EP3188860A1 - Method for producing iron metal castings - Google Patents

Method for producing iron metal castings

Info

Publication number
EP3188860A1
EP3188860A1 EP15753958.6A EP15753958A EP3188860A1 EP 3188860 A1 EP3188860 A1 EP 3188860A1 EP 15753958 A EP15753958 A EP 15753958A EP 3188860 A1 EP3188860 A1 EP 3188860A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
casting
lost
cavity
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15753958.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3188860B1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Peter Puy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huppert Engineering & Co KG GmbH
Original Assignee
Huppert Engineering & Co KG GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huppert Engineering & Co KG GmbH filed Critical Huppert Engineering & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP3188860A1 publication Critical patent/EP3188860A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3188860B1 publication Critical patent/EP3188860B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
    • B22C21/12—Accessories
    • B22C21/14—Accessories for reinforcing or securing moulding materials or cores, e.g. gaggers, chaplets, pins, bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/065—Cooling or heating equipment for moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088—Feeder heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B22D15/04—Machines or apparatus for chill casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/04—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for joining parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B22D29/001—Removing cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B22D29/04—Handling or stripping castings or ingots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying
    • B22C5/085—Cooling or drying the sand together with the castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
    • B22D33/005—Transporting flaskless moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of ferrous metal casts. Casting processes are typically differentiated according to their method of production, with particular distinction being made between casting in a lost mold and casting in a permanent mold, for example chill casting and die casting.
  • the inventive method combines the two casting techniques by a lost form is used with a cavity for receiving the cast iron in an open multi-part mold. Also such
  • EP 1 131 175 B1 deals with a method and a device for casting cast iron in a mold, the inner walls of which are in contact with a mold made of a hardening molding material or green sand. After the mold has been introduced into the mold, the side parts of the mold are closed and subjected to a variable contact pressure by means of a pressure device. The mold is cooled by means of a cooling device after introduction of the melt. It is proposed for this purpose to control the cooling rate throughout the cooling process until the completion of the perlite transformation in order to ensure the desired mechanical properties of the casting.
  • This or a similar device consisting of a lost mold and a mold enclosing this lost mold makes use of the following invention. On this basis, it is an object of the present invention to make the process for producing metal castings even more efficient and flexible.
  • the object is achieved by a method for producing Eisenmetallgdorfn with the features of claim 1.
  • the method comprises the following steps:
  • a lost mold having a cavity for receiving casting material is inserted into an open multi-part mold
  • the cavity of the lost mold is filled with casting material, whereby a carrying device partially projecting into the cavity of the lost mold is partially surrounded with the casting material, the lost mold is cooled after filling in the mold, -
  • the multi-part mold is opened during cooling after falling below the liquidus, preferably after falling below the solidus temperature and particularly preferably before the casting has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature, and removed the lost form with the casting destructive from the open mold,
  • the casting is removed from the mold by removing the lost mold.
  • the lost forms are made of sand, in particular of chemically bonded molding sand, in the usual way, for example in a croning,
  • Cold box, hot box, furan, or water glass CO2 process and hereinafter also referred to as sand mold or Kernpacket.
  • Iron cast iron is used to summarize castings from all iron-carbon compounds, regardless of their carbon content, ie cast iron and steels.
  • Casting material in the sense of this document is understood to mean the melt of the iron metal casting. Is this (at least partially) solidified, it is spoken by casting or casting.
  • the mold is preferably a metallic mold, for example of steel, cast iron or brass, but may also consist of another mold material, such as graphite.
  • the fundamental difference of the method according to the invention for producing iron metal casts in comparison to the known methods is a two-stage cooling and demolding process.
  • a first cooling (first cooling stage) of the casting at least until it falls below the liquidus temperature, preferably until it falls below the solidus temperature and preferably before the casting has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature, takes place in the mold still within the mold.
  • Lower temperature limit up to which the core is cooled down in the first chill stage can be specified as 723 ° C.
  • the device described in DE 10 2010 035 440 A is advantageously used. Accordingly, the method according to the invention preferably provides that the lost shape is replaced by a one between the
  • the cooling medium is preferably air or an inert gas
  • the cavity may be formed in the form of one or more cooling channels arranged spirally around the mold
  • the casting temperature of the lost mold is in the latter case measured during cooling before the mold is removed, preferably on the suspension, which can be non-contact, for example optically
  • this can also be time-controlled, mass-controlled, and / or module-controlled (that is, depending on the surface-to-volume ratio, also called the solidification ratio) by requiring a coolant a predetermined one Cooling rate before (calculated) determined and the coolant flow is programmed accordingly.
  • the desired material properties are known to be determined by the choice of the carbon content, the alloy composition and, depending on the individual microstructural transformation. temperatures, adjusted by respectively adapted cooling programs.
  • the removal of the mold-casting unit from the mold plays a decisive role, which ends the first cooling stage during Austenit Bear or solidification or after their completion and initiates a second cooling stage.
  • the time of removal is accordingly at the earliest after reaching the liquidus temperature. Taking into account a temperature gradient towards the walls of the casting, superficial solidification has already been used, which gives the casting sufficient stability, while the core of the casting can then still contain fractions of melt.
  • the casting in the core has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature.
  • the exact temperature depends in each case on the desired structure state (austenite, coarse / fine-grained pearlite, coarse-fine-grained ferrite, etc.) and the chemical composition, the alloying elements, in particular the carbon content in the material.
  • the second cooling stage is thus at the earliest initiated, depending on the desired structure and the casting properties, if the casting is at least partially solidified, so the Austenit Guess sets or advantageously completed, and preferably until reaching the eutectoid transformation temperature (723 ° C).
  • the mold is opened and removed the form with the solidified casting from this non-destructive.
  • the mold remains surrounding the casting and acts thereafter as a heat-insulating or -regulierendes material. Without further measures, a uniform cooling over the surface of the casting, which is still enclosed in the mold, is ensured while the mold is exposed to the ambient conditions. Only at the end of the second cooling step, the casting is removed from the mold.
  • the shape is to be designed according to the required cooling performance, ie in particular the wall thickness of the mold taking into account the surface-to-volume ratio of the casting, the ambient conditions and the desired material structure of the To design castings.
  • the thermal conditions in a refrigerator understood that the lost form including casting supplied to the support hanging and in which it is further cooled.
  • constant thermal conditions and a rapid removal of the heat introduced by sufficient circulation / sufficient replacement of the coolant preferably turn air or an inert gas can be adjusted.
  • the cooling is controlled or regulated by monitoring the temperature of the mold and / or the casting.
  • the casting temperature of the lost mold is again measured during cooling after removal of the mold again preferably on the suspension. Again, this can be done without contact, for example optically by means of an infrared camera, or by means of temperature sensors.
  • the second cooling stage is completed when the desired target temperature for removal of the casting from the core package, the unpacking temperature of preferably ⁇ 300 ° C is reached, at which the temperature profile of the further cooling has no influence on the microstructure.
  • the carrying device is used together with a feeder cap in the lost mold before it is inserted into the opened mold.
  • a feeder cap with suspension is known for example from the document DE 10 2010 051 348 A.
  • the mold can be prepared immediately after removal of the mold for the next casting operation, i. Among other things, be equipped with the next lost form.
  • the method is therefore very efficient and cost-effective, because at the same throughput a smaller number of molds is needed. Also, the process is very flexible and again inexpensive, because different castings can be made with the same mold by using different lost shapes.
  • the foundry does not need to hold a large number of different molds. The most versatile is a cylindrical mold for this purpose.
  • the cavity of the lost mold is filled with melt from below in ascending order.
  • Particularly preferred in this case is the application of the low-pressure casting process.
  • this can advantageously be closed by means of a gate valve.
  • the cooling of the lost mold starts immediately after the closure thereof by means of a gate valve.
  • An advantageous development of the invention provides that, during the filling of the cavity of the lost mold with casting material, casting gases are sucked off through a cavity arranged between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the lost mold.
  • the cavity for the primary cooling and the cavity for sucking off the casting gas is preferably the same.
  • the cavity thus preferably has a dual function, as an exhaust pipe during casting and as coolant supply and discharge to the casting or to the lost form during the first cooling stage of the casting. It is advantageous that the cavity can be easily connected to a closed exhaust system that disposed of the exhaust gases targeted before they can get into the environment. Large-dimensioned exhaust hoods and corresponding piping systems, which circulate a lot of secondary air, can thus be avoided.
  • the mold i. the mold walls, cooled directly after filling ("secondary cooling") .
  • secondary cooling is done in specially provided for this purpose in the mold wall cooling pipes, which are also flowed through with coolant.
  • Another advantageous development of the invention provides that the lost shape is held by means of negative pressure in the mold when it is inserted into the opened multi-part mold.
  • the lost form and the mold on matching elements that are inserted into each other when inserting the lost form in the open multi-part mold and so a defined position of the mold in the mold to ensure.
  • the cooperating mating elements are therefore also called core bearings.
  • the fitting elements and the vacuum holder can be combined, as will be explained below with reference to embodiments.
  • Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a lost form during the
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of the filling step based on a second embodiment of the combined lost mold with mold
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of the primary cooling of the combined lost ones
  • Figure 4 is an illustration of the opening of the combined lost form with
  • Figure 5 shows a third embodiment of a combined lost form
  • Figure 6 shows a fourth embodiment of a combined lost form
  • Figure 7 shows a fifth embodiment of a combined lost form
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of the process of the invention
  • FIG. 1 shows a lost mold 10 having a cavity 12 for receiving casting material.
  • the cavity 12 has an inner surface which images the outer contour of the casting to be produced.
  • the lost mold 10 consists of a preferably chemically bonded molding sand, which forms an intrinsically stable structure.
  • a carrying device 14 is fixed by means of two first anchor elements 16.
  • the carrying device is already sufficiently connected to the mold 10 in order to carry its own weight.
  • the carrying device furthermore has a second anchor element 18, which projects through the wall of the mold 10 into the cavity 12, in order later to be partially surrounded by the casting material.
  • the subsequent filling of the cavity 12 in the lost mold 10 is carried out in a conventional manner by one or more gates 20, which or preferably open from below into the cavity 12, so that the cavity 12 of the lost form rising from below with cast material, particularly preferred can be filled in the low-pressure casting process.
  • the lost mold 10 is first inserted into a first part, here in a first half 22, of an open multi-part mold before filling with casting material in the manner shown in Figure 1 before the mold is closed by the second half 24 with the first Half 22 is assembled.
  • the lost form 10 is first recorded in the first half 22 of the mold and after closing the mold and in the second half 24 of the mold, both the lost form 10 and the halves of the mold 22, 24 fitting elements 26 and 28, which are complementary to each other.
  • the mating elements of the lost form 10 are in Shape of a plurality of circumferentially projecting from an outer wall 30 of the mold 10 lugs 26 formed.
  • the mold halves 22, 24 each have complementary recesses 28 in their inner walls 32.
  • the cooperating fitting elements 26 and 28 form the so-called core bearings 34.
  • the mold halves 22, 24 also have connecting channels 36 between the recesses 28 on the one hand and an outer side 38 of the mold halves 22 and 24.
  • a suction line (not shown) can be connected to the connecting channels 32 on the outside 34, so that a negative pressure can be generated between the inner wall 32 and the outer wall 30.
  • the mold 10 is thereby sucked with its projections 26 into the recess 28 of the Kokillenhnature 22 and held by the sustained negative pressure in this until the mold is closed. Thereafter, the negative pressure is no longer needed and the suction line can be removed or the negative pressure can be deactivated.
  • connection 32 can also engage at another location of the interface between the lost mold 10 and the multi-part mold, so that the fitting elements and the connection channels for vacuum fixing are spatially separated from each other. In the manner shown, however, the fitting elements and the means for vacuum fixation are combined in an advantageous manner.
  • a cavity 40 is arranged, which serves as a conduit for a cooling medium for cooling the lost mold, so the primary cooling.
  • the cavity 40 as circumferentially closed coolant line is formed only when joining the lost mold 10 and the mold, because it is formed in half in the outer wall 30 in the form of an open spiral or helical channel 42 and 44, respectively.
  • a circumferential cavity can also be provided several cavities. Also, this does not have to be arranged in a spiral or helical shape around the lost mold 10 but can for example also be configured in a meandering or intersecting manner in a lattice-like manner.
  • the cavity 40 has at least two connecting channels 46 and 48 to the outside of the mold, so that it can be connected to a circulation system or a supply system for a cooling medium.
  • a further line system 50 is provided in the mold walls, which in turn is guided by connections not shown to the outside and can be connected to a circulation or supply system for a further cooling medium.
  • FIG. 2 shows the method step of filling the cavity 12 of the lost mold 10 with cast material 54.
  • the casting material 54 is introduced from below through the gate 20 into the cavity 12 of the lost mold 10 after the mold has been closed by joining the Kokillenhworthn 22 and 24.
  • casting gases in the cavity 12 are led out through the porous structure of the sand mold 10 into the cavity 40 between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the sand mold 10 and from there through the connecting channel 48 from the mold.
  • the connecting channel 48 is marked as an exhaust air duct.
  • the connecting channel 46 is kept closed in this case, for example by means of a plug or a valve (both not shown). However, the casting gas can also be sucked in the opposite direction via the connecting channel 46 or simultaneously via both connecting channels 46 and 48.
  • the lost mold 10 has a further cavity above the cavity 12 for the casting into which a feeder cap 52 has previously been inserted, as described in DE 10 2010 051 348 A is described.
  • the feeder cap 52 serves to receive casting material 54 and has heat-insulating and / or exothermic properties in order to keep the enclosed casting material liquid for a longer time while it is already beginning to solidify in the cavity 12. The onset of solidification shrinkage of the casting material 54 is thus compensated with the warmer and lower-viscosity melt in the feeder cap 52.
  • the carrying device 14 is designed differently in this example. This has an engaging into the cavity of the feeder cap 52 anchoring element 18, which is sufficiently firmly connected to the feeder cap and / or the mold 10 in order to carry their own weight can. After the introduced casting material 54 is solidified around the anchor member 18 around, the load is also or even predominantly supported by the resulting compound and the casting can be held together with mold 10 on the support device.
  • the gate 20 is closed by means of a locking slide 55, so that the mold with the lost form can be removed from the filling station.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the method step of cooling the lost mold 10 in the mold after filling, ie the primary cooling.
  • This step preferably begins after the closure of the lost mold 10 by means of a gate valve 55 so that the solidification of the casting material does not start during the filling process.
  • a cooling medium is introduced through the previously described connection channel 46 into the cavity 40 and out through the connection channel 48 therefrom, whereby heat is removed from the lost mold 10.
  • the cavity 40 in a simple way the dual function as an exhaust pipe during the illustrated in Figure 2 casting and as supply and discharge of a cooling medium during the in 3 can serve primary cooling step, in the supply lines (not shown) to the compounds 46 and 48 are preferably each provided a valve.
  • the supply lines can thus either be closed, connected to coolant lines or to exhaust pipes.
  • the primary cooling is carried out until the casting is at least partially solidified and the casting 56 has a stable structure.
  • the primary cooling and thus the first cooling stage can take longer. Basically, it makes sense for Efficiency reasons to turn off the primary cooling with the removal of the mold-casting unit from the mold and thus immediacy with the completion of the first cooling stage.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the step of opening the mold subsequent to the primary cooling.
  • the two halves 22 and 24 of the mold are moved away from each other, while the lost mold 10 is held suspended from the support device 14.
  • the carrying device 14 corresponds in the embodiment shown here to that shown in FIG. Because the casting is already solidified at least partially, particularly at the surface, it has inherent stability so that the load of the mold and casting is supported both through the connection of the support 14 to the mold 10 and to the casting 56 ,
  • the mold is removed without destruction from the mold and fed to the second cooling stage.
  • the mold 10 is transported into a cold room by desirably cooling down further under controlled or at least controlled thermal conditions until the molding temperature, preferably measured at the support 14, has reached the preset value, preferably then the case is when the desired unpacking temperature of For example, it has reached or fallen below 300 ° C. and the further cooling no longer has any influence on the microstructure and the casting properties.
  • FIG. 5 shows the combined lost mold 10 with mold with an alternative embodiment of the carrying device 14. This is simplified in comparison with the two carrying devices described above in that it has only a single anchor element 18, which passes through the lost mold 10 into the Casting 56 protrudes.
  • the anchor member 18 may be formed so that it is not suitable to carry the mold 10 without a casting, so that it will be handled in other ways when inserted into the mold.
  • structures (hooks or the like), not shown, may be provided along the surface of the anchoring element 18, which provide sufficient connection with the sand mold 10 to withstand the tensile stress of lifting and transporting the empty sand mold 10 to the support 14.
  • the lower end of the anchor member 18 otherwise protrudes into the cavity of the sand mold 10 in the manner already described above, so that it is connected after the solidification of the casting in the manner shown here with the casting 56 and is suitable by means of this connection, the sand mold 10 including casting 56 to wear.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modified embodiment of a combined lost mold 10 with mold once again with regard to the carrying device 14.
  • This embodiment combines the two first anchor elements 16, which according to the first embodiment in FIG. 1 extend into the sand mold 10, with a second anchor element 18 passing through the sand mold 10, which according to the second embodiment in FIG. 2 extends into the casting 56 and after which a feeder cap 52 is provided, which is integrated into the sand mold 10 and provides a cavity for the casting material.
  • Figure 7 shows a fifth embodiment of a combined lost mold 10 with mold, which differs, for example, from the embodiment shown in Figure 5 by additional blind holes 58 in the sand mold 10. The blind hole 58 in the mold 10 opens into a portion of the cavity 40 and thus expands its volume for receiving a cooling medium.
  • the arrangement of the blind holes 58 corresponds to portions of the sand mold 10 having a greater wall thickness to bring the coolant at these locations closer to the surface of the casting 56 or before solidification at the interface of the casting material to the mold 10.
  • a more uniform cooling of the surface of the casting or, if necessary, but also a targeted accelerated cooling of the casting at selected portions of the surface can be achieved with different wall thicknesses of the mold 10.
  • the blind holes and through holes and / or channels may be provided which accelerate the heat exchange and the cooling process at the appropriate points again or allow more precise control.
  • targeted cooling of larger local masses (thermal centers) and / or local microstructure optimization are thus possible.
  • the method comprises further method steps, which are preceded or followed by the actual casting process. It begins with a core manufacturing step 100 in which the lost mold is, for example, in a cold-box process, a hot-box process, a croning process, a furan resin
  • Process or a water glass CO2 process is preferably prepared as a chemically bonded sand mold.
  • This step 100 is preferably carried out under optical monitoring and computer-controlled. Once the sand mold has been produced, it is transferred to the next station fully automatically, manually or semi-automatically or preferably by means of a robot R1. At this the so-called Kernemontage 102 takes place.
  • the core package the lost form, as it is needed for the casting composed.
  • this step can be supplemented if necessary by additional core finishing, eg by means of a spray robot.
  • the core package assembly 102 is optionally followed by storage 104 of the core package. It is available in the warehouse on call. Depending on the number of pieces, process speed, core manufacturing conditions, and production process requirements, usually a certain number of core packages will be provided, or just-in-time production may be provided at optimum core production conditions without inventory if their production is just as fast or faster than those described below Work steps succeed.
  • the core package is removed from the core storage and fed to the next process step 106.
  • the removal and feeding is again preferably carried out fully automatically by a robot R2.
  • the central module for carrying out the method according to the invention is a so-called production island 11, also referred to as a "carousel”, on which at least 5, in this case, of the process steps essential to the invention are carried out as the first step 106 at a first workstation of the production island 11
  • An open, multi-part mold is used and these are closed, preferably in the manner described above with reference to FIG.
  • the workstation changes and in a step 108, the cavity of the lost mold with casting material, preferably filled in the low-pressure casting process. If the filling is completed, the lost form is closed by means of a gate valve and can then be supplied to the next step 1 10.
  • the mold changes again to the next workstation at which the first cooling step, so the primary cooling of the mold, and optionally simultaneously or sequentially use the secondary cooling of the mold.
  • the mold or more precisely the connection channels 46 and 48 described above, are connected to a coolant system, preferably to a coolant circuit.
  • conduit system 50 in the mold walls can also be connected to a coolant system, preferably a coolant circuit, and the coolant system (s) can be started.
  • the cooling operations of this operation 1 10 are particularly preferably controlled by monitoring the casting or mold temperature. This in turn can preferably be measured on the carrying device described above.
  • the cooling takes place in this embodiment, a total of three workstations, including in the steps 1 12 and 1 14.
  • the manufacturing island 11 moves so two working positions, so that the previous workstations in the meantime again to perform the steps 106 and 108 are available.
  • the ratio of the time required for inserting the mold 10 into the mold in step 106 and the filling in step 108 for the duration of the primary cooling process determines the number of workstations reserved for cooling.
  • the mold with the cooled lost mold 10 is subjected to the work step 16 in which the multi-part mold is opened, at the earliest after the casting, as described above, is at least partially solidified.
  • the lost shape on the carrying device becomes suspended in the manner described above taken from the opened mold. This is again done preferably fully automated by means of a robot R3 to ensure a non-destructive removal of the lost form.
  • the robot R3 then transfers the lost form to a cooling section, in which it is still cooled on the carrying device, step 1 18.
  • step 120 is then carried out, in which the casting is finally demoulded by mechanical removal of the lost mold.
  • This step is also referred to as "emptying" or "gross embarrassment”.
  • blasting 122 to rid the cast of sand residue.
  • the casting mold preferably fully automated by means of another robot R4, is fed to a separating station, which as the next step comprises the separation 124 of the feeder and / or the carrying device. This is followed in a manner known per se by the end control 126 and the transfer 128 to the shipping or the parts store.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing iron metal castings, wherein an expendable mold (10) having a cavity (12) for holding casting material (54) is inserted into an opened multi-part permanent mold (22, 24) (step 106), the permanent mold is closed (step 106), the cavity (12) is filled with casting material (54), wherein a supporting device (14) partially protruding into the cavity is partially overcast (step 108), the expendable mold (10) is cooled in the permanent mold after the filling (steps 110, 112, 114), the permanent mold is opened during the cooling, after the liquidus temperature has been fallen below at the earliest, and the expendable mold is nondestructively removed from the permanent mold together with the casting (step 116), the expendable mold (10) is further cooled together with the solidified casting while hanging on the supporting device (14), at least until the microstructure formation of the casting is concluded (step 118), the casting is demolded by removing the expendable mold (step 120).

Description

VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON EISENMETALLGÜSSEN  METHOD FOR PRODUCING IRON METAL GASES
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenmetallgüssen. Gießverfahren werden typischerweise nach ihrer Herstellungsart unterschieden, wobei insbesondere das Gießen in einer verlorenen Form und das Gießen in einer Dauerform, zum Beispiel der Kokillenguss und der Druckguss, unterschieden werden. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kombiniert die beiden Gusstechniken, indem eine verlorene Form mit einem Hohlraum zur Aufnahme des Gus- ses in eine geöffnete mehrteilige Kokille eingesetzt wird. Auch eine solcheThe invention relates to a method for the production of ferrous metal casts. Casting processes are typically differentiated according to their method of production, with particular distinction being made between casting in a lost mold and casting in a permanent mold, for example chill casting and die casting. The inventive method combines the two casting techniques by a lost form is used with a cavity for receiving the cast iron in an open multi-part mold. Also such
Kombination einer verlorenen Form mit einer Kokille ist grundsätzlich bekannt. Beispielhaft wird auf die Schriften EP 1 131 175 B1 und DE 10 2010 035 440 A1 verwiesen. Die EP 1 131 175 B1 befasst sich mit einem Verfahren und einer Vorrichtung zum Gießen von Gusseisen in einer Kokille, deren Innenwände in Kontakt mit einer Form aus einem härtenden Formmaterial oder Grünsand in Kontakt stehen. Nachdem die Form in die Kokille eingebracht wurde, werden die Seitenteile der Kokille geschlossen und mittels einer Druckeinrichtung einem variablen Anpressdruck ausgesetzt. Die Kokille wird mittels einer Kühleinrichtung nach dem Einbringen der Schmelze gekühlt. Es wird hierzu vorgeschlagen die Kühlgeschwindigkeit während des gesamten Kühlvorgangs, bis die Perlittransforma- tion abgeschlossen ist, zu steuern, um die erwünschten mechanischen Eigenschaften des Gusses sicher zu stellen. Ferner wird vorgeschlagen, die Kühlge- schwindigkeit in der Phase der Perlittransformation zu erhöhen, indem die Kokille geöffnet wird, wobei die entstehende Luftkühlung die Kühlgeschwindigkeit erhöht und zu einer erhöhten Festigkeit des Gusses führt. Alternativ wird vorgeschlagen, die Kühlgeschwindigkeit durch Öffnen der Kokille zu verringern, wenn sich die Temperatur des Gusses im Austenitbereich befindet. Hierzu soll das Gussstück unmittelbar nach dem Öffnen in ein isolierendes Medium eingebettet oder mit diesem abgedeckt und in diesem Zustand gehalten werden, bis die Temperatur des Gussstückes unter die Perlit-Transformationstemperatur gefallen ist. Die DE 10 2010 035 440 A1 schlägt vor, zur Erzielung einer besseren Steuerbarkeit der Kühlung des Gussteils zwischen der Innenwand der Kokille und der Außenwand der verlorenen Form (Sandform) wenigstens einen kühlmitteldurchströmten Raum bzw. einen spiralförmig um die Sandform angeordneten Kühlmittelkanal vorzusehen. Combination of a lost mold with a mold is basically known. For example, reference is made to the documents EP 1 131 175 B1 and DE 10 2010 035 440 A1. EP 1 131 175 B1 deals with a method and a device for casting cast iron in a mold, the inner walls of which are in contact with a mold made of a hardening molding material or green sand. After the mold has been introduced into the mold, the side parts of the mold are closed and subjected to a variable contact pressure by means of a pressure device. The mold is cooled by means of a cooling device after introduction of the melt. It is proposed for this purpose to control the cooling rate throughout the cooling process until the completion of the perlite transformation in order to ensure the desired mechanical properties of the casting. It is also proposed to increase the cooling speed in the phase of pearlite transformation by opening the mold, the resulting air cooling increasing the cooling rate and leading to increased strength of the casting. Alternatively, it is proposed to reduce the cooling rate by opening the mold when the temperature of the casting is in the austenite region. For this purpose, the casting should be embedded in an insulating medium immediately after opening or covered with this and held in this state until the temperature of the casting has fallen below the pearlite transformation temperature. DE 10 2010 035 440 A1 proposes, in order to achieve better controllability of the cooling of the casting between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the lost mold (sand mold) to provide at least one coolant-flowed space or a coolant channel arranged spirally around the sand mold.
Diese oder eine vergleichbare Vorrichtung bestehend aus einer verlorenen Form und einer diese verlorene Form einschließenden Kokille macht sich die folgende Erfindung zu Nutze. Hiervon ausgehend ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, das Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallgüssen noch effizienter und flexibler zu gestalten. This or a similar device consisting of a lost mold and a mold enclosing this lost mold makes use of the following invention. On this basis, it is an object of the present invention to make the process for producing metal castings even more efficient and flexible.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenmetallgüssen mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Das Verfahren weist die folgenden Schritte auf: The object is achieved by a method for producing Eisenmetallgüssen with the features of claim 1. The method comprises the following steps:
- eine verlorene Form mit einem Hohlraum zur Aufnahme von Gussmaterial wird in eine geöffnete mehrteilige Kokille eingesetzt, a lost mold having a cavity for receiving casting material is inserted into an open multi-part mold,
- die mehrteilige Kokille wird geschlossen, - the multi-part mold is closed,
- der Hohlraum der verlorenen Form wird mit Gussmaterial gefüllt, wobei eine in den Hohlraum der verlorenen Form teilweise hineinragende Tragevorrichtung teilweise mit dem Gussmaterial umgössen wird, die verlorene Form wird nach dem Füllen in der Kokille gekühlt, - die mehrteilige Kokille wird während des Abkühlens nach dem Unterschreiten der Liquidustemperatur, vorzugsweise nach dem Unterschreiten der Solidustemperatur und besonders bevorzugt noch bevor der Guss die eutektoide Umwandlungstemperatur erreicht hat, geöffnet und die verlorene Form mit dem Guss zerstörungsfrei aus der geöffneten Kokille entnommen, the cavity of the lost mold is filled with casting material, whereby a carrying device partially projecting into the cavity of the lost mold is partially surrounded with the casting material, the lost mold is cooled after filling in the mold, - The multi-part mold is opened during cooling after falling below the liquidus, preferably after falling below the solidus temperature and particularly preferably before the casting has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature, and removed the lost form with the casting destructive from the open mold,
- an der Tragvorrichtung hängend weiter gekühlt, mindestens bis die Gefü- gebildung des Gusses abgeschlossen ist, - Continue to be cooled on the supporting device, at least until the structure of the casting has been completed,
- der Guss wird durch Entfernen der verlorenen Form entformt. - The casting is removed from the mold by removing the lost mold.
Die verlorenen Formen werden aus Sand, insbesondere aus chemisch gebun- denem Formsand, in üblicher Weise beispielsweise in einem Croning-, The lost forms are made of sand, in particular of chemically bonded molding sand, in the usual way, for example in a croning,
Coldbox-, Hotbox-, Furan-, oder Wasserglas- CO2-Verfahren hergestellt und hierin nach folgend auch als Sandform oder Kernpacket bezeichnet.  Cold box, hot box, furan, or water glass CO2 process and hereinafter also referred to as sand mold or Kernpacket.
Unter Eisenmetallguss werden Güsse aus allen Eisen-Kohlenstoff- Verbindungen, unabhängig vom Kohlenstoffgehalt zusammengefasst, also Gusseisen und Stähle. Unter Gussmaterial im Sinne dieser Schrift wird die Schmelze des Eisenmetallgusses verstanden. Ist diese (zumindest teilweise) erstarrt, wird von Guss oder Gussteil gesprochen. Die Kokille ist vorzugsweise eine metallische Kokille, beispielsweise aus Stahl, Gusseisen oder Messing, kann aber auch aus einem anderen Kokillenwerkstoff, wie zum Beispiel aus Graphit, bestehen. Iron cast iron is used to summarize castings from all iron-carbon compounds, regardless of their carbon content, ie cast iron and steels. Casting material in the sense of this document is understood to mean the melt of the iron metal casting. Is this (at least partially) solidified, it is spoken by casting or casting. The mold is preferably a metallic mold, for example of steel, cast iron or brass, but may also consist of another mold material, such as graphite.
Der grundlegende Unterschied des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zum Her- stellen von Eisenmetallgüssen im Vergleich zu den bekannten Verfahren ist ein zweistufiger Abkühl- und Entformungsprozess. Ein erstes Abkühlen (erste Abkühlstufe) des Gusses mindestens bis zum Unterschreiten der Liquidus- temperatur, vorzugsweise bis zum Unterschreiten der Solidustemperatur und vorzugsweise noch bevor der Guss die eutektoide Umwandlungstemperatur erreicht hat, erfolgt in der Form noch innerhalb der Kokille. Die bevorzugteThe fundamental difference of the method according to the invention for producing iron metal casts in comparison to the known methods is a two-stage cooling and demolding process. A first cooling (first cooling stage) of the casting at least until it falls below the liquidus temperature, preferably until it falls below the solidus temperature and preferably before the casting has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature, takes place in the mold still within the mold. The preferred
Temperaturuntergrenze, bis zu der der Guss im Kern in der ersten Abküflstufe höchstens herunter gekühlt wird, kann mit 723°C angegeben werden. Hierbei kommt vorteilhafter Weise die in der DE 10 2010 035 440 A beschriebene Vorrichtung zum Einsatz. Demnach sieht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren vor- zugsweise vor, dass die verlorene Form von einem durch eine zwischen derLower temperature limit up to which the core is cooled down in the first chill stage can be specified as 723 ° C. In this case, the device described in DE 10 2010 035 440 A is advantageously used. Accordingly, the method according to the invention preferably provides that the lost shape is replaced by a one between the
Innenwand der Kokille und der Außenwand der verlorenen Form angeordneten Kavität strömenden Kühlmittel gekühlt wird. Dieser Schritt wird hierin nachfolgend auch als„primäre Kühlung" bezeichnet. Das Kühlmedium ist bevorzugt Luft oder ein inertes Gas. Die Kavität kann in Form von einem oder mehreren spiralförmig um die Form verlaufend angeordneten Kühlkanälen gebildet werden. Der Kühlvorgang erfolgt vorzugsweise gesteuert oder geregelt und beginnt vorzugsweise nach dem Füllen der Form. In Ausnahmefälle kann er auch schon während der Formfüllung starten. Die Gusstemperatur der verlorenen Form wird in letzterem Fall während des Kühlens vor dem Entfernen der Kokille vorzugs- weise an der Aufhängung gemessen. Dies kann berührungsfrei, beispielsweise optisch mittels Infrarotkamera, oder mittels Thermofühler geschehen. Neben einer temperaturgeregelten Kühlmittelströmung kann diese auch zeit-, massen-, und/oder modulgesteuert (also in Abhängigkeit vom Oberflächen- zu-Volumen- Verhältnis, auch Erstarrungsverhältnis genannt) erfolgen, indem ein Kühlmittel- bedarf für eine vorbestimmte Abkühlrate vorher (rechnerisch) ermittelt und die Kühlmittelströmung entsprechend programmiert wird. Inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the lost mold arranged cavity cooling coolant is cooled. This step is also referred to hereinafter as "primary cooling." The cooling medium is preferably air or an inert gas The cavity may be formed in the form of one or more cooling channels arranged spirally around the mold The casting temperature of the lost mold is in the latter case measured during cooling before the mold is removed, preferably on the suspension, which can be non-contact, for example optically In addition to a temperature-controlled coolant flow, this can also be time-controlled, mass-controlled, and / or module-controlled (that is, depending on the surface-to-volume ratio, also called the solidification ratio) by requiring a coolant a predetermined one Cooling rate before (calculated) determined and the coolant flow is programmed accordingly.
Die gewünschten Materialeigenschaften (Festigkeit, Härte, Duktilität, etc.) werden bekanntlich durch Wahl des Kohlenstoffgehaltes, der Legierungszusam- mensetzung und, in Abhängigkeit von den individuellen Gefügeumwandlungs- temperaturen, durch jeweils angepasste Abkühlprogramme eingestellt. Dabei spielt die Entnahme der Form-Guss-Einheit aus der Kokille eine entscheidende Rolle, die die erste Abkühlstufe während der Austenitbildung bzw. Erstarrung oder nach deren Abschluss beendet und eine zweite Abkühlstufe einleitet. Der Zeitpunkt der Entnahme ist demgemäß frühestens nach Erreichen der Liquidus- temperatur. Unter Berücksichtigung eines Temperaturgefälles zu den Wandungen des Gusses hin, hat bereits eine oberflächliche Erstarrung eingesetzt, die dem Guss eine ausreichende Stabilität verleiht, während der Kern des Gusses dann noch Anteile von Schmelze enthalten kann. Vorzugsweise wartet man mit der Entnahme, bis der Guss auch im Inneren die Solidustemperatur erreicht hat, und nicht länger, als bis der Guss im Kern die eutektoide Umwandlungstemperatur erreicht hat. Die genaue Temperatur hängt jeweils von dem gewünschten Gefügezustand (Austenit, grober/ feinstreifiger Perlit, grober-feinkörniger Ferrit, etc.) und der chemischen Zusammensetzung, den Legierungselementen, insbe- sondere dem Kohlenstoffanteil in dem Werkstoff ab. The desired material properties (strength, hardness, ductility, etc.) are known to be determined by the choice of the carbon content, the alloy composition and, depending on the individual microstructural transformation. temperatures, adjusted by respectively adapted cooling programs. In this case, the removal of the mold-casting unit from the mold plays a decisive role, which ends the first cooling stage during Austenitbildung or solidification or after their completion and initiates a second cooling stage. The time of removal is accordingly at the earliest after reaching the liquidus temperature. Taking into account a temperature gradient towards the walls of the casting, superficial solidification has already been used, which gives the casting sufficient stability, while the core of the casting can then still contain fractions of melt. It is preferable to wait until the casting has reached inside the solidus temperature inside, and not longer, until the casting in the core has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature. The exact temperature depends in each case on the desired structure state (austenite, coarse / fine-grained pearlite, coarse-fine-grained ferrite, etc.) and the chemical composition, the alloying elements, in particular the carbon content in the material.
Die zweite Abkühlstufe wird also in Abhängigkeit vom gewünschten Gefüge und den Gussteileigenschaften frühestens dann eingeleitet, wenn der Guss zumindest teilweise erstarrt ist, also die Austenitbildung einsetzt oder vorteilhafter Weise abgeschlossen ist, und vorzugsweise bis zum Erreichen der eutektoiden Umwandlungstemperatur (723°C). Hierzu wird die Kokille geöffnet und die Form mit dem erstarrten Guss aus dieser zerstörungsfrei entnommen. Dabei bleibt die Form das Gussteil umschließend erhalten und wirkt hiernach als wärmedämmendes bzw. -regulierendes Material. Ohne weitere Maßnahmen wird so eine gleichmäßige Abkühlung über die Oberfläche des in der Form noch immer eingeschlossenen Gusses sicher gestellt, während die Form den Umgebungsbedingungen ausgesetzt ist. Erst am Ende der zweiten Abkühlstufe wird der Guss entformt. Für eine effektive und vor allem gleichmäßige Abkühlung des Gusses in der zweiten Abkühlstufe ist die Form nach der benötigten Kühlleistung auszulegen, d.h. insbesondere ist die Wandstärke der Form unter Berücksichtigung des Oberflächen-zu-Volumenverhältnisses des Gusses, der Umgebungsbedingun- gen und dem gewünschten Materialgefüge des Gusses auszulegen. Als Umgebungsbedingungen in diesem Sinne werden beispielsweise die thermischen Bedingungen in einem Kühlraum verstanden, dem die verlorene Form einschließlich Guss an der Tragevorrichtung hängend zugeführt und in dem sie weiter gekühlt wird. In einem solchen Kühlraum können konstante thermische Bedingungen und ein schneller Abtransport der eingetragenen Wärme durch ausreichende Umwälzung/ausreichenden Austausch des Kühlmittels, bevorzugt wiederum Luft oder ein inertes Gas, eingestellt werden. Vorzugsweise wird die Kühlung unter Temperaturüberwachung der Form und/oder des Gusses gesteuert oder geregelt. Die Gusstemperatur der verlorenen Form wird hierzu während des Kühlens nach dem Entfernen der Kokille wiederum vorzugsweise an der Aufhängung gemessen. Dies kann abermals berührungsfrei, beispielsweise optisch mittels Infrarotkamera, oder mittels Thermofühler geschehen. Die zweite Abkühlstufe ist beendet, wenn die gewünschte Zieltemperatur zur Entfernung des Abgusses aus dem Kernpaket, die Auspacktemperatur von vorzugsweise < 300°C, erreicht ist, bei der der Temperaturverlauf der weiteren Abkühlung keinen Einfluss mehr auf die Gefügeausbildung hat. The second cooling stage is thus at the earliest initiated, depending on the desired structure and the casting properties, if the casting is at least partially solidified, so the Austenitbildung sets or advantageously completed, and preferably until reaching the eutectoid transformation temperature (723 ° C). For this purpose, the mold is opened and removed the form with the solidified casting from this non-destructive. The mold remains surrounding the casting and acts thereafter as a heat-insulating or -regulierendes material. Without further measures, a uniform cooling over the surface of the casting, which is still enclosed in the mold, is ensured while the mold is exposed to the ambient conditions. Only at the end of the second cooling step, the casting is removed from the mold. For an effective and above all uniform cooling of the casting in the second cooling stage, the shape is to be designed according to the required cooling performance, ie in particular the wall thickness of the mold taking into account the surface-to-volume ratio of the casting, the ambient conditions and the desired material structure of the To design castings. As environmental conditions in this sense, for example, the thermal conditions in a refrigerator understood that the lost form including casting supplied to the support hanging and in which it is further cooled. In such a cooling space constant thermal conditions and a rapid removal of the heat introduced by sufficient circulation / sufficient replacement of the coolant, preferably turn air or an inert gas can be adjusted. Preferably, the cooling is controlled or regulated by monitoring the temperature of the mold and / or the casting. The casting temperature of the lost mold is again measured during cooling after removal of the mold again preferably on the suspension. Again, this can be done without contact, for example optically by means of an infrared camera, or by means of temperature sensors. The second cooling stage is completed when the desired target temperature for removal of the casting from the core package, the unpacking temperature of preferably <300 ° C is reached, at which the temperature profile of the further cooling has no influence on the microstructure.
Eine entscheidende Rolle, insbesondere in der zweiten Abkühlstufe, spielt das freie Aufhängen der Form samt Gussteil an der Tragevorrichtung. Dieses verrin- gert zum einen die Gefahr, die verlorene Form beim Entnehmen aus der Kokille zu beschädigen. Eine Beschädigung würde den Guss partiell oder vollständig der Umgebung aussetzen und eine unkontrollierte Gefügeausbildung zur Folgen haben können. Zum anderen ermöglicht das Aufhängen im Gegensatz zum liegenden Transport, dass die Form von allen Seiten gleichmäßig von Kühlmittel umspült werden kann, und erhöht somit die Effizienz und Gleichmäßigkeit der Kühlung. A crucial role, especially in the second cooling stage, plays the free hanging of the mold including casting on the support device. On the one hand, this reduces the risk of damaging the lost mold when it is removed from the mold. Damage may partially or completely expose the casting to the environment and may result in uncontrolled microstructure formation. On the other hand, in contrast to the horizontal transport, suspension makes it possible for the mold to be evenly distributed from all sides to the coolant can be washed around, thus increasing the efficiency and uniformity of the cooling.
Vorzugsweise wird die Tragevorrichtung zusammen mit einer Speiserkappe in die verlorene Form eingesetzt, bevor diese in die geöffnete Kokille eingesetzt wird. Eine solche Speiserkappe mit Aufhängevorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der Schrift DE 10 2010 051 348 A bekannt. Preferably, the carrying device is used together with a feeder cap in the lost mold before it is inserted into the opened mold. Such a feeder cap with suspension is known for example from the document DE 10 2010 051 348 A.
Die Kokille kann unmittelbar nach der Entnahme der Form für den nächsten Gießvorgang vorbereitet, d.h. unter anderem mit der nächsten verlorenen Form bestückt werden. Das Verfahren ist deshalb sehr effizient und kostengünstig, weil bei gleichem Durchsatz eine geringere Anzahl von Kokillen benötigt wird. Auch ist das Verfahren sehr flexibel und wiederum kostengünstig, weil mit derselben Kokille durch Verwendung unterschiedlicher verlorener Formen unterschiedliche Gusserzeugnisse hergestellt werden können. Die Gießerei muss also keine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Kokillen vorhalten. Am vielseitigsten ist hierfür eine zylindrische Kokillenform. The mold can be prepared immediately after removal of the mold for the next casting operation, i. Among other things, be equipped with the next lost form. The method is therefore very efficient and cost-effective, because at the same throughput a smaller number of molds is needed. Also, the process is very flexible and again inexpensive, because different castings can be made with the same mold by using different lost shapes. The foundry does not need to hold a large number of different molds. The most versatile is a cylindrical mold for this purpose.
Weiterhin vorteilhaft ist es, dass der Hohlraum der verlorenen Form von unten aufsteigend mit Schmelze gefüllt wird. Besonders bevorzugt hierbei ist die Anwendung des Niederdruckgussverfahrens. It is furthermore advantageous that the cavity of the lost mold is filled with melt from below in ascending order. Particularly preferred in this case is the application of the low-pressure casting process.
Nach dem Füllen der Form von unten kann diese vorteilhafter Weise mittels eines Absperrschiebers verschlossen werden. After filling the mold from below, this can advantageously be closed by means of a gate valve.
Dies ermöglicht, dass die Kokille mit der Form und dem Guss nach dem Füllen von der Füllstation entnommen werden kann, so dass die Füllstation für das Füllen der nächsten Form/Kokille schon wieder bereitsteht. Besonders bevorzugt setzt das Kühlen der verlorenen Form unmittelbar nach dem Verschließen derselben mittels Absperrschieber ein. This allows the mold with the mold to be removed from the filling station after filling, so that the filling station is ready for filling the next mold / mold again. Particularly preferably, the cooling of the lost mold starts immediately after the closure thereof by means of a gate valve.
Eine vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass während des Fül- lens des Hohlraumes der verlorenen Form mit Gussmaterial Gießgase durch eine zwischen der Innenwand der Kokille und der Außenwand der verlorenen Form angeordnete Kavität abgesaugt werden. An advantageous development of the invention provides that, during the filling of the cavity of the lost mold with casting material, casting gases are sucked off through a cavity arranged between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the lost mold.
Die Kavität für die primäre Kühlung und die Kavität zum Absaugen der Gießga- se ist bevorzugt dieselbe. Die Kavität hat somit bevorzugt eine Doppelfunktion, als Abgasleitung während des Gießens und als Kühlmittelzu- und abführung zum Guss bzw. zur verlorenen Form während der ersten Abkühlstufe des Gusses. Dabei ist von Vorteil, dass die Kavität einfach an ein geschlossenes Abluftsystem angeschlossen werden kann, das die Abgase gezielt entsorgt, bevor sie in die Umgebung gelangen können. Großdimensionierte Ablufthauben und entsprechend Leitungssysteme, die viel Nebenluft umwälzen, können so vermieden werden. The cavity for the primary cooling and the cavity for sucking off the casting gas is preferably the same. The cavity thus preferably has a dual function, as an exhaust pipe during casting and as coolant supply and discharge to the casting or to the lost form during the first cooling stage of the casting. It is advantageous that the cavity can be easily connected to a closed exhaust system that disposed of the exhaust gases targeted before they can get into the environment. Large-dimensioned exhaust hoods and corresponding piping systems, which circulate a lot of secondary air, can thus be avoided.
Vorzugsweise wird zusätzlich zu der primären Kühlung der verlorenen Form auch die Kokille, d.h. die Kokillenwände, nach dem Füllen direkt gekühlt („sekundäre Kühlung"). Dies erfolgt in eigens dafür in der Kokillenwand vorgesehenen Kühlleitungen, die ebenfalls mit Kühlmittel durchströmt werden. Preferably, in addition to the primary cooling of the lost mold, the mold, i. the mold walls, cooled directly after filling ("secondary cooling") .This is done in specially provided for this purpose in the mold wall cooling pipes, which are also flowed through with coolant.
Eine andere vorteilhafte Weiterbildung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die verlore- ne Form beim Einsetzen in die geöffnete mehrteilige Kokille mittels Unterdruck in der Kokille gehalten wird. Another advantageous development of the invention provides that the lost shape is held by means of negative pressure in the mold when it is inserted into the opened multi-part mold.
Besonders bevorzugt weisen die verlorene Form und die Kokille Passelemente auf, die beim Einsetzen der verlorenen Form in die geöffnete mehrteilige Kokille ineinander gefügt werden und so eine definierte Lage der Form in der Kokille sicherstellen. Die zusammenwirkenden Passelemente werden deshalb auch als Kernlager bezeichnet. Die Passelemente und die Unterdruckhalterung lassen sich dabei kombinieren, wie nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen erläutert wird. Particularly preferably, the lost form and the mold on matching elements that are inserted into each other when inserting the lost form in the open multi-part mold and so a defined position of the mold in the mold to ensure. The cooperating mating elements are therefore also called core bearings. The fitting elements and the vacuum holder can be combined, as will be explained below with reference to embodiments.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 eine erste Ausführungsform einer verlorenen Form während des Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a lost form during the
Einsetzens derselben in die Kokille;  Inserting it into the mold;
Figur 2 eine Illustration des Füllschrittes anhand einer zweiten Ausführungsform der kombinierten verlorenen Form mit Kokille; Figure 2 is an illustration of the filling step based on a second embodiment of the combined lost mold with mold;
Figur 3 eine Illustration der primären Kühlung der kombinierten verlorenen Figure 3 is an illustration of the primary cooling of the combined lost ones
Form mit Kokille;  Mold with mold;
Figur 4 eine Illustration des Öffnens der kombinierten verlorenen Form mit Figure 4 is an illustration of the opening of the combined lost form with
Kokille;  mold;
Figur 5 eine dritte Ausführungsform einer kombinierten verlorenen Form mit Figure 5 shows a third embodiment of a combined lost form with
Kokille zur Verwendung in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren;  Mold for use in the process of the invention;
Figur 6 eine vierte Ausführungsform einer kombinierten verlorenen Form mit Figure 6 shows a fourth embodiment of a combined lost form with
Kokille zur Verwendung in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren;  Mold for use in the process of the invention;
Figur 7 eine fünfte Ausführungsform einer kombinierten verlorenen Form mit Figure 7 shows a fifth embodiment of a combined lost form with
Kokille zur Verwendung in dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und  Mold for use in the process of the invention and
Figur 8 eine schematische Darstellung des Ablaufs des erfindungsgemäßen Figure 8 is a schematic representation of the process of the invention
Verfahrens auf einer weitgehend automatisierten Gießlange. ln Figur 1 ist eine verlorene Form 10 mit einem Hohlraum 12 zur Aufnahme von Gussmaterial gezeigt. Der Hohlraum 12 weist eine Innenfläche auf, die die Außenkontur des zu erzeugenden Gussteils abbildet. Die verlorene Form 10 besteht aus einem vorzugsweise chemisch gebundenen Formsand, der eine eigenstabile Struktur bildet. Procedure on a largely automated casting length. FIG. 1 shows a lost mold 10 having a cavity 12 for receiving casting material. The cavity 12 has an inner surface which images the outer contour of the casting to be produced. The lost mold 10 consists of a preferably chemically bonded molding sand, which forms an intrinsically stable structure.
In der Form 10 ist eine Tragevorrichtung 14 mittels zweier erster Ankerelemente 16 fixiert. Die Tragevorrichtung ist so bereits ausreichend mit der Form 10 verbunden, um deren Eigengewicht zu tragen. Die Tragevorrichtung weist ferner ein zweites Ankerelement 18 auf, welches durch die Wand der Form 10 hindurch bis in den Hohlraum 12 hineinragt, um dort später teilweise mit dem Gussmaterial umgössen zu werden. In the form 10, a carrying device 14 is fixed by means of two first anchor elements 16. The carrying device is already sufficiently connected to the mold 10 in order to carry its own weight. The carrying device furthermore has a second anchor element 18, which projects through the wall of the mold 10 into the cavity 12, in order later to be partially surrounded by the casting material.
Das spätere Füllen des Hohlraums 12 in der verlorenen Form 10 erfolgt in üblicher Weise durch einen oder mehrere Anschnitte 20, der oder die bevorzugt von unten in den Hohlraum 12 münden, so dass der Hohlraum 12 der verlorenen Form von unten aufsteigend mit Gussmaterial, besonders bevorzugt im Nieder- druckgussverfahren gefüllt werden kann. The subsequent filling of the cavity 12 in the lost mold 10 is carried out in a conventional manner by one or more gates 20, which or preferably open from below into the cavity 12, so that the cavity 12 of the lost form rising from below with cast material, particularly preferred can be filled in the low-pressure casting process.
Die verlorene Form 10 wird vor dem Füllen mit Gussmaterial in der in Figur 1 gezeigten Weise zunächst in einen ersten Teil, hier in eine erste Hälfte 22, einer geöffneten mehrteiligen Kokille eingesetzt, bevor die Kokille geschlossen wird, indem deren zweite Hälfte 24 mit der ersten Hälfte 22 zusammengesetzt wird. Damit die verlorene Form 10 passgenau zunächst in der ersten Hälfte 22 der Kokille und nach dem Schließen der Kokille auch in der zweiten Hälfte 24 der Kokille aufgenommen wird, besitzen sowohl die verlorene Form 10 als auch die Hälften der Kokille 22, 24 Passelemente 26 bzw. 28, die komplementär zuei- nander ausgebildet sind. Die Passelemente der verlorenen Form 10 sind in Form von mehreren umfänglich von einer Außenwand 30 der Form 10 vorspringenden Nasen 26 ausgebildet. Die Kokillenhälften 22, 24 weisen hierzu jeweils komplementäre Ausnehmungen 28 in ihren Innenwänden 32 auf. Die zusammenwirkenden Passelemente 26 und 28 bilden die sogenannten Kernlager 34. The lost mold 10 is first inserted into a first part, here in a first half 22, of an open multi-part mold before filling with casting material in the manner shown in Figure 1 before the mold is closed by the second half 24 with the first Half 22 is assembled. Thus, the lost form 10 is first recorded in the first half 22 of the mold and after closing the mold and in the second half 24 of the mold, both the lost form 10 and the halves of the mold 22, 24 fitting elements 26 and 28, which are complementary to each other. The mating elements of the lost form 10 are in Shape of a plurality of circumferentially projecting from an outer wall 30 of the mold 10 lugs 26 formed. For this purpose, the mold halves 22, 24 each have complementary recesses 28 in their inner walls 32. The cooperating fitting elements 26 and 28 form the so-called core bearings 34.
Die Kokillenhälften 22, 24 weisen weiterhin Verbindungskanäle 36 zwischen den Ausnehmungen 28 einerseits und einer Außenseite 38 der Kokillenhälften 22 und 24 auf. An die Verbindungskanäle 32 kann auf der Außenseite 34 eine Saugleitung (nicht gezeigt) angeschlossen werden, so dass zwischen der In- nenwand 32 und der Außenwand 30 ein Unterdruck erzeugt werden kann. Die Form 10 wird dadurch mit ihren Vorsprünge 26 in die Ausnehmung 28 der Kokillenhälfte 22 hineingesogen und durch den anhaltenden Unterdruck in dieser gehalten, bis die Kokille geschlossen ist. Danach wird der Unterdruck nicht mehr benötigt und die Saugleitung kann entfernt bzw. der Unterdruck deaktiviert werden. The mold halves 22, 24 also have connecting channels 36 between the recesses 28 on the one hand and an outer side 38 of the mold halves 22 and 24. A suction line (not shown) can be connected to the connecting channels 32 on the outside 34, so that a negative pressure can be generated between the inner wall 32 and the outer wall 30. The mold 10 is thereby sucked with its projections 26 into the recess 28 of the Kokillenhälfte 22 and held by the sustained negative pressure in this until the mold is closed. Thereafter, the negative pressure is no longer needed and the suction line can be removed or the negative pressure can be deactivated.
Selbstverständlich kann die Verbindung 32 auch an einer anderen Stelle der Grenzfläche zwischen der verlorenen Form 10 und der mehrteiligen Kokille angreifen, so dass die Passelemente und die Verbindungskanäle zur Unter- druckfixierung räumlich voneinander getrennt sind. In der gezeigten Weise jedoch sind die Passelemente und die Mittel zur Unterdruckfixierung in vorteilhafter Weise kombiniert. Of course, the connection 32 can also engage at another location of the interface between the lost mold 10 and the multi-part mold, so that the fitting elements and the connection channels for vacuum fixing are spatially separated from each other. In the manner shown, however, the fitting elements and the means for vacuum fixation are combined in an advantageous manner.
Zwischen der Innenwand 32 der Kokille und der Außenwand 30 der verlorenen Form 10 ist eine Kavität 40 angeordnet, die als Leitung für ein Kühlmedium zum Kühlen der verlorenen Form, also der primären Kühlung dient. Die Kavität 40 als umfänglich geschlossene Kühlmittelleitung wird erst beim Zusammenfügen der verlorenen Form 10 und der Kokille gebildet, weil sie zur Hälfte in der Außenwand 30 in der Form jeweils eines offenen spiral- oder schneckenförmigen Kanals 42 bzw. 44 ausgebildet ist. Anstelle einer umlaufenden Kavität können auch mehrere Kavitäten vorgesehen sein. Auch muss diese nicht spiral- oder schneckenförmig um die verlorene Form 10 umlaufend angeordnet sein sondern kann beispielsweise auch meanderförmig oder sich mehrfach gitterförmig kreuzend ausgestaltet werden. Die Kavität 40 weist wenigstens zwei Verbindungs- kanäle 46 und 48 zur Außenseite der Kokille auf, so dass diese an ein Kreislaufsystem oder ein Zuführsystem für ein Kühlmedium angeschlossen werden kann. Between the inner wall 32 of the mold and the outer wall 30 of the lost mold 10, a cavity 40 is arranged, which serves as a conduit for a cooling medium for cooling the lost mold, so the primary cooling. The cavity 40 as circumferentially closed coolant line is formed only when joining the lost mold 10 and the mold, because it is formed in half in the outer wall 30 in the form of an open spiral or helical channel 42 and 44, respectively. Instead of a circumferential cavity can also be provided several cavities. Also, this does not have to be arranged in a spiral or helical shape around the lost mold 10 but can for example also be configured in a meandering or intersecting manner in a lattice-like manner. The cavity 40 has at least two connecting channels 46 and 48 to the outside of the mold, so that it can be connected to a circulation system or a supply system for a cooling medium.
Als Mittel für eine sekundäre Kühlung der Kokillenwände ist eine weiteres Lei- tungssystem 50 in den Kokillenwänden vorgesehen, das seinerseits durch nicht gezeigte Anschlüsse nach außen geführt ist und an ein Kreislauf- oder Zuführsystem für ein weiteres Kühlmedium angeschlossen werden kann. As a means for a secondary cooling of the mold walls, a further line system 50 is provided in the mold walls, which in turn is guided by connections not shown to the outside and can be connected to a circulation or supply system for a further cooling medium.
In Figur 2 ist der Verfahrensschritt des Füllens des Hohlraums 12 der verlorenen Form 10 mit Gussmaterial 54 dargestellt. Das Gussmaterial 54 wird von unten durch den Anschnitt 20 in den Hohlraum 12 der verlorenen Form 10 eingebracht, nachdem die Kokille durch Zusammenfügen der Kokillenhälften 22 und 24 geschlossen wurde. Gleichzeitig mit dem Füllen werden Gießgase in dem Hohlraum 12 durch die poröse Struktur der Sandform 10 hindurch in die Kavität 40 zwischen der Innenwand der Kokille und der Außenwand der Sandform 10 und aus dieser durch den Verbindungskanal 48 aus der Kokille herausgeführt. Hier ist nur exemplarisch der Verbindungskanal 48 als Abluftkanal gekennzeichnet. Der Verbindungskanal 46 wird in diesem Fall beispielsweise mittels eines Stopfens oder eines Ventils (beides nicht gezeigt) verschlossen gehalten. Das Gießgas kann jedoch auch umgekehrt über den Verbindungskanal 46 abgesaugt werden oder gleichzeitig über beide Verbindungskanäle 46 und 48. FIG. 2 shows the method step of filling the cavity 12 of the lost mold 10 with cast material 54. The casting material 54 is introduced from below through the gate 20 into the cavity 12 of the lost mold 10 after the mold has been closed by joining the Kokillenhälften 22 and 24. Simultaneously with the filling, casting gases in the cavity 12 are led out through the porous structure of the sand mold 10 into the cavity 40 between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the sand mold 10 and from there through the connecting channel 48 from the mold. Here, by way of example only, the connecting channel 48 is marked as an exhaust air duct. The connecting channel 46 is kept closed in this case, for example by means of a plug or a valve (both not shown). However, the casting gas can also be sucked in the opposite direction via the connecting channel 46 or simultaneously via both connecting channels 46 and 48.
Bei der hier gezeigten Ausführungsform weist die verlorene Form 10 über dem Hohlraum 12 für das Gussteil einen weiteren Hohlraum auf, in den zuvor eine Speiserkappe 52 eingesetzt wurde, wie dies in der Schrift DE 10 2010 051 348 A beschrieben ist. Die Speiserkappe 52 dient zur Aufnahme von Gussmaterial 54 und weist wärmeisolierende und/oder exotherme Eigenschaften auf, um das eingeschlossene Gussmaterial länger flüssig zu halten, während es bereits im Hohlraum 12 zu erstarren beginnt. Der aufgrund der Erstarrung einsetzende Volumenschwund des Gussmaterials 54 wird so mit der wärmeren und niederviskoseren Schmelze in der Speiserkappe 52 ausgeglichen. In the embodiment shown here, the lost mold 10 has a further cavity above the cavity 12 for the casting into which a feeder cap 52 has previously been inserted, as described in DE 10 2010 051 348 A is described. The feeder cap 52 serves to receive casting material 54 and has heat-insulating and / or exothermic properties in order to keep the enclosed casting material liquid for a longer time while it is already beginning to solidify in the cavity 12. The onset of solidification shrinkage of the casting material 54 is thus compensated with the warmer and lower-viscosity melt in the feeder cap 52.
Aufgrund der Verwendung einer Speiserkappe 52 ist in diesem Beispiel auch die Tragevorrichtung 14 anders ausgestaltet. Diese weist ein in den Hohlraum der Speiserkappe 52 eingreifendes Ankerelement 18 auf, welches ausreichend fest mit der Speiserkappe und/oder der Form 10 verbunden ist, um deren Eigengewicht tragen zu können. Nachdem das eingebrachte Gussmaterial 54 um das Ankerelement 18 herum erstarrt ist, wird die Last auch oder sogar überwiegend durch die so entstandene Verbindung getragen und das Gussteil kann samt Form 10 an der Tragevorrichtung gehalten werden. Due to the use of a feeder cap 52, the carrying device 14 is designed differently in this example. This has an engaging into the cavity of the feeder cap 52 anchoring element 18, which is sufficiently firmly connected to the feeder cap and / or the mold 10 in order to carry their own weight can. After the introduced casting material 54 is solidified around the anchor member 18 around, the load is also or even predominantly supported by the resulting compound and the casting can be held together with mold 10 on the support device.
Am Ende des in Figur 2 gezeigten Füllschrittes wird der Anschnitt 20 mittels eines Sperrschiebers 55 verschlossen, so dass die Kokille mit der verlorenen Form von der Füllstation entnommen werden kann. At the end of the filling step shown in Figure 2, the gate 20 is closed by means of a locking slide 55, so that the mold with the lost form can be removed from the filling station.
In Figur 3 ist der Verfahrensschritt des Kühlens der verlorenen Form 10 in der Kokille nach dem Füllen, also die primäre Kühlung illustriert. Dieser Schritt beginnt vorzugsweise nach dem Verschließen der verlorenen Form 10 mittels Absperrschieber 55, damit die Erstarrung des Gussmaterials nicht bereits wäh- rend des Füllens einsetzt. Zum Zweck des Kühlens wird ein Kühlmedium durch den zuvor beschriebenen Verbindungskanal 46 in die Kavität 40 eingeleitet und durch den Verbindungskanal 48 aus dieser wieder herausgeleitet, womit Wärme aus der verlorenen Form 10 abtransportiert wird. Damit die Kavität 40 auf einfache Weise die Doppelfunktion als Abgasleitung während des in Figur 2 illustrier- ten Gießens und als Zu- und Ableitung eines Kühlmediums während des in Figur 3 illustrierten primären Kühlschrittes fungieren kann, ist in den Zuleitungen (nicht gezeigt) zu den Verbindungen 46 und 48 vorzugsweise jeweils ein Ventil vorgesehen. Die Zuleitungen können damit wahlweise entweder verschlossen, an Kühlmittelleitungen oder an Abgasleitungen angeschlossen werden. Die primäre Kühlung wird solange durchgeführt, bis der Guss zumindest teilweise erstarrt ist und das Gussteil 56 eine stabile Struktur aufweist. In Abhängigkeit von dem angestrebten Gefügezustand des zu fertigenden Produktes kann die Primärkühlung und somit die erste Abkühlstufe auch länger erfolgen. Grundsätzlich ist es aus Effizientgründen sinnvoll die primäre Kühlung mit der Entnahme der Form-Guss-Einheit aus der Kokille und damit unmittlebar mit der Beendigung der ersten Kühlstufe zu abzuschalten. FIG. 3 illustrates the method step of cooling the lost mold 10 in the mold after filling, ie the primary cooling. This step preferably begins after the closure of the lost mold 10 by means of a gate valve 55 so that the solidification of the casting material does not start during the filling process. For the purpose of cooling, a cooling medium is introduced through the previously described connection channel 46 into the cavity 40 and out through the connection channel 48 therefrom, whereby heat is removed from the lost mold 10. Thus, the cavity 40 in a simple way the dual function as an exhaust pipe during the illustrated in Figure 2 casting and as supply and discharge of a cooling medium during the in 3 can serve primary cooling step, in the supply lines (not shown) to the compounds 46 and 48 are preferably each provided a valve. The supply lines can thus either be closed, connected to coolant lines or to exhaust pipes. The primary cooling is carried out until the casting is at least partially solidified and the casting 56 has a stable structure. Depending on the desired structural state of the product to be produced, the primary cooling and thus the first cooling stage can take longer. Basically, it makes sense for Efficiency reasons to turn off the primary cooling with the removal of the mold-casting unit from the mold and thus immediacy with the completion of the first cooling stage.
In Figur 4 ist der sich an die primäre Kühlung anschließende Schritt des Öffnens der Kokille illustriert. Hierbei werden die beiden Hälften 22 und 24 der Kokille voneinander weg bewegt, während die verlorene Form 10 an der Tragevorrichtung 14 hängend gehalten wird. Die Tragevorrichtung 14 entspricht in dem hier gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der in Figur 1 gezeigten. Weil der Guss zu diesem Zeitpunkt bereits zumindest teilweise, insbesondere an der Oberfläche, erstarrt ist, hat er eine Eigenstabilität, sodass die Last der Form und des Gusses sowohl über die Verbindung der Tragevorrichtung 14 zu der Form 10 als auch zu dem Gussteil 56 getragen wird. FIG. 4 illustrates the step of opening the mold subsequent to the primary cooling. Here, the two halves 22 and 24 of the mold are moved away from each other, while the lost mold 10 is held suspended from the support device 14. The carrying device 14 corresponds in the embodiment shown here to that shown in FIG. Because the casting is already solidified at least partially, particularly at the surface, it has inherent stability so that the load of the mold and casting is supported both through the connection of the support 14 to the mold 10 and to the casting 56 ,
Auf diese Weise wird die Form zerstörungsfrei aus der Kokille entnommen und der zweiten Abkühlstufe zugeführt. Wie vorstehend beschrieben, wird die Form 10 so beispielsweise in einen Kühlraum transportiert, indem sie unter geregelten oder zumindest gesteuerten thermischen Bedingungen in gewünschter Weise weiter heruntergekühlt wird, bis die Gusstemperatur, vorzugsweise an der Tragevorrichtung 14 gemessen, den voreingestellten Wert erreicht hat, was vorzugsweise dann der Fall ist, wenn die gewünschte Auspacktemperatur von beispielsweise 300°C erreicht oder unterschritten wurde und die weitere Abkühlung keinen Einfluss mehr auf das Gefüge und die Gussteileigenschaften hat. In this way, the mold is removed without destruction from the mold and fed to the second cooling stage. For example, as described above, the mold 10 is transported into a cold room by desirably cooling down further under controlled or at least controlled thermal conditions until the molding temperature, preferably measured at the support 14, has reached the preset value, preferably then the case is when the desired unpacking temperature of For example, it has reached or fallen below 300 ° C. and the further cooling no longer has any influence on the microstructure and the casting properties.
Figur 5 zeigt die kombinierte verlorene Form 10 mit Kokille mit einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Tragevorrichtung 14. Diese ist im Vergleich mit den beiden vorstehend beschriebenen Tragevorrichtungen dahingehend vereinfacht, dass sie nur ein einzelnes Ankerelement 18 aufweist, welches durch die verlorene Form 10 hindurch bis in das Gussteil 56 hineinragt. Das Ankerelement 18 kann so ausgebildet sein, dass es nicht geeignet ist, die Form 10 ohne Gussteil zu tragen, so dass diese auf andere Weise beim Einsetzen in die Kokille zu handhaben sein wird. Alternativ können nicht gezeigte Strukturen (Haken oder dergleichen) entlang der Oberfläche des Verankerungselementes 18 vorgesehen sein, die eine ausreichende Verbindung mit der Sandform 10 herstellen, um der Zugbeanspruchung beim Anheben und Transportieren der leeren Sandform 10 an der Tragevorrichtung 14 standzuhalten. Das untere Ende des Ankerelementes 18 ragt ansonsten in der bereits zuvor beschriebenen Weise in den Hohlraum der Sandform 10 hinein, so dass es nach dem Erstarren des Gusses in der hier gezeigten Weise mit dem Gussteil 56 verbunden ist und mittels dieser Verbindung geeignet ist, die Sandform 10 samt Gussteil 56 zu tragen. FIG. 5 shows the combined lost mold 10 with mold with an alternative embodiment of the carrying device 14. This is simplified in comparison with the two carrying devices described above in that it has only a single anchor element 18, which passes through the lost mold 10 into the Casting 56 protrudes. The anchor member 18 may be formed so that it is not suitable to carry the mold 10 without a casting, so that it will be handled in other ways when inserted into the mold. Alternatively, structures (hooks or the like), not shown, may be provided along the surface of the anchoring element 18, which provide sufficient connection with the sand mold 10 to withstand the tensile stress of lifting and transporting the empty sand mold 10 to the support 14. The lower end of the anchor member 18 otherwise protrudes into the cavity of the sand mold 10 in the manner already described above, so that it is connected after the solidification of the casting in the manner shown here with the casting 56 and is suitable by means of this connection, the sand mold 10 including casting 56 to wear.
Figur 6 zeigt eine nochmals hinsichtlich der Tragevorrichtung 14 geänderte Ausführungsform einer kombinierten verlorenen Form 10 mit Kokille. Diese Ausführungsform kombiniert die zwei ersten Ankerelemente 16, die gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform in Figur 1 in die Sandform 10 hineinreichen, mit einem zweiten, durch die Sandform 10 hindurchgreifenden Ankerelement 18, dass gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform in Figur 2 in das Gussteil 56 hineinreicht und wonach eine Speiserkappe 52 vorgesehen ist, die in die Sandform 10 integriert ist und einen Hohlraum für das Gussmaterial bereitstellt. Figur 7 zeigt eine fünfte Ausführungsform einer kombinierten verlorenen Form 10 mit Kokille, welche sich beispielsweise von der in Figur 5 gezeigten Ausführungsform durch zusätzliche Sacklochbohrungen 58 in der Sandform 10 unterscheidet. Die Sacklochbohrung 58 in der Form 10 mündet in einen Abschnitt der Kavität 40 und erweitert somit deren Volumen zur Aufnahme eines Kühlmediums. Die Anordnung der Sacklochbohrungen 58 korrespondiert mit Abschnitten der Sandform 10, die eine größere Wandstärke aufweisen, um das Kühlmittel an diesen Stellen näher an die Oberfläche des Gussteils 56 bzw. vor der Erstarrung an die Grenzfläche des Gussmaterials zur Form 10 heranzubringen. Durch diese Maßnahme kann bei unterschiedlichen Wandstärken der Form 10 eine gleichmäßigere Abkühlung der Oberfläche des Gusses oder bei Bedarf aber auch eine gezielt beschleunigte Abkühlung des Gusses an ausgesuchten Abschnitten der Oberfläche erzielt werden. Anstelle der Sacklochbohrungen können auch Durchgangsbohrungen und/oder Kanäle vorgesehen sein, die den Wärmeaustausch bzw. den Kühlvorgang an den entsprechenden Stellen nochmals beschleunigen oder eine präzisere Regelung erlauben. Insbesondere sind so eine gezielte Kühlung größerer lokaler Massen (thermische Zentren) und/oder eine lokale Gefügeoptimierung möglich. Anhand des Ablaufschemas in Figur 8 soll das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform erläutert werden. Das Verfahren umfasst weitere Verfahrensschritte, die dem eigentlichen Gießverfahren vorangestellt bzw. nachgeschaltet sind. Es beginnt mit einem Kernfertigungsschritt 100, in dem die verlorene Form beispielsweise in einem Cold-Box- Verfahren, einem Hot-Box- Verfahren, einem Croning-Verfahren, einem Furanharz-FIG. 6 shows a modified embodiment of a combined lost mold 10 with mold once again with regard to the carrying device 14. This embodiment combines the two first anchor elements 16, which according to the first embodiment in FIG. 1 extend into the sand mold 10, with a second anchor element 18 passing through the sand mold 10, which according to the second embodiment in FIG. 2 extends into the casting 56 and after which a feeder cap 52 is provided, which is integrated into the sand mold 10 and provides a cavity for the casting material. Figure 7 shows a fifth embodiment of a combined lost mold 10 with mold, which differs, for example, from the embodiment shown in Figure 5 by additional blind holes 58 in the sand mold 10. The blind hole 58 in the mold 10 opens into a portion of the cavity 40 and thus expands its volume for receiving a cooling medium. The arrangement of the blind holes 58 corresponds to portions of the sand mold 10 having a greater wall thickness to bring the coolant at these locations closer to the surface of the casting 56 or before solidification at the interface of the casting material to the mold 10. By this measure, a more uniform cooling of the surface of the casting or, if necessary, but also a targeted accelerated cooling of the casting at selected portions of the surface can be achieved with different wall thicknesses of the mold 10. Instead of the blind holes and through holes and / or channels may be provided which accelerate the heat exchange and the cooling process at the appropriate points again or allow more precise control. In particular, targeted cooling of larger local masses (thermal centers) and / or local microstructure optimization are thus possible. Based on the flowchart in Figure 8, the inventive method of a particularly advantageous embodiment will be explained. The method comprises further method steps, which are preceded or followed by the actual casting process. It begins with a core manufacturing step 100 in which the lost mold is, for example, in a cold-box process, a hot-box process, a croning process, a furan resin
Verfahren oder einem Wasserglas-CO2-Verfahren als vorzugsweise chemisch gebundene Sandform hergestellt wird. Dieser Schritt 100 erfolgt bevorzugt unter optischer Überwachung und computergesteuert. Ist die Sandform hergestellt, wird sie manuell, teilautomatisch oder vorzugsweise mittels einem Roboter R1 vollautomatisch an die nächste Station übergeben. An dieser findet die sogenannte Kernpaketmontage 102 statt. Hierbei werden mehrere Teilformen zu dem Kernpaket, der verlorenen Form, wie Sie für den Guss benötigt wird, zusammengesetzt. Dieser Schritt kann je nach Entformbar- keit und Anforderung an die Oberflächengüte des Gussteils bei Bedarf durch ein zusätzliches Kernschlichten, z.B. mittels Sprühroboter, ergänzt werden. Process or a water glass CO2 process is preferably prepared as a chemically bonded sand mold. This step 100 is preferably carried out under optical monitoring and computer-controlled. Once the sand mold has been produced, it is transferred to the next station fully automatically, manually or semi-automatically or preferably by means of a robot R1. At this the so-called Kernpaketmontage 102 takes place. Here are several sub-forms to the core package, the lost form, as it is needed for the casting composed. Depending on the removability and the requirement on the surface quality of the casting, this step can be supplemented if necessary by additional core finishing, eg by means of a spray robot.
Auf die Kernpaketmontage 102 folgt optional das Lagern 104 des Kernpaketes. Es steht im Lager auf Abruf bereit. Je nach Stückzahl, Prozessgeschwindigkeit, Kernfertigungsgegebenheiten und Produktions-Prozesserfordernissen wird üblicherweise eine bestimmte Anzahl von Kernpaketen vorgehalten oder es kann eine just-in-time-Produktion bei optimalen Kernproduktionsgegebenheiten ohne Lagerhaltung vorgesehen sein, wenn deren Herstellung genauso schnell oder schneller als die im Folgenden beschriebenen Arbeitsschritte gelingt. The core package assembly 102 is optionally followed by storage 104 of the core package. It is available in the warehouse on call. Depending on the number of pieces, process speed, core manufacturing conditions, and production process requirements, usually a certain number of core packages will be provided, or just-in-time production may be provided at optimum core production conditions without inventory if their production is just as fast or faster than those described below Work steps succeed.
Aus dem Kernlager wird das Kernpaket bei Bedarf entnommen und dem nächsten Prozessschritt 106 zugeführt. Das Entnehmen und Zuführen wird abermals vorzugsweise vollautomatisiert durch einen Roboter R2 erfolgen. If necessary, the core package is removed from the core storage and fed to the next process step 106. The removal and feeding is again preferably carried out fully automatically by a robot R2.
Zentrales Modul zur Ausführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist eine sogenannte Fertigungsinsel 11 , auch als„Karussell" bezeichnet, auf der wenigstens 5, hier 6 der erfindungswesentlichen Verfahrensschritte ausgeführt werden. Als erster Arbeitsschritt 106 wird an einer ersten Arbeitsstation der Fertigungs- insel 11 das Kernpaket in eine geöffnete, mehrteilige Kokille eingesetzt und diese verschlossen. Dies geschieht vorzugsweise in der zuvor unter Bezugnahme auf Figur 1 beschriebenen Weise. The central module for carrying out the method according to the invention is a so-called production island 11, also referred to as a "carousel", on which at least 5, in this case, of the process steps essential to the invention are carried out as the first step 106 at a first workstation of the production island 11 An open, multi-part mold is used and these are closed, preferably in the manner described above with reference to FIG.
Ist die mehrteilige Kokille geschlossen, wechselt die Arbeitsstation und in einem Arbeitsschritt 108 wird der Hohlraum der verlorenen Form mit Gussmaterial, vorzugsweise im Niederdruck-Gießverfahren gefüllt. Ist das Füllen beendet, wird die verlorene Form mittels einem Absperrschiebers verschlossen und kann danach dem nächsten Arbeitsschritt 1 10 zugeführt werden. Hierzu wechselt die Kokille erneut zur nächsten Arbeitsstation, an der der ersten Abkühlschritt, also das primäre Kühlen der Form, und wahlweise gleichzeitig oder nacheinander das sekundäre Kühlen der Kokille einsetzen. Hierzu wird die Kokille, bzw. genauer die zuvor beschriebenen Verbindungskanäle 46 und 48 an ein Kühlmittelsystem, vorzugsweise an einen Kühlmittelkreislauf, angeschlossen. Ferner kann auch das zuvor beschriebene Leitungssystem 50 in den Kokillenwänden an ein Kühlmittelsystem, vorzugsweise einem Kühlmittelkreislauf, angeschlossen werden und das oder die Kühlmittelsysteme in Gang gesetzt werden. Die Kühlvorgänge dieses Arbeitsschrittes 1 10 erfolgen besonders bevorzugt geregelt unter Überwachung der Guss- oder Kokillentemperatur. Diese kann wiederum bevorzugt an der zuvor beschriebenen Tragevorrichtung gemessen werden. If the multi-part mold is closed, the workstation changes and in a step 108, the cavity of the lost mold with casting material, preferably filled in the low-pressure casting process. If the filling is completed, the lost form is closed by means of a gate valve and can then be supplied to the next step 1 10. For this purpose, the mold changes again to the next workstation at which the first cooling step, so the primary cooling of the mold, and optionally simultaneously or sequentially use the secondary cooling of the mold. For this purpose, the mold, or more precisely the connection channels 46 and 48 described above, are connected to a coolant system, preferably to a coolant circuit. Furthermore, the previously described conduit system 50 in the mold walls can also be connected to a coolant system, preferably a coolant circuit, and the coolant system (s) can be started. The cooling operations of this operation 1 10 are particularly preferably controlled by monitoring the casting or mold temperature. This in turn can preferably be measured on the carrying device described above.
Das Abkühlen erfolgt bei dieser Ausführungsform über insgesamt drei Arbeitsstationen, also auch in den Arbeitsschritten 1 12 und 1 14. Während des gesamten primären Kühlvorgangs bewegt sich die Fertigungsinsel 11 also zwei Arbeitspositionen weiter, so dass die vorausgegangenen Arbeitsstationen zwi- schenzeitlich wieder zur Ausführung der Arbeitsschritte 106 und 108 zur Verfügung stehen. Das Verhältnis der Dauer für das Einlegen der Form 10 in die Kokille in Schritt 106 und das Füllen in Schritt 108 zur Dauer des primären Kühlvorgangs (ggfs. mit Kühlung der Kokille) bestimmt die Anzahl der für die Kühlung reservierten Arbeitsstationen. The cooling takes place in this embodiment, a total of three workstations, including in the steps 1 12 and 1 14. During the entire primary cooling process, the manufacturing island 11 moves so two working positions, so that the previous workstations in the meantime again to perform the steps 106 and 108 are available. The ratio of the time required for inserting the mold 10 into the mold in step 106 and the filling in step 108 for the duration of the primary cooling process (if necessary with cooling of the mold) determines the number of workstations reserved for cooling.
An der letzten Arbeitsstation der Fertigungsinsel wird die Kokille mit der abgekühlten verlorenen Form 10 dem Arbeitsschritt 1 16 unterzogen, bei dem die mehrteilige Kokille geöffnet wird, frühestens nachdem der Guss, wie vorstehend beschrieben, zumindest teilweise erstarrt ist. Gleichzeitig wird die verlorene Form an der Tragevorrichtung hängend in der oben beschriebenen Weise aus der geöffneten Kokille entnommen. Dies geschieht abermals vorzugsweise mittels eines Roboters R3 vollautomatisiert, um eine zerstörungsfreie Entnahme der verlorenen Form sicherzustellen. Der Roboter R3 übergibt die verlorene Form dann an eine Kühlstrecke, in der sie noch immer an der Tragevorrichtung hängend weiter gekühlt wird, Schritt 1 18. At the last workstation of the production island, the mold with the cooled lost mold 10 is subjected to the work step 16 in which the multi-part mold is opened, at the earliest after the casting, as described above, is at least partially solidified. At the same time, the lost shape on the carrying device becomes suspended in the manner described above taken from the opened mold. This is again done preferably fully automated by means of a robot R3 to ensure a non-destructive removal of the lost form. The robot R3 then transfers the lost form to a cooling section, in which it is still cooled on the carrying device, step 1 18.
Hat der in der verlorenen Form eingeschlossene Guss mit dem gewünschten Gefüge schließlich die Auspacktemperatur von beispielsweise 300°C erreicht, erfolgt im Anschluss Schritt 120, in dem der Guss schließlich durch mechanisches Entfernen der verlorenen Form entformt wird. Dieser Schritt wird auch als „Ausleeren" oder„Grobentsandung" bezeichnet. Hierauf erfolgt ein Strahlen 122, um den Guss von Sandresten zu befreien. Ist dieser Prozessschritt abgeschlossen, wird die Gussform, vorzugsweise mittels eines weiteren Roboters R4 voll automatisiert, einer Trennstation zugeführt, die als nächsten Schritt die Abtrennung 124 des Speisers und/oder der Tragevorrichtung umfasst. Hieran schließen sich in an sich bekannter Weise die Endkon- trolle 126 sowie die Übergabe 128 an den Versand oder das Teilelager an. Finally, if the casting having the desired texture enclosed in the lost mold has reached the unpacking temperature of, for example, 300 ° C., step 120 is then carried out, in which the casting is finally demoulded by mechanical removal of the lost mold. This step is also referred to as "emptying" or "gross embarrassment". This is followed by blasting 122 to rid the cast of sand residue. Once this process step has been completed, the casting mold, preferably fully automated by means of another robot R4, is fed to a separating station, which as the next step comprises the separation 124 of the feeder and / or the carrying device. This is followed in a manner known per se by the end control 126 and the transfer 128 to the shipping or the parts store.
Bezugszeichenliste LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
10 verlorene Form, Kernpaket 10 lost form, core package
12 Hohlraum  12 cavity
14 Tragevorrichtung  14 carrying device
16 erste Ankerelemente  16 first anchor elements
18 zweites Ankerelement  18 second anchor element
20 Anschnitt 20 bleed
22 erste Kokillenhälfte  22 first mold half
24 zweite Kokillenhälfte  24 second mold half
26 Passelement, Nase  26 fitting element, nose
28 Passelement, Ausnehmung  28 fitting element, recess
30 Außenwand der Form 30 outer wall of the mold
32 Innenwand der Kokille  32 inner wall of the mold
34 Kernlager  34 core camp
36 Verbindungskanal  36 connection channel
38 Außenseite der Kokille  38 outside of the mold
40 Kavität 40 cavity
42 spiral- oder schneckenförmiger Kanal 42 spiral or helical channel
44 spiral- oder schneckenförmiger Kanal44 spiral or helical channel
46 Verbindungskanal 46 connection channel
48 Verbindungskanal  48 connection channel
50 Leitungssystem 50 pipe system
52 Speiserkappe  52 feeder cap
54 Gussmaterial  54 casting material
55 Sperrschieber Guss oder Gussteil 55 locking slide Casting or casting
Sacklochbohrung Kernfertigung Blind hole core production
Kernpaketmontage Core package assembly
Kernlager core storage
Einsetzen der verlorenen Form und Schließen der Kokille Füllen Kühlen Inserting the lost mold and closing the mold Fill Cooling
Kühlen Cool
Kühlen Cool
Öffnen der Kokille und Entnehmen der geöffneten Form Kühlen der verlorenen Form Entformen des Gussteils Opening the mold and removing the opened mold Cooling the lost mold Removing the casting
Strahlen radiate
Abtrennen der Tragevorrichtung Disconnect the carrying device
Endkontrolle final check
Lagern oder Versenden Storing or shipping

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenmetallgüssen, bei dem Process for producing ferrous metal casts, in which
- eine verlorene Form (10) mit einem Hohlraum (12) zur Aufnahme von Gussmaterial (54) in eine geöffnete mehrteilige Kokille (22, 24) eingesetzt wird (Schritt 106),  - A lost mold (10) having a cavity (12) for receiving casting material (54) in an open multi-part mold (22, 24) is used (step 106),
- die mehrteilige Kokille (22, 24) geschlossen wird (Schritt 106), - the multi-part mold (22, 24) is closed (step 106),
- der Hohlraum (12) der verlorenen Form mit Gussmaterial (54) gefüllt wird, wobei eine in den Hohlraum (12) der verlorenen Form (10) teilweise hineinragende Tragevorrichtung (14) teilweise mit dem Gussmaterial (54) umgössen wird (Schritt 108), - the cavity (12) of the lost mold is filled with casting material (54), wherein a support device (14) partly projecting into the cavity (12) of the lost mold (10) is partially surrounded with the casting material (step 108) (step 108) .
- die verlorene Form (10) nach dem Füllen in der Kokille (22, 24) gekühlt wird (Schritte 1 10, 1 12, 1 14),  - the lost mold (10) is cooled after filling in the mold (22, 24) (steps 1 10, 1 12, 1 14),
- die mehrteilige Kokille (22, 24) während des Abkühlens frühestens nach dem Unterschreiten der Liquidustemperatur, vorzugsweise nach dem Unterschreiten der Solidustemperatur und besonders bevorzugt noch bevor der Guss die eutektoide Umwandlungstemperatur erreicht hat, geöffnet und die verlorene Form (10) mit dem Guss zerstörungsfrei aus der geöffneten Kokille entnommen wird (Schritt 1 16),  - The multi-part mold (22, 24) during cooling at the earliest after falling below the liquidus, preferably after falling below the solidus temperature and more preferably before the casting has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature, opened and the lost mold (10) with the non-destructive casting is removed from the opened mold (step 1 16),
- die verlorene Form (10) mit dem Guss an der Tragevorrichtung (14) hängend weiter gekühlt wird, mindestens bis die Gefügebildung des Gusses abgeschlossen ist (Schritt 1 18),  - the lost mold (10) continues to be cooled with the casting on the carrying device (14), at least until the structure of the casting has been completed (step 1 18),
- der Guss durch Entfernen der verlorenen Form (10) entformt wird (Schritt 120).  - The casting is removed from the mold by removing the lost mold (10) (step 120).
Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, Method according to claim 1, characterized in that
dass die Tragevorrichtung (14) zusammen mit einer Speiserkappe (52) in die verlorene Form (10) eingesetzt wird, bevor diese in die geöffnete Kokille eingesetzt wird. in that the carrying device (14) together with a feeder cap (52) is inserted into the lost mold (10) before it is inserted into the opened mold.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized
dass der Hohlraum (12) der verlorenen Form (10) von unten aufsteigend mit Gussmaterial (54) gefüllt wird.  in that the cavity (12) of the lost mold (10) is filled with casting material (54) from below.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized
dass der Hohlraum (12) der verlorenen Form (10) im Niederdruck- Gießverfahren gefüllt wird.  that the cavity (12) of the lost mold (10) is filled in the low-pressure casting process.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized
dass die verlorene Form (10) nach dem Füllen mit Gussmaterial (54) mittels eines Absperrschiebers verschlossen wird.  that the lost mold (10) is closed after filling with casting material (54) by means of a gate valve.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized
dass die Kokille mit verlorener Form (10) und Guss nach dem Verschließen von der Gussstation abtransportiert wird.  that the mold with lost shape (10) and casting after removal from the casting station is removed.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized
dass das Kühlen der verlorenen Form (10) nach dem Verschließen der verlorenen Form einsetzt.  cooling the lost mold (10) after closing the lost mold.
8. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass die verlorene Form (10) von einem durch eine zwischen der Innenwand der Kokille (32) und der Außenwand der verlorenen Form (30) angeordnete Kavität (40) strömenden Kühlmedium gekühlt wird.  in that the lost mold (10) is cooled by a cooling medium flowing through a cavity (40) arranged between the inner wall of the mold (32) and the outer wall of the lost mold (30).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized
dass die Kühlmittelströmung temperaturgeregelt und/oder massen-, zeit- und/oder modulgesteuert erfolgt. that the flow of coolant is temperature-controlled and / or mass, time and / or module-controlled.
10. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass die verlorene Form (10) und Guss (56) an der Tragevorrichtung (14) hängend einem Kühlraum zugeführt und darin, wahlweise unter Temperaturüberwachung gesteuert oder geregelt, weiter gekühlt wird.  in that the lost mold (10) and casting (56) on the carrying device (14) are suspended from a cooling space and are further cooled therein, optionally controlled under temperature control.
1 1 . Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 1 1. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass die Gusstemperatur während des Kühlens der verlorenen Form (10) vor und/oder nach dem Entfernen der Kokille (22, 24) an der Tragevorrichtung (14) gemessen wird.  in that the casting temperature is measured during the cooling of the lost mold (10) before and / or after the removal of the mold (22, 24) on the carrying device (14).
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass während des Füllens (108) des Hohlraumes (12) der verlorenen Form (10) mit Gussmaterial (54) Gießgase durch eine zwischen der Innenwand (32) der Kokille (22, 24) und der Außenwand der verlorenen Form (30) angeordnete Kavität (40) abgesaugt werden.  in that during filling (108) of the cavity (12) of the lost mold (10) with casting material (54) pouring gases through a cavity arranged between the inside wall (32) of the mold (22, 24) and the outside wall of the lost mold (30) (40) are sucked off.
13. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass die Kokille (22, 24) nach dem Füllen (108) gekühlt wird.  in that the mold (22, 24) is cooled after filling (108).
14. Verfahren nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized
dass die verlorene Form (10) beim Einsetzen in die geöffnete mehrteilige Kokille (22, 24) mittels Unterdruck in der Kokille gehalten wird. Verfahren nach Anspruch einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, that the lost mold (10) when inserted into the open multi-part mold (22, 24) is held by means of negative pressure in the mold. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
dass die verlorene Form (10) und die Kokille Passelemente (26, 28) aufweisen, die beim Einsetzen der verlorenen Form (10) in die geöffnete mehrteilige Kokille (22, 24) ineinander gefügt werden. in that the lost mold (10) and the mold have fitting elements (26, 28) which are inserted into one another during the insertion of the lost mold (10) into the opened multi-part mold (22, 24).
EP15753958.6A 2014-09-04 2015-08-26 Method for producing iron metal castings Active EP3188860B1 (en)

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DE102014217701.4A DE102014217701A1 (en) 2014-09-04 2014-09-04 Process for producing metal casts
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ES2687103T3 (en) 2018-10-23

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