EP3209877B1 - Kraftstoffeinspritzer - Google Patents

Kraftstoffeinspritzer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3209877B1
EP3209877B1 EP15784621.3A EP15784621A EP3209877B1 EP 3209877 B1 EP3209877 B1 EP 3209877B1 EP 15784621 A EP15784621 A EP 15784621A EP 3209877 B1 EP3209877 B1 EP 3209877B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
needle
channel
control chamber
injector
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15784621.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3209877A1 (de
Inventor
Ludovic Sauvetre
Richard Denis Jacques Alain Enters
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Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
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Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
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Publication of EP3209877A1 publication Critical patent/EP3209877A1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F02M61/042—The valves being provided with fuel passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0015—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means electrical, e.g. using solenoid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0014—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means
    • F02M63/0028—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means hydraulic
    • F02M63/0029—Valves characterised by the valve actuating means hydraulic using a pilot valve controlling a hydraulic chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0043—Two-way valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/007—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of the groups F02M63/0014 - F02M63/0059
    • F02M63/0073—Pressure balanced valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/16—Sealing of fuel injection apparatus not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28—Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injector provided with a means for reducing dynamic leaks.
  • a fuel injector conventionally comprises a needle controlled in opening and closing as a function of the pressure differential between a control chamber and the injection nozzle.
  • the pressure is a function of the position of a two-way control solenoid valve, or all-or-nothing valve, switching between an open position and a closed position.
  • a two-way control solenoid valve or all-or-nothing valve, switching between an open position and a closed position.
  • Another fuel injector is known from FR2748529A1 and WO2010088781 A1 .
  • the present invention proposes to at least partially solve these problems by providing a fuel injector according to claim 1.
  • the piston comprises an enlarged base surmounted by a cylindrical body of smaller diameter.
  • the lower face of said base is arranged facing the needle and the junction face between the base and the body forms a sealing face cooperating with a seat provided in the injector body.
  • the sealing face and the seat are in sealed contact preventing the entry of high pressure fuel into the control chamber and, in the open position of the piston, the sealing face and the seat move away allowing passage high pressure fuel between them.
  • the piston is furthermore provided with a through channel placing the flow chamber permanently in fluid communication.
  • control and the second control chamber can be an axial channel.
  • said through channel can be provided with a section restriction generating a pressure drop so that the pressure in the control chamber is greater than the pressure in the second control chamber.
  • the piston may be provided with a calibrated channel extending radially between the outer cylindrical face of the cylindrical body and said opening channel so as to establish hydraulic communication between the high pressure supply and the second control chamber.
  • the barrier is a circular and closed lip, the first channel opening into the central part and the second channel opening into the outer part.
  • the injector is provided with a device making it possible to generate on the needle a closing force directed towards the tip of the needle, greater than the opening force directed towards the head of the needle. 'needle so that the pressure of the fuel injected when the needle is in the open position is equal to the inlet pressure of the fuel in the injector.
  • Said device consists of a piston whose cross section is greater than the cross section of the needle so that the pressurized fuel entering the second control chamber exerts an increased force on said piston.
  • the piston is dimensioned so as to come into contact with the needle head as soon as the piston begins to move towards the open position.
  • the increased force exerted by the high pressure fuel in the second control chamber is then fully transmitted to the needle so that the needle undergoes a closing force of greater intensity than the opening force exerted by the fuel in the needle. needle point level.
  • the figure 1 is an axial section of a fuel injector 10 which extends along a longitudinal axis A1 from an injector head 12, drawn at the top of the figure, to an injection nozzle 14, drawn at the bottom of the figure. figure.
  • the injector 10 comprises the head 12 in which are arranged a high pressure inlet mouth 16 and, partially visible only, a low pressure outlet mouth 18.
  • the injector head 12 is secured to an actuator body 20, itself secured by an injector nut 22 to a control valve 24, a top guide 26 and to the body 28 of the injection nozzle 14 .
  • the actuator body 20 is generally cylindrical of revolution with a longitudinal axis A1 and extends from the head 12 to a lower face 30. It is also provided, on its outer cylindrical face in the vicinity of said lower face 30. , a male thread 32 provided for the complementary engagement by screwing the female thread 34 of the injector nut 22 and, it is also provided with a cylindrical internal bore 36 extending along a second axis A2, parallel to the longitudinal axis A1 but slightly offset from the latter.
  • the bore 36 opens into the lower face 30 and, in the bore 36 is fixedly arranged the coil 38 of an electromagnet 40 which in the lower part is flush with the lower face 30 of the actuator body 20. From the coil 38 start towards the injector head 12 electrical connection means 42, such as cables. These means 42 extend in a specific conduit to a connector 44 provided with terminals allowing the connection of the coil 38 to an external control unit not shown.
  • the coil 38 is itself provided with a central bore 46 in which a valve spring 48 is arranged.
  • the control valve 24 comprises a valve body 50 of cylindrical revolution with a longitudinal axis A1 extending between an upper face 52 and a lower face 54 and provided with an axial bore 56 comprising two coaxial sections along the second axis A2, the first section opening into said upper face 52 is a wide and shallow countersink forming a low pressure chamber 58, from the center of the bottom 60 of which extends towards the lower face 54 the second section forming a hydraulic distributor bore 62.
  • this distributor bore 62 axially blind A2, several inlets of channels open out laterally. All of the channels and conduits with which the injector 10 is provided will be detailed further.
  • the injector shown in figure 1 and on which this description is based is only a non-limiting example and, many alternative constructions exist and will be mentioned however, the alternatives which would be omitted cannot be excluded from the scope conferred by the claims.
  • the longitudinal axis A1 and the second axis A2 are distinct and parallel.
  • This offset, introduced in the patent EP1693563 has many advantages but is not imperative and, injectors in which the two axes coincide exist and can without difficulty benefit from the teachings of the present invention.
  • the control valve 24 further comprises an armature-stem assembly 64 comprising a magnetic armature 66 and a valve stem 68 movably arranged in the axial bore 54.
  • the armature 66 has the general shape of a thick disc which fits.
  • the valve stem 68 is a cylindrical shaft comprising sections of different diameters and one end of which is embedded and crimped in the center of the frame 66.
  • the valve stem 68 extends perpendicular to the frame 66 and fits into a just-sliding fit in the distributor bore 62.
  • the valve stem 68 slides directly into the distributor bore 62 or, alternatively, such as represented on the figure 2 , in a cylindrical bush 70 radially drilled with at least one radial hole, the bush 70 being inserted tightly into the distributor bore 62.
  • the coil 38, its central bore 46, the valve spring 48, the axial bore 56 of the valve body, the magnetic armature 66 and the valve stem 68 are coaxial extending along the second axis A2 .
  • the injection nozzle 14 for its part comprises the nozzle body 28, the top guide 26, a needle 72 and a needle spring 74.
  • the nozzle body 28 and the top guide 26 are two parts. distinct.
  • injectors whose nozzle body incorporates the top guide exist and can just as easily benefit from the present invention.
  • the nozzle body 28 has a tapered cylindrical wall 76 extending along the longitudinal axis A1 from an upper face 78 in a first wide section 80 and a second narrower section 82 closing in a point at its lower end.
  • the outer faces of the two sections 80, 82 are connected along a transverse disc face 84 against which the injector nut 22 bears.
  • the wall 76 defines a continuous interior space 86 divided into a wide cylindrical chamber 88, located in the first section 80 and, a narrow chamber 90, located in the second section 82.
  • the large cylindrical chamber 88 opens into the upper face 78, forming a top counterbore 92 adapted to receive and position the top guide 26.
  • the narrow chamber 90 defines at a part of its side cylindrical wall a low sliding guide 94 and, the end of the narrow chamber 90 closes similarly to the second section 82 in a female cone forming a seat 96 of the nozzle body circumventing a plurality of injection holes 98 passing through the wall 76 of the nozzle body.
  • the top guide 26 is, in the nonlimiting example described, an independent cylindrical part of revolution extending along the longitudinal axis A1 from an upper transverse face 100 and comprises a wide upper cylinder 102 then a narrow lower cylinder 104, the two cylinders 102, 104, meeting in a shoulder face 106.
  • the upper guide 26 further comprises an axial bore through opening 108 through right through the two cylinders 102, 104, the bore 108 defining in the lower part, located in the narrow cylinder 104, a top sliding guide 110 and, in the upper part located in the wide cylinder 102, a control chamber 112 in which is arranged a movable piston 114 now described.
  • Said movable piston 114 extends axially between an upper face 116 to a lower face 118, the upper face 116 being provided with a boss rising slightly above said upper face 116, boss at the center of which a high concave housing 120 is produced. so that said boss circumvents the opening of the top housing 120 by forming a circular peripheral lip 122.
  • the piston 114 is also provided with a low concave housing 124.
  • top 120 and bottom 124 housings are functional centering holes for a particular machining mode. In an alternative not shown corresponding to a different embodiment these housings could not be produced.
  • the piston 114 is furthermore provided on its lateral cylindrical face with an annular groove 126 as well as with a first channel 128 joining the groove 126 inside the upper housing 120, the opening of said first channel 128 therefore being at the bottom. 'inside the lip 122 and, as well as a second channel 130 joining the interior of the lower housing 124 to the upper face 116, the upper opening of said second channel 130 being outside the lip 122.
  • Needle 72 is an elongated cylindrical shaft extending from a needle head 132 to a conical tip 134 defining a needle seat 136.
  • the needle head 132 is provided with a small cylindrical protuberance 138 connected to the body of the needle by a support shoulder 140, the body of the needle forming in this head part a top needle guide 142 and, opposite the head 116 near the tip 134, the needle 72 has a wider portion forming a low needle guide 144.
  • the nozzle body 28 receives at its top counterbore 92 the wide cylindrical part 102 of the top guide 26, the narrow part 104 extending into the wide chamber 88 of the nozzle body 28.
  • the face shoulder 106 of the top guide bears tightly against the bottom of the top counterbore 92 and, the top guide 26 is radially held by the inner rim of the same counterbore 92.
  • top sliding guide 110 and the bottom sliding guide 92 are coaxial along the longitudinal axis A1 and receive the needle 72 in a complementary manner, the top needle guide 142 sliding in the top sliding guide 110 and, the bottom guide 144 sliding in the bottom sliding guide 92 of the nozzle body.
  • the needle spring 74 is compressed in the control chamber 112 between the bearing shoulder 104, integral with the needle 72, and the lower face 118 of the movable piston 114.
  • the upper face 100 of the top guide is maintained in sealed surface contact against the lower face of the valve body 54 and, the upper face 52 of the valve body is itself in sealed surface contact against the lower face 30 of the actuator body. .
  • This integral and sealed stack is made possible thanks to the injector nut 22 which, slipped around the second narrow section 82 of the nozzle body 28 bears against the disc face 84 of the same nozzle body and extends axially along the line. 'longitudinal axis A1 so as to enclose the top guide 26 and the control valve 24 until it is screwed onto the actuator body 20 by virtue of the complementary threads 32, 34 previously described.
  • the surface seals are ensured on the one hand thanks to the mirror quality of the state of the surfaces in contact and on the other hand thanks to the sufficiently large tightening torque of the nut 22 which generates a strong compression between the bottom of the body.
  • actuator, valve body, top guide, and nozzle body are ensured on the one hand thanks to the mirror quality of the state of the surfaces in contact and on the other hand thanks to the sufficiently large tightening torque of the nut 22 which generates a strong compression between the bottom of the body. actuator, valve body, top guide, and nozzle body.
  • the armature-rod assembly 64 although biased by the valve spring 48, can move axially along the second axis A2 between the closed position of the PFV valve, or low position wherein the armature-rod assembly 64 is remote from the coil 38 and, the open position of the POV valve, or upward position in which the armature-rod assembly 64 is close to the coil 38.
  • the needle 72 although biased by the needle spring 74, the needle 72 can move axially along the longitudinal axis A1 between a closed needle position PFA, also commonly referred to as the low position in which the needle seat 136 is in sealed contact against the needle.
  • the movable piston 114 can move axially along the longitudinal axis A1 between an open position of the POP piston, or low position in which the peripheral lip 122 is away from the face. lower 54 of the valve body and a closed position of the PFP piston, or high position in which the peripheral lip 122 is in sealed contact against the lower face 54 of the valve body.
  • the injector 10 is further provided with channels and conduits comprising complementary sections between the elements of the injector, these channels and conduits form a high pressure circuit 146 and a low pressure return circuit 148 in which, in use, fuel circulates .
  • the high pressure circuit 146 comprises a first main duct 150, extending into the actuator body 20 between the inlet mouth 16 and the lower face 30 of the actuator body, the main duct 150 being extended by a second duct 152 passing through the valve body 50 then, by a third conduit 154 passing through the wide cylindrical part 102 of the top guide, said third conduit 154 opening into the shoulder face 106 of the top guide between the narrow part 104 and the inner side face of the wall 76 of the nozzle body, and opening into the large chamber 88 of the nozzle body 28.
  • the high pressure circuit 146 then continues in the interior space 86 of the nozzle body to the injection holes 98.
  • the high pressure circuit 146 further comprises a fourth duct 156 provided in the top guide 26 and joining said shoulder face 106 inside the axial bore 108 where it opens into the annular space defined by the groove. piston ring 126 we 114.
  • the high pressure fuel can follow the path indicated by the arrow F1 on the figure 3 . From the top housing 120, it passes above the lip 122, between said lip 122 and the lower face 54 of the valve body, then flows into the second channel 130 of the piston so as to fill the control chamber. 112.
  • the low pressure return circuit 148 for its part comprises an evacuation duct 158 provided in the valve body and sketched in a semi-transparent manner in the figures 2 and 3 .
  • This discharge duct 158 extends from the lower face 54 of the valve body where it opens onto the outer part of the axial bore 108 of the top guide, to the outside of the lip 122 of the piston 114, and it extends until it opens into the hydraulic distributor bore 62.
  • This space between the outside of the lip 122 of the piston 114 and the lower face 54 of the valve body, the space into which the discharge duct 158 opens. forms a second control chamber 160.
  • the discharge duct is made in a first short section 162 opening under the valve body 50, connecting perpendicularly to a second longer section 164 running in a straight line up to 'to the bore 62.
  • the second section 164 opens into the lower face 54 of the valve body, but this end is closed on assembly by the upper face 100 of the top guide.
  • the return circuit 148 then continues in the hydraulic distributor bore 62, or even through the holes in the sleeve 70, then up to the low pressure chamber 58 from which said circuit 148 continues by borrowing a main return duct 166 , not shown, which extends in the actuator body 20 in parallel with the main high pressure duct 150 from the lower face 30 to the outlet mouth 18.
  • the return circuit 148 further comprises a pipe for recovering the valve leak, said pipe also shown in a semi-transparent manner on the figure 2 , extends radially into the valve body 50 from the bottom of the axial bore 56 until it joins the lateral cylindrical wall of the valve body where the recovery duct opens into an annular space between said lateral wall and the injector nut 22, in order then to rejoin the low pressure chamber 58 and the main return duct 166.
  • the coil 38 is not electrically supplied, it does not create a magnetic field and therefore does not attract the magnetic armature 66.
  • the valve spring 48 pushes the armature-rod assembly 64 back into the closed position.
  • PFV position in which the valve stem 68 closes the hydraulic communication between the axial bore 56 and the low pressure chamber 58 and thus prevents the fuel from reaching the return circuit 148.
  • the high pressure fuel entering permanently into the injector, in the absence of evacuation, the pressure increases in the two sections 162, 164, of the evacuation duct of the valve body and in particular above the piston 114 in the second control chamber 160.
  • the movable piston 114 is therefore pushed back down to the open POP position and, as previously described, high pressure fuel can enter the control chamber 112 where the pressure increases and pushes the needle 72 down, into the closed PFA position. On either side of piston 114 the pressure is then balanced. The needle 72 moves according to a pressure differential between the head and the tip of the needle. Thus when the pressure increases in the control chamber 112, in order for the needle 72 to move downwards, it is necessary to provide the injector 10 with a device which reduces the pressure on the side of the tip.
  • injectors whose high pressure circuit is provided with a calibrated orifice arranged between the inlet into the control chamber and the injection holes.
  • Such a function can also be carried out by means of a collar, also called in English “ boostflange ” or else “NMC - needle motion control ”, integral with the needle and leaving only a small passage for the flow of high pressure fuel, said passage generating the desired pressure drop on the side of the tip.
  • a collar also called in English “ boostflange ” or else “NMC - needle motion control ”, integral with the needle and leaving only a small passage for the flow of high pressure fuel, said passage generating the desired pressure drop on the side of the tip.
  • the coil 38 is electrically supplied, it then generates a magnetic field which attracts the armature 66 which, despite the stress on the valve spring 48, rises and approaches the coil 38 in the open position of the valve. POV.
  • the fuel previously trapped in the evacuation duct 162, 164 can be evacuated towards the low pressure chamber 58 and the main return duct 16. This rapid evacuation creates a vacuum in the second control chamber 160, which vacuum attracts the piston.
  • the movable piston 114 then being placed in the closed position PFP, the lip 122 coming into sealed contact against the lower face 54 of the valve body.
  • the high pressure fuel can no longer leave the upper housing 120 of the piston and, the one who is trapped in the control chamber 112 can exit via the second channel 130, bypass the lip 122 and join the duct. 162, 164, then the return circuit.
  • the figure 11 is a two-dimensional graph schematically representing the curve of the changes in the pressure in the control chamber 112, as a function of time. Above the curve, a table indicates the positions in which the armature-rod assembly 64, the movable piston 114 and the needle 72 are placed.
  • the point P1 intersection of the curve with the ordinate axis, pressure axis, marks the moment when the coil 38 begins to be supplied, the armature-rod assembly 64 then moves into the open position POV while the pressure in the control chamber 112 is still high and that the needle 72 is in the closed PFV position. From point P1, the plunger moves into the closed PFP position and the pressure in the control chamber 112 decreases until the needle rises to the open POA position.
  • the following point P2 marks the moment when the electrical supply to the coil 38 is interrupted, the armature-rod assembly 64 being immediately pushed back by the valve spring 48 in the closed position PFV while the pressure in the control chamber 112 is still low and needle 72 is in the open POA position. Very shortly after point P2, the piston is placed in the open position POP and the pressure in the control chamber 112 re-increases to the point where the needle drops back to the closed PFA position.
  • the piston 114 has an outside diameter markedly greater than the diameter of the needle 72.
  • the lower housing 124 of the lower face 118 of the piston can be enlarged into a countersink of sufficient dimensions to accommodate the bore. head 132 of the needle and the spring 74.
  • the arrangement of such a piston 114 obviously requires that the upper end opening out of the axial bore of the top guide 108 is itself enlarged to receive the new one therein. piston expands.
  • the PFV valve closes and the pressure begins to rise in the second control chamber 160 just above the face upper 116 of the piston.
  • the dimensions can easily be chosen so that as soon as the piston 114 begins to move downwards it comes into mechanical contact with the needle. needle head and then, the axial force exerted on the upper face 116 of the piston is fully transmitted to the needle 72.
  • the axial force can be transmitted by hydraulic pressure exerted on the needle. needle head.
  • the high pressure now acts on the needle 72 by generating on the head an axial closing force directed towards the point and, on the point, an axial opening force of lower intensity directed towards the head.
  • injectors 10 without any device artificially reducing the pressure on the side of the tip, such as the calibrated orifice or the collar mentioned above. Indeed, rather than reducing the pressure and the force corresponding to the tip of the needle, which corresponds to a loss of energy, it now appears that the piston widens makes it possible to increase the force on the needle head without any loss of energy, the pressure of the fuel injected through the injection holes 98 being the pressure at which the fuel enters the injector 10 without there being any deliberate loss of pressure.
  • the main difference lies in the shape of the axial bore 108 of the top guide and that of the movable piston 114.
  • the bore 108 is made in a top section 170 serving only as a sliding guide for the piston 114, said top section 170 being of smaller diameter than the bottom section which forms the top sliding guide 110 in which the head of the needle 132 is located.
  • the two sections 170, 110 are connected by a connecting disc surface 172 which can, as is shown in the figures be slightly conical.
  • the movable piston 114 comprises a cylindrical body 174, arranged to slide in the top section 170 of the axial bore 108, a low flange 176 arranged in the control chamber 112 and a connecting shoulder 178 between the flange 176 and the body 174 of the piston.
  • the piston is further provided with an axial orifice opening 180 which, according to the alternative shown, comprises a restriction of section 182.
  • the piston 114 is provided with a small calibrated channel 184 s 'extending radially and joining the outer face of piston 114 to the axial orifice 180. This calibrated channel 184 establishes a permanent hydraulic connection between the high pressure inlet and said axial orifice 180.
  • the fourth high pressure duct 156 opens into the axial bore 108 just above the flange 176.
  • the movable piston 114 can, like the previous description, move between a high position or closed position PFP in which the shoulder 178 of the piston is in sealing contact against the disc surface 172 of the bore and, a low position, or open position POP in which the shoulder 178 and the surface disc 172 are distant from each other.
  • the second control chamber 160 can only be filled with fuel passing between the piston 114 and the top section 170 of the bore 108. This filling can take a relatively long time and, without this solution being able to be ruled out, the production of the calibrated channel 184 seems to be preferred.
  • the high pressure fuel enters the control chamber 112, following the path of the arrow F2, passing between the shoulder 178 and the disc surface 172 and pressurizes said chamber. 112 so as to push the needle 72 into the closed position PFA.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Kraftstoffinjektor (10) mit einem Körper, in dem sich eine Nadel (72) unter dem Einfluss des Kraftstoffdrucks in einer Steuerkammer (112) zwischen einer offenen Position (POA) und einer geschlossenen Position (PFA) bewegt, wobei in diese Kammer (112) ein Hochdruckzulaufkanal (146, 156, 130) mündet und aus dieser ein über ein Zweiwege-Magnetventil (24) gesteuerter Ablaufkanal (158, 162, 164) zu einem Niederdruckrücklaufkreis (148) führt, so dass in der geschlossenen Position des Magnetventils (PFV) der Druck in der Steuerkammer (112) ansteigt und die Nadel (72) in die geschlossene Position (PFA) beaufschlagt und in der offenen Position des Magnetventils (POV) der Kraftstoff aus der Steuerkammer (112) abfließt, in der der Druck abnimmt, wodurch die Nadel (72) sich in die offene Position (POA) bewegen kann, wobei
    der Injektor (10) ferner ein Mittel (26, 114) zur dynamischen Leckageverringerung aufweist, das verhindert, dass Kraftstoff direkt von dem Zulaufkanal (146) zu dem Rücklaufkreislauf (148) fließt, wenn sich das Magnetventil (24) in der offenen Position (POV) befindet, wobei das Mittel (26, 114) zur dynamischen Leckageverringerung ein bewegliches Element (114) enthält, das sich zwischen einer offenen Position (POP) und einer geschlossenen Position (PFP) unter dem Einfluss der Kraftstoffdruckdifferenz bewegt, die zwischen der Steuerkammer (112) und einer zweiten Steuerkammer (160) in Strömungsverbindung mit dem Ablaufkanal (148) besteht, und wobei
    das bewegliche Element (114) ein zylindrischer Kolben ist, der an seiner zylindrischen Seitenfläche mit einer Ringnut (126) versehen ist, wobei der zylindrische Kolben gleitend in einer Bohrung (108) des Injektorkörpers angeordnet ist und der Zulaufkanal (148, 156) in den durch die Ringnut (126) definierten Ringraum mündet, wobei sich in der Bohrung (108) der Kolben (114) in eine offene Position (POP) bewegt, wenn das Magnetventil (24) in der geschlossenen Position (PFV) ist, so dass der unter Hochdruck stehende Kraftstoff in die Steuerkammer (112) einströmen kann, und sich in eine geschlossene Position (PFP) bewegt, wenn das Magnetventil (24) in der offenen Position (POV) ist, so dass das Einströmen des unter Hochdruck stehenden Kraftstoffs in die Steuerkammer (112) verhindert wird, und wobei
    die Bohrung (108) koaxial (A1) zu der Bohrung (110) verläuft, in der die Nadel (72) gleitet, und wobei
    der Kolben (114) einen einfachen zylindrischen Körper enthält, der sich axial (A1) zwischen einer der Nadel (72) gegenüberliegend angeordneten unteren Fläche (118), welche untere Fläche (118) die Decke der Steuerkammer (112) bildet, und einer der unteren Fläche (118) entgegengesetzten oberen Fläche (116) erstreckt, wobei die obere Fläche (116) mit einer Querfläche (54) des Injektorkörpers in Kontakt steht, wenn sich der Kolben (114) in die geschlossene Position (PFP) bewegt hat,
    wobei der Kraftstoffinjektor (10) ferner eine Feder (74) enthält, die in der Steuerkammer (112) angeordnet ist und zwischen einer mit der Nadel (72) fest verbundenen Schulter (140) und der unteren Fläche (118) des Kolbens (114) zusammengedrückt wird, so dass dauerhaft die Nadel (72) in ihre geschlossene Position (PFA) und der Kolben (114) in seine geschlossene Position (PFP) beaufschlagt werden, und
    wobei der Kolben (114) mit einem ersten Kanal (128), der sich von der Außenwand des Kolbens (114) zur oberen Fläche (116) erstreckt, und ferner mit einem zweiten Kanal (130) versehen ist, der sich zwischen der unteren Fläche (118) und der oberen Fläche (116) erstreckt, wobei der Kolben (114) in seiner Bohrung so angeordnet ist, dass der Zulaufkanal (148, 156) in dauerhafter Strömungsverbindung mit dem ersten Kanal (128) steht, und
    wobei der Kolben (114) ferner an seiner oberen Fläche (116) mit einem Vorsprung versehen ist, der eine abgedichtete Barriere (122) bildet, wenn sich der Kolben (114) in der geschlossenen Position (PFP) befindet, wobei sich die Barriere (122) dann in abgedichtetem Kontakt mit der Querfläche (54) des Injektorkörpers befindet, der erste Kanal (128) und der zweite Kanal (130) in die obere Fläche (116) des Kolbens auf beiden Seiten der Barriere (122) münden, wobei die zweite Steuerkammer (160) der Raum ist, der zwischen der Querfläche (54) des Injektorkörpers und der oberen Fläche (116) des Kolbens (14) liegt und durch die Seite der Barriere (122) begrenzt wird, wo der zweite Kanal (130) und der Ablaufkanal (158) ausmünden.
  2. Injektor (10) nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei der ausmündende Kanal (180) mit einer Querschnittsverengung versehen ist, die einen Druckabfall erzeugt, so dass der Druck in der Steuerkammer (112) höher ist als der Druck in der zweiten Steuerkammer (160).
  3. Injektor (10) nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei der erste Kanal (128) eine ringförmige Nut (126) aufweist, die an der Außenwand des Kolbens (114) angeordnet ist, wobei sich der erste Kanal (128) von der Nut (126) aus erstreckt und in die obere Fläche (116) des Kolbens mündet, wobei der Zulaufkanal (148, 156) in den durch die ringförmige Nut (126) definierten Raum mündet.
  4. Injektor (10) nach Anspruch 1,
    wobei die Barriere (122) eine geschlossene kreisförmige Lippe ist, wobei der erste Kanal (128) in den mittleren Teil und der zweite Kanal (130) in den äußeren Teil münden.
  5. Injektor (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
    enthaltend eine Vorrichtung, mit der an der Nadel (72) eine zur Nadelspitze (134) hin gerichtete Schließkraft erzeugt werden kann, die größer ist als die zum Nadelkopf (132) hin gerichtete Öffnungskraft, so dass der Druck des eingespritzten Kraftstoffs, wenn sich die Nadel in der offenen Position (POA) befindet, gleich dem Einlassdruck des Kraftstoffs in den Injektor (10) ist.
  6. Injektor (10) nach Anspruch 5,
    wobei die Vorrichtung aus einem Kolben (114) besteht, dessen Querschnitt größer ist als der Querschnitt der Nadel (72), so dass der unter Druck stehende Kraftstoff, der in die zweite Steuerkammer (160) einströmt, eine erhöhte Kraft auf den Kolben (114) ausübt.
  7. Injektor (10) nach Anspruch 6,
    wobei der Kolben (114) so bemessen ist, dass, sobald der Kolben (114) beginnt, sich in Richtung der offenen Position (POP) zu bewegen, die erhöhte Kraft, die durch den unter Hochdruck stehenden Kraftstoff in der zweiten Steuerkammer (160) ausgeübt wird, vollständig auf die Nadel (72) übertragen wird, und zwar entweder durch mechanischen Kontakt zwischen dem Kolben (114) und der Nadel (72) oder durch hydraulischen Druck, der auf die Nadel (72) ausgeübt wird, so dass die Nadel (72) eine Schließkraft erfährt, die stärker ist als die Öffnungskraft, die durch den Kraftstoff im Bereich der Spitze (134) der Nadel ausgeübt wird.
EP15784621.3A 2014-10-20 2015-10-16 Kraftstoffeinspritzer Active EP3209877B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR1460054A FR3027350B1 (fr) 2014-10-20 2014-10-20 Injecteur de carburant
PCT/EP2015/074051 WO2016062639A1 (fr) 2014-10-20 2015-10-16 Injecteur de carburant

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EP3209877B1 true EP3209877B1 (de) 2020-12-09

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FR3053409A1 (fr) * 2016-06-30 2018-01-05 Delphi International Operations Luxembourg S.A R.L. Injecteur de carburant
WO2020143914A1 (fr) * 2019-01-09 2020-07-16 Delphi Technologies Ip Limited Vanne hydraulique
EP3990770A1 (de) * 2019-06-25 2022-05-04 Ganser-Hydromag AG Brennstoffeinspritzventil für verbrennungskraftmaschinen
WO2021110663A1 (de) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-10 Ganser-Hydromag Ag Brennstoffeinspritzventil mit einem schieberventil für verbrennungskraftmaschinen
GB2592019B (en) * 2020-02-12 2022-07-06 Delphi Tech Ip Ltd Diesel injector with an optimized valve assembly

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DE19618468C1 (de) * 1996-05-08 1997-04-30 Siemens Ag Einspritzventil
JP3557996B2 (ja) * 1999-06-21 2004-08-25 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料噴射装置
JP3527215B2 (ja) * 2001-04-26 2004-05-17 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 燃料噴射弁
WO2003071122A1 (de) * 2002-02-22 2003-08-28 Crt Common Rail Technologies Ag Brennstoffeinspritzventil für verbrennungskraftmaschinen
CH700396A1 (de) * 2009-02-09 2010-08-13 Ganser Hydromag Brennstoffeinspritzventil für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen.
JP5493966B2 (ja) * 2009-06-02 2014-05-14 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射装置
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JP6701212B2 (ja) 2020-05-27
FR3027350B1 (fr) 2019-10-04
FR3027350A1 (fr) 2016-04-22
WO2016062639A1 (fr) 2016-04-28
JP2017531765A (ja) 2017-10-26
EP3209877A1 (de) 2017-08-30

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