EP3161391B1 - Dual circuit transportation refrigeration system - Google Patents

Dual circuit transportation refrigeration system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3161391B1
EP3161391B1 EP15739123.6A EP15739123A EP3161391B1 EP 3161391 B1 EP3161391 B1 EP 3161391B1 EP 15739123 A EP15739123 A EP 15739123A EP 3161391 B1 EP3161391 B1 EP 3161391B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
refrigeration
compressor
gas cooler
stage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15739123.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3161391A1 (en
Inventor
Mary D. Saroka
Robert A. Chopko
Jeffrey J. Burchill
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
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Publication of EP3161391A1 publication Critical patent/EP3161391A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3232—Cooling devices using compression particularly adapted for load transporting vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/327—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a compressing unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/3276—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a condensing unit
    • B60H2001/3277—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to a condensing unit to control the air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3269—Cooling devices output of a control signal
    • B60H2001/328—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit
    • B60H2001/3282—Cooling devices output of a control signal related to an evaporating unit to control the air flow
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H2001/3286—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/3292—Compressor drive is electric only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/072—Intercoolers therefor

Definitions

  • the subject matter disclosed herein relates to refrigeration systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to transportation refrigeration systems.
  • JP 2004 286363 A discloses a refrigerator car that has two mutually independently cooling rooms, and has a generator driven by a vehicular engine, a converter device for converting an alternating current generated by the generator into a direct current, refrigerating cycles respective arranged in response to the rooms, and including sealed compressors, and inverter devices for respectively driving the sealed compressors of the respective refrigerating cycles with the alternating current converted by the converter device as a power source.
  • US 2003/000236 A1 describes a method of powering a refrigeration system.
  • the method includes providing a mover and an alternator, the alternator being coupled to the mover and generating a power signal.
  • the method also includes monitoring at a control a plurality of system parameters and sending a control signal based on the system parameters from the control.
  • US 2 881 600 A discloses a mechanically refrigerated railway car comprising an outer envelope for said car, a bulkhead spaced from one end of the envelope to divide said envelope into a refrigeration compartment and a machine compartment, thermal insulation lining said entire refrigeration compartment, a commodity compartment situated entirely within said refrigeration compartment and spaced from the walls thereof.
  • WO 2013/0616404 A discloses a transport container with a refrigeration circuit having multi-stage compression, a gas cooler and an intercooler.
  • a refrigeration system for a refrigerated cargo container includes two or more refrigeration circuits, each refrigeration circuit configured to cool a compartment of the refrigerated cargo container.
  • Each refrigeration circuit includes a compressor to compress a gaseous flow of refrigerant, a gas cooler in fluid communication with the compressor to cool the compressed flow of refrigerant, and an evaporator located at the compartment and in fluid communication with the gas cooler and the compressor.
  • An electrical generator is operably connected to the compressor of each refrigeration circuit to drive the compressors and a control system operably connected to the electrical generator and the two or more refrigeration circuits.
  • the control system is configured to calculate a maximum electrical power generated by the generator, calculate a target electrical load of the components of each refrigeration circuit, and distribute the available electrical power from the generator to meet the target electrical load of each refrigeration circuit.
  • the target electrical load for each refrigeration circuit is based on a temperature set point of each refrigeration circuit.
  • the electrical generator is powered by a diesel engine.
  • the refrigerant is a CO 2 refrigerant.
  • a first refrigeration circuit of the two or more refrigeration circuits utilizes a first refrigerant and a second refrigeration circuit of the two or more refrigeration circuits utilizes a second refrigerant different from the first refrigerant.
  • the compressor is a multi-stage compressor.
  • the refrigeration circuit is configured to compress a flow of refrigerant at a first stage of the compressor, convey the flow of refrigerant from the compressor through the intercooler of the gas cooler to undergo thermal energy exchange, return the flow of refrigerant to the compressor from the gas cooler, compress the flow of refrigerant at a second stage of the compressor, and flow the refrigerant through the gas cooler a second time to undergo further thermal energy exchange.
  • a flash tank is located along the refrigeration circuit fluidly between the gas cooler and the evaporator to separate residual gaseous refrigerant from the flow of refrigerant.
  • an electrically powered evaporator fan is located at the evaporator to induce a flow of air across the evaporator.
  • an electrically powered gas cooler fan is located at the gas cooler to induce a flow of air across the gas cooler.
  • a refrigerated cargo container in another embodiment, includes a container having a plurality of walls to define an enclosure, with two or more compartments defined in the container and a refrigeration system according to any of the claims 1 to 5.
  • a first temperature set point of a first compartment of the two or more compartments differs from a second temperature set point of a second compartment of the two or more compartments.
  • the system disclosed herein are utilized in a transportation refrigeration unit for refrigeration of a truck, trailer, cargo container or the like, hereinafter referred to as a "container".
  • a container 10 is generally a rectangular prism in shape, including a floor 12, a first or front wall 14, and a second or rear wall 16 opposite the front wall 14.
  • the container 10 further includes opposing sidewalls 18 and a top wall 20 to enclose the volume.
  • the sidewalls 18 and/or the rear wall 16 may include one or more doors or openings (not shown) through which cargo is loaded into and/or unloaded from the container 10.
  • the container 10 is divided into multiple compartments 22, via arrangement of one or more interior walls 24.
  • the compartments 22 mat be arranged lengthwise in the container 10, or alternatively as shown in FIG. 2 , may be arranged side-by-side or some combination of lengthwise and side-by-side.
  • compartments 22 may be arranged on top of one another. Often the compartments 22 are utilized to allow for maintaining cargo or goods in the compartments 22 at different temperatures based on storage needs of the cargo.
  • the container 10 includes a refrigeration system 26 including a transportation refrigeration unit 28 located, for example, at the front wall 14 with remote evaporators 46 connected to the refrigeration unit 28, located at each compartment 22.
  • a schematic of a refrigeration system 26 is shown in FIG. 3 .
  • the refrigeration system 26 of FIG. 3 includes two refrigeration circuits 32, with each refrigeration circuit 32 providing cooling to one or more compartments 22. It is to be appreciated that for containers 10 having more than two compartments 22, a refrigeration system 26 with additional refrigeration circuits 32 may be utilized, for example three or four refrigeration circuits 32.
  • each refrigeration circuit 32 utilizes a low global warming potential (GWP) and/or natural refrigerant such as CO 2 . Further, in some embodiments, the refrigeration circuits 32 do not include the same refrigerant, with selected refrigeration circuits 32 including different refrigerants.
  • GWP global warming potential
  • CO 2 natural refrigerant
  • the refrigeration circuits 32 do not include the same refrigerant, with selected refrigeration circuits 32 including different refrigerants.
  • the refrigeration system 26 is powered by a generator 34, which is in turn driven by a prime mover such as a diesel engine 36.
  • the refrigeration circuits 32 of the refrigeration system 26 may be substantially identical, and as such one refrigeration circuit 32 will be described herein with the understanding that additional refrigeration circuits 32 have substantially identical structures.
  • a compressor 38 is operably connected to the generator 34 and driven by the generator 34.
  • the compressor 38 is a multi-stage, variable speed compressor 38. It is to be appreciated that other compressor configurations may be utilized.
  • the refrigeration circuit 32 includes a gas cooler 40 with an electrically powered gas cooler fan 42, which is powered by the generator 34, a flash tank 44 and an evaporator 46 including an evaporator fan 48 powered by the generator 34.
  • the evaporator 46 and evaporator fan 48 are located remotely at the compartment 22 to be cooled by the refrigeration circuit 32.
  • a flow of refrigerant 50 enters the compressor 38 and is compressed via a first stage 52 of the compressor 38.
  • Compressed first stage refrigerant exits the compressor 38 as a high pressure gas and is conveyed to an intercooler 54 of gas cooler 40. From the intercooler 54, the flow of refrigerant is conveyed back to the compressor 38 and is further compressed at a second stage 56 of the compressor 38. From the second stage 56, the compressed second stage refrigerant exits the compressor 38 and is conveyed to the gas cooler 40.
  • the flow of refrigerant 50 proceeds through an expansion valve 58 and enters the flash tank 44 as a low pressure liquid.
  • any residual gaseous refrigerant in the flow of refrigerant 50 is separated out and directed back to the compressor 38.
  • Liquid refrigerant in the flow of refrigerant 50 is urged from the flash tank 44 to the evaporator 46 where the evaporator fan 48 directs a flow of return air 60 across the evaporator 46.
  • newly cooled airflow now referred to as supply air 62 flows into the compartment 22 to cool the compartment 22 and the cargo therein.
  • the flow of refrigerant 50 is then returned to the compressor 38, is particular the first stage 52.
  • a gas cooler coil wraps around the gas cooler fan 42, increasing a heat-transfer surface area for greater efficiency in a configuration that is both compact and lightweight.
  • the resulting refrigeration circuit 32 is versatile in responding to the thermodynamic properties of CO 2 , providing gas cooling after each compression stage for improved efficiency.
  • the flash tank 44 is configured to manage a flow and phase change of the flow of refrigerant 50 after leaving the gas cooler 40. For efficient cooling performance, the configuration enables separation of remaining gaseous CO 2 from liquid CO 2 before entering the evaporator 46.
  • a control system 64 is utilized to control operation of the diesel engine 36 and generator 34 as well as the compressors 38, gas cooler fans 42 and evaporator fans 48.
  • the control system calculates a maximum electrical power generated by the diesel engine 36 and generator 34 and also calculates a target electrical load of the components (compressor 38, gas cooler fan 42, evaporator fan 48) for each refrigeration circuit 32 based on a temperature set point of each refrigeration circuit 32.
  • the control system 64 distributes the available electrical power from the generator 34 to meet the target electrical load of each refrigeration circuit 32.
  • Component controls such as variable speed, a compressor economizer and/or unloader are utilized to determine and implement a balanced power control.
  • the components of refrigeration circuits 32 (compressor 38, gas cooler 40, gas cooler fan 42) and also the diesel engine 36 and generator 34 are located at in secured in a frame 66.
  • the configuration allows for compact packaging of the components in the frame 66, which in some embodiments is located at the front wall 14 and which is, as shown in FIG. 1 , enclosed by a cover 68.
  • Benefits of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, operation of a refrigeration system using an environmentally friendly natural refrigerant of CO 2 .
  • Individualized refrigeration control of each compartment as opposed to typical multicompartment utilizing a single refrigeration circuit with a single compressor, which must meet the needs of all compartments while utilizing the same compressor suction setting.
  • the present system provides improved control of each refrigeration circuit based on individual compartment refrigeration requirements.
  • the present system provides for at least partial load loss protection. In a typical multi-temperature container system, if the compressor fails, temperature control is lost in all compartments, while a compressor failure in the present system would result in the loss of temperature control in only one compartment, leaving other refrigeration circuits associated with other compartments to function normally.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)
EP15739123.6A 2014-06-30 2015-06-30 Dual circuit transportation refrigeration system Active EP3161391B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462019014P 2014-06-30 2014-06-30
PCT/US2015/038544 WO2016004032A1 (en) 2014-06-30 2015-06-30 Dual circuit transportation refrigeration system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3161391A1 EP3161391A1 (en) 2017-05-03
EP3161391B1 true EP3161391B1 (en) 2021-04-14

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ID=53674328

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15739123.6A Active EP3161391B1 (en) 2014-06-30 2015-06-30 Dual circuit transportation refrigeration system

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US20170106726A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3161391B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106457973B (zh)
WO (1) WO2016004032A1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016005981A1 (de) 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 Liebherr-Transportation Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg "Verfahren zum Regeln eines Kühlsystems"
US11686520B2 (en) 2017-10-31 2023-06-27 Carrier Corporation System for transport refrigeration control of multiple compartments
WO2019199387A1 (en) 2018-04-13 2019-10-17 Carrier Corporation Transportation refrigeration modular unit
US11623499B2 (en) * 2019-11-08 2023-04-11 Thermo King Llc Electrical power supply management for climate-controlled system associated with automotive application
CN112660014B (zh) * 2021-01-06 2022-09-20 东南大学 一种温区可变的多温区节能冷藏车及温度控制方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013016404A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Carrier Corporation Startup logic for refrigeration system

Family Cites Families (9)

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US2881600A (en) * 1953-06-19 1959-04-14 Thore M Elfving Mechanically refrigerated railway car
KR960007043B1 (ko) * 1987-04-30 1996-05-27 가부시기가이샤 히다찌 세이사꾸쇼 철도차량용 공기조화장치
US5916253A (en) * 1998-05-04 1999-06-29 Carrier Corporation Compact trailer refrigeration unit
US5960637A (en) * 1998-05-04 1999-10-05 Carrier Corporation Trailer refrigeration unit with pivotally mounted compressor and engine/generator set
US6205802B1 (en) * 2000-01-05 2001-03-27 Carrier Corporation Travel coach air conditioning system
JP2002283838A (ja) * 2001-03-28 2002-10-03 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd 自動車用空調システム
US6622505B2 (en) * 2001-06-08 2003-09-23 Thermo King Corporation Alternator/invertor refrigeration unit
JP2004286363A (ja) * 2003-03-24 2004-10-14 Toshiba Kyaria Kk 冷凍車
SG183387A1 (en) * 2010-03-08 2012-09-27 Carrier Corp Refrigerant distribution apparatus and methods for transport refrigeration system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013016404A1 (en) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Carrier Corporation Startup logic for refrigeration system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20170106726A1 (en) 2017-04-20
EP3161391A1 (en) 2017-05-03
WO2016004032A1 (en) 2016-01-07
CN106457973B (zh) 2021-01-08
CN106457973A (zh) 2017-02-22

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