EP3180166B1 - Optimised setting procedure for an expansible anchor - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for setting an expansion anchor by means of a machine tool, in particular a impact wrench. Moreover, the present invention relates to a machine tool, in particular an impact wrench, for carrying out this method, comprising an input device for detecting a type of expansion anchor or a tightening torque for the expansion anchor, a striking mechanism for generating and on the expansion anchor transferable rotary strikes, a device for detecting a rotation angle of an output shaft of the machine tool and a control device.

Expansion anchors are inserted into a pre-drilled hole and then clamped by default in the hole by means of a torque wrench. The use of a torque wrench proves to be necessary because a user can not look at the expansion anchor inserted in the hole, whether it is properly braced, i. is set. Here are both problems with too low spreading and thus lower resilience of the anchorage in the ground and too strong spreading, because of a possible fatigue of the expansion anchor on. The manufacturers of the expansion anchor accordingly indicate an associated tightening torque which is to be set on the torque wrench for setting.

A setting method for an expansion anchor and an impact wrench for setting a spreading anchor according to the prior art, for example, in the German patent application DE 10 2011 005 079 A1 disclosed. This prior art document describes a setting method for an expansion anchor by means of an impact wrench in which rotational impacts are repeatedly exerted on the expansion anchor. A repetition rate of the rotary impacts is set as a function of a predetermined torque for spreading an expansion sleeve of the expansion anchor. The impact wrench sets the application of rotational shocks when a detected average speed falls below a threshold of a nut of the expansion anchor.

In experimental series it was found that the relaxation behavior of an expansion anchor is dependent on the setting speed at which the expansion anchor in a material (eg mineral background) is positioned. Relaxation describes the gradual loss of preload force of the expansion anchor placed in a material due to set effects.

In the case of expansion anchors which are set at a high tightening speed, a very large drop in the prestressing force of the materialized expansion anchor was observed in the first few minutes after the completion of the setting process. In a conventional setting method (i.e., manually setting a spreading anchor in a material) with a torque wrench, this loss of biasing force is less pronounced. An increased loss of biasing force reduces the load values achievable with the expansion anchor and thus limits the scope of application of the expansion anchor.

The loss of preload force is probably caused by the very high speed of the setting process. In the case of a manual suit (i.e., manually setting a spreading anchor in a material), torque is usually applied at a plurality of intervals over a period of about 20 seconds. In the intervals between these intervals, in which the return movement is carried out with the torque wrench, local stress peaks in the material (for example concrete) can already be reduced. During a next return movement or during a further stroke by the torque wrench, the resulting loss of prestressing force is compensated again.

When setting with an impact wrench, the entire setting process of the expansion anchor is completed within approx. 2 sec. This lacks the time to break the voltage spikes between the set intervals. For this reason, the setting process takes place only after completion of the actual setting process.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to solve the problem described above, and in particular to provide a method for setting an expansion anchor by means of a machine tool, in particular a impact wrench, and a machine tool, in particular an impact wrench, for performing this method. By the method and the machine tool for carrying out the method, the setting process of an expansion anchor is optimized, so that the expansion anchor can be subjected to the highest possible tensile load.

This object is achieved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claims 1 and 2.

For this purpose, a method is provided for setting an expansion anchor by means of a machine tool, in particular a impact wrench.

• Ausüben von Drehschlägen durch die Werkzeugmaschine (20) auf einen Spreizanker (1) zum Verspreizen einer Spreizhülse (3) des Spreizankers (1) in Abhängigkeit einer in der Werkzeugmaschine (20) erzeugten ersten Drehzahl bis ein in der Werkzeugmaschine (20) erzeugtes und auf den Spreizanker (1) ausgeübtes Anzugsdrehmoment einem vorbestimmten Schwellwert entspricht;
• Ausüben einer vorbestimmten Anzahl von Drehschlägen durch die Werkzeugmaschine (20) auf den Spreizanker (1) zum Verspreizen der Spreizhülse (3) des Spreizankers (1) in Abhängigkeit der in der Werkzeugmaschine (20) erzeugten ersten Drehzahl; und
• Ausüben von Drehschlägen durch die Werkzeugmaschine (20) auf den Spreizanker (1) zum Verspreizen der Spreizhülse (3) des Spreizankers (1) in Abhängigkeit einer im Vergleich zu der ersten Drehzahl reduzierten in der Werkzeugmaschine (20) erzeugten zweiten Drehzahl für eine vorbestimmte Zeitdauer (t).

The method is characterized according to the invention by the steps:

• Exerting of rotational blows by the machine tool (20) on an expansion anchor (1) for spreading an expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) as a function of a generated in the machine tool (20) first speed to a generated in the machine tool (20) and on the tightening armature (1) applied tightening torque corresponds to a predetermined threshold value;
• Exerting a predetermined number of rotational strokes by the machine tool (20) on the expansion anchor (1) for spreading the expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) in dependence on the first speed generated in the machine tool (20); and
• Exerting of rotational blows by the machine tool (20) on the expansion anchor (1) for spreading the expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) in response to a reduced compared to the first speed generated in the machine tool (20) second speed for a predetermined period of time (t).

By applying further rotational strokes to the already set expansion anchor with a reduced speed, a retightening can be generated on the expansion anchor, whereby the setting effects can be compensated without the biasing force in the expansion anchor can be further increased.

Furthermore, a machine tool, in particular an impact wrench, is provided for carrying out this method, comprising an input device for detecting a type of expansion anchor or a tightening torque for the expansion anchor, a striking mechanism for generating rotational shocks which can be transmitted to the expansion anchor, a device for detecting a tightening torque the machine tool and a control device.

According to the invention, the machine tool is characterized in that the control device is designed
for setting a first speed generated in the machine tool, whereby rotational speeds dependent on the first speed can be exerted on the expansible armature to spread an expansion sleeve of the expansible anchor until a tightening torque generated in the machine tool and exerted on the expander armature corresponds to a predetermined threshold value;
for adjusting the machine tool, so that a predetermined number of turns by the machine tool on the expansion anchor for spreading the expansion of the Spreading anchor is exerted in dependence of the generated in the machine tool first speed;
and
for adjusting a generated in the machine tool compared to the first speed reduced second speed, whereby for a predetermined period of the second speed-dependent rotational shocks on the expansible anchor for spreading the expansion of the expansible anchor are exercisable.

In this way, a re-tensioning can be generated on the expansion anchor, whereby the setting effects can be compensated without the biasing force in the expansion anchor can be further increased.

Further advantages will become apparent from the following description of the figures. In the figures, various embodiments of the present invention are shown. The figures, the description and the claims contain numerous features in combination. The skilled person will conveniently consider the features individually and summarize meaningful further combinations.

Fig. 1

einen Spreizanker in einem Bohrloch, und

Fig. 2

eine erfindungsgemäße Werkzeugmaschine in Form eines Schlagschraubers und einen Spreizanker in einem Bohrloch.

Show it:

Fig. 1

an expansion anchor in a borehole, and

Fig. 2

a machine tool according to the invention in the form of an impact wrench and an expansion anchor in a borehole.

Embodiment:

Fig. 1 shows an exemplary expansion anchor 1 consisting of a pull rod 2 and an expansion sleeve 3. The expansion sleeve 3 circumferentially surrounds a cylindrical portion 4 of the tie rod 2. An outer diameter 5 of the cylindrical portion 4 is preferably slightly smaller than an inner diameter 6 of the expansion sleeve 3, whereby the pull rod 2 is axially movable relative to the Aufspreizelement 3. The cylindrical section 4 merges into a conical section 7, which forms an expansion body 8 for spreading the expansion sleeve 3. The largest diameter of the conical section 7 is greater than the inner diameter 6 of the expansion sleeve 3 and preferably less than an outer diameter 9 of the expansion 3. On the pull rod 2, a thread 10 is provided, via which a tensile force can be introduced. In the exemplary expansion anchor 1, the thread 10 serves at the same time a fastening of loads. During assembly, the expansion anchor 1 with the expansion body 8 is inserted into a borehole with a diameter slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the unexpanded expansion sleeve 3. A nut 11 is screwed onto the thread 10 and tightened until the pull rod 2 together with the spreader 8 is pulled into the expansion sleeve 3. The expansion sleeve 3 clamps firmly to a wall 12 of the borehole. The expansion anchor 1 is properly set when the expansion sleeve 3 is radially expanded by a certain amount. A user can recognize this when the nut 11 no longer rotates at a specified tightening torque.

Other (not shown) expansion anchor, for example, a bolt with a mating thread that engages the thread 10 of the tie rod 2. During assembly, the user uses a screwing tool on the bolt and pulls in this way the pull rod 2 with the spreader 8 in the expansion sleeve. 3

The exemplary expansion anchors 1 can be set by means of an adapted impact wrench 20. For this purpose, the impact wrench 20 is connected in a known manner with the expansion anchor 1 so that the producible in the impact wrench 20 tightening torque is transmitted to the expansion anchor 20 and in particular to the nut 11.

The impact wrench 20 has a percussion mechanism 21 which periodically generates rotary impacts in the direction of rotation A. A hammer (not shown) is supported on a drive shaft 23 by means of a helical link (not shown). A spring (not shown) urges the hammer 22 along the output shaft 23 toward an anvil (not shown). The anvil is rigidly connected to an output shaft 27. The drive shaft 23 and the output shaft 27 are rotatable relative to each other. The hammer and the anvil are lengthwise the drive shaft 23 projecting (not shown) claws, via which the hammer can transmit torque to the anvil. An electric motor 29 drives the drive shaft 23 via a gear, not shown. One cycle of a rotary stroke has essentially the following phases. The claws of the hammer touch the anvil. The rotating drive shaft 23 pulls the hammer away from the anvil against the force of the spring spring because of the gate until the jaws are disengaged from the anvil 26. Driven by the spring, the hammer moves in the direction of the anvil and is thereby set by the scenery in a rotary motion. The claws finally strike tangentially on the anvil.

An embodiment of the impact wrench 20 has an input device 30, by means of which a user can enter the special tightening torque of the expansion anchor 1. The input device 30 includes, for example, a button (not shown), a keyboard (not shown), a button (not shown), and / or a display element (not shown). Alternatively or additionally, an input device 30 may be provided, via which the user can set a type as well as the associated tightening torque for an expansion anchor. For example, two buttons are provided for selecting a type or type of expansion anchor and a size of the expansion anchor. The selected type of expansion anchor and the associated tightening torque can be displayed, for example, in a designed as a display or multiple LEDs display element.

A controller 35 reads the input tightening torque from the input device 30 and the detection device 33, respectively. The recognizer 33 may be realized in the form of a scanner, a scanner, an input panel, or the like.

The control device 35 determines a first speed for the drive shaft 23 on the basis of the input tightening torque. For example, rotational speeds assigned to different tightening torques are stored in a memory device 36. After a user activates the electric motor 29 by means of a pushbutton (not shown), the control device 35 checks whether a rotational speed has previously been predetermined, for example by specifying the expansion anchor type or the tightening torque. The control device 35 can inhibit activation of the motor 29, for example, if no tightening torque was selected so far, but instead prompt the user for an input. The control device 35 controls the electric motor 29 such that the drive shaft 23 rotates at the predetermined first speed. The selected first rotational speed of the drive shaft 23 specifies the repetition rate of the rotational shocks. It was recognized that with a lowering of the speed not only the frequency of the rotary strokes decreases, which far enough for the setting of the Expansion anchor is irrelevant, but also that the torque exerted with each twist is lowered. Each of the speeds is assigned, although with a large tolerance, a torque. In one embodiment, the impact wrench 20 starts to rotate the nut 11 with a maximum possible speed to him. After a period of time, which is preferably determined by the input type of the expansion anchor 1, the impact wrench lowers the speed to the predetermined speed in dependence on the tightening torque. The tightening torque is the tightening torque predetermined for the respective expansion anchor used.

On the output shaft 27, a device 39 for detecting a tightening torque of the machine tool 20 is arranged. In the illustrated embodiment, the means 39 for detecting a tightening torque of the machine tool 20 is realized by a torque transducer. The torque transducer 39 serves to detect the tightening torque on the output shaft 27, which is generated by the machine tool 20 and in particular by the electric motor 29. The torque transducer 39 may include strain gauges and / or function according to the piezoelectric, magnetoelastic or optical principle. Alternatively or in addition, the torque transducer can also work with the SAW method (Surface Acoustic Wave method). The detected tightening torque of the output shaft 27 about an axis of rotation R is transmitted to the control device 35 via a connecting line 40. The control device 35 compares the tightening torque detected by the torque transducer 39 with threshold values for the tightening torque stored in the memory device 36. If the tightening torque detected by the Drehmomentaufnehmer 39 reaches a predetermined threshold, this is an indicator that the expansion anchor can not be further rotated with the torque applied to him or with the torque acting on him set to the first speed wrench and is properly placed in the borehole. According to an embodiment, not shown and not further described, a torque sensor is not necessarily provided, since the tightening torque for the expansion anchor with a corresponding device can be determined or estimated indirectly from the motor rotation angle.

Subsequently, a predetermined number of turns by the machine tool (20) on the expansion anchor (1) is exercised. The fixed number of additional rotary lugs used to further spreading of the expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1), these additional Shooting speeds are generated as a function of the first speed generated in the machine tool (20).

Subsequently, the control device 35, the electric motor so that a second speed for the drive shaft 23 is applied. The second speed is less than the first speed. The second or lower speed generates rotational shocks with a correspondingly lower tightening torque, which is exerted on the expansible anchor for a predetermined period of time t. In this way, a re-tensioning can be generated on the expansion anchor, whereby the setting effects can be compensated without the biasing force in the expansion anchor can be further increased.

By means of the method according to the invention and the machine tool 20 for carrying out this method, the setting process of the expansion anchor 1 is thereby optimized, so that the expansion anchor 1 can be subjected to the highest possible tensile load in the borehole.

Claims (2)

1. Method for setting an expansion anchor (1) by means of a machine tool (20), particularly an impact screwdriver,
   characterised by the steps

   - Carrying out rotary impacts through the machine tool (20) on an expansion anchor (1) to anchor an expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) depending on a first speed produced in the machine tool (20) until a tightening torque carried out on the expansion anchor (1) corresponds to a pre-determined threshold value;

   - Carrying out a pre-determined number of rotary impacts through the machine tool (20) on the expansion anchor (1) to anchor the expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) depending on the first speed produced in the machine tool (20); and

   - Carrying out rotary impacts through the machine tool (20) on the expansion anchor (1) to anchor the expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) depending on a second speed produced in the machine tool (20) that is reduced in comparison with the first speed for a pre-determined period of time (t).
2. Machine tool (20), particularly an impact screwdriver, for carrying out the method according to claim 1, containing

   - an input device (30) for detecting a type of expansion anchor (1) or a tightening torque for the expansion anchor (1);

   - a striking mechanism (21) for producing rotary impacts that may be transferred to the expansion anchor (1);

   - a device (39) for detecting a tightening torque of the machine tool (20); and

   - a control device (35),

   characterised in that the control device (35) is made
   to adjust a first speed produced in the machine tool (20), through which rotary impacts depending on the first speed may be carried out on the expansion anchor (1) to anchor an expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) until a tightening torque produced in the machine tool (20) and carried out on the expansion anchor (1) corresponds to a pre-determined threshold value; and
   to adjust the machine tool (20), so that a pre-determined number of rotary impacts is carried out through the machine tool (20) on the expansion anchor (1) to anchor the expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) depending on the first speed produced in the machine tool (20); and
   to adjust a second speed produced in the machine tool (20) that is reduced in comparison with the first speed, through which rotary impacts depending on the second speed may be carried out on the expansion anchor (1) to anchor the expansion sleeve (3) of the expansion anchor (1) for a pre-determined period of time (t).

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