EP3161220B1 - Zur formung von wänden eines gebäudes geeignetes bauelement - Google Patents

Zur formung von wänden eines gebäudes geeignetes bauelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3161220B1
EP3161220B1 EP15736677.4A EP15736677A EP3161220B1 EP 3161220 B1 EP3161220 B1 EP 3161220B1 EP 15736677 A EP15736677 A EP 15736677A EP 3161220 B1 EP3161220 B1 EP 3161220B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hole
central
building element
building
concrete
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
Application number
EP15736677.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3161220A1 (de
Inventor
Johannes Adriaan Martinus KANTERS
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Stichting Jarie
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Stichting Jarie
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Publication of EP3161220A1 publication Critical patent/EP3161220A1/de
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/26—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element the walls being characterised by fillings in all cavities in order to form a wall construction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E04C1/41—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0215—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions
    • E04B2002/0223—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with separate protrusions of cylindrical shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C2003/023—Lintels

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building element suitable for forming a wall of a building, comprising, in a position of use:
  • the invention also relates to an assembly of two or more of such building elements, a wall comprising one or more of such building elements or assemblies of building elements, a building comprising such a wall and a method for constructing a wall of a building using such building elements.
  • building elements may comprise sandstone blocks, bricks, et cetera and can be connected to form a wall e.g. by means of conventional masonry or otherwise.
  • Such a building element can be provided with the mentioned through-hole, allowing for the bottom surface of one building element to be placed on the top surface of another building element in such a way that the through-hole of the one building element is aligned with the through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous through-hole.
  • This continuous through-hole can subsequently be filled with concrete such that a rigid column is formed.
  • On top of that concrete column a further structure such as a floor or a roof can be placed (although intermediate steps may have to be performed).
  • the material for the building element (being essentially non-lead bearing) can be selected from a wide range of building materials as the constructive demands pertaining to the building element are lower: it is merely used to provide insulating properties to the building element and not to provide substantial constructive strength.
  • the function of the building elements is essentially to constitute the formwork for the (cast) concrete columns. The preceding features allow the building element to be produced locally, decreasing cost.
  • Such a building element allows for fast and cost-effective construction: the building elements can be assembled in a relatively short time span because the formation of the actual load bearing structure in the form of the concrete columns takes only a relatively small amount of time. Additionally, local construction personnel require only a minimal amount of instruction to start using the building elements.
  • the concrete column of the building element can be provided with so-called 'side wings' to improve sound insulation.
  • the side wings are usually made of concrete and formed at the same time as the concrete column, i.e. in a single concrete pouring step.
  • NL 2 009 796 C discloses such a building element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the building element suitable for forming a wall of a building is characterized in that the circumference of the side through-hole is positioned at a horizontal distance from the circumference of the central through-hole, such that the side through-hole is substantially fluidly isolated from the central through-hole along a height of the central through-hole, wherein between the top surface and the bottom surface a sideways fluid connection (i.e. substantially horizontal) is present between the central through-hole and the side through-hole for allowing fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole to enter the side through-hole, a height of the fluid connection being at most 20%, preferably at most 10% or even at most 5% of a height of the central through-hole.
  • a sideways fluid connection i.e. substantially horizontal
  • the building element has a brick-like shape. These brick-like building elements are cheap to manufacture and easy to stack.
  • the central through-hole preferably has a substantially circular cross-section.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the horizontal distance is at most 5-10 cm.
  • the inventor has found from practice that this distance provides an optimal balance between sound proofness (i.e. preventing sound from traveling through the gap between the central through-hole) and ease of construction of the side column in the side through-hole, i.e. the ease with which the fluid concrete enters the side through-hole during the concrete pouring step.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein in the length direction a length of the side through-hole is larger than the width of the side through-hole in the width direction, wherein a cross-sectional area of the side-through-hole is at most 50% of the cross-sectional area of the central through-hole.
  • the inventor has found that more than sufficient sound insulation can be achieved by doing so, without needing excessive amounts of concrete.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein two side through-holes are provided at opposite sides of the central through-hole.
  • two side through-holes are provided at opposite sides of the central through-hole.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein a width of the fluid connection is smaller than or equal to the width of the side through-hole.
  • the inventor has found this relatively small width of the fluid connection provides the best resistance to cracking and tearing.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the fluid connection is embodied by a groove or channel provided at the bottom surface or the top surface of the building element.
  • the fluid connection is embodied by a groove or channel provided at the bottom surface or the top surface of the building element.
  • the top or bottom surface can be conveniently used as a(n upper or lower) delimitation for the sideways fluid connection.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the groove or channel is formed by a dam-like protrusion, extending upwardly from the top surface, having a U-like shape when seen from above, the side through-hole being positioned in a concave part of the U-shape, wherein legs of the U-shape extend to the circumference of the central through-hole, such that fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole is guided towards the side through-hole by the dam-like protrusion.
  • the protrusion may be used advantageously to accurately position another building element on top of the building element.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein a height of the dam-like protrusion is 1-5 cm. The inventor has found that this height allows sufficient fluid concrete flow through the sideways fluid connection.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the width of the side through-hole is at most 50%, more preferably at most 40%, even more preferably at most 30%, most preferably at most 25% of the width of the central through-hole. Sufficient sound proofness is achieved in this way, without needing excessive mounts of concrete.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, wherein the top surface is provided with one or more rows of protrusions extending along the intersection of the top surface and the second pair of side surfaces for connecting to one or more corresponding rows of recesses comprised by a bottom surface of a further building element to be placed on top of the building element.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned building element, comprising expanded polystyrene (EPS).
  • EPS has good insulation properties, with respect to sound insulation as well as thermal insulation and, in most countries, can be produced locally. Furthermore, it has low density thus decreasing the weight of the final structure.
  • Another advantage is that the EPS used is fire/flame retardant.
  • a yet further advantage is that EPS is not susceptible to rot or problems relating to fungus deposits.
  • the EPS has a volumetric mass of 20 kg/m3. More preferably, the heat conduction coefficient is about 0,038 W/m.K. Even more preferably, the compressive strength/stiffness is about 100 kPa at a deformation of 10%.
  • the EPS also has a deflective strength of 150 kPa.
  • Other light-weight materials can, however, also be used, especially materials having a relatively low density of for instance lower than 50 kg/m3, such a lower than 40 kg/m3, more preferably lower than 30 kg/m3, most preferably 20 kg/m3 or lower.
  • An embodiment concerns an aforementioned building element, wherein a lower surface of the sideways fluid connection is downwardly sloped in a direction from the central through-hole to the side through-hole.
  • fluid concrete is encouraged to flow from the central through-hole into the side through-hole.
  • the pressure exerted by the fluid concrete on the main material of the building element is lowered, further preventing crack formation.
  • the slope with respect to the vertical is 30-60°, for instance around 45°.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly of two or more aforementioned building elements, wherein the bottom surface of one building element is placed on the top surface of another building element in such a way that the central through-hole of the one building element is aligned with the central through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous central through-hole and the side through-hole of the one building element is aligned with the side through-hole of the other building element, thereby forming a continuous side through-hole.
  • This assembly of building elements facilitates the creation of a central concrete column to be formed in the continuous through-hole and a side concrete column to be formed in the continuous side through-hole.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned assembly, wherein the continuous central through-hole is filled with concrete forming a central concrete column extending through the building elements and the continuous side through-hole is filled with concrete forming a side concrete column extending through the building elements.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned assembly, wherein the central concrete column comprises reinforcement in longitudinal direction of the central column, whereas the side concrete column is reinforcement-free. This saves substantial amounts of reinforcement material, since the inventor has found that in practice only the central concrete column will be used to absorb axial (vertical) construction forces. The inventor has found that 3-5 reinforcement rods running in the longitudinal direction of the concrete column, more preferably 4 rods, provides optimal strength.
  • the invention also relates to a wall comprising one or more aforementioned building elements or assemblies of building elements.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned wall, wherein an outer surface of the wall is provided with a covering layer comprising a resin mortar or a loam, the layer having a thickness of at most 3 cm, preferably at most 2 cm.
  • This covering layer provides a good basis for applying a finishing layer, which can be of any type, such as a simple layer of paint, a layer of wood or stone strips.
  • a wire gauze or wire mesh for instance comprising glass fibers, is distributed over the wall surface to facilitate attachment and strength of the covering layer.
  • a layer of mineral mortar can be put on top of the layer of resin mortar. The inventor has found the stated thickness to be optimal for connecting the covering layer thereto.
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned wall, wherein the side concrete column is provided with one or more anchorings projecting transversely from the concrete column and connecting to one or more layers of plaster on the covering layer.
  • the one or more layers of plaster is connected to anchorings attached to the concrete columns.
  • An embodiment furthermore concerns an aforementioned wall, comprising a window frame, wherein, when a groove or channel is present in the top surface or the bottom surface of the building element, a horizontal concrete supporting beam is formed in the groove or channel of the building element, wherein the concrete supporting beam is arranged underneath a lower horizontal bar of the window frame when the groove or channel is formed in the top surface of the building element, or the supporting beam is arranged on top of an upper horizontal bar of the window frame, when the groove or channel is formed in the bottom surface of the building element.
  • the invention also relates to a method for constructing a wall of a building using aforementioned building elements, comprising the following steps:
  • An embodiment relates to an aforementioned method, furthermore comprising the step of inserting reinforcement into the continuous central through-hole in the longitudinal direction of the continuous through-hole, whereas the continuous side through-hole remains reinforcement-free, before filling the continuous central through-hole with concrete.
  • the Dutch patent publication NL 2.009.796 C discloses a building block similar to the one disclosed in the present patent application. However, problems related to tearing and cracking are particularly prevalent with this building element.
  • the British patent publication GB 2.472.068 A discloses a wall structure formed by insulating blocks.
  • the blocks are provided with multiple vertical through-holes to be filled with concrete, and sideways connection channels to connect the vertical through-holes.
  • the sideways channels of GB 2.472.068 A extend along the full height/length of the through-holes.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a building 1 comprising building elements 7, 8 according to the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building 1 positioned on a piece of land 2 having front walls and side surfaces, of which only one front wall 5 and one side wall 4 are visible.
  • three roof support columns 3 are arranged for supporting a roof 6 near the front wall 5.
  • the roof extends past all side walls, not just the front wall 5.
  • the roof support columns 3 are also constructed using the building elements 7.
  • a specific building type is shown in figure 1 , comprising the building elements 7, the person skilled in the art will understand that many building types can be realized with the building elements 7 according to the invention.
  • the embodiment of the building element according to the invention is denoted by reference numeral 7 in figures 1-7 .
  • a variant of the building element 7 having half the height of that building element 7 is indicated by reference numeral 8.
  • the building element according to the invention can be used in an endless variety of building designs.
  • the corner of the building is preferably to be formed by using corner building elements as depicted in figure 6 , which will lead to a building corner structure slightly different from the one shown in figure 1 .
  • Figure 2 shows an assembly 14 in perspective view of multiple buildings blocks 7 according to the invention.
  • the building elements 7 are arranged in three layers L1, L2 and L3, staggered along by a length Lb of half a building element 7.
  • the length of a typical building element 7 as shown is for instance 1-2 m, whereas the typical height Hb is 0.25 - 1 m and the typical width Wb is 10-40 cm, preferably around 30 cm.
  • the building elements 7 as shown each comprise a bottom surface 18, a parallel top surface 17 and four side surfaces, of which two side surfaces are longitudinal side surfaces 21 and two side surfaces are transversal side surfaces 19.
  • Each building element 7 as shown is provided with two central through-holes 10 having a cylindrical shape.
  • the inner circumferential wall 20 of a central through-hole 10 forms an outer surface of a respective building element 7.
  • the building element 7 preferably comprises expanded polystyrene (EPS) or a similar light-weight material having a relatively low density.
  • EPS expanded polystyrene
  • the central through-holes 10 of the building elements 7 in the different layers L1-L3 are aligned to form single, continuous through-holes 16.
  • a concrete column 13 is present in each continuous through-hole 16 .
  • the concrete columns 13 are reinforced with reinforcement rods 11.
  • other types of concrete especially reinforced concrete with different types of reinforcement, are also conceivable.
  • the building elements 7 are provided with two parallel rows of protrusions 12 on their top surfaces, these protrusions 12 being designed for engaging two rows of recesses of building elements 7 in the layer above the layer in which the respective building element 7 is arranged.
  • the central through-holes 10 have a circumferential surface 20 being substantially impermeable to fluid concrete to be poured into the central through-hole 10.
  • a side through-hole 9 extends substantially vertically from the top surface 17 to the bottom surface 18, parallel to the central through-hole 10, having a width in width direction smaller than a width of the central through-hole 10.
  • each central through-hole 10 is accompanied by a side through-hole 9, or more preferably a pair thereof.
  • Each side through-hole 19 comprises a side concrete column 30.
  • the central concrete column 13 comprises reinforcement cables or wires 11 in longitudinal direction, such as 3-8, for instance 4.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective cut-away view of a building element 7 according to the invention.
  • Figure 4a shows a top view of an embodiment of a building element 7 according to the invention.
  • Figure 4b shows a side view of an embodiment of a building element 7 according to the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a cross-section of an assembly of building elements in side view.
  • a section plane PS is shown dividing the building element 7 in two substantially symmetrical portions. Between the section plane PS and both transversal side surfaces 19 two central through-holes 10 are arranged, each central through-hole 10 being accompanied by two opposite side through-holes 9. Each central through-hole 10 is arranged halfway between the section plane PS and the respective transversal side surface 19 to facilitate the staggering along by half a building element's length (i.e. at a length of 1/4L and 3/4L to facilitate staggering of 1/2L).
  • the circumference 24 of the side through-hole 9 is positioned at a horizontal distance d from the circumference of the central through-hole 10, such that the side through-hole 9 is substantially fluidly isolated from the central through-hole 10 along a height Hc of the central through-hole 10.
  • the sideways fluid connection 27 between the central through-hole 10 and the side through-hole 9 allows fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole 10 to enter the side through-hole 9 to form a side concrete column 30.
  • a height Hfc of the fluid connection 27 therein is at most 20%, preferably at most 10% of a height of the central through-hole 10 in a building element 7.
  • the horizontal distance d preferably is at most 5-10 cm.
  • the length direction a length Ls of the side through-hole 9 is larger than the width Ws of the side through-hole 9 in the width direction, wherein a cross-sectional area of the side-through-hole 9 is at most 50% of the cross-sectional area of the central through-hole 10.
  • a width Wfc of the fluid connection is preferably smaller than or equal to the width Ws of the side through-hole 9.
  • the fluid connection 27 can be embodied by a groove or channel 28 provided at the bottom surface 18 or the top surface 17 of the building element 7.
  • the lower surface of the fluid connection 27 may be downwardly sloped in a direction from the central through-hole 10 to the side through-hole 9, having a slope of for instance 30-60°, for instance around 45° with respect to the vertical.
  • fluid concrete is encouraged to flow from the central through-hole 10 into the side through-hole 9.
  • the pressure exerted by the fluid concrete on the main material of the building element 7 is lowered, further preventing crack formation.
  • the groove or channel 28 can be formed by a dam-like protrusion 29, extending upwardly from the top surface 17.
  • the dam-like protrusion 29 may have a U-like shape when seen from above.
  • the side through-hole 9 is preferably positioned in a concave part of the U-shape, wherein legs of the U-shape extend to the circumference 20 of the central through-hole 10, such that fluid concrete poured into the central through-hole 10 is guided towards the side through-hole 9 by the dam-like protrusion and the groove 28.
  • the height Hd of the dam-like protrusion is for instance 1-5 cm.
  • the width Ws of the side through-hole 9 is preferably at most 50%, more preferably at most 40%, even more preferably at most 30%, most preferably at most 25% of the width Wc of the central through-hole 10.
  • Figure 4c shows a front view of an embodiment of a building element 7 according to the invention.
  • the top surface is provided with a raised part 25 extending in the viewing direction, which simultaneously forms or comprises the dam-like protrusion 29.
  • the bottom surface 18 is provided with a groove 26.
  • the transversal side surfaces 19 may be provided with a vertical groove 34, or a pair of vertical grooves 34, wherein an adjacent building element is provided with a corresponding elongated protrusion 35.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment, wherein another exemplary embodiment of a building element is shown that is to be used as corner element of a wall.
  • a pair of corner side through-holes 9 are placed at an angle of around 90° with respect to each other in the actual corner, resembling an L-shape when seen from above.
  • the central through-hole 10, positioned in the corner is fluidly connected to both perpendicular side through-holes 9.
  • the corner element of figure 6 is to be used in the building shown in figure 1 .
  • Figure 7 shows another advantageous aspect of using the building element 7 according to the invention.
  • Figure 7 shows the situation around a window frame 32.
  • a longitudinal recess can be provided in the top surface thereof, i.e. running parallel to the respective beam of the window frame.
  • the longitudinal recess can be advantageously filled with concrete to form a supporting beam 33 as shown. This can be done simultaneously with the filling of the central-through-hole of the building element, i.e. in a single filling step.
  • a building element can be provided on top of the window frame 32 having a recess in its bottom surface.
  • a supporting beam 33 will be formed on top of the window frame 32.
  • a window frame the above may also apply to other types of frames, such a door frames, or in general to a frame having a lower and/or an upper horizontal beam.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Bauelement (7), das zum Bilden einer Wand (3, 4, 5) eines Gebäudes (1) geeignet ist, wobei das Bauelement in einer Gebrauchsposition aufweist:
    - eine Bodenfläche (18),
    - eine Deckfläche (17), die in einem Abstand (Hb) von der Bodenfläche (18) angeordnet ist,
    - ein erstes Paar gegenüberliegende Seitenflächen (19), die in einer Längsrichtung (X) beabstandet angeordnet sind,
    - ein zweites Paar gegenüberliegende Seitenflächen (21), die in einer Breitenrichtung (Y) beabstandet angeordnet sind und das erste Paar Seitenflächen verbinden, wobei das erste und zweite Paar Seitenflächen die Deckfläche (17) und die Bodenfläche (18) verbinden,
    - ein zentrales Durchgangsloch (10), das sich im Wesentlichen vertikal von der Deckfläche (17) zur Bodenfläche (18) erstreckt, wobei das zentrale Durchgangsloch (10) eine Umfangsfläche (20) aufweist, die im Wesentlichen undurchlässig für Flüssigbeton ist, der in das zentrale Durchgangsloch (10) gegossen werden soll,
    - ein seitliches Durchgangsloch (9), das sich im Wesentlichen vertikal von der Deckfläche (17) zur Bodenfläche (18) und parallel zum zentralen Durchgangsloch (10) erstreckt, mit einer Breite (Ws) in Breitenrichtung, die kleiner ist als eine Breite (Wc) des zentralen Durchgangslochs,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rand (24) des seitlichen Durchgangslochs in einem horizontalen Abstand (d) vom Rand des zentralen Durchgangslochs (10) angeordnet ist, so dass das seitliche Durchgangsloch entlang einer Höhe (Hc) des zentralen Durchgangslochs im Wesentlichen fluidisch von dem zentralen Durchgangsloch isoliert ist, wobei zwischen der Deckfläche und der Bodenfläche eine seitliche Fluidverbindung (27) zwischen dem zentralen Durchgangsloch und dem seitlichen Durchgangsloch vorgesehen ist, so dass in das zentrale Durchgangsloch gegossener Flüssigbeton in das seitliche Durchgangsloch eintreten kann, wobei eine Höhe (Hfc) der Fluidverbindung höchstens 20%, vorzugsweise höchstens 10% einer Höhe des zentralen Durchgangslochs beträgt.
  2. Bauelement (7) nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Länge (Ls) des seitlichen Durchgangslochs in der Längsrichtung größer ist als die Breite (Ws) des seitlichen Durchgangslochs in der Breitenrichtung, wobei eine Querschnittsfläche des seitlichen Durchgangslochs höchstens 50% der Querschnittsfläche des zentralen Durchgangslochs beträgt.
  3. Bauelement (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei zwei seitliche Durchgangslöcher an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des zentralen Durchgangslochs angeordnet sind.
  4. Bauelement (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Breite (Wfc) der Fluidverbindung kleiner oder gleich der Breite (Ws) des seitlichen Durchgangslochs ist.
  5. Bauelement (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Fluidverbindung in Form einer Nut oder eines Kanals (28) ausgebildet ist, die an der Bodenfläche oder der Deckfläche des Bauelements angeordnet ist.
  6. Bauelement (7) nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Nut oder der Kanal durch einen dammartigen Vorsprung (29) gebildet ist, der sich von der Deckenfläche nach oben erstreckt und von oben gesehen eine U-ähnliche Form aufweist, wobei das seitliche Durchgangsloch in einem konkaven Teil der U-Form positioniert ist, wobei sich die Schenkel der U-Form bis zum Rand des zentralen Durchgangslochs erstrecken, so dass in das zentrale Durchgangsloch gegossener Fluidbeton durch den dammartigen Vorsprung zur seitlichen Durchgangsöffnung geführt wird.
  7. Bauelement (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wenn abhängig von Anspruch 3, wobei die Breite (Ws) des seitlichen Durchgangslochs höchstens 50%, stärker bevorzugt höchstens 40%, noch stärker bevorzugt höchstens 30%, am stärksten bevorzugt höchstens 25% der Breite (Wc) des zentralen Durchgangslochs beträgt.
  8. Bauelement (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Deckfläche (17) mit einer oder mehreren Reihen von Vorsprüngen (12) versehen ist, die entlang der Schnittfläche der Deckfläche und des zweiten Paares von Seitenflächen (21) angeordnet sind, um mit einer oder mehreren entsprechenden Reihen von Aussparungen (15) einer Bodenfläche (18) eines weiteren Bauelements (7) verbunden zu werden, das auf das Bauelement (7) aufgesetzt werden soll.
  9. Bauelement (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine untere Oberfläche der seitlichen Fluidverbindung (27) in einer Richtung von dem zentralen Durchgangsloch (10) zu dem seitlichen Durchgangsloch (9) abwärts geneigt ausgebildet ist.
  10. Baugruppe (14) aus zwei oder mehreren Bauelementen (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bodenfläche (18) eines Bauelements (7) derart auf der Deckfläche (17) eines anderen Bauelements (7) angeordnet ist, dass das zentrale Durchgangsloch (10) des einen Bauelements (7) mit dem zentralen Durchgangsloch (10) des anderen Bauelements (7) übereinstimmt und dadurch ein durchgehendes zentrales Durchgangsloch (16) bildet und das seitliche Durchgangsloch (9) des einen Bauelements (7) mit dem seitlichen Durchgangsloch (9) des anderen Bauelements (7) übereinstimmt und dadurch ein durchgehendes seitliches Durchgangsloch (31) bildet.
  11. Baugruppe (14) nach Anspruch 10, wobei das durchgehende zentrale Durchgangsloch (16) mit Beton gefüllt ist, der eine zentrale Betonsäule (13) bildet, die sich durch die Bauelemente (7) erstreckt, und das durchgehende seitliche Durchgangsloch (31) mit Beton gefüllt ist, der eine seitliche Betonsäule (30) bildet, die sich durch die Bauelemente (7) erstreckt.
  12. Baugruppe (14) nach Anspruch 11, wobei die zentrale Betonsäule (13) eine Verstärkung (11) in Längsrichtung der zentralen Säule (13) aufweist, während die seitliche Betonsäule (30) verstärkungsfrei ausgebildet ist.
  13. Wand (3, 4, 5), die ein oder mehrere Bauelemente (7) oder Baugruppen (14) von Bauelementen (7) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist, worin eine Außenfläche der Wand mit einer Deckschicht versehen ist, die einen Harzmörtel oder einen Lehm aufweist, wobei die Schicht eine Dicke von höchstens 3 cm, vorzugsweise höchstens 2 cm aufweist.
  14. Wand nach Anspruch 13, wenn abhängig von Anspruch 9, wobei die seitliche Betonsäule (30) mit einer oder mehreren Verankerungen versehen ist, die quer zu der Betonsäule vorstehen und mit einer oder mehreren Putzschichten auf der Deckschicht verbunden sind.
  15. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Wand (3, 4, 5) eines Gebäudes (1) unter Verwendung von Bauelementen (7) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, mit folgenden Schritten:
    - Platzieren der Bodenfläche (18) eines Bauelements (7) auf der Deckfläche (17) eines anderen Bauelements (7),
    - Ausrichten des zentralen Durchgangslochs (10) des einen Bauelements (7) mit dem Durchgangsloch (10) des anderen Bauelements (7), wodurch ein durchgehendes zentrales Durchgangsloch (16) gebildet wird, und Ausrichten des seitlichen Durchgangslochs des einen Bauelements mit dem seitlichen Durchgangsloch des anderen Bauelements, wodurch ein durchgehendes seitliches Durchgangsloch gebildet wird,
    - Wiederholen des vorherigen Schrittes, bis die gewünschte Wandhöhe erreicht ist,
    - Füllen des durchgehenden zentralen Durchgangslochs (16) mit Beton, so dass eine zentrale Betonsäule (13) und eine seitliche Betonsäule (30) gebildet werden.
EP15736677.4A 2014-06-30 2015-06-26 Zur formung von wänden eines gebäudes geeignetes bauelement Not-in-force EP3161220B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2013089A NL2013089B1 (en) 2014-06-30 2014-06-30 Building element suitable for forming a wall of a building.
PCT/NL2015/050466 WO2016003267A1 (en) 2014-06-30 2015-06-26 Building element suitable for forming a wall of a building

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EP3161220A1 EP3161220A1 (de) 2017-05-03
EP3161220B1 true EP3161220B1 (de) 2019-02-20

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EP (1) EP3161220B1 (de)
NL (1) NL2013089B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2016003267A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA201700464B (de)

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FI20185632A1 (fi) * 2018-07-09 2020-01-10 Finnfoam Oy Kantava seinärakenne ja menetelmä sen valmistamiseksi
US12084859B2 (en) * 2020-09-14 2024-09-10 Charles H. Leahy Pre-insulated block
EP4353920A1 (de) * 2022-10-13 2024-04-17 EcoUp Oyj Ineinandergreifender hohler betonblock und verriegelungsblock

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GB2472068A (en) * 2009-07-23 2011-01-26 Innovation Ltd Const Wall structure formed from insulating parallelepiped blocks
NL2009796C2 (en) * 2012-11-13 2014-05-14 Sarda B V Building element for forming a wall of a building.

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NL2013089B1 (en) 2016-07-11
WO2016003267A1 (en) 2016-01-07
ZA201700464B (en) 2018-08-29

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