 1924-3 in the MD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 3.4 J/g, such as at least 3.5 J/g.
  • the TEA index according to ISO 1924-3 in the CD of the sack paper of the first aspect may for example be at least 2.4 J/g, such as at least 2.6 J/g.
  • the sack paper of the first aspect may be bleached, which means that its brightness may be least 78 % or at least 80 % according to ISO 2470-1.
  • the brightness of a bleached sack paper according o the first aspect is at least 83 %.
  • the sack paper of the first aspect preferably provides a satisfactory printing surface. Satisfactory printing properties are for example reflected by a relatively low surface roughness. It might have been expected that the heavy creping/compacting in the Clupak unit described below would drastically increase the surface roughness, but the present inventors have demonstrated that this is not the case. In fact, the surface roughness of the wire side (particularly suitable for printing) was increased by only 7 % (from 895 ml/min to 957 ml/min) when the stretchability in the MD was more than doubled (see table 1 of the EXAMPLES section).
  • the Bendtsen roughness according to ISO 8791-2 of at least one side of the sack paper of the first aspect may thus be below 1200 ml/min, preferably below 1100 ml/min, such as below 1000 ml/min.
  • the sack paper of the first aspect may be treated to form a barrier, for example on a surface of the paper.
  • the barrier is preferably a moisture barrier and/or a water barrier.
  • the barrier may also be a grease barrier.
  • a barrier chemical or barrier composition is applied, e.g. by blade coating, curtain coating or spraying. It is also possible to add a barrier-forming agent to the pulp.
  • a method of producing a sack paper comprises drying a paper web in a drying section comprising a Clupak unit and a dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit.
  • a dryer group refers to a drying arrangement comprising at least one dryer screen and at least one drying cylinder against which the dryer screen(s) holds the paper web passing through the drying group.
  • the components of a drying group are coupled or such that the paper web moves with substantially constant speed through the dryer group.
  • a plurality of dryer groups are arranged in series upstream the Clupak unit of the second aspect.
  • the second aspect is not limited to any particular design of such dryer groups as long as the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 30-40 %.
  • a plurality of dryer groups are arranged in series downstream the Clupak unit.
  • the drying section is typically arranged downstream a pressing section.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a pressing section 100 comprising two press nips 101 and 102. Further, figure 1 illustrates a drying section part 103 comprising a first dryer group 104 arranged directly upstream a Clupak unit 105 and a second dryer group 106 arranged directly downstream the Clupak unit 105.
  • the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 30-40 % according to the method of the second aspect.
  • the inventors have found that such relatively high moisture levels facilitate the increase in stretchability.
  • the moisture content of the paper web entering the Clupak unit is 32-40 %.
  • the inventors have found that the increase in stretchability is facilitated by a relatively high nip bar line load, i.e. at least 20 kN/m, in the Clupak unit.
  • the nip bar line load is at least 21 kN/m or at least 22 kN/m. A typical upper limit may be 30 kN/m.
  • the nip bar line load is controlled by the adjustable hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the nip bar.
  • the nip bar is sometimes referred to as the "nip roll".
  • the present inventors have shown that the stretchability in the machine direction to a large extent depends on the relative speed over the Clupak unit.
  • the speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak unit should be 8-14 % lower than the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit.
  • the speed of the paper web in the dryer group arranged downstream the Clupak is 9-14 % lower, such as 9-13 % lower, than the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit.
  • the rubber belt tension in the Clupak unit is at least 5 kN/m (such as 5-9 kN/m), preferably at least 6 kN/m (such as 6-9 kN/m), such as about 7 kN/m.
  • the rubber belt tension is controlled by the adjustable hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the tension roll stretching the rubber belt.
  • the Clupak unit typically comprises a steel cylinder.
  • the release liquid may be water or water-based.
  • the water-based release liquid may comprise a friction-reducing agent, such as polyethylene glycol or a silicone-based agent.
  • the release liquid is water comprising at least 0.5 %, preferably at least 1 %, such as 1-4 %, polyethylene glycol.
  • Fig 2 illustrates a Clupak unit 205, comprising an endless rubber belt 207 (sometimes referred to as a "rubber blanket") contacted by two blanket rolls 208, 209, a guide roll 210, a tension roll 211 and a nip bar 212.
  • a first hydraulic arrangement 213 exerts pressure on the tension roll 211 to stretch the rubber belt 207.
  • a second hydraulic arrangement 214 exerts pressure on the nip bar 212 to press the rubber belt 207, which in turns presses the paper web 217 against a steel cylinder 215.
  • a release liquid spray nozzle 216 is arranged to apply a release liquid to the steel cylinder 215.
  • a sack comprising a ply composed of the sack paper of the first aspect.
  • the sack of the third aspect may comprise a hydraulic binder, such as a hydraulic binder for the production of a cement slurry, a mortar, a concrete, a plaster paste or a slurry of hydraulic lime.
  • a hydraulic binder such as a hydraulic binder for the production of a cement slurry, a mortar, a concrete, a plaster paste or a slurry of hydraulic lime.
  • the sack of the third aspect may comprise a chemical product, a mineral or mineral mixture, a garden fertilizer, a foodstuff, animal feed or pet food.
  • the sack of the third aspect may for example be a multiple-ply sack.
  • at least two, such as all, plies of such a multiple ply sack may be composed of a sack paper of the first aspect.
  • the sack is a one-ply sack, wherein the only ply is composed of a sack paper of the first aspect having a grammage of 90-140 g/m 2 , such as 95-130 g/m 2 .
  • a one-ply sack could replace prior art sacks having two plies of 70-80 g/m 2 sack paper and thus lower costs.
  • the sack is a two-ply sack, wherein the plies are composed of a sack paper according to any one of the preceding claims having a grammage of 70-110 g/m 2 , such as 80-110 g/m 2 , such as 80-100 g/m 2 .
  • Such a two-ply sack would be stronger (e.g. have a higher TEA value) than corresponding prior art sacks.
  • the dimensions of the sack of the third aspect may for example be such that it has a volume of 8-45 liters, preferably 12-45 liters in a filled configuration.
  • the amount of the hydraulic binder may for example be 17-60 kg. 25 kg sacks, 35 kg sacks and 50 kg sacks are demanded on the market and may thus be prepared according to the present disclosure.
  • the dimensions of a filled 25 kg sack may for example be 400x450x110 mm.
  • a "25 kg sack” typically can be filled with about 17.4 liters of material, while a “50 kg sack” is typically can be filled with about 35 liters of material.
  • a bleached softwood Kraft pulp was provided.
  • the pulp was subjected to high consistency (HC) refining (180 kWh per ton paper) at a consistency of about 35 % and low consistency (LC) refining (20 kWh per ton paper) at a consistency of about 4 %.
  • Cationic starch (7 kg per ton paper), anionic starch (3 kg per ton paper), rosin size (2.2 kg per ton paper) and alum (3.5 kg per ton paper) were added to the pulp.
  • the pH of the pulp/furnish was about 6.0 and the consistency of the pulp/furnish was about 0.2 %.
  • a paper web was formed on a wire section. The dry content of the paper web leaving the wire section was about 20 %.
  • the paper web was dewatered in a press section having two nips to obtain a dry content of about 40 %.
  • the dewatered paper web was then dried in a subsequent drying section having 9 dryer groups and one Clupak unit arranged in series.
  • the Clupak unit was arranged between dryer group six and dryer group seven.
  • the hydraulic cylinder pressure exerted on the nip bar was set to 20 bar, resulting in a line load of 22 kN/m.
  • the hydraulic cylinder pressure stretching the rubber belt was set to 31 bar, resulting in a belt tension of 7 kN/m.
  • a release liquid 1% polyetylene glycol
  • the target MD stretch was 6 %, 8 %, 10 %, 12 % and 14 %, respectively.
  • the speed of the paper web in the press section and the drying section was adapted (see figure 3 ).
  • the speed of the paper web in the dryer group directly downstream the Clupak unit relative the speed of the paper web entering the Clupak unit was changed between the trials.
  • the relative speed was -4.4 %
  • the relative speed was -11.0 %.
  • Table 1 shows a significant increase in MD stretch by lowering the relative speed.
  • Gurley values of Table 1 show that the compacting resulting from the lower relative speeds did not close the pores of the sack paper (only a moderate increase in Gurley values was observed). Further, the compacting only slightly increased the surface roughness of the wire side of the sack paper (that is intended for printing).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Papier pour sac, dans lequel :
    le grammage conformément à ISO 536 est compris entre 50 et 140 g/m2, tel que compris entre 70 et 130 g/m2 ;
    la valeur de Gurley conformément à ISO 5636-5 est de 15 s inférieure, telle que 13 s ou inférieure ; et l'extensibilité conformément à ISO 1924-3 dans la direction de machine est supérieure à 10 %, telle que supérieure à 11 %, telle que supérieure à 12 %.
  2. Papier pour sac selon la revendication 1, qui est un papier Kraft.
  3. Papier pour sac selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, qui est blanchi.
  4. Papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'extensibilité conformément à ISO 1924-3 dans la direction transversale est supérieure à 6 %, telle que supérieure à 7 %, telle que supérieure à 8 %.
  5. Papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'indice de l'énergie de rupture (TEA) conformément à ISO 1924-3 dans la direction de machine est d'au moins 3,4 J/g, telle qu'au moins 3,5 J/g.
  6. Papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'indice de l'énergie de rupture (TEA) conformément à ISO 1924-3 dans la direction transversale est d'au moins 2,4 J/g, telle qu'au moins 2,6 J/g.
  7. Papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'extensibilité conformément à ISO 1924-3 dans la direction transversale est supérieure à 6 %, telle que supérieure à 7 %, telle que supérieure à 8 %.
  8. Papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la rugosité de Bendtsen conformément à ISO 8791-2 d'au moins un côté du papier est inférieure à 1200 ml/min, telle qu'inférieure à 1100 ml/min, telle qu'inférieure à 1000 ml/min.
  9. Sac comprenant un pli composé du papier selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  10. Sac selon la revendication 9, qui est un sac à un pli et dans lequel le pli est composé d'un papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes possédant un grammage compris entre 100 et 140 g/m2, tel que compris entre 105 et 130 g/m2.
  11. Sac selon la revendication 9, qui est un sac à deux plis et dans lequel les plis sont composés d'un papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes possédant un grammage compris entre 80 et 110 g/m2, tel que compris entre 90 et 110 g/m2.
  12. Procédé de production d'un papier pour sac selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, comprenant le séchage d'une bande de papier dans une section de séchage comprenant une unité Clupak et un groupe de séchage agencé en aval de l'unité Clupak, dans lequel :
    - la teneur en humidité de la bande de papier entrant dans l'unité Clupak est comprise entre 30 et 40 % ;
    - la charge de ligne de la barre de prise dans l'unité Clupak est comprise entre 20 et 30 kN/m ; et
    - la vitesse de la bande de papier dans le groupe de séchage agencé en aval de l'unité Clupak est 8 à 14 % inférieur à la vitesse de la bande de papier entrant dans l'unité Clupak.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel la tension de courroie en caoutchouc dans l'unité Clupak est comprise entre 5 et 9 kN/m, telle que comprise entre 6 et 9 kN/m, telle qu'environ 7 kN/m.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12 ou la revendication 13, dans lequel la charge de ligne de la barre de prise dans l'unité Clupak est comprise entre 21 et 28 kN/m, telle qu'environ 22 kN/m.
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 12 à 14, dans lequel de l'eau comprenant au moins 0,5 % de polyéthylène glycol est ajoutée en tant que liquide de libération dans l'unité Clupak.
EP16157913.1A 2016-02-29 2016-02-29 Sac en papier très extensible Active EP3211135B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16157913.1A EP3211135B1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2016-02-29 Sac en papier très extensible
PCT/EP2017/054605 WO2017148921A1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 Papier à sacs très extensible
CA3015024A CA3015024C (fr) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 Papier a sacs tres extensible
RU2018130364A RU2726529C1 (ru) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 Высокорастяжимая мешочная бумага
EP17706833.5A EP3423631B1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 Procédé de production de papier à sacs très extensible
ES17706833T ES2932151T3 (es) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 Método de producción de un saco de papel de alto estiramiento
CN201780013683.6A CN108884640B (zh) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 高伸展性纸袋纸

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16157913.1A EP3211135B1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2016-02-29 Sac en papier très extensible

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3211135A1 EP3211135A1 (fr) 2017-08-30
EP3211135B1 true EP3211135B1 (fr) 2018-08-29

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EP16157913.1A Active EP3211135B1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2016-02-29 Sac en papier très extensible
EP17706833.5A Active EP3423631B1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 Procédé de production de papier à sacs très extensible

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17706833.5A Active EP3423631B1 (fr) 2016-02-29 2017-02-28 Procédé de production de papier à sacs très extensible

Country Status (6)

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EP (2) EP3211135B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN108884640B (fr)
CA (1) CA3015024C (fr)
ES (1) ES2932151T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2726529C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017148921A1 (fr)

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WO2022056567A1 (fr) 2020-09-16 2022-03-24 Mondi Ag Papier d'emballage de palette

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EP3594143B1 (fr) * 2018-07-12 2021-03-31 BillerudKorsnäs AB Coiffe pour bouteille, bouteille comprenant ladite coiffe et procédés
DE102020114602A1 (de) 2020-06-02 2021-12-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren und maschine zur herstellung in querrichtung dehnbaren faserstoffbahn
HRP20231271T1 (hr) * 2020-11-18 2024-02-02 Mm Kotkamills Absorbex Oy Osnovni papir, njegova uporaba i višeslojna struktura
DE102021122688A1 (de) 2021-09-02 2023-03-02 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren und Maschine zur Herstellung einer Faserstoffbahn
CN115056541A (zh) * 2022-07-28 2022-09-16 日照华泰纸业有限公司 伸性纸袋纸生产用伸性装置控制系统

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WO1999002772A1 (fr) 1997-07-09 1999-01-21 Assidomän AB Papier kraft et son procede de fabrication

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STORA ENSO: "Optima HP Evo", TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION TD-CZOO-18-05-15-P, 1 September 2015 (2015-09-01), XP055606348
STORA ENSO: "Optima HP Evo. Unbleached sack kraft paper high porosity", TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION, TYPICAL AND MINIMUM VALUES, 19 April 2018 (2018-04-19), XP055606354
STORA ENSO: "Optimal sack kraft paper", SET OF ARCHIVED WEBSITES

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022056567A1 (fr) 2020-09-16 2022-03-24 Mondi Ag Papier d'emballage de palette

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CN108884640B (zh) 2021-05-25
RU2726529C1 (ru) 2020-07-14
CA3015024A1 (fr) 2017-09-08
CA3015024C (fr) 2023-08-22
EP3423631A1 (fr) 2019-01-09
EP3423631B1 (fr) 2022-08-17
EP3211135A1 (fr) 2017-08-30
ES2932151T3 (es) 2023-01-13
WO2017148921A1 (fr) 2017-09-08
CN108884640A (zh) 2018-11-23

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