EP3195905B1 - Silent gas-diffusion nozzle - Google Patents

Silent gas-diffusion nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3195905B1
EP3195905B1 EP17151169.4A EP17151169A EP3195905B1 EP 3195905 B1 EP3195905 B1 EP 3195905B1 EP 17151169 A EP17151169 A EP 17151169A EP 3195905 B1 EP3195905 B1 EP 3195905B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metallic foam
nozzle according
gas
support
metal foam
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EP17151169.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3195905A1 (en
Inventor
Yves LETANG
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Extinctium
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Extinctium
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00—Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • A62C31/02—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing
    • A62C31/05—Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing with two or more outlets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a diffusion nozzle for injecting a gas under pressure into a room.
  • the present invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of fire extinguishing by gas.
  • Buildings may be equipped with a broadcasting network capable of diffusing a gas in premises where a fire has occurred.
  • a gas is generally a mixture of nitrogen and argon.
  • the diffusion network comprises a reserve of such a gas under high pressure between 200 and 300 bar.
  • a pipe circuit is connected to this tank and reaches each room to be protected. In general, the end of each pipe penetrates in height, for example by the ceiling, in each room or room.
  • a diffusion nozzle adapted to broadcast the gas at a predetermined flow rate is fixed. This flow rate is a quantity of gas to be diffused over a predetermined time. This flow is determined to allow to quickly lower the oxygen level in the room without any damage to the material and the human.
  • the diffusion nozzles according to the prior art are generally perforated empty boxes with a number of holes making it possible to have a flow rate adapted as a function of the value of the pressure of the gas arriving in the room. Some nozzles are designed to distribute the gas to the ground.
  • the buildings to be protected may include components, including electronic, of high sensitivity to noise.
  • Noise emitted when a gas fire suppression system is triggered can reach very high values above 120dB.
  • noise above 100 dB generates vibrations that disturb and even destroy the read heads of hard disks.
  • the high frequency waves are particularly directional. Therefore, orienting the diffusion nozzles to the components in the room is undesirable.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a new low noise diffusion nozzle.
  • Another object of the invention is the implementation of a diffusion nozzle capable of diffusing a gas without further pressure loss than a standard nozzle.
  • the pressurized gas passing through the injection circuit is first blown into the metal foam before being diffused into the room.
  • the metal foam is used as an acoustic filter to limit the noise, noise generated by the passage of gas from a high pressure (upper), for example above 60 bar, to a low pressure (lower) of the order of 5 bars.
  • a metal foam is generally modeled by a periodic three-dimensional microstructure.
  • the geometric nonlinearities of such a structure are at the origin of specific physical characteristics.
  • the metal foam has a porous, cellular structure, so that a flow passing through such a structure is split into a multitude of small flows through a material consisting essentially of vacuum.
  • a metal foam also has the advantage of having a fairly high stiffness to weight ratio. Moreover, depending on the material used, the resistance to the temperature variation can be very high.
  • metal foams are used in heat exchangers, in the automotive sector to lighten mechanical parts and increase energy absorption in the event of impact.
  • a foam according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate high frequency sound waves, several kHz, these same frequencies which, brought to high decibels create vibrations causing the deterioration of sensitive components.
  • the metal foam consists of several materials including nickel and chromium in proportions of 60-80% and 15-40% respectively.
  • the inventors realized that the use of these materials allowed better absorption of high frequency waves.
  • the metal foam according to the invention is a metal foam with open pores or crosslinked. This is unclosed pore metal foam, ideal for ensuring a good diffusion rate in the room.
  • the metal foam has a porosity greater than 90%.
  • the ratio of the porosity to the relative density is that the porosity is 100% minus the relative density. This means that the relative density is less than 10%.
  • the foam With a low relative density, the foam consists essentially of vacuum. The stream is subdivided into an infinite number of smaller streams that diffuse through the metal foam.
  • the metal foam has a porosity equal to 92.2%.
  • the metal foam may have an average density of 0.45 to 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter.
  • this metal foam when the metal foam is open-pore, this metal foam may have a number of pores per inch, or 2.54 cm, between 17 and 23.
  • this metal foam when the metal foam is open-pore, this metal foam may have a mean diameter per pore estimated between 0.6 and 1.4 mm, ideally 0.9 mm.
  • the metal foam may consist of several pre-cut blocks or a monoblock. When it comes to several blocks, they can be placed on each other without special gluing. The use of metal foam precut blocks simplifies the mounting in the support.
  • the metal foam may be cylindrical in shape, circular section, square, triangular or other. In all cases, the dimensions are such that the metal foam has a face greater than the flow section from the injection circuit.
  • the support may comprise a box completely containing the metal foam, openings being made on the side walls of this box for the lateral diffusion of the gas.
  • completely is meant a box that includes all the metal foam.
  • the openings are made only on the side walls so that the flux is diffused laterally and not directly downward on the sensitive components.
  • the box may be cylindrical, parallelepipedal, spherical or complex.
  • the metallic mouse may or may not have the same shape as the box.
  • the number of lateral openings is a function of the desired flow rate in the workpiece and the inlet pressure of the metal foam.
  • the diffusion nozzle may comprise a restriction disk disposed at a mechanical interface so as to adjust the flow rate of the gas diffused into the room. It can be a disc having an adjustable central opening or a removable disk that can be changed according to the desired flow rate.
  • the support may partially cover the metal foam.
  • the support can for example only maintain the foam from above, the rest of the metal foam being completely exposed in the room.
  • the support may also comprise lateral rods which hold the metal foam directly by pressure on the lateral flanks or with the aid of a lower plate.
  • the fixing connector may be tubular in shape, one end of which is directly in contact with a surface of the metal foam.
  • the support according to the invention may be plastic or metal.
  • FIG. 1 On the figure 1 is shown a gas diffusion network disposed for example in a building comprising several parts 1, 2 and 3. These three parts can be contiguous, close or spaced at distances of several tens of meters.
  • Each piece can contain electronic components of great value and sensitive to vibration.
  • An example of an electronic component fearing vibration is the read head of a hard disk.
  • a reservoir 4 maintained under pressure for example between 200 and 300 bar.
  • An injection circuit 5 in the form of a pipe is connected upstream to the tank 4 and downstream to each of the parts 1 to 3. Valves, not shown, are arranged along the injection circuit 5 and allow release the pressurized gas from the tank 4 to supply one or more rooms in case of fire.
  • Each arm of the injection circuit which is disposed inside a room, can diffuse the gas in question under a pressure which is not the pressure of the gas in the tank because of the distance between the tank is said room.
  • the injection circuit can inject a gas under a pressure different from the pressure of the gas injected into other rooms.
  • the diffusion nozzle is adapted so that the flow rate of the injected gas is in accordance with the desired flow rate for each piece, preferably identical in all parts.
  • an adjustable or preferably removable nozzle is used so as to change it according to the desired flow rate.
  • a diffusion nozzle 6 according to the invention. It comprises a fixing connector 7 of cylindrical shape with a pitch 8 on its inner surface.
  • This fastening connector can simply be of the micro type having an outer hexagonal-shaped surface to the squares providing a socket for a wrench.
  • This external side surface that also simply presented, as seen on the figure 2 two opposing chamfers 9 for gripping by means of a wrench.
  • the attachment connector is adapted to engage one end of the injection circuit. To do this, the threads 8 cooperate with corresponding threads of the end of the injection circuit.
  • the box 10 consists of a cylindrical body 10a closed on its upper part by a disk 10b, and on its lower part of a disk 10c.
  • the upper disk 10b has a central opening in which is fixedly and sealingly inserted the fixing connector 7. Therefore, the flow of a gas from the injection circuit can pass through the fixing connector 7 and reach the chamber directly of the box 10.
  • the lower disk 10c is a solid disk.
  • a metal foam 11 is disposed inside the box 10 so as to occupy the entire interior space.
  • the box 10 is a support holding the metal foam in place and directly facing the inner passage of the fixing connector 7.
  • the metal foam 11 is disposed in abutment with the lower end of the fixing connector 7.
  • the cylindrical body 10a of the box 10 is provided with a multitude of holes 12 for the lateral passage of the box flow injected via the fixing connector. With a lower disk 10c full, it thus favors a lateral outlet flow so as to avoid blowing the gas directly towards the electronic components located in the room. Indeed the diffusion nozzles are generally arranged in height.
  • the box may be made of a material of stainless steel or plastic.
  • the height of this box may be 70 mm, a diameter of 60 mm, with holes 12 with a diameter of about 6.5 mm.
  • the holes 12 are 48 in number and are evenly distributed on the cylindrical body 10a.
  • the support according to the invention thus makes it possible to diffuse the gas laterally over 360 °.
  • the metal foam 11 completely fills the interior volume of the box 10 and has dimensions with a height of 60 mm and a diameter of 51 mm.
  • the metal foam can consist of a single block, in the example of the figure 3 it is 6 cylindrical blocks superimposed on each other.
  • the metal foam used is a solid foam mainly consisting of nickel and chromium and has a porosity of 92.2%, ie a relative density of 7.8%. It is an open-pore metal foam that offers great compactness and allows high flow rates while reducing the noise generated during the passage of a box flow.
  • tests have shown that a passage in the diffusion nozzle according to the invention of a gas having 60bars input and 5bars at the output allowed to reach a noise level of less than 100 dB whereas in diffusion nozzles according to the state of the prior art the noise easily reaches 120 to 130 dB.
  • the diffusion nozzle according to the invention is a material resistant to temperature variation between -40 ° to about 50 °. This material is also water resistant. These characteristics are significant advantages in that the expansion of a gas can considerably lower the temperature and subsequently cause condensation.
  • the metal foam is used to attenuate the noise while maintaining a high gas flow rate, in any case suitable for use in a heating system. fire, for example depending on the pressure this flow can generally go up to 60 m3 / min.
  • the figure 6 is a simplified diagram of a block of metal foam.
  • the constituent element is compact, solid, capable of not being deformed by the impact of the gas flow.
  • the fixing connector may advantageously be of the same type as that described on the figure 2 .
  • the support is completely different. It is no longer a box but a cylindrical body 13 not closed on its lower part, the upper disk being open on its central part identically to the embodiment of the figure 2 .
  • the flow of gas 14 passes through the fixing connector 7 to directly attack the metal foam 11.
  • the latter is fixed to the cylindrical body 13 by gluing, by screwing, using hooks or by any other means to hold in place the metal foam, in particular during the impact of the gas flow 14.
  • the gas diffuses all around the metal foam not covered by the cylindrical body 13. The diffusion is thus through the side walls and the base of the metal foam .
  • the fixing connector may advantageously be of the same type as that described on the figure 2 .
  • the support alone is shown without the metal foam.
  • the medium is a frame comprising an upper disk like the disk 10b described above, and a lower disk full like the disk 10c described above.
  • the two discs are interconnected by rigid, semi-rigid or even flexible rods. These stems are u number of two or more.
  • the metal foam can freely diffuse over a large part of its lateral surface.
  • the lower disk 16 is full but it can also be simply a circle connected to the rods.
  • the upper disc 17 may also be a circle connected to the fastening connector by rigid rods, semi-rigid or flexible (not shown).
  • the box-shaped support may have a removable portion (cylindrical body and lower disc) so as to have a cylindrical body with holes adapted to the desired gas flow rate.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à une buse de diffusion pour injecter un gaz sous pression dans une pièce.The present invention relates to a diffusion nozzle for injecting a gas under pressure into a room.

La présente invention trouve une application particulièrement intéressante dans le domaine d'extinction d'incendie par gaz.The present invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of fire extinguishing by gas.

Des bâtiments peuvent être équipés d'un réseau de diffusion apte à diffuser un gaz dans des locaux où un incendie se serait déclaré. Un tel gaz est généralement un mélange d'azote et d'argon. Le réseau de diffusion comprend une réserve d'un tel gaz sous haute pression entre 200 et 300 bars. Un circuit de canalisation est connecté à ce réservoir et atteint chaque local à protéger. De façon générale, l'extrémité de chaque canalisation pénètre en hauteur, par exemple par le plafond, dans chaque local ou pièce. A chaque extrémité, on fixe une buse de diffusion adaptée pour diffuser le gaz selon un débit prédéterminé. Ce débit est une quantité de gaz à diffuser sur un temps prédéterminé. Ce débit est déterminé pour permettre d'abaisser rapidement le taux d'oxygène dans la pièce sans qu'il y ait de dégâts sur le matériel et l'humain.Buildings may be equipped with a broadcasting network capable of diffusing a gas in premises where a fire has occurred. Such a gas is generally a mixture of nitrogen and argon. The diffusion network comprises a reserve of such a gas under high pressure between 200 and 300 bar. A pipe circuit is connected to this tank and reaches each room to be protected. In general, the end of each pipe penetrates in height, for example by the ceiling, in each room or room. At each end, a diffusion nozzle adapted to broadcast the gas at a predetermined flow rate is fixed. This flow rate is a quantity of gas to be diffused over a predetermined time. This flow is determined to allow to quickly lower the oxygen level in the room without any damage to the material and the human.

Les buses de diffusion selon l'art antérieur sont généralement des caissons vides perforés avec un nombre de trous permettant d'avoir un débit adapté en fonction de la valeur de la pression du gaz arrivant dans la pièce. Certaines buses sont conçues pour diffuser le gaz vers le sol.The diffusion nozzles according to the prior art are generally perforated empty boxes with a number of holes making it possible to have a flow rate adapted as a function of the value of the pressure of the gas arriving in the room. Some nozzles are designed to distribute the gas to the ground.

Or, les bâtiments à protéger peuvent comporter des composants, notamment électroniques, de grande sensibilité au bruit. Le bruit émis au moment du déclenchement d'un système d'extinction d'incendie par gaz peut atteindre des valeurs très élevées au-delà des 120dB. On s'est rendu compte que pour des pièces hébergeant des centres de données ou « data center » en anglais, le bruit au-delà de 100 dB génère des vibrations qui perturbent et même peuvent détruire les têtes de lectures des disques durs.However, the buildings to be protected may include components, including electronic, of high sensitivity to noise. Noise emitted when a gas fire suppression system is triggered can reach very high values above 120dB. We realized that for rooms hosting data centers or "data centers" in English, noise above 100 dB generates vibrations that disturb and even destroy the read heads of hard disks.

En particulier, les ondes de fréquences élevées sont particulièrement directionnelles. Par conséquent, orienter les buses de diffusion vers les composants dans la pièce n'est pas souhaitable.In particular, the high frequency waves are particularly directional. Therefore, orienting the diffusion nozzles to the components in the room is undesirable.

Dans le document US2014069663 A1 il est décrit une tête d'injection pour gaz contre le feu et qui a pour objectif la réduction du bruit de l'injection.In the document US2014069663 A1 it is described an injection head for gas against fire and which aims to reduce the noise of the injection.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités en proposant une nouvelle buse de diffusion peu bruyant.The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a new low noise diffusion nozzle.

Un autre but de l'invention est la mise en oeuvre d'une buse de diffusion apte à diffuser un gaz sans plus de perte de charge qu'une buse standard.Another object of the invention is the implementation of a diffusion nozzle capable of diffusing a gas without further pressure loss than a standard nozzle.

On atteint au moins l'un des objectifs précités avec une buse de diffusion pour injecter un gaz sous pression dans une pièce. Selon l'invention, la buse comprend :

  • un support doté d'un connecteur de fixation pour fixer le support à un circuit d'injection,
  • une mousse métallique solide maintenue par le support de sorte que le gaz provenant du circuit d'injection traverse la mousse métallique avant de diffuser dans la pièce.
At least one of the above-mentioned objectives is achieved with a diffusion nozzle for injecting pressurized gas into a room. According to the invention, the nozzle comprises:
  • a support provided with a fixing connector for fixing the support to an injection circuit,
  • a solid metal foam held by the support so that the gas from the injection circuit passes through the metal foam before diffusing into the room.

Avec la buse selon l'invention, le gaz sous pression transitant via le circuit d'injection est d'abord insufflé dans la mousse métallique avant d'être diffusé dans la pièce. La mousse métallique est utilisée comme un filtre acoustique permettant de limiter le bruit, bruit engendré par le passage du gaz d'une pression élevée (supérieure), par exemple au-delà de 60 bars, à une pression faible (inférieure) de l'ordre de 5 bars.With the nozzle according to the invention, the pressurized gas passing through the injection circuit is first blown into the metal foam before being diffused into the room. The metal foam is used as an acoustic filter to limit the noise, noise generated by the passage of gas from a high pressure (upper), for example above 60 bar, to a low pressure (lower) of the order of 5 bars.

Une mousse métallique est généralement modélisée par une microstructure tridimensionnelle périodique. Les non linéarités géométriques d'une telle structure sont à l'origine de caractéristiques physiques spécifiques. Contrairement à un matériau plein, la mousse métallique présente une structure alvéolaire, poreuse, de sorte qu'un flux traversant une telle structure est scindé en une multitude de petits flux traversant un matériau constitué essentiellement du vide.A metal foam is generally modeled by a periodic three-dimensional microstructure. The geometric nonlinearities of such a structure are at the origin of specific physical characteristics. Unlike a solid material, the metal foam has a porous, cellular structure, so that a flow passing through such a structure is split into a multitude of small flows through a material consisting essentially of vacuum.

Une mousse métallique a également l'avantage de présenter un rapport rigidité sur le poids assez élevé. Par ailleurs, en fonction du matériau utilisé, la résistance à la variation de température peut être très élevée.A metal foam also has the advantage of having a fairly high stiffness to weight ratio. Moreover, depending on the material used, the resistance to the temperature variation can be very high.

De façon générale, les mousses métalliques sont utilisées dans des échangeurs thermiques, dans le secteur automobile pour alléger les pièces mécaniques et augmenter l'absorption d'énergie en cas de choc.In general, metal foams are used in heat exchangers, in the automotive sector to lighten mechanical parts and increase energy absorption in the event of impact.

Les inventeurs se sont rendus compte qu'une mousse selon l'invention permet d'éliminer les ondes sonores de hautes fréquences, plusieurs kHz, ces mêmes fréquences qui, portées à des décibels élevées créent des vibrations à l'origine de la détérioration de composants sensibles.The inventors have realized that a foam according to the invention makes it possible to eliminate high frequency sound waves, several kHz, these same frequencies which, brought to high decibels create vibrations causing the deterioration of sensitive components.

Selon l'invention, la mousse métallique est constituée de plusieurs matériaux dont le nickel et le chrome dans des proportions respectivement de 60-80% et 15-40%. Les inventeurs se sont rendus compte que l'utilisation de ces matériaux permettait une meilleure absorption des ondes de fréquences élevées.According to the invention, the metal foam consists of several materials including nickel and chromium in proportions of 60-80% and 15-40% respectively. The inventors realized that the use of these materials allowed better absorption of high frequency waves.

De préférence, la mousse métallique selon l'invention est une mousse métallique à pores ouverts ou réticulée. Il s'agit de mousse métallique à pores non fermés, idéal pour assurer un bon débit de diffusion dans la pièce.Preferably, the metal foam according to the invention is a metal foam with open pores or crosslinked. This is unclosed pore metal foam, ideal for ensuring a good diffusion rate in the room.

Selon l'invention, la mousse métallique présente une porosité supérieure à 90%. Le rapport entre la porosité est la densité relative est que la porosité est égale à 100% moins la densité relative. Cela signifie que la densité relative est inférieure à 10%. De telles valeurs permettent d'assurer un débit minimum pour l'application dans le domaine d'extinction d'incendie. Avec une faible densité relative, la mousse est essentiellement constituée de vide. Le flux est subdivisé en un nombre infini de flux plus petits qui diffuse à travers la mousse métallique.According to the invention, the metal foam has a porosity greater than 90%. The ratio of the porosity to the relative density is that the porosity is 100% minus the relative density. This means that the relative density is less than 10%. Such values make it possible to ensure a minimum flow rate for the application in the fire extinguishing area. With a low relative density, the foam consists essentially of vacuum. The stream is subdivided into an infinite number of smaller streams that diffuse through the metal foam.

Selon un mode de réalisation, la mousse métallique présente une porosité égale à 92.2%.According to one embodiment, the metal foam has a porosity equal to 92.2%.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, la mousse métallique peut présenter une densité moyenne de 0.45 à 0.9 grammes par centimètres cube.By way of non-limiting example, the metal foam may have an average density of 0.45 to 0.9 grams per cubic centimeter.

Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, lorsque la mousse métallique est à pores ouverts, cette mousse métallique peut présenter un nombre de pores par pouce, soit 2.54cm, compris entre 17 et 23.According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, when the metal foam is open-pore, this metal foam may have a number of pores per inch, or 2.54 cm, between 17 and 23.

De la même manière, lorsque la mousse métallique est à pores ouverts, cette mousse métallique peut présenter un diamètre moyen par pore estimé entre 0.6 et 1.4mm, idéalement 0.9mm.In the same way, when the metal foam is open-pore, this metal foam may have a mean diameter per pore estimated between 0.6 and 1.4 mm, ideally 0.9 mm.

En pratique, la mousse métallique peut être constituée de plusieurs blocs prédécoupés ou d'un monobloc. Lorsqu'il s'agit de plusieurs blocs, ils peuvent être posés les uns sur les autres sans collage particulier. L'utilisation de la mousse métallique par blocs prédécoupés permet de simplifier le montage dans le support.In practice, the metal foam may consist of several pre-cut blocks or a monoblock. When it comes to several blocks, they can be placed on each other without special gluing. The use of metal foam precut blocks simplifies the mounting in the support.

Avantageusement, la mousse métallique peut être de forme cylindrique, à section circulaire, carrée, triangulaire ou autre. Dans tous les cas, les dimensions sont telles que la mousse métallique présente une face supérieure à la section du flux provenant du circuit d'injection.Advantageously, the metal foam may be cylindrical in shape, circular section, square, triangular or other. In all cases, the dimensions are such that the metal foam has a face greater than the flow section from the injection circuit.

Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux, le support peut comprendre un caisson contenant complètement la mousse métallique, des ouvertures étant réalisées sur les parois latérales de ce caisson pour la diffusion latérale du gaz. Par « complètement » on entend un caisson qui englobe toute la mousse métallique. De préférence, les ouvertures sont réalisées uniquement sur les parois latérales de sorte que le flux est diffusé latéralement et non directement vers le bas sur les composants sensibles.According to an advantageous embodiment, the support may comprise a box completely containing the metal foam, openings being made on the side walls of this box for the lateral diffusion of the gas. By "completely" is meant a box that includes all the metal foam. Preferably, the openings are made only on the side walls so that the flux is diffused laterally and not directly downward on the sensitive components.

Le caisson peut être de forme cylindrique, parallélépipédique, sphérique ou complexe. La mouse métallique peut avoir ou non la même forme que le caisson.The box may be cylindrical, parallelepipedal, spherical or complex. The metallic mouse may or may not have the same shape as the box.

De préférence, le nombre d'ouvertures latérales est fonction du débit souhaité dans la pièce et de la pression en entrée de la mousse métallique.Preferably, the number of lateral openings is a function of the desired flow rate in the workpiece and the inlet pressure of the metal foam.

La buse de diffusion peut comprendre un disque de restriction disposé au niveau d'une interface mécanique de façon à régler le débit du gaz diffusé dans la pièce. Il peut s'agir d'un disque ayant une ouverture centrale réglable ou bien un disque amovible qui peut être changé en fonction du débit souhaité.The diffusion nozzle may comprise a restriction disk disposed at a mechanical interface so as to adjust the flow rate of the gas diffused into the room. It can be a disc having an adjustable central opening or a removable disk that can be changed according to the desired flow rate.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le support peut couvrir partiellement la mousse métallique. Dans ce cas, le support peut par exemple uniquement maintenir la mousse par le haut, le reste de la mousse métallique étant complètement exposé dans la pièce. Le support peut également comporter des baguettes latérales venant maintenir la mousse métallique directement par pression sur les flancs latérales ou à l'aide d'un plateau inférieur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the support may partially cover the metal foam. In this case, the support can for example only maintain the foam from above, the rest of the metal foam being completely exposed in the room. The support may also comprise lateral rods which hold the metal foam directly by pressure on the lateral flanks or with the aid of a lower plate.

En complément notamment de ce qui précède, le connecteur de fixation peut être de forme tubulaire dont une extrémité est directement en contact avec une surface de la mousse métallique.In addition to the above, the fixing connector may be tubular in shape, one end of which is directly in contact with a surface of the metal foam.

En variante, on peut envisager un connecteur de fixation de forme tubulaire dont une extrémité est introduite dans la mousse métallique.In a variant, it is possible to envisage a tubular-shaped fastening connector, one end of which is inserted into the metal foam.

Avantageusement, le support selon l'invention peut être en plastique ou en métal.Advantageously, the support according to the invention may be plastic or metal.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à l'examen de la description détaillée d'un mode de mise en oeuvre nullement limitatif, et des dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un réseau de diffusion de gaz dans des pièces en cas d'incendie,
  • La figure 2 est une vue schématique en perspective d'une buse de diffusion selon l'invention,
  • La figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe de la buse de diffusion représentée sur la figure 2,
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un autre exemple de buse de diffusion selon l'invention,
  • La figure 5 est une vue schématique en perspective encore d'un autre exemple de buse de diffusion selon l'invention, et
  • La figure 6 est un schéma simplifié d'un bloc de mousse métallique.
Other advantages and features of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment which is in no way limitative, and the appended drawings, in which:
  • The figure 1 is a schematic view of a gas diffusion network in rooms in case of fire,
  • The figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a diffusion nozzle according to the invention,
  • The figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of the diffusion nozzle shown in FIG. figure 2 ,
  • The figure 4 is a schematic sectional view of another example of a diffusion nozzle according to the invention,
  • The figure 5 is a still schematic perspective view of another example of a diffusion nozzle according to the invention, and
  • The figure 6 is a simplified diagram of a block of metal foam.

Bien que l'invention n'y soit pas limitée, on va maintenant décrire un exemple, non limitatif, de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre d'une buse de diffusion selon l'invention présentant une forme globalement cylindrique.Although the invention is not limited thereto, there will now be described a nonlimiting example of embodiment and implementation of a diffusion nozzle according to the invention having a generally cylindrical shape.

Sur la figure 1 est représenté un réseau de diffusion de gaz disposé par exemple dans un bâtiment comprenant plusieurs pièces 1, 2 et 3. Ces trois pièces peuvent êtes accolées, proches ou espacées à des distances de plusieurs dizaines de mètres.On the figure 1 is shown a gas diffusion network disposed for example in a building comprising several parts 1, 2 and 3. These three parts can be contiguous, close or spaced at distances of several tens of meters.

Chaque pièce peut contenir de composants électroniques de grandes valeurs et sensibles à la vibration. Un exemple de composant électronique craignant la vibration est la tête de lecture d'un disque dur.Each piece can contain electronic components of great value and sensitive to vibration. An example of an electronic component fearing vibration is the read head of a hard disk.

On distingue un réservoir 4 maintenu sous pression par exemple entre 200 et 300 bars. Un circuit d'injection 5 sous la forme d'une canalisation est connecté en amont au réservoir 4 et en aval à chacune des pièces 1 à 3. Des valves, non représentées, sont disposées le long du circuit d'injection 5 et permettent de libérer le gaz sous pression du réservoir 4 pour alimenter une ou plusieurs pièces en cas d'incendie. Chaque bras du circuit d'injection, qui est disposé à l'intérieur d'une pièce, peut diffuser le gaz en question sous une pression qui n'est pas la pression du gaz dans le réservoir du fait de la distance entre le réservoir est ladite pièce. Dans chaque pièce le circuit d'injection peut injecter un gaz sous une pression différente de la pression du gaz injecté dans d'autres pièces. Ainsi, pour chaque pièce, la buse de diffusion est adaptée pour que le débit du gaz injecté soit conforme au débit souhaité pour chaque pièce, de préférence identique dans toutes les pièces.There is a reservoir 4 maintained under pressure for example between 200 and 300 bar. An injection circuit 5 in the form of a pipe is connected upstream to the tank 4 and downstream to each of the parts 1 to 3. Valves, not shown, are arranged along the injection circuit 5 and allow release the pressurized gas from the tank 4 to supply one or more rooms in case of fire. Each arm of the injection circuit, which is disposed inside a room, can diffuse the gas in question under a pressure which is not the pressure of the gas in the tank because of the distance between the tank is said room. In each room the injection circuit can inject a gas under a pressure different from the pressure of the gas injected into other rooms. Thus, for each part, the diffusion nozzle is adapted so that the flow rate of the injected gas is in accordance with the desired flow rate for each piece, preferably identical in all parts.

Généralement, il est souhaitable d'avoir une diffusion homogène dans toutes les pièces. Pour ce faire, on utilise une buse ajustable ou de préférence amovible de façon à la changer en fonction du débit souhaité.Generally, it is desirable to have a homogeneous diffusion in all rooms. For this purpose, an adjustable or preferably removable nozzle is used so as to change it according to the desired flow rate.

Sur la figure 2, on distingue une buse de diffusion 6 selon l'invention. Elle comporte un connecteur de fixation 7 de forme cylindrique dotée d'un pas 8 sur sa surface intérieure. Ce connecteur de fixation peut simplement être de type micro présentant une surface latérale externe de forme hexagonale aux carrés offrant une prise pour une clé de serrage. Cette surface latérale externe que également simplement présenté, comme on le voit sur la figure 2, deux chanfreins opposés 9 pour une prise au moyen d'une clé de serrage.On the figure 2 , there is a diffusion nozzle 6 according to the invention. It comprises a fixing connector 7 of cylindrical shape with a pitch 8 on its inner surface. This fastening connector can simply be of the micro type having an outer hexagonal-shaped surface to the squares providing a socket for a wrench. This external side surface that also simply presented, as seen on the figure 2 two opposing chamfers 9 for gripping by means of a wrench.

Le connecteur de fixation est destiné à venir en prise avec une extrémité du circuit d'injection. Pour ce faire, les pas de vis 8 coopèrent avec des pas de vis correspondants de l'extrémité du circuit d'injection.The attachment connector is adapted to engage one end of the injection circuit. To do this, the threads 8 cooperate with corresponding threads of the end of the injection circuit.

Sur la figure 2, l'extrémité inférieure du connecteur de fixation 7 et connectée de façon étanche à un caisson 10 de forme cylindrique avec un diamètre de section supérieur au diamètre de section du connecteur de fixation.On the figure 2 the lower end of the fixing connector 7 and sealingly connected to a cylindrical box 10 with a section diameter greater than the section diameter of the fastening connector.

Le caisson 10 est constitué d'un corps cylindrique 10a fermé sur sa partie supérieure par un disque 10b, et sur sa partie inférieure d'un disque 10c. Le disque supérieur 10b présente une ouverture centrale dans laquelle est inséré de façon fixe et étanche le connecteur de fixation 7. Par conséquent, le flux d'un gaz provenant du circuit d'injection peut traverser le connecteur de fixation 7 et atteindre directement la chambre du caisson 10.The box 10 consists of a cylindrical body 10a closed on its upper part by a disk 10b, and on its lower part of a disk 10c. The upper disk 10b has a central opening in which is fixedly and sealingly inserted the fixing connector 7. Therefore, the flow of a gas from the injection circuit can pass through the fixing connector 7 and reach the chamber directly of the box 10.

De préférence, le disque inférieur 10c est un disque plein.Preferably, the lower disk 10c is a solid disk.

Selon l'invention, une mousse métallique 11 est disposée à l'intérieur du caisson 10 de façon à occuper tout l'espace intérieur.According to the invention, a metal foam 11 is disposed inside the box 10 so as to occupy the entire interior space.

Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 3, le caisson 10 est un support maintenant la mousse métallique en place et directement face au passage intérieur du connecteur de fixation 7.As can be seen on the figure 3 , the box 10 is a support holding the metal foam in place and directly facing the inner passage of the fixing connector 7.

De préférence, la mousse métallique 11 est disposée en butée sur l'extrémité inférieure du connecteur de fixation 7.Preferably, the metal foam 11 is disposed in abutment with the lower end of the fixing connector 7.

Le corps cylindrique 10a du caisson 10, est doté d'une multitude de trous 12 pour le passage latéral du flux de case injectée via le connecteur de fixation. Avec un disque inférieur 10c plein, on privilégie ainsi un flux de sortie latérale de façon à éviter d'insuffler le gaz directement en direction des composants électroniques se trouvant pas la pièce. En effet les buses de diffusion sont généralement disposées en hauteur.The cylindrical body 10a of the box 10, is provided with a multitude of holes 12 for the lateral passage of the box flow injected via the fixing connector. With a lower disk 10c full, it thus favors a lateral outlet flow so as to avoid blowing the gas directly towards the electronic components located in the room. Indeed the diffusion nozzles are generally arranged in height.

A titre d'exemple, le caisson peut être constitué d'un matériau en inox ou en plastique. La hauteur de ce caisson peut-être de 70 mm, un diamètre de 60 mm, avec des trous 12 d'un diamètre d'environ 6.5mm. Les trous 12 sont au nombre de 48 et sont régulièrement répartis sur le corps cylindrique 10a.For example, the box may be made of a material of stainless steel or plastic. The height of this box may be 70 mm, a diameter of 60 mm, with holes 12 with a diameter of about 6.5 mm. The holes 12 are 48 in number and are evenly distributed on the cylindrical body 10a.

Le support selon l'invention permet ainsi de diffuser le gaz latéralement sur 360°.The support according to the invention thus makes it possible to diffuse the gas laterally over 360 °.

La mousse métallique 11 remplit complètement le volume intérieur du caisson 10 et présente des dimensions avec une hauteur de 60 mm et un diamètre de 51 mm.The metal foam 11 completely fills the interior volume of the box 10 and has dimensions with a height of 60 mm and a diameter of 51 mm.

Bien que la mousse métallique puisse être constituée d'un seul bloc, dans l'exemple de la figure 3, il s'agit de 6 blocs cylindriques superposés les uns sur les autres.Although the metal foam can consist of a single block, in the example of the figure 3 it is 6 cylindrical blocks superimposed on each other.

La mousse métallique utilisée est une mousse solide constituée majoritairement de nickel et de chrome et présente une porosité de 92. 2 % soit une densité relative de 7.8 %. Il s'agit d'une mousse métallique à pores ouverts offrant une grande compacité et autorisant des débits élevés tout en réduisant le bruit généré lors du passage d'un flux de case. Dans le cas présent, des essais ont montré qu'un passage dans la buse de diffusion selon l'invention d'un gaz ayant 60bars en entrée et 5bars à la sortie permettait d'atteindre un niveau de bruit inférieur à 100 dB alors que dans des buses de diffusion selon l'état de la technique antérieure le bruit atteint facilement 120 à 130 dB.The metal foam used is a solid foam mainly consisting of nickel and chromium and has a porosity of 92.2%, ie a relative density of 7.8%. It is an open-pore metal foam that offers great compactness and allows high flow rates while reducing the noise generated during the passage of a box flow. In the present case, tests have shown that a passage in the diffusion nozzle according to the invention of a gas having 60bars input and 5bars at the output allowed to reach a noise level of less than 100 dB whereas in diffusion nozzles according to the state of the prior art the noise easily reaches 120 to 130 dB.

La buse de diffusion selon l'invention est un matériau résistant à la variation de la température entre -40° jusqu'à environ 50°. Ce matériau est également résistant à l'eau. Ces caractéristiques sont des avantages non négligeables dans la mesure où la détente d'un gaz peut considérablement baisser la température et par la suite provoquer des condensations.The diffusion nozzle according to the invention is a material resistant to temperature variation between -40 ° to about 50 °. This material is also water resistant. These characteristics are significant advantages in that the expansion of a gas can considerably lower the temperature and subsequently cause condensation.

Contrairement à une utilisation classique de la mousse métallique pour atténuer le flux, dans le cas présent, on utilise la mousse métallique pour atténuer le bruit tout en conservant un débit de gaz élevé, en tout état de cause adapté à une utilisation dans un système d'incendie, par exemple en fonction de la pression ce débit peut aller globalement jusqu'à 60 m3/mn.In contrast to a conventional use of metal foam to attenuate the flow, in this case the metal foam is used to attenuate the noise while maintaining a high gas flow rate, in any case suitable for use in a heating system. fire, for example depending on the pressure this flow can generally go up to 60 m3 / min.

La figure 6 est un schéma simplifié d'un bloc de mousse métallique. L'élément constitué est compact, solide, capable de ne pas se déformer par l'impact du flux de gaz.The figure 6 is a simplified diagram of a block of metal foam. The constituent element is compact, solid, capable of not being deformed by the impact of the gas flow.

Toujours dans le cadre de l'invention, un autre exemple de buse de diffusion est illustré sur la figure 4. Le connecteur de fixation peut avantageusement être du même type que celui décrit sur la figure 2. Par contre le support est complètement différent. Il ne s'agit plus d'un caisson mais d'un corps cylindrique 13 non fermé sur sa partie inférieure, le disque supérieur étant ouvert sur sa partie centrale identiquement au mode de réalisation de la figure 2. Le flux de gaz 14 traverse le connecteur de fixation 7 pour attaquer directement la mousse métallique 11. Cette dernière est fixée au corps cylindrique 13 par collage, par vissage, à l'aide de crochets ou par tout autre moyen permettant de maintenir en place la mousse métallique, notamment lors de l'impact du flux de gaz 14. Dans ce mode de réalisation, le gaz diffuse sur tout le pourtour de la mousse métallique non couverte par le corps cylindrique 13. La diffusion se fait ainsi à travers les parois latérales et la base de la mousse métallique..Still within the scope of the invention, another example of a diffusion nozzle is illustrated on the figure 4 . The fixing connector may advantageously be of the same type as that described on the figure 2 . On the other hand, the support is completely different. It is no longer a box but a cylindrical body 13 not closed on its lower part, the upper disk being open on its central part identically to the embodiment of the figure 2 . The flow of gas 14 passes through the fixing connector 7 to directly attack the metal foam 11. The latter is fixed to the cylindrical body 13 by gluing, by screwing, using hooks or by any other means to hold in place the metal foam, in particular during the impact of the gas flow 14. In this embodiment, the gas diffuses all around the metal foam not covered by the cylindrical body 13. The diffusion is thus through the side walls and the base of the metal foam ..

Sur la figure 5 est illustré un autre exemple de buse de diffusion selon l'invention. Le connecteur de fixation peut avantageusement être du même type que celui décrit sur la figure 2. Le support seul est représenté sans la mousse métallique. Le support est un cadre comprenant un disque supérieure comme le disque 10b décrit précédemment, et un disque inférieur plein comme le disque 10c décrit précédemment. Les deux disques sont reliés entre eux par des tiges rigides, semi-rigides voire souples. Ces tiges sont u nombre de deux ou plus.On the figure 5 another example of a diffusion nozzle according to the invention is illustrated. The fixing connector may advantageously be of the same type as that described on the figure 2 . The support alone is shown without the metal foam. The medium is a frame comprising an upper disk like the disk 10b described above, and a lower disk full like the disk 10c described above. The two discs are interconnected by rigid, semi-rigid or even flexible rods. These stems are u number of two or more.

La mousse métallique peut librement diffuser sur une grande partie de sa surface latérale. Le disque inférieur 16 est plein mais il peut également être simplement un cercle relié aux tiges. Le disque supérieur 17 peut également être un cercle relié au connecteur de fixation par des tiges rigides, semi-rigides voire souples (non représentées).The metal foam can freely diffuse over a large part of its lateral surface. The lower disk 16 is full but it can also be simply a circle connected to the rods. The upper disc 17 may also be a circle connected to the fastening connector by rigid rods, semi-rigid or flexible (not shown).

Bien sûr, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples qui viennent d'être décrits et de nombreux aménagements peuvent être apportés à ces exemples sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. D'autres formes de mousse métallique peuvent être utilisées, notamment sphérique ou de forme complexe. Le support en forme de caisson peut avoir une partie (corps cylindrique et le disque inférieur) amovible de façon à avoir un corps cylindrique avec des trous adaptés au débit de gaz souhaité.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples that have just been described and many adjustments can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the invention. Other forms of metal foam may be used, in particular spherical or of complex shape. The box-shaped support may have a removable portion (cylindrical body and lower disc) so as to have a cylindrical body with holes adapted to the desired gas flow rate.

Claims (14)

  1. Diffusion nozzle, for injecting a gas under pressure into a room, this nozzle comprising a support provided with a fastening connector for fastening the support to an injection circuit, characterized in that it comprises:
    - a solid metallic foam held by the support so that the gas originating from the injection circuit passes through the metallic foam before diffusing into the room, this metallic foam being constituted by several materials, including nickel and chromium, in proportions of 60-80% and 15-40% respectively, and having a porosity greater than 90%.
  2. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the metallic foam is a metallic foam with open pores or that is cross-linked.
  3. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic foam has a porosity equal to 92.2%.
  4. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic foam has an average density of 0.45 to 0.9 grams per cubic centimetre.
  5. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the metallic foam has open pores, it has a number of pores per inch, i.e. 2.54 cm, comprised between 17 and 23.
  6. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that when the metallic foam has open pores, it has an estimated average pore diameter between 0.6 and 1.4 mm.
  7. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic foam it constituted by several pre-cut blocks or a single piece.
  8. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metallic foam is cylindrical in shape.
  9. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support comprises a casing completely containing the metallic foam, openings being made on the side walls of this casing for the lateral diffusion of the gas.
  10. Nozzle according to claim 9, characterized in that the number of openings is a function of the desired flow rate in the room and of the pressure at the inlet of the metallic foam.
  11. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support partially covers the metallic foam.
  12. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening connector is tubular in shape, one end of which is in direct contact with a surface of the metallic foam.
  13. Nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the fastening connector is tubular in shape, one end of which is introduced into the metallic foam.
  14. Nozzle according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support is made from plastic or metal.
EP17151169.4A 2016-01-22 2017-01-12 Silent gas-diffusion nozzle Active EP3195905B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1650507A FR3046943B1 (en) 2016-01-22 2016-01-22 SILENT NOZZLE FOR GAS DIFFUSION.

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EP3195905A1 EP3195905A1 (en) 2017-07-26
EP3195905B1 true EP3195905B1 (en) 2019-03-13

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11117007B2 (en) 2017-11-10 2021-09-14 Carrier Corporation Noise reducing fire suppression nozzles
CN112218689A (en) * 2018-08-02 2021-01-12 开利公司 Low noise nozzle assembly for fire suppression systems
WO2021154287A1 (en) * 2020-01-31 2021-08-05 Carrier Corporation Low noise discharge nozzle

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1317475B1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2003-07-09 Vesta S R L NOZZLE SILENCED FOR THE DISCHARGE OF EXTINGUISHING GASES.
TWI566804B (en) * 2012-02-21 2017-01-21 高壓股份有限公司 Injection head having silencing function for gas-type fire extinguisher
EP2881666A1 (en) * 2013-12-09 2015-06-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Nozzle holder made of metallic foam

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EP3195905A1 (en) 2017-07-26
FR3046943A1 (en) 2017-07-28

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