EP3159068B1 - Forming machine for pressing/pressure rolling and method for pressing/pressure rolling - Google Patents

Forming machine for pressing/pressure rolling and method for pressing/pressure rolling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3159068B1
EP3159068B1 EP15190545.2A EP15190545A EP3159068B1 EP 3159068 B1 EP3159068 B1 EP 3159068B1 EP 15190545 A EP15190545 A EP 15190545A EP 3159068 B1 EP3159068 B1 EP 3159068B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drive
main spindle
forming machine
spindle
machine according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15190545.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3159068A1 (en
Inventor
Benedikt Nillies
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Leifeld Metal Spinning GmbH
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Leifeld Metal Spinning GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to ES15190545.2T priority Critical patent/ES2665845T3/en
Application filed by Leifeld Metal Spinning GmbH filed Critical Leifeld Metal Spinning GmbH
Priority to EP15190545.2A priority patent/EP3159068B1/en
Priority to US15/545,853 priority patent/US10888911B2/en
Priority to CN201680013624.4A priority patent/CN107427887B/en
Priority to JP2017546692A priority patent/JP6573677B2/en
Priority to RU2017124611A priority patent/RU2698236C2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2016/067899 priority patent/WO2017067682A1/en
Publication of EP3159068A1 publication Critical patent/EP3159068A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3159068B1 publication Critical patent/EP3159068B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/14—Spinning
    • B21D22/16—Spinning over shaping mandrels or formers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a forming machine for pressing / spin forming a workpiece with a machine bed, a headstock, a main spindle rotatably mounted on the headstock with a spinning mandrel, which is provided for receiving the workpiece, a support, which carries at least one machining tool, and which relative to Main spindle is axially displaceable in a longitudinal direction of the machine bed, a main spindle drive for rotationally driving the main spindle and a feed drive for moving the support.
  • the invention relates to a method for pressing / spin forming a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is arranged on a main spindle attached to spin-rolling mandrel, the main spindle is driven by one or more main spindle drives and a support on which at least one processing tool is arranged, relative to the Driven rolling mandrel for pressing / spin forming the workpiece is moved.
  • Pressing and pressure rollers are non-cutting forming processes in which a usually rotationally symmetrical workpiece (blank) is pressed or stretched by one or more pressing rollers or flow-forming rollers against its outer circumferential surface via a staggered spinning mandrel having a predetermined contour. In this case takes place during machining an axial feed of the spinning rollers relative to the workpiece.
  • the workpiece is pressed against the outer contour of the spinning mandrel and contoured to a desired contour, wherein also reducing the wall thickness can take place (spinning rollers).
  • the so-called flow-molding or stretch-flow-molding can be understood as one of the mentioned forming processes.
  • a generic spinning machine is for example from the DE 30 41 267 A1 out.
  • the main spindle is driven by a main spindle motor via a V-belt, a gear or a toothed belt drive.
  • Drive power up to 300 kW can be used.
  • Torques of up to approx. 40,000 Nm can be achieved via several gear stages in the headstock.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a forming machine for pressing / pressure-rolling a workpiece and a corresponding method, which are suitable for providing high Umform peak and for processing of large workpieces with the simplest possible design of the forming machine.
  • a forming machine is characterized in that the main spindle drive has at least two drive motors, each with a drive pinion and that the main spindle has one or more drive gears, which are driven by the drive pinion of the drive motors.
  • a basic idea of the invention can be seen to provide the power for driving the main spindle by a plurality of drive motors. This can be provided to provide high torque several smaller engines that can be offered in larger quantities on the market and thus be cheaper.
  • An advantage of the forming machine according to the invention is that a drive torque acting on the drive gear of the main spindle (total drive torque) is divided into a plurality, in particular two, partial drive torques.
  • the drive gear can thus be subjected to several, much lower partial loads instead of a substantially punctual, high total load.
  • the punctual load of the drive gear can thereby be significantly reduced. As a result, for example, reduces the requirements of the material or the dimensions of the gear and thus costs can be saved.
  • Another basic idea of the invention is to operate the at least two drive motors in parallel.
  • the provided on the main spindle drive gear is driven by the drive motors associated drive pinion for driving the main spindle simultaneously.
  • the drive pinions and / or the drive motors are arranged symmetrically to the drive gear of the main spindle.
  • a symmetrical arrangement is to be understood in particular to mean an arrangement having drive pinions or drive motors which are equidistant with respect to the drive gearwheel.
  • this may be understood to mean a rotationally symmetrical arrangement with respect to a rotational axis of the drive gear.
  • two drive pinions or drive motors these are accordingly offset by 180 ° with respect to each other, offset by three at 120 ° to one another, etc. Due to the symmetrical arrangement, the greatest possible relief of the drive gear takes place.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment is characterized in that the drive pinions are each arranged on a motor output shaft of the corresponding drive motor and that the drive pinion are directly in engagement with the drive gear of the main spindle.
  • the drives an exact speed synchronization is given.
  • a ratio i of 1:10 is achieved, which is a spindle speed of 0 to 200 minutes. -1 can result.
  • a constant torque of approx. 50,000 Nm is achieved. Even torques of more than 100,000 Nm can be realized.
  • the direct coupling of drive motor and main spindle dispenses with several gear stages, which are generally cost-intensive and susceptible to wear.
  • a particular advantage results from the fact that the energy usually dissipated in the transmission (friction losses) is available as additional drive energy for the main spindle.
  • the efficiency of the drive according to the invention is thus particularly good.
  • expensive lubrication and cooling systems for lubricating and cooling a transmission can be dispensed with.
  • the drive motors are designed as slowly rotating motors, in particular as three-phase asynchronous motors.
  • Such motors have a high nominal torque at low speeds. They therefore offer the advantage that no or only a low speed ratio for transmitting the power from the motor output to the main spindle is required.
  • the translation may be executed as a single-stage translation only. Transmission or translation losses can thus be significantly minimized.
  • Slow-rotating three-phase asynchronous motors are particularly suitable for providing large and temporally constant torques. Thus, torques of over 100,000 Nm can be realized.
  • the feed drive has a plurality of drive units, which are operable in a gantry operation.
  • a plurality of drive units for driving the support has the advantage that the drive power is divided.
  • a single drive unit therefore has to provide only a fraction of the total drive power available. As a result, the overall drive power can be increased in a simple manner.
  • the drive units In order to produce high-precision cylinder tubes, the drive units must be operated in synchronism. For this purpose, it is provided that the drive units are driven in a so-called gantry operation. In a gantry operation, for example, one or more drives follow synchronously a leading drive unit and thus ensure a symmetrical feed at sometimes different drive torques.
  • At least four drive units are provided.
  • the axial feeds which are provided by the drive units, are introduced as symmetrically as possible into the system with great positioning accuracy.
  • the axial relative movement of the spinning mandrel to the spinning roller can be done via a method of support, a method of the main spindle over the headstock or by a combination of both.
  • the headstock can also be referred to as a headstock. It has been found that four drive units a particularly reliable and accurate introduction of the feed forces in the support or the headstock with the main spindle enable. A special control technology ensures the required synchronization of the drive units.
  • the drive units are of the same design.
  • An identical embodiment of the drive units also has the advantage that storage costs and repair costs of the drive units can be reduced.
  • the drive units are arranged symmetrically about a machine axis of the forming machine.
  • a machine axis is understood in particular to mean an axis which runs through an axis of rotation of the main spindle. This axis also forms the center of symmetry of the forces acting on the support by machining the workpiece.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the forming machine according to the invention is characterized in that the drive units each have a ball screw and that the ballscrews are arranged parallel to each other.
  • Ball screw drives are suitable for exact positioning of the support due to their high precision.
  • four ball screws are provided, which are synchronized via a gantry dressing.
  • the drives are operated in synchronous rotation or precise position via a CNC control.
  • a drive can be provided with a planetary roller screw drive.
  • At least one ball screw is made in several parts, in particular two parts, that a first part of the ball screw is arranged in a loaded working area and a second, smaller part of the ball screw in an unloaded working area and that the second part of the ball screw for biasing the first part of the ball screw is biased.
  • a stressed working area here is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a region between the headstock and the support.
  • the second part of the ball screw has the function of a support. The support of the first part is achieved by biasing the second, unloaded part.
  • a rotary encoder / measuring system is arranged for position control and / or position control of the support on the second part of the ball screw.
  • Encoder / measuring system also known as incremental encoders a highly accurate detection of changes in position that can capture both the distance and the direction.
  • the ball screw spindles must have a large length.
  • a Kalottenabstützung is provided for supporting at least one ball screw. By such a support sagging of the ball screw is reduced. This leads to a more precise propulsion and a more precise guidance of the support. The quality of workpiece machining can thus be increased.
  • the execution as Kalottenabstützung is advantageous because it causes a low friction and is inexpensive to produce.
  • the Kalottenabstützung can be designed as a moving or as a continuous Kalottenabstützung.
  • a rotating nut and pre-tensioned spindle system can be used to increase the positioning accuracy of the support.
  • the main spindle transmits the torque to the spinning mandrel in a form-fitting manner.
  • the positive connection between the spinning mandrel and the main spindle can be provided in particular in addition to a frictional connection.
  • the frictional connection provided on the main spindle tool holder is designed as a cone seat.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the positive connection is given by the fact that the positive connection between the spinning mandrel and the main spindle is realized as a Hirth toothing. This is located both on the front side of the tool holder and on the front side of the spinning mandrel.
  • Hirth toothing can in a particularly advantageous and reliable manner the combination of a positive and a frictional connection can be realized.
  • an ejector device with a print head or rotary feed and a tailstock with a Andschreibverinrung are provided by means of which the spinning mandrel is clamped to the main spindle.
  • the flow-forming mandrel can be clamped to a cone of the tool holder and held securely during forming with high torques. Even during a workpiece change the spinning mandrel can be kept in this way.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that a tailstock is provided with a tailstock spindle, that between the main spindle and tailstock spindle speed synchronization is adjustable and that this speed synchronization is switchable to a torque-controlled operation.
  • the machine is preferably operated in torque-controlled mode.
  • the available torque can be further increased during the forming process.
  • the peripheral speed of the roller is synchronized to the machining diameter.
  • the spinning rollers and / or radial units of the support are mounted relative to each other adjustable and that the spinning rollers and / or the radial units are axially adjustable by means of an adjusting device under load.
  • the support several rollers or radial units are mounted linearly adjustable.
  • the adjustability is preferably in the axial direction, but may also be provided in the radial direction.
  • the radial units are bearing elements in which the spinning rollers are rotatably mounted.
  • corresponding adjusting devices which may have linear drives, the individual rollers or radial units can be adjusted and adjusted to each other.
  • at least one radial unit can be supported indirectly via a stabilization frame.
  • the adjustment is preferably carried out under load, so in the ongoing forming operation, so that very precise forming can be achieved.
  • the inventive method for pressing / spinning of the workpiece is characterized in that the main spindle drive has at least two drive motors each having a drive pinion and that the main spindle has a drive gear, which is driven by the drive pinion of the drive motors.
  • the main spindle drive has at least two drive motors each having a drive pinion and that the main spindle has a drive gear, which is driven by the drive pinion of the drive motors.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method consists in that the support and / or the headstock is moved by means of a plurality of drive units which are operated in a gantry dressing. Again, there are the advantages shown in connection with the corresponding forming machine.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 show a forming machine 1 according to the invention in different views.
  • the forming machine 1 has a machine bed 10 with a headstock 20 mounted thereon.
  • the headstock 20, which also as a headstock can be designated, is mounted fixed or axially movable.
  • On the machine bed 10, a support 30 is further guided displaceably parallel to a machine axis 8 of the forming machine.
  • a tailstock 40 Seen in the longitudinal direction from the perspective of the headstock 20 behind the support 30 has a first tailstock body 44 and a second tailstock body 45.
  • First tailstock body 44 and second tailstock body 45 are coupled together via a feed device 46.
  • the tailstock 40 may also be formed in one piece.
  • the tailstock 40 is preferably slidably coupled to the headstock 20. As a result, a displacement of the tailstock 40 is avoided, whereby a particularly efficient forming is possible.
  • a traverse 50 is provided above the machine bed 10 substantially parallel to the machine axis 8 and to a longitudinal direction of the machine bed 10. This extends substantially over the entire length of the machine bed 10. At least one end of the cross member 50 is firmly connected via at least one truss support 51, with the machine bed 10. In an embodiment with a fixed headstock 20, this can serve as a truss suspension.
  • the workpiece 5 to be formed is preferably a cylindrical body without bottom, which may also be referred to as a cylinder tube or cylinder liner.
  • the main spindle 22 is rotatably driven by a main spindle drive 23.
  • the main spindle drive 23 has, in the embodiment shown, two drive motors 23a and 23b, which are arranged at the same distance from the machine axis 8.
  • the drive motors 23a and 23b are located below the machine axis 8 and mirror-symmetrical to a vertical machine center plane 9 which extends through the machine axis 8.
  • the machine axis 8 represents, in particular, a longitudinal axis of the forming machine 1, which runs through an axis of rotation of the main spindle 22.
  • machining tools 26 are formed as spinning rollers or flow-forming rollers and are brought into engagement with the circumference of the workpiece 5 by advances in the spindle-radial direction. Due to the forces thus applied, a cold forming operation of the workpiece 5 takes place. In addition to the radial feed, an axial feed of the spinning rolls or flow-forming rolls takes place.
  • the support 30 in the in Fig. 1 The illustration shown moves to the left and the formed material flows in a so-called mating mode to the right, in a so-called synchronization process to the left.
  • On the support 30 three each offset by 120 ° machining tools 26 are arranged. Preferably, four each offset by 90 ° machining tools 26 may be provided, which allow an even better force distribution.
  • a feed drive is provided for the axial movement of the support 30, .
  • This has four drive units in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the drive units are designed as ball screw drives that can be operated in the so-called gantry dressing. By this achieved synchronization of the drive units ensures that the drive units bring the feeds symmetrically in the support.
  • a drive unit has in each case a ball screw 14 and a ball screw drive 16.
  • two opposite ball screws 14 with their corresponding ball screw drives 16 are arranged rotationally symmetrical about the machine axis 8. All drive units have the same distance from the machine axis 8.
  • Seen in cross section are the ball screws 14 in an upper and lower portion of the forming machine 1, wherein each two ball screws 14 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the machine center plane 9.
  • the ball screw drives 16 are concentrated in a vertical direction in an approximately central region laterally of the machine axis 8.
  • two ball screw drives 16 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the machine center plane 9.
  • four threaded spindle drives are used with a total of 3000 kN feed force.
  • 3000 kN feed force For example, from a steel box with 50 mm Wall thickness and 3000 mm length to produce a cylinder tube of 12 m in length and with a final wall thickness of 12.5 mm, it is intended to do this in one or two overflows, each with a wall thickness reduction of 50% and more.
  • Such stretching lengths were hitherto not possible with previously known, one-piece ball screw drives or planetary roller screw drives in the required size and accuracy.
  • a measuring system / rotary encoder 32 is provided for detecting the position of the support 30.
  • the achievable by this precise orientation is suitable to improve the position control or position control of the support 30.
  • the forming machine 1 For detecting the length of a counter-rolled rolled workpiece 5 during the forming, the forming machine 1 is equipped with a stretch length detecting measuring system 58.
  • the Streckinner chargedsmesssystem 58 has a measuring carriage 59 which carries a compact module and is guided along a rail 52 along the crossbar 50 longitudinally displaceable.
  • the tailstock 40 has a first tailstock body 44 and a second tailstock body 45 in this embodiment.
  • On the second tailstock body 45 is in extension of the main spindle 22, at the height of the machine axis 8, a tailstock spindle 41 with a tool holder, in particular for a Andschreibverinrung 47, rotatably mounted.
  • the tailstock spindle 41 is driven by a preferably same spindle drive, as it is also used for the main spindle 22. As a result, a cost-effective storage is achieved.
  • a tailstock spindle drive 43 is in Fig. 2 shown.
  • the spinning mandrel 24 is rotationally fixed, in particular by an axial Hirth toothing, connected to the main spindle 22.
  • the tailstock 40 in particular the second tailstock body 45
  • the tailstock spindle 41 and the Andrückverinrung 47 can be axially pressed against the spinning mandrel 24 and the workpiece 5 (cylinder tube).
  • An axial and radial contact force is adjustable according to requirements. This ensures that a secure positive connection between the main spindle 22 and spinning mandrel 24 is ensured even during the forming process at high torques.
  • an ejector device 18 is provided on the headstock 20.
  • the ejection device 18 is equipped with a print head and can be used in conjunction with the Andrückverinrung 47 in addition to tension the spinning mandrel 24 on the main spindle 22 and - to keep it safe even at high torques. Also, the ejection device 18 can be used for other additional functions, such as the operation of displacement or spreading tools.
  • a plurality of support means 56 are provided with roller bodies 54, which are suitable for receiving axial and radial rotational movements and rotational movements.
  • the support 56 can be omitted.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 show the in Fig. 1 illustrated forming machine 1 in a view from above.
  • the tailstock spindle 41, the Andrückverinrung 47 and the tailstock spindle drive 43 are radially movable to the machine axis 8 in a lateral region of the forming machine 1.
  • Fig. 3 shows a front view of the forming machine 1. To prevent the escape of cooling emulsion encapsulation 66 of the working space is provided.
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the forming machine 1 along the section line A - B of Fig. 1 .
  • Three processing tools 26 in the form of spinning rolls or spinning rolls are each offset by 120 ° from one another about the spinning mandrel 24.
  • At the support housing three stripping devices 28 for stripping the finished workpiece 5 from the spinning mandrel 24 are also arranged offset by 120 ° to each other. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the stripping devices 28, tilting of the workpiece 5 during stripping from the spinning mandrel 24 is prevented.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along the section line C - D of Fig. 1 ,
  • the tailstock spindle 41 is arranged on a spindle slide 62.
  • the spindle slide 62 is displaceable along a slide guide 63.
  • several guide carriages or guide shoes 64 are arranged on the spindle slide 62.
  • the Tailstock spindle 41 is moved out with the spindle slide 62 from a region of the machine axis 8.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 In another embodiment of the invention, a forming machine with a total of four spinning rollers 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d is shown schematically, which transform a tubular workpiece 5 on a spinning mandrel 24.
  • the four spinning rollers 35 are offset by 90 ° to each other about the axis of rotation of the spinning mandrel 24 and distributed around the circumference of the workpiece 5.
  • the individual spinning rollers 35 with respect to their axial and radial position to each other differences, so that the four spinning rollers 35 each make different forming steps.
  • the first leading pusher roller 35a has an axially leading and a radially outboard position.
  • the first spinning roller 35a has a conical roller peripheral surface 36 which has a first flat angle of inclination to a roller axis which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece 5.
  • the position of the second pusher roller 35b and the third pusher roller 35c each have a position further retarded in the axial and radial directions to accordingly perform further forming steps. In this case, the angle of inclination of the roller peripheral surface 36 to the roller axle continues to increase.
  • the fourth and last spinning roller 35d is trailing in the axial direction and has, in the radial direction, the inner position, which defines the final diameter for the workpiece 5.
  • the lead-in angle of the fourth pusher roll 35d is most inclined to the roll axis to effect a desired spin forming and material displacement.
  • Each of the spinning rollers is also provided with an open surface 37. This ensures a smoothing of the leaking material surface.
  • the transition from the roller peripheral surface 36 to the free surface 37 is provided with a more or less large radius. Very large radii can also replace the conical surface 36.
  • the support 30 is preferably designed as a frame construction to accommodate the high forming forces safely.
  • the required axial displacement of the spinning rollers 35 can be adjusted manually via adjusting spindles and / or displaceable roller bearings. Also provided is an automatic role-axial shift, which allows a displacement of the rollers or the axial displacement in the process and / or under load.
  • Another preferred embodiment uses the existing axial feed drives of the support.
  • a multi-part design of the support is then used, which in turn are interconnected via axial guides.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Umformmaschine zum Drücken/Drückwalzen eines Werkstücks mit einem Maschinenbett, einem Spindelstock, einer an dem Spindelstock drehbar gelagerten Hauptspindel mit einem Drückwalzdorn, welcher zur Aufnahme des Werkstücks vorgesehen ist, einem Support, welcher mindestens ein Bearbeitungswerkzeug trägt, und welcher relativ zur Hauptspindel in einer Längsrichtung des Maschinenbetts axial verschiebbar ist, einem Hauptspindelantrieb zum drehenden Antreiben der Hauptspindel und einem Vorschubantrieb zum Verschieben des Supports.The invention relates to a forming machine for pressing / spin forming a workpiece with a machine bed, a headstock, a main spindle rotatably mounted on the headstock with a spinning mandrel, which is provided for receiving the workpiece, a support, which carries at least one machining tool, and which relative to Main spindle is axially displaceable in a longitudinal direction of the machine bed, a main spindle drive for rotationally driving the main spindle and a feed drive for moving the support.

Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Drücken/Drückwalzen eines Werkstücks, bei welchem das Werkstück an einem an einer Hauptspindel befestigten Drückwalzdorn angeordnet wird, die Hauptspindel durch einen oder mehrere Hauptspindelantriebe angetrieben wird und ein Support, an welchem mindestens ein Bearbeitungswerkzeug angeordnet ist, gegenüber dem Drückwalzdorn zum Drücken/Drückwalzen des Werkstücks verfahren wird.Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for pressing / spin forming a workpiece, wherein the workpiece is arranged on a main spindle attached to spin-rolling mandrel, the main spindle is driven by one or more main spindle drives and a support on which at least one processing tool is arranged, relative to the Driven rolling mandrel for pressing / spin forming the workpiece is moved.

Drücken und Drückwalzen sind spanlose Umformverfahren, bei denen ein zumeist rotationssymmetrisches Werkstück (Rohling) durch eine oder mehrere gegen seine Außenumfangsfläche anliegende Drückrollen beziehungsweise Drückwalzrollen über einen im Rotation versetzten Drückwalzdorn mit einer vorgegebenen Kontur gedrückt beziehungsweise abgestreckt wird. Dabei findet während der Bearbeitung ein Axialvorschub der Drückrollen gegenüber dem Werkstück statt. Das Werkstück wird gegen die Außenkontur des Drückwalzdorns gedrückt und zu einer gewünschten Kontur konturiert, wobei auch ein Reduzieren der Wandstärke stattfinden kann (Drückwalzen). Unter den genannten Umformverfahren kann insbesondere auch das sogenannte Fließdrücken oder Streckfließdrücken verstanden werden.Pressing and pressure rollers are non-cutting forming processes in which a usually rotationally symmetrical workpiece (blank) is pressed or stretched by one or more pressing rollers or flow-forming rollers against its outer circumferential surface via a staggered spinning mandrel having a predetermined contour. In this case takes place during machining an axial feed of the spinning rollers relative to the workpiece. The workpiece is pressed against the outer contour of the spinning mandrel and contoured to a desired contour, wherein also reducing the wall thickness can take place (spinning rollers). In particular, the so-called flow-molding or stretch-flow-molding can be understood as one of the mentioned forming processes.

Eine gattungsgemäße Drückmaschine geht beispielsweise aus der DE 30 41 267 A1 hervor.A generic spinning machine is for example from the DE 30 41 267 A1 out.

Bei bekannten Drück- oder Drückwalzmaschinen wird die Hauptspindel durch einen Hauptspindelmotor über einen Keilriemen, ein Getriebe oder einen Zahnriemenantrieb angetrieben. Dabei sind Antriebsleistungen bis zu 300 kW einsetzbar. Über mehrere Getriebestufen im Spindelkasten können Drehmomente bis ca. 40.000 Nm erreicht werden.In known spinning or flow-forming machines, the main spindle is driven by a main spindle motor via a V-belt, a gear or a toothed belt drive. Drive power up to 300 kW can be used. Torques of up to approx. 40,000 Nm can be achieved via several gear stages in the headstock.

Derartige Antriebe haben den Nachteil, dass Getriebestufen kostenintensiv sind und sich der Wirkungsgrad durch Reibungsverluste innerhalb der Getriebestufen verschlechtert. Üblicherweise werden aufwändige Schmier- und Kühlsysteme installiert. Bei großen zu bearbeitenden Werkstücken und bei hohen Wandstärkenreduzierungen müssen erhebliche Leistungen zur Umformung aufgebracht werden. Insbesondere sind erhebliche Leistungen zum Drehen des Drückwalzdorns und zum Vorschub des Supports, an welchem die Bearbeitungswerkzeuge, insbesondere Drückrollen, angeordnet sind, erforderlich. Bei bekannten Antrieben des Drückwalzdorns und des Supports bestehen obere Leistungsgrenzen.Such drives have the disadvantage that gear stages are expensive and the efficiency deteriorates due to friction losses within the gear stages. Usually, complex lubrication and cooling systems are installed. With large workpieces to be machined and with high wall thickness reductions, considerable performance must be applied for forming. In particular, considerable services are required for rotating the spinning mandrel and for advancing the support on which the machining tools, in particular spinning rollers, are arranged. In known drives of the spinning mandrel and the support upper performance limits exist.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Umformmaschine zum Drücken/Drückwalzen eines Werkstücks und ein entsprechendes Verfahren anzugeben, welche zur Bereitstellung von hohen Umformleistungen und zur Bearbeitung von großen Werkstücken bei einer möglichst einfachen Gestaltung der Umformmaschine geeignet sind.The invention has for its object to provide a forming machine for pressing / pressure-rolling a workpiece and a corresponding method, which are suitable for providing high Umformleistungen and for processing of large workpieces with the simplest possible design of the forming machine.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch eine Umformmaschine mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weiter wird die Aufgabe durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 18 gelöst.This object is achieved by a forming machine having the features of claim 1. Further, the object is achieved by a method according to claim 18.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen sind in den jeweiligen Unteransprüchen angegeben.Preferred embodiments are specified in the respective subclaims.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Umformmaschine ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hauptspindelantrieb mindestens zwei Antriebsmotoren mit jeweils einem Antriebsritzel aufweist und dass die Hauptspindel ein oder mehrere Antriebszahnräder aufweist, welche durch die Antriebsritzel der Antriebsmotoren antreibbar sind.A forming machine according to the invention is characterized in that the main spindle drive has at least two drive motors, each with a drive pinion and that the main spindle has one or more drive gears, which are driven by the drive pinion of the drive motors.

Ein Grundgedanke der Erfindung kann darin gesehen werden, die Leistung zum Antreiben der Hauptspindel durch mehrere Antriebsmotoren bereitzustellen. Damit können zur Bereitstellung von großen Drehmomenten mehrere kleinere Motoren vorgesehen werden, die in größeren Stückzahlen am Markt angeboten und somit kostengünstiger sein können.A basic idea of the invention can be seen to provide the power for driving the main spindle by a plurality of drive motors. This can be provided to provide high torque several smaller engines that can be offered in larger quantities on the market and thus be cheaper.

Ein Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Umformmaschine besteht darin, dass ein auf das Antriebszahnrad der Hauptspindel wirkendes Antriebsmoment (Gesamtantriebsmoment) in mehrere, insbesondere zwei, Teilantriebsmomente aufgeteilt wird. Das Antriebszahnrad kann somit anstelle einer im Wesentlichen punktuellen, hohen Gesamtbelastung mehreren, deutlich geringeren Teilbelastungen ausgesetzt werden. Die punktuelle Belastung des Antriebszahnrades kann hierdurch deutlich reduziert werden. Hierdurch können beispielsweise die Anforderungen an das Material oder die Abmessungen des Zahnrades reduziert und somit Kosten gespart werden.An advantage of the forming machine according to the invention is that a drive torque acting on the drive gear of the main spindle (total drive torque) is divided into a plurality, in particular two, partial drive torques. The drive gear can thus be subjected to several, much lower partial loads instead of a substantially punctual, high total load. The punctual load of the drive gear can thereby be significantly reduced. As a result, for example, reduces the requirements of the material or the dimensions of the gear and thus costs can be saved.

Ein weiterer Grundgedanke der Erfindung ist es, die mindestens zwei Antriebsmotoren parallel zu betreiben. Hierzu wird das auf der Hauptspindel vorgesehene Antriebszahnrad durch die den Antriebsmotoren zugeordneten Antriebsritzel zum Antreiben der Hauptspindel gleichzeitig angetrieben.Another basic idea of the invention is to operate the at least two drive motors in parallel. For this purpose, the provided on the main spindle drive gear is driven by the drive motors associated drive pinion for driving the main spindle simultaneously.

Nach der Erfindung ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass die Antriebsritzel und/oder die Antriebsmotoren symmetrisch zu dem Antriebszahnrad der Hauptspindel angeordnet sind. Unter einer symmetrischen Anordnung ist hierbei insbesondere eine Anordnung mit in Bezug auf das Antriebszahnrad äquidistanten Antriebsritzeln bzw. Antriebsmotoren zu verstehen. Auch kann hierunter eine rotationssymmetrische Anordnung mit Bezug auf eine Rotationsachse des Antriebszahnrads zu verstehen sein. Bei zwei Antriebsritzeln bzw. Antriebsmotoren sind diese demnach um 180° zueinander versetzt, bei drei um 120° zueinander versetzt usw. angeordnet. Durch die symmetrische Anordnung findet eine möglichst große Entlastung des Antriebszahnrads statt. Durch die versetzte Anordnung der Antriebsritzel bzw. Antriebsmotoren werden die einzelnen Drehmomente der Antriebsmotoren an unterschiedlichen Stellen des Antriebszahnrades eingeleitet. Durch einen Master-Slave-Betrieb wird eine gleichmäßige Drehmomentbelastung der einzelnen Motore sichergestellt. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Zahnradbreite und damit auch das Zahnradgewicht und das damit einhergehende Schwungmoment (GD2) beziehungsweise das Trägheitsmoment der Umformmaschine wesentlich verringert wird. Dies wirkt sich unter anderem positiv auf das Hochfahren beziehungsweise Abbremsen der Maschine aus.According to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the drive pinions and / or the drive motors are arranged symmetrically to the drive gear of the main spindle. In this case, a symmetrical arrangement is to be understood in particular to mean an arrangement having drive pinions or drive motors which are equidistant with respect to the drive gearwheel. Also, this may be understood to mean a rotationally symmetrical arrangement with respect to a rotational axis of the drive gear. In the case of two drive pinions or drive motors, these are accordingly offset by 180 ° with respect to each other, offset by three at 120 ° to one another, etc. Due to the symmetrical arrangement, the greatest possible relief of the drive gear takes place. Due to the staggered arrangement of the drive pinion or drive motors are the individual torques of the drive motors initiated at different points of the drive gear. A master-slave operation ensures a uniform torque load on the individual motors. This has the advantage that the gear width and thus also the gear weight and the associated moment of inertia (GD 2 ) or the moment of inertia of the forming machine is substantially reduced. Among other things, this has a positive effect on the start-up or braking of the machine.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebsritzel jeweils auf einer Motorausgangswelle des entsprechenden Antriebsmotors angeordnet sind und dass die Antriebsritzel unmittelbar mit dem Antriebszahnrad der Hauptspindel in Eingriff stehen. Bei dieser Anordnung der Antriebe ist eine exakte Drehzahlsynchronisation gegeben. In einem Ausführungsbeispiel wird eine Übersetzung i von 1:10 erreicht, was eine Spindeldrehzahl von 0 bis 200 min.-1 ergeben kann. Bei einer Spindeldrehzahl von 0 bis 50 min.-1 wird ein konstantes Drehmoment von ca. 50.000 Nm erreicht. Auch Drehmomente von über 100.000 Nm lassen sich realisieren. Die direkte Koppelung von Antriebsmotor und Hauptspindel verzichtet auf mehrere Getriebestufen, welche im Allgemeinen kostenintensiv und verschleißanfällig sind. Ein besonderer Vorteil ergibt sich dahingehend, dass die üblicherweise im Getriebe dissipierte Energie (Reibungsverluste) als zusätzliche Antriebsenergie für die Hauptspindel zur Verfügung steht. Der Wirkungsgrad des erfindungsgemäßen Antriebs ist somit besonders gut. Zudem kann auf aufwändige Schmier- und Kühlsysteme zur Schmierung und Kühlung eines Getriebes verzichtet werden.A particularly preferred embodiment is characterized in that the drive pinions are each arranged on a motor output shaft of the corresponding drive motor and that the drive pinion are directly in engagement with the drive gear of the main spindle. In this arrangement, the drives an exact speed synchronization is given. In one embodiment, a ratio i of 1:10 is achieved, which is a spindle speed of 0 to 200 minutes. -1 can result. At a spindle speed of 0 to 50 min. -1 , a constant torque of approx. 50,000 Nm is achieved. Even torques of more than 100,000 Nm can be realized. The direct coupling of drive motor and main spindle dispenses with several gear stages, which are generally cost-intensive and susceptible to wear. A particular advantage results from the fact that the energy usually dissipated in the transmission (friction losses) is available as additional drive energy for the main spindle. The efficiency of the drive according to the invention is thus particularly good. In addition, expensive lubrication and cooling systems for lubricating and cooling a transmission can be dispensed with.

Nach der Erfindung ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass die Antriebsmotoren als langsam drehende Motoren, insbesondere als Drehstrom-Asynchron-Motoren, ausgebildet sind. Derartige Motoren besitzen bei kleinen Drehzahlen ein hohes Nennmoment. Sie bieten daher den Vorteil, dass keine oder nur eine geringe Drehzahlübersetzung zur Übertragung der Leistung vom Motorausgang an die Hauptspindel erforderlich ist. Insbesondere kann die Übersetzung als eine lediglich einstufige Übersetzung ausgeführt sein. Getriebe- bzw. Übersetzungsverluste können somit deutlich minimiert werden. Langsam drehende Drehstrom-Asynchron-Motoren eignen sich insbesondere zur Bereitstellung von großen und zeitlich konstanten Drehmomenten. So sind Drehmomente von über 100.000 Nm realisierbar.According to the invention, it is particularly preferred that the drive motors are designed as slowly rotating motors, in particular as three-phase asynchronous motors. Such motors have a high nominal torque at low speeds. They therefore offer the advantage that no or only a low speed ratio for transmitting the power from the motor output to the main spindle is required. In particular, the translation may be executed as a single-stage translation only. Transmission or translation losses can thus be significantly minimized. Slow-rotating three-phase asynchronous motors are particularly suitable for providing large and temporally constant torques. Thus, torques of over 100,000 Nm can be realized.

Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es vorgesehen, dass der Vorschubantrieb mehrere Antriebseinheiten aufweist, welche in einem Gantry-Betrieb betreibbar sind. Im Gegensatz zu einer einzigen, zentralen Antriebseinheit hat eine Mehrzahl von Antriebseinheiten zum Antreiben des Supports den Vorteil, dass die Antriebsleistung aufgeteilt wird. Eine einzelne Antriebseinheit hat daher nur einen Bruchteil der gesamten Antriebsleistung zur Verfügung zu stellen. Hierdurch kann die Gesamtantriebsleistung auf einfache Art und Weise erhöht werden.According to a further embodiment of the present invention, it is provided that the feed drive has a plurality of drive units, which are operable in a gantry operation. In contrast to a single central drive unit, a plurality of drive units for driving the support has the advantage that the drive power is divided. A single drive unit therefore has to provide only a fraction of the total drive power available. As a result, the overall drive power can be increased in a simple manner.

Um hochpräzise Zylinderrohre zu fertigen, müssen die Antriebseinheiten im Gleichlauf betrieben werden. Hierzu ist vorgesehen, dass die Antriebseinheiten in einem sogenannten Gantry-Betrieb gefahren werden. Bei einem Gantry-Betrieb folgen zum Beispiel ein oder mehrere Antriebe synchron einer führenden Antriebseinheit und stellen somit einen symmetrischen Vorschub bei zum Teil unterschiedlichen Antriebsmomenten sicher.In order to produce high-precision cylinder tubes, the drive units must be operated in synchronism. For this purpose, it is provided that the drive units are driven in a so-called gantry operation. In a gantry operation, for example, one or more drives follow synchronously a leading drive unit and thus ensure a symmetrical feed at sometimes different drive torques.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es in diesem Zusammenhang, dass mindestens vier Antriebseinheiten vorgesehen sind. Für eine präzise Bearbeitung des Werkstücks ist es erforderlich, dass die axialen Vorschübe, welche durch die Antriebseinheiten bereitgestellt werden, mit großer Positioniergenauigkeit möglichst symmetrisch in das System eingeleitet werden. Die axiale Relativbewegung des Drückwalzdornes zur Drückrolle kann über ein Verfahren des Supports, ein Verfahren der Hauptspindel über den Spindelstock oder durch eine Kombination von beiden erfolgen. Der Spindelstock kann auch als Spindelkasten bezeichnet werden. Dabei hat sich herausgestellt, dass vier Antriebseinheiten eine besonders zuverlässige und genaue Einleitung der Vorschubkräfte in den Support oder den Spindelstock mit der Hauptspindel ermöglichen. Eine spezielle Regelungstechnik sorgt für den erforderlichen Gleichlauf der Antriebseinheiten.It is particularly preferred in this context that at least four drive units are provided. For a precise machining of the workpiece, it is necessary that the axial feeds, which are provided by the drive units, are introduced as symmetrically as possible into the system with great positioning accuracy. The axial relative movement of the spinning mandrel to the spinning roller can be done via a method of support, a method of the main spindle over the headstock or by a combination of both. The headstock can also be referred to as a headstock. It has been found that four drive units a particularly reliable and accurate introduction of the feed forces in the support or the headstock with the main spindle enable. A special control technology ensures the required synchronization of the drive units.

Im Hinblick auf die erforderliche synchrone Einleitung der Vorschubkräfte ist es besonders bevorzugt, dass die Antriebseinheiten gleich ausgebildet sind. Eine gleiche Ausführung der Antriebseinheiten hat zudem den Vorteil, dass Lagerhaltungs- und Reparaturkosten der Antriebseinheiten reduziert werden können.With regard to the required synchronous introduction of the feed forces, it is particularly preferred that the drive units are of the same design. An identical embodiment of the drive units also has the advantage that storage costs and repair costs of the drive units can be reduced.

Um Kippmomente auf den Support oder den Spindelstock beim axialen Verfahren möglichst zu reduzieren, ist gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass die Antriebseinheiten symmetrisch um eine Maschinenachse der Umformmaschine herum angeordnet sind. Unter einer Maschinenachse ist insbesondere eine Achse zu verstehen, welche durch eine Rotationsachse der Hauptspindel verläuft. Diese Achse bildet auch das Symmetriezentrum der auf den Support durch die Bearbeitung des Werkstücks wirkenden Kräfte. Eine derartige symmetrische Anordnung der Antriebseinheiten unterstützt somit eine zuverlässige Führung des Supports oder des Spindelstocks am Maschinenbett.In order to reduce tilting moments as far as possible on the support or the headstock during axial movement, it is provided according to a preferred embodiment that the drive units are arranged symmetrically about a machine axis of the forming machine. A machine axis is understood in particular to mean an axis which runs through an axis of rotation of the main spindle. This axis also forms the center of symmetry of the forces acting on the support by machining the workpiece. Such a symmetrical arrangement of the drive units thus supports reliable guidance of the support or of the headstock on the machine bed.

Eine vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Umformmaschine ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebseinheiten jeweils eine Kugelgewindespindel aufweisen und dass die Kugelgewindespindeln zueinander parallel angeordnet sind. Kugelgewindeantriebe eignen sich durch ihre hohe Präzision zur exakten Positionierung des Supports. Vorzugsweise sind 4 Kugelgewindetriebe vorgesehen, welche über einen Gantry-Verband synchronisiert sind. Über eine CNC-Steuerung werden die Antriebe drehwinkelsynchron oder positionsgenau betrieben. Alternativ kann auch ein Antrieb mit einem Planetenrollen-Gewindetrieb vorgesehen sein.An advantageous embodiment of the forming machine according to the invention is characterized in that the drive units each have a ball screw and that the ballscrews are arranged parallel to each other. Ball screw drives are suitable for exact positioning of the support due to their high precision. Preferably, four ball screws are provided, which are synchronized via a gantry dressing. The drives are operated in synchronous rotation or precise position via a CNC control. Alternatively, a drive can be provided with a planetary roller screw drive.

Insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit besonders langen Kugelgewindespindeln ist gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass mindestens eine Kugelgewindespindel mehrteilig, insbesondere zweiteilig, ausgeführt ist, dass ein erster Teil der Kugelgewindespindel in einem belasteten Arbeitsbereich und ein zweiter, kleinerer Teil der Kugelgewindespindel in einem unbelasteten Arbeitsbereich angeordnet ist und dass der zweite Teil der Kugelgewindespindel zur Abstützung des ersten Teils der Kugelgewindespindel vorspannbar ist. Unter einem belasteten Arbeitsbereich ist hierbei insbesondere ein Bereich zwischen dem Spindelstock und dem Support zu verstehen. Der zweite Teil der Kugelgewindespindel hat die Funktion einer Abstützung. Die Abstützung des ersten Teils wird durch Vorspannung des zweiten, unbelasteten Teils erreicht.In particular, in connection with particularly long ball screws, it is provided according to a preferred embodiment that at least one ball screw is made in several parts, in particular two parts, that a first part of the ball screw is arranged in a loaded working area and a second, smaller part of the ball screw in an unloaded working area and that the second part of the ball screw for biasing the first part of the ball screw is biased. A stressed working area here is to be understood as meaning, in particular, a region between the headstock and the support. The second part of the ball screw has the function of a support. The support of the first part is achieved by biasing the second, unloaded part.

Weiterhin ist es bevorzugt, dass zur Positionskontrolle und/oder Positionsregelung des Supports am zweiten Teil der Kugelgewindespindel ein Drehgeber/Messsystem angeordnet ist. Drehgeber/Messsystem, auch bekannt als Inkrementalgeber, ermöglichen eine hochgenaue Erfassung von Lageänderungen, die sowohl die Wegstrecke als auch -richtung erfassen können.Furthermore, it is preferred that for position control and / or position control of the support on the second part of the ball screw a rotary encoder / measuring system is arranged. Encoder / measuring system, also known as incremental encoders a highly accurate detection of changes in position that can capture both the distance and the direction.

Zur Bearbeitung von besonders langen Werkstücken müssen die Kugelgewindespindeln eine große Länge aufweisen. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist daher vorgesehen, dass zur Abstützung mindestens einer Kugelgewindespindel eine Kalottenabstützung vorgesehen ist. Durch eine derartige Abstützung wird ein Durchhängen der Kugelgewindespindel reduziert. Dies führt zu einem präziseren Vortrieb und einer präziseren Führung des Supports. Die Qualität der Werkstückbearbeitung kann somit erhöht werden. Die Ausführung als Kalottenabstützung ist deshalb vorteilhaft, weil diese eine geringe Reibung verursacht und günstig herstellbar ist.For machining particularly long workpieces, the ball screw spindles must have a large length. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is therefore provided that a Kalottenabstützung is provided for supporting at least one ball screw. By such a support sagging of the ball screw is reduced. This leads to a more precise propulsion and a more precise guidance of the support. The quality of workpiece machining can thus be increased. The execution as Kalottenabstützung is advantageous because it causes a low friction and is inexpensive to produce.

Die Kalottenabstützung kann als mitfahrende oder auch als durchgängige Kalottenabstützung ausgeführt sein. Alternativ kann auch ein System mit drehender Mutter und vorgereckter (vorgespannter) Spindel eingesetzt werden, um die Positioniergenauigkeit des Supports zu erhöhen.The Kalottenabstützung can be designed as a moving or as a continuous Kalottenabstützung. Alternatively, a rotating nut and pre-tensioned spindle system can be used to increase the positioning accuracy of the support.

Aufgrund des hohen Drehmomentes ist an der Hauptspindel eine Werkzeugaufnahme in Anlehnung an DIN 55027 zur Aufnahme eines Drückwalzdorns der Größe 20 oder größer, in verstärkter Ausführung - im Gegensatz zur üblichen und bekannten Größe 15 - vorgesehen. Zur Übertragung großer Drehmomente ist gemäß einer weiteren, bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Hauptspindel das Drehmoment formschlüssig auf den Drückwalzdorn überträgt. Die formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Drückwalzdorn und Hauptspindel kann insbesondere zusätzlich zu einer reibschlüssigen Verbindung vorgesehen sein. Für die reibschlüssige Verbindung ist die an der Hauptspindel vorgesehene Werkzeugaufnahme als Konusaufnahme ausgebildet.Due to the high torque is on the main spindle a tool holder based on DIN 55027 for receiving a flow-forming mandrel size 20 or larger, in reinforced design - in contrast to the usual and known size 15 - provided. For transmitting large torques, according to a further, preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the main spindle transmits the torque to the spinning mandrel in a form-fitting manner. The positive connection between the spinning mandrel and the main spindle can be provided in particular in addition to a frictional connection. For the frictional connection provided on the main spindle tool holder is designed as a cone seat.

Eine besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der formschlüssigen Verbindung ist dadurch gegeben, dass die formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Drückwalzdorn und Hauptspindel als Hirth-Verzahnung realisiert ist. Diese befindet sich sowohl an der Stirnseite der Werkzeugaufnahme als auch an der Stirnseite des Drückwalzdorns. Durch die Hirth-Verzahnung kann in besonders vorteilhafter und zuverlässiger Weise die Kombination einer formschlüssigen und einer reibschlüssigen Verbindung realisiert werden.A particularly preferred embodiment of the positive connection is given by the fact that the positive connection between the spinning mandrel and the main spindle is realized as a Hirth toothing. This is located both on the front side of the tool holder and on the front side of the spinning mandrel. By the Hirth toothing can in a particularly advantageous and reliable manner the combination of a positive and a frictional connection can be realized.

Um auch bei hohen Drehmomenten den Drückwalzdorn sicher an der Hauptspindel zu halten, ist es bevorzugt, dass eine Ausstoßereinrichtung mit einem Druckkopf oder Drehzufuhr und ein Reitstock mit einer Andrückverlängerung vorgesehen sind, mittels welchen der Drückwalzdorn auf die Hauptspindel spannbar ist. Durch jeweilige Axialkräfte der Ausstoßereinrichtung mit dem Druckkopf/Drehzufuhr und des Reitstocks mit der Andrückverlängerung kann der Drückwalzdorn auf einen Konus der Werkzeugaufnahme gespannt werden und beim Umformen mit hohen Drehmomenten sicher gehalten werden. Auch während eines Werkstückwechsels kann der Drückwalzdorn auf diese Weise gehalten werden.In order to securely hold the spinning mandrel to the main spindle even at high torques, it is preferred that an ejector device with a print head or rotary feed and a tailstock with a Andrückverlängerung are provided by means of which the spinning mandrel is clamped to the main spindle. By respective axial forces of the ejector device with the print head / rotary feed and the tailstock with the Andrückverlängerung the flow-forming mandrel can be clamped to a cone of the tool holder and held securely during forming with high torques. Even during a workpiece change the spinning mandrel can be kept in this way.

Eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dass ein Reitstock mit einer Reitstockspindel vorgesehen ist, dass zwischen Hauptspindel und Reitstockspindel eine Drehzahlsynchronisation einstellbar ist und dass diese Drehzahlsynchronisation auf einen drehmomentgesteuerten Betrieb umstellbar ist. Hierdurch können besonders hohe Umformleistungen erzielt werden. Die Maschine wird vorzugsweise im drehmomentgesteuerten Betrieb gefahren. Durch angetriebene Drückrollen bzw. Drückwalzrollen kann das zur Verfügung gestellte Drehmoment während des Umformvorganges weiter erhöht werden. Vorzugsweise wird die Umfangsgeschwindigkeit der Rolle zum Bearbeitungsdurchmesser synchronisiert.A further advantageous embodiment of the invention is that a tailstock is provided with a tailstock spindle, that between the main spindle and tailstock spindle speed synchronization is adjustable and that this speed synchronization is switchable to a torque-controlled operation. As a result, particularly high conversion rates can be achieved. The machine is preferably operated in torque-controlled mode. By means of driven pressure rollers or flow rollers, the available torque can be further increased during the forming process. Preferably, the peripheral speed of the roller is synchronized to the machining diameter.

Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist es bevorzugt, das Drückrollen und/oder Radialeinheiten des Supports relativ zueinander verstellbar gelagert sind und dass die Drückrollen und/oder die Radialeinheiten mittels einer Stelleinrichtung axial unter Last verstellbar sind. In dem Support sind mehrere Rollen oder Radialeinheiten linear verstellbar gelagert. Die Verstellbarkeit ist vorzugsweise in axialer Richtung, kann jedoch auch in radialer Richtung vorgesehen sein. Die Radialeinheiten sind Lagerelemente, in welchen die Drückrollen drehbar gelagert sind. Über entsprechende Stelleinrichtungen, welche Linearantriebe aufweisen können, können die einzelnen Rollen oder Radialeinheiten zueinander verstellt und justiert werden. Dabei kann mindestens eine Radialeinheit indirekt über einen Stabilisierungsrahmen abgestützt werden. Die Verstellung erfolgt vorzugsweise unter Last, also im laufenden Umformbetrieb, so dass sehr präzise Umformungen erzielt werden können.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is preferred that the spinning rollers and / or radial units of the support are mounted relative to each other adjustable and that the spinning rollers and / or the radial units are axially adjustable by means of an adjusting device under load. In the support several rollers or radial units are mounted linearly adjustable. The adjustability is preferably in the axial direction, but may also be provided in the radial direction. The radial units are bearing elements in which the spinning rollers are rotatably mounted. By means of corresponding adjusting devices, which may have linear drives, the individual rollers or radial units can be adjusted and adjusted to each other. In this case, at least one radial unit can be supported indirectly via a stabilization frame. The adjustment is preferably carried out under load, so in the ongoing forming operation, so that very precise forming can be achieved.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Drücken/Drückwalzen des Werkstücks ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hauptspindelantrieb mindestens zwei Antriebsmotoren mit jeweils einem Antriebsritzel aufweist und dass die Hauptspindel ein Antriebszahnrad aufweist, welches durch die Antriebsritzel der Antriebsmotoren angetrieben wird. Durch diese Art des Antriebs können besonders große Drehmomente bereitgestellt werden, wie in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Umformmaschine beschrieben.The inventive method for pressing / spinning of the workpiece is characterized in that the main spindle drive has at least two drive motors each having a drive pinion and that the main spindle has a drive gear, which is driven by the drive pinion of the drive motors. By this type of drive particularly large torques can be provided, as described in connection with the forming machine according to the invention.

Eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens besteht darin, dass der Support und/oder der Spindelstock mittels mehrerer Antriebseinheiten, welche in einem Gantry-Verband betrieben werden, verfahren wird. Auch hier ergeben sich die in Verbindung mit der entsprechenden Umformmaschine aufgezeigten Vorteile.A preferred embodiment of the method consists in that the support and / or the headstock is moved by means of a plurality of drive units which are operated in a gantry dressing. Again, there are the advantages shown in connection with the corresponding forming machine.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der beiliegenden schematischen Zeichnungen weiter beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Umformmaschine aus Sicht einer Bedienerseite;
Fig. 2
eine schematische Ansicht von oben der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Umformmaschine;
Fig. 3
eine Frontansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Umformmaschine;
Fig. 4
eine Querschnittsansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Umformmaschine entlang der Schnittlinie A - B;
Fig. 5
eine Querschnittsansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Umformmaschine entlang der Schnittlinie C - D;
Fig. 6
eine schematische Detailquerschnittansicht bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Umformen mit vier Druckrollen; und
Fig. 7
eine Querschnittansicht nur der Drückrollen von Figur 6.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
a schematic side view of a forming machine according to the invention from the perspective of an operator side;
Fig. 2
a schematic top view of the in Fig. 1 shown forming machine;
Fig. 3
a front view of in Fig. 1 shown forming machine;
Fig. 4
a cross-sectional view of in Fig. 1 shown forming machine along the section line A - B;
Fig. 5
a cross-sectional view of in Fig. 1 shown forming machine along the section line C - D;
Fig. 6
a schematic detail cross-sectional view in an inventive forming with four pressure rollers; and
Fig. 7
a cross-sectional view of only the spinning rollers of FIG. 6 ,

Figuren 1 bis 5 zeigen eine erfindungsgemäße Umformmaschine 1 in unterschiedlichen Ansichten. Die Umformmaschine 1 weist ein Maschinenbett 10 mit einem hierauf gelagerten Spindelstock 20 auf. Der Spindelstock 20, welcher auch als Spindelkasten bezeichnet werden kann, ist fest oder axial verfahrbar gelagert. An dem Maschinenbett 10 ist weiterhin ein Support 30 parallel zu einer Maschinenachse 8 der Umformmaschine verschiebbar geführt. In Längsrichtung aus Sicht des Spindelstocks 20 gesehen hinter dem Support 30 befindet sich ein Reitstock 40, welcher in der gezeigten Ausführungsform einen ersten Reitstockkörper 44 und einen zweiten Reitstockkörper 45 aufweist. Erster Reitstockkörper 44 und zweiter Reitstockkörper 45 sind über eine Vorschubeinrichtung 46 miteinander gekoppelt. Der Reitstock 40 kann aber auch einteilig ausgebildet sein. Bei axial verschiebbarem Spindelkasten wird der Reitstock 40 vorzugsweise verschiebbar an den Spindelstock 20 gekoppelt. Dadurch wird ein Verdrängen des Reitstocks 40 vermieden, wodurch eine besonders effiziente Umformung möglich ist. FIGS. 1 to 5 show a forming machine 1 according to the invention in different views. The forming machine 1 has a machine bed 10 with a headstock 20 mounted thereon. The headstock 20, which also as a headstock can be designated, is mounted fixed or axially movable. On the machine bed 10, a support 30 is further guided displaceably parallel to a machine axis 8 of the forming machine. Seen in the longitudinal direction from the perspective of the headstock 20 behind the support 30 is a tailstock 40, which in the embodiment shown has a first tailstock body 44 and a second tailstock body 45. First tailstock body 44 and second tailstock body 45 are coupled together via a feed device 46. The tailstock 40 may also be formed in one piece. With an axially displaceable headstock, the tailstock 40 is preferably slidably coupled to the headstock 20. As a result, a displacement of the tailstock 40 is avoided, whereby a particularly efficient forming is possible.

Zur Erhöhung der Stabilität der Umformmaschine 1, dessen Belastungen mit zunehmender Größe des Werkstücks erheblich zunehmen, ist oberhalb des Maschinenbetts 10 im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Maschinenachse 8 und zu einer Längsrichtung des Maschinenbetts 10 eine Traverse 50 vorgesehen. Diese erstreckt sich im Wesentlichen über die gesamte Länge des Maschinenbetts 10. An mindestens einem Ende ist die Traverse 50 fest über mindestens eine Traversenabstützung 51, mit dem Maschinenbett 10 verbunden. Bei einer Ausführung mit festem Spindelstock 20 kann dieser als Traversenabstüzung dienen.To increase the stability of the forming machine 1, whose loads increase significantly with increasing size of the workpiece, a traverse 50 is provided above the machine bed 10 substantially parallel to the machine axis 8 and to a longitudinal direction of the machine bed 10. This extends substantially over the entire length of the machine bed 10. At least one end of the cross member 50 is firmly connected via at least one truss support 51, with the machine bed 10. In an embodiment with a fixed headstock 20, this can serve as a truss suspension.

An dem Spindelstock 20 ist eine Hauptspindel 22 drehbar gelagert angeordnet. Auf der Hauptspindel 22 befindet sich ein Drückwalzdorn 24 zur Aufnahme eines umzuformenden Werkstücks 5. In seiner unbearbeiteten Form (Rohling) ist das umzuformende Werkstück 5 vorzugsweise ein zylinderförmiger Körper ohne Boden, welcher auch als Zylinderrohr oder Zylinderbüchse bezeichnet werden kann.On the headstock 20, a main spindle 22 is rotatably mounted. In its unprocessed shape (blank), the workpiece 5 to be formed is preferably a cylindrical body without bottom, which may also be referred to as a cylinder tube or cylinder liner.

Die Hauptspindel 22 ist durch einen Hauptspindelantrieb 23 drehend angetrieben. Der Hauptspindelantrieb 23 weist in der gezeigten Ausführungsform zwei Antriebsmotoren 23a und 23b auf, welche mit gleichem Abstand zu der Maschinenachse 8 angeordnet sind. Die Antriebsmotoren 23a und 23b befinden sich unterhalb der Maschinenachse 8 und spiegelsymmetrisch zu einer vertikalen Maschinenmittelebene 9, welche durch die Maschinenachse 8 verläuft. Die Maschinenachse 8 stellt insbesondere eine Längsachse der Umformmaschine 1 dar, die durch eine Rotationsachse der Hauptspindel 22 verläuft.The main spindle 22 is rotatably driven by a main spindle drive 23. The main spindle drive 23 has, in the embodiment shown, two drive motors 23a and 23b, which are arranged at the same distance from the machine axis 8. The drive motors 23a and 23b are located below the machine axis 8 and mirror-symmetrical to a vertical machine center plane 9 which extends through the machine axis 8. The machine axis 8 represents, in particular, a longitudinal axis of the forming machine 1, which runs through an axis of rotation of the main spindle 22.

Zur Bearbeitung des auf den Drückwalzdorn 24 aufgeschobenen Werkstücks 5 sind an dem Support 30 über dem Werkzeugträger 25 mehrere Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 26 befestigt. Die Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 26 sind als Drückrollen oder Drückwalzrollen ausgebildet und werden durch Zustellen in Spindel-Radialrichtung mit dem Umfang des Werkstücks 5 in Eingriff gebracht. Durch die so aufgebrachten Kräfte findet ein Kaltumformvorgang des Werkstücks 5 statt. Zusätzlich zu der radialen Zustellung findet ein axialer Vorschub der Drückrollen bzw. Drückwalzrollen statt. Hierzu wird der Support 30 in der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Darstellung nach links verfahren und das umgeformte Material fließt in einem sogenannten Gegenlaufverfahren nach rechts, in einem sogenannten Gleichlaufverfahren nach links. An dem Support 30 sind drei jeweils um 120° versetzte Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 26 angeordnet. Vorzugsweise können vier jeweils um 90° versetzte Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 26 vorgesehen sein, welche eine noch bessere Kraftaufteilung ermöglichen.For processing of the pushed onto the spinning mandrel 24 workpiece 5 25 several tools 26 are attached to the support 30 on the tool carrier. The machining tools 26 are formed as spinning rollers or flow-forming rollers and are brought into engagement with the circumference of the workpiece 5 by advances in the spindle-radial direction. Due to the forces thus applied, a cold forming operation of the workpiece 5 takes place. In addition to the radial feed, an axial feed of the spinning rolls or flow-forming rolls takes place. For this, the support 30 in the in Fig. 1 The illustration shown moves to the left and the formed material flows in a so-called mating mode to the right, in a so-called synchronization process to the left. On the support 30 three each offset by 120 ° machining tools 26 are arranged. Preferably, four each offset by 90 ° machining tools 26 may be provided, which allow an even better force distribution.

Zum axialen Verfahren des Supports 30 ist ein Vorschubantrieb vorgesehen. Dieser weist in der dargestellten Ausführungsform vier Antriebseinheiten auf. Die Antriebseinheiten sind als Kugelgewindeantriebe ausgeführt, die im sogenannten Gantry-Verband betrieben werden können. Durch den hierdurch erreichten Gleichlauf der Antriebseinheiten wird sichergestellt, dass die Antriebseinheiten die Vorschübe symmetrisch in den Support einbringen.For the axial movement of the support 30, a feed drive is provided. This has four drive units in the illustrated embodiment. The drive units are designed as ball screw drives that can be operated in the so-called gantry dressing. By this achieved synchronization of the drive units ensures that the drive units bring the feeds symmetrically in the support.

Eine Antriebseinheit weist jeweils eine Kugelgewindespindel 14 und einen Kugelgewindespindelantrieb 16 auf. Jeweils zwei gegenüberliegende Kugelgewindespindeln 14 mit ihren entsprechenden Kugelgewindespindelantrieben 16 sind rotationssymmetrisch um die Maschinenachse 8 angeordnet. Alle Antriebseinheiten haben den gleichen Abstand von der Maschinenachse 8. Im Querschnitt gesehen (vgl. Fig. 2) befinden sich die Kugelgewindespindeln 14 in einem oberen und unteren Bereich der Umformmaschine 1, wobei jeweils zwei Kugelgewindespindeln 14 spiegelsymmetrisch zu der Maschinenmittelebene 9 angeordnet sind. Die Kugelgewindespindelantriebe 16 sind in vertikaler Hinsicht in einem etwa mittleren Bereich seitlich der Maschinenachse 8 konzentriert. Dabei sind jeweils zwei Kugelgewindespindelantriebe 16 spiegelsymmetrisch zu der Maschinenmittelebene 9 angeordnet.A drive unit has in each case a ball screw 14 and a ball screw drive 16. In each case two opposite ball screws 14 with their corresponding ball screw drives 16 are arranged rotationally symmetrical about the machine axis 8. All drive units have the same distance from the machine axis 8. Seen in cross section (see. Fig. 2 ) are the ball screws 14 in an upper and lower portion of the forming machine 1, wherein each two ball screws 14 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the machine center plane 9. The ball screw drives 16 are concentrated in a vertical direction in an approximately central region laterally of the machine axis 8. In each case, two ball screw drives 16 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to the machine center plane 9.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel werden vier Gewindespindelantriebe mit insgesamt 3000 kN Vorschubkraft eingesetzt. Um beispielsweise aus einer Stahlbüchse mit 50 mm Wandstärke und 3000 mm Länge ein Zylinderrohr von 12 m Länge und mit einer Endwanddicke von 12,5 mm herzustellen, ist vorgesehen, dies in ein bis zwei Überläufen mit je einer Wandstärkenreduzierung von 50% und mehr durchzuführen. Derartige Strecklängen waren mit bisher bekannten, einteiligen Kugelgewindeantrieben oder Planetenrollengewindeantrieben in der geforderten Größe und Genauigkeit bisher nicht möglich.In the exemplary embodiment, four threaded spindle drives are used with a total of 3000 kN feed force. For example, from a steel box with 50 mm Wall thickness and 3000 mm length to produce a cylinder tube of 12 m in length and with a final wall thickness of 12.5 mm, it is intended to do this in one or two overflows, each with a wall thickness reduction of 50% and more. Such stretching lengths were hitherto not possible with previously known, one-piece ball screw drives or planetary roller screw drives in the required size and accuracy.

Zur Erfassung der Lage des Supports 30 ist ein Messsystem/Drehgeber 32 vorgesehen. Die durch diesen erzielbare präzise Lagebestimmung ist geeignet, die Positionskontrolle oder Positionsregelung des Supports 30 zu verbessern.For detecting the position of the support 30, a measuring system / rotary encoder 32 is provided. The achievable by this precise orientation is suitable to improve the position control or position control of the support 30.

Zum Erfassen der Länge eines im Gegenlaufverfahren gewalzten Werkstückes 5 während der Umformung ist die Umformmaschine 1 mit einem Strecklängenerfassungsmesssystem 58 ausgerüstet. Das Strecklängenerfassungsmesssystem 58 weist einen Messwagen 59 auf, welcher ein Kompaktmodul trägt und an einer Schiene 52 entlang der Traverse 50 längs verschiebbar geführt ist.For detecting the length of a counter-rolled rolled workpiece 5 during the forming, the forming machine 1 is equipped with a stretch length detecting measuring system 58. The Strecklängenerfassungsmesssystem 58 has a measuring carriage 59 which carries a compact module and is guided along a rail 52 along the crossbar 50 longitudinally displaceable.

Der Reitstock 40 weist bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel einen ersten Reitstockkörper 44 und einen zweiten Reitstockkörper 45 auf. An dem zweiten Reitstockkörper 45 ist in Verlängerung der Hauptspindel 22, auf Höhe der Maschinenachse 8, eine Reitstockspindel 41 mit einer Werkzeugaufnahme, insbesondere für eine Andrückverlängerung 47, drehbar gelagert angeordnet. Die Reitstockspindel 41 wird durch einen vorzugsweise gleichen Spindelantrieb, wie er auch für die Hauptspindel 22 eingesetzt wird, angetrieben. Hierdurch wird eine kostengünstige Lagerhaltung erreicht. Ein Reitstockspindelantrieb 43 ist in Fig. 2 gezeigt.The tailstock 40 has a first tailstock body 44 and a second tailstock body 45 in this embodiment. On the second tailstock body 45 is in extension of the main spindle 22, at the height of the machine axis 8, a tailstock spindle 41 with a tool holder, in particular for a Andrückverlängerung 47, rotatably mounted. The tailstock spindle 41 is driven by a preferably same spindle drive, as it is also used for the main spindle 22. As a result, a cost-effective storage is achieved. A tailstock spindle drive 43 is in Fig. 2 shown.

Der Drückwalzdorn 24 ist drehfest, insbesondere durch eine axiale Hirth-Verzahnung, mit der Hauptspindel 22 verbunden. Durch Verfahren des Reitstocks 40, insbesondere des zweiten Reitstockkörpers 45, kann die Reitstockspindel 41 bzw. die Andrückverlängerung 47 axial gegen den Drückwalzdorn 24 bzw. das Werkstück 5 (Zylinderrohr) angepresst werden. Eine axiale und radiale Anpresskraft ist den Erfordernissen entsprechend einstellbar. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass eine sichere formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen Hauptspindel 22 und Drückwalzdorn 24 auch während des Umformprozesses bei hohen Drehmomenten gewährleistet ist.The spinning mandrel 24 is rotationally fixed, in particular by an axial Hirth toothing, connected to the main spindle 22. By moving the tailstock 40, in particular the second tailstock body 45, the tailstock spindle 41 and the Andrückverlängerung 47 can be axially pressed against the spinning mandrel 24 and the workpiece 5 (cylinder tube). An axial and radial contact force is adjustable according to requirements. This ensures that a secure positive connection between the main spindle 22 and spinning mandrel 24 is ensured even during the forming process at high torques.

Zum Ausstoßen des Drückwalzdorns 24 und/oder des Werkstücks 5 ist am Spindelstock 20 eine Ausstoßereinrichtung 18 vorgesehen. Die Ausstoßereinrichtung 18 ist mit einem Druckkopf ausgestattet und kann in Verbindung mit der Andrückverlängerung 47 zusätzlich dazu verwendet werden, den Drückwalzdorn 24 auf die Hauptspindel 22 zu spannen und - auch bei großen Drehmomenten - sicher auf dieser zu halten. Auch kann die Ausstosseinrichtung 18 für andere Zusatzfunktionen eingesetzt werden, etwa zur Betätigung von Verschiebe- oder Spreizwerkzeugen.For ejecting the spinning mandrel 24 and / or the workpiece 5, an ejector device 18 is provided on the headstock 20. The ejection device 18 is equipped with a print head and can be used in conjunction with the Andrückverlängerung 47 in addition to tension the spinning mandrel 24 on the main spindle 22 and - to keep it safe even at high torques. Also, the ejection device 18 can be used for other additional functions, such as the operation of displacement or spreading tools.

Zur Abstützung des Drückwalzdorns 24, der Reitstockspindel 41 und/oder des Werkstücks 5 können mehrere Abstützeinrichtungen 56 mit Rollenkörpern 54 vorgesehen, welche zur Aufnahme axialer und radialer Drehbewegungen sowie Rotationsbewegungen geeignet sind. Bei großen Werkstückdurchmessern kann die Abstützeinrichtung 56 entfallen.To support the spinning mandrel 24, the tailstock spindle 41 and / or the workpiece 5, a plurality of support means 56 are provided with roller bodies 54, which are suitable for receiving axial and radial rotational movements and rotational movements. For large workpiece diameters, the support 56 can be omitted.

Fig. 2 und Fig. 5 zeigen die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Umformmaschine 1 in einer Ansicht von oben. Um einen Durchgangsbereich für das Werkstück 5 durch den Reitstock 40 bereitzustellen, ist angedeutet, dass die Reitstockspindel 41, die Andrückverlängerung 47 und der Reitstockspindelantrieb 43 radial zur Maschinenachse 8 in einen seitlichen Bereich der Umformmaschine 1 verfahrbar sind. Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 show the in Fig. 1 illustrated forming machine 1 in a view from above. In order to provide a passage region for the workpiece 5 through the tailstock 40, it is indicated that the tailstock spindle 41, the Andrückverlängerung 47 and the tailstock spindle drive 43 are radially movable to the machine axis 8 in a lateral region of the forming machine 1.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Frontansicht der Umformmaschine 1. Zur Verhinderung des Austritts von Kühlemulsion ist eine Kapselung 66 des Arbeitsraumes vorgesehen. Fig. 3 shows a front view of the forming machine 1. To prevent the escape of cooling emulsion encapsulation 66 of the working space is provided.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht der Umformmaschine 1 entlang der Schnittlinie A - B von Fig. 1. Drei Bearbeitungswerkzeuge 26 in der Form von Drückrollen bzw. Drückwalzrollen sind jeweils um 120° zueinander versetzt um den Drückwalzdorn 24 herum angeordnet. Am Supportgehäuse sind drei Abstreifvorrichtungen 28 zum Abstreifen des fertig bearbeiteten Werkstücks 5 vom Drückwalzdorn 24 ebenfalls um je 120° zueinander versetzt angeordnet. Durch die symmetrische Anordnung der Abstreifvorrichtungen 28 wird ein Verkanten des Werkstücks 5 beim Abstreifen vom Drückwalzdorn 24 verhindert. Fig. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the forming machine 1 along the section line A - B of Fig. 1 , Three processing tools 26 in the form of spinning rolls or spinning rolls are each offset by 120 ° from one another about the spinning mandrel 24. At the support housing three stripping devices 28 for stripping the finished workpiece 5 from the spinning mandrel 24 are also arranged offset by 120 ° to each other. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the stripping devices 28, tilting of the workpiece 5 during stripping from the spinning mandrel 24 is prevented.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine Querschnittsansicht entlang der Schnittlinie C - D von Fig. 1. Die Reitstockspindel 41 ist an einem Spindelschlitten 62 angeordnet. Der Spindelschlitten 62 ist entlang einer Schlittenführung 63 verschiebbar. Hierzu sind an dem Spindelschlitten 62 mehrere Führungswagen oder Führungsschuhe 64 angeordnet. Die Reitstockspindel 41 wird mit dem Spindelschlitten 62 aus einem Bereich der Maschinenachse 8 herausgefahren. Fig. 5 shows a cross-sectional view along the section line C - D of Fig. 1 , The tailstock spindle 41 is arranged on a spindle slide 62. The spindle slide 62 is displaceable along a slide guide 63. For this purpose, several guide carriages or guide shoes 64 are arranged on the spindle slide 62. The Tailstock spindle 41 is moved out with the spindle slide 62 from a region of the machine axis 8.

In den Figuren 6 und 7 ist bei einer anderen erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform eine Umformmaschine mit insgesamt vier Drückrollen 35a, 35b, 35c und 35d schematisch gezeigt, welche ein rohrförmiges Werkstück 5 an einem Drückwalzdorn 24 umformen. Die vier Drückrollen 35 sind dabei um 90° zueinander um die Rotationsachse des Drückwalzdorn 24 versetzt und verteilt um den Umfang des Werkstücks 5 angeordnet. Dabei weisen die einzelnen Drückrollen 35 hinsichtlich ihrer axialen und radialen Position Unterschiede zueinander auf, so dass die vier Drückrollen 35 jeweils unterschiedliche Umformschritte vornehmen.In the FIGS. 6 and 7 In another embodiment of the invention, a forming machine with a total of four spinning rollers 35a, 35b, 35c and 35d is shown schematically, which transform a tubular workpiece 5 on a spinning mandrel 24. The four spinning rollers 35 are offset by 90 ° to each other about the axis of rotation of the spinning mandrel 24 and distributed around the circumference of the workpiece 5. In this case, the individual spinning rollers 35 with respect to their axial and radial position to each other differences, so that the four spinning rollers 35 each make different forming steps.

Die erste voreilende Drückrolle 35a hat eine in axialer Richtung vorauseilende und eine radial außenliegenede Position. Zudem weist die erste Drückrolle 35a eine konische Rollenumfangsfläche 36 auf, welche zu einer Rollenachse, die parallel zur Rotationsachse des Werkstücks 5 ist, einen ersten flachen Neigungswinkel auf. Die Position der zweiten Drückrolle 35b und der dritten Drückrolle 35c weisen jeweils eine in axialer und radialer Richtung weiter rückversetzte Position auf, um entsprechend weitere Umformschritte vorzunehmen. Dabei nimmt der Neigungswinkel der Rollenumfangsfläche 36 zur Rollenachse jeweils weiter zu.The first leading pusher roller 35a has an axially leading and a radially outboard position. In addition, the first spinning roller 35a has a conical roller peripheral surface 36 which has a first flat angle of inclination to a roller axis which is parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece 5. The position of the second pusher roller 35b and the third pusher roller 35c each have a position further retarded in the axial and radial directions to accordingly perform further forming steps. In this case, the angle of inclination of the roller peripheral surface 36 to the roller axle continues to increase.

Die vierte und letzte Drückrolle 35d ist in axialer Richtung nacheilend und weist in radialer Richtung die innenliegende Position auf, welche den Enddurchmesser für das Werkstück 5 vorgibt. Der Einlaufwinkel der vierten Drückrolle 35d ist am stärksten zur Rollenachse geneigt, um eine gewünschte Drückwalzumformung und Materialverdängung vorzunehmen. Jede der Drückrollen ist außerdem mit einer Freifläche 37 versehen. Diese sorgt für ein Glätten der auslaufenden Materialoberfläche.The fourth and last spinning roller 35d is trailing in the axial direction and has, in the radial direction, the inner position, which defines the final diameter for the workpiece 5. The lead-in angle of the fourth pusher roll 35d is most inclined to the roll axis to effect a desired spin forming and material displacement. Each of the spinning rollers is also provided with an open surface 37. This ensures a smoothing of the leaking material surface.

Je nach umzuformenden Werkstoff ist der Übergang von der Rollenumfangsfläche 36 zur Freifläche 37 mit einem mehr oder weniger großem Radius versehen. Sehr große Radien können dabei auch die konische Fläche 36 ersetzen.Depending on the material to be formed, the transition from the roller peripheral surface 36 to the free surface 37 is provided with a more or less large radius. Very large radii can also replace the conical surface 36.

Der Support 30 ist bevorzugt als Rahmenkonstruktion ausgeführt, um die hohen Umformkräfte sicher aufnehmen zu können. Der erforderliche Axialversatz der Drückrollen 35 lässt sich vorzugsweise über Stellspindeln und/oder verschiebbare Rollenlagerungen, manuell einstellen. Vorgesehen ist auch eine automatische Rollen-AxialVerschiebung, die ein Verschieben der Rollen bzw. des Axialversatzes im Prozess und/oder unter Last ermöglicht.The support 30 is preferably designed as a frame construction to accommodate the high forming forces safely. The required axial displacement of the spinning rollers 35 can be adjusted manually via adjusting spindles and / or displaceable roller bearings. Also provided is an automatic role-axial shift, which allows a displacement of the rollers or the axial displacement in the process and / or under load.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform nutzt die vorhandenen axialen Vorschubantriebe des Supports. Dabei wird dann eine mehrteilige Ausführung des Supportes eingesetzt, die wiederum untereinander über Axialführungen verbunden werden.Another preferred embodiment uses the existing axial feed drives of the support. In this case, a multi-part design of the support is then used, which in turn are interconnected via axial guides.

Denkbar ist auch der Einsatz eines zusätzlichen, axial leicht versetzt fahrenden Stabilisierungsrahmens, der die Kräfte der Radialeinheiten mit Drückrollen indirekt über den Maschinenrahmen aufnimmt und den Maschinenrahmen so gegen Auffedern stabilisiert.It is also conceivable to use an additional, axially slightly offset moving stabilization frame, which receives the forces of the radial units with spinning rollers indirectly on the machine frame and stabilizes the machine frame against springing.

Claims (20)

  1. Forming machine for spinning / flow forming of a workpiece (5), having
    - a machine bed (10),
    - a headstock (20),
    - a main spindle (22) rotatably mounted on the headstock (20), with a flow forming mandrel (24) which is provided to receive the workpiece (5),
    - a support (30) which carries at least one machining tool (26) and which is axially displaceable relative to the main spindle in a longitudinal direction of the machine bed (10),
    - a main spindle drive (23) for driving in rotation the main spindle (22) and
    - a feed drive for displacing the support (30),
    characterised in that
    the main spindle drive (32) has at least two drive motors, each with a drive pinion, and
    that the main spindle (22) has at least one driving gear, which can be driven by the drive pinions of the drive motors.
  2. Forming machine according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the drive pinions and / or the drive motors are arranged symmetrically to the driving gear of the main spindle (22).
  3. Forming machine according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that
    the drive pinions are each arranged on a motor output shaft of the corresponding drive motor and
    that the drive pinions are in direct engagement with the driving gear of the main spindle (22).
  4. Forming machine according to one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that
    the drive motors are designed as slow rotating motors, in particular as three-phase asynchronous motors.
  5. Forming machine according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the feed drive has a plurality of drive units which can be operated in a gantry operation.
  6. Forming machine according to claim 5,
    characterised in that
    at least four drive units are provided.
  7. Forming machine according to claim 5 or 6,
    characterised in that
    the drive units are formed to be the same.
  8. Forming machine according to one of claims 5 to 7,
    characterised in that
    the drive units are arranged symmetrically around a machine axis (8) of the forming machine (1).
  9. Forming machine according to one of claims 5 to 8,
    characterised in that
    the drive units each have a ball screw spindle (14) and the ball screw spindles (14) are arranged parallel to each other.
  10. Forming machine according to claim 9,
    characterised in that
    at least one ball screw spindle (14) is formed in multiple parts, in particular in two parts,
    that a first part of the ball screw spindle is arranged in a loaded work area and a second, smaller part of the ball screw spindle (14) in an unloaded work area and that the second part of the ball screw spindle (14) can be pre-stressed to support the first part of the ball screw spindle (14).
  11. Forming machine according to one of claims 9 or 10,
    characterised in that
    for the position control and / or position regulation of the support (30) and / or main spindle (22), a rotary encoder (32) is arranged on the headstock (20) on the second part of the ball screw spindle (14).
  12. Forming machine according to one of claims 9 to 11,
    characterised in that
    to support at least one ball screw spindle (14), a calotte support is provided.
  13. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    the flow forming mandrel (24) can be connected with positive locking to the main spindle (22).
  14. Forming machine according to claim 13,
    characterised in that
    the positive locking connection between the flow forming mandrel (24) and main spindle (22) is realised as a Hirth toothing.
  15. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    an ejecting means (18) with a press head and a tailstock (40) with a contact pressure extension (47) are provided, by means of which the flow forming mandrel (24) can be tensioned onto the main spindle (22).
  16. Forming machine according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterised in that
    a tailstock (40) is provided with a tailstock spindle (41),
    that a rotational speed synchronisation can be set between the main spindle (22) and tailstock spindle (41) and
    that the rotational speed synchronisation can be converted to a torque-controlled operation.
  17. Forming machine according to one of claims 1 to 16,
    characterised in that
    spinning rollers (35) and / or radial units of the support (30) are mounted so that they can be adjusted relative to each other and
    that the spinning rollers (35) and / or the radial units can be adjusted axially under load by means of an actuator.
  18. Method for spinning / flow forming of a workpiece, in particular with a forming machine (1) according to one of claims 1 to 16,
    wherein
    - the workpiece (5) is arranged on a flow forming mandrel (24) fixed on a main spindle (22),
    - the main spindle (22) is driven by a main spindle drive (23) and
    - a support (30), on which at least one machining tool (26) is arranged, is moved relative to the flow forming mandrel (24) for the spinning / flow forming of the workpiece (5),
    characterised in that
    the main spindle drive (23) has at least two drive motors, each having a drive pinion, and
    that the main spindle (22) has a driving gear, which is driven by the drive pinions of the drive motors.
  19. Method according to claim 18,
    characterised in that
    the support (30) and / or the headstock (20) are/ is moved by means of a plurality of drive units, which are operated in a gantry assembly.
  20. Method according to claim 18 or 19,
    characterised in that
    the finished workpiece (5) is pushed with an ejecting means (18) and / or a stripper unit (28) from the tool mandrel.
EP15190545.2A 2015-10-20 2015-10-20 Forming machine for pressing/pressure rolling and method for pressing/pressure rolling Active EP3159068B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15190545.2A EP3159068B1 (en) 2015-10-20 2015-10-20 Forming machine for pressing/pressure rolling and method for pressing/pressure rolling
ES15190545.2T ES2665845T3 (en) 2015-10-20 2015-10-20 Press forming / pressure laminating machine and pressure pressing / laminating procedure
CN201680013624.4A CN107427887B (en) 2015-10-20 2016-07-27 Forming machine for spinning/extrusion molding and spinning/extrusion molding method
JP2017546692A JP6573677B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2016-07-27 Molding machine for spinning / flow forming and method for spinning / flow forming
US15/545,853 US10888911B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2016-07-27 Forming machine for spinning/flow forming and method for spinning/flow forming
RU2017124611A RU2698236C2 (en) 2015-10-20 2016-07-27 Molding machine for rotary extrusion/rolling and method of rotary extrusion/rolling
PCT/EP2016/067899 WO2017067682A1 (en) 2015-10-20 2016-07-27 Forming machine for pressing/pressure rolling and method for pressing/pressure rolling

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15190545.2A EP3159068B1 (en) 2015-10-20 2015-10-20 Forming machine for pressing/pressure rolling and method for pressing/pressure rolling

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EP3159068A1 EP3159068A1 (en) 2017-04-26
EP3159068B1 true EP3159068B1 (en) 2018-02-14

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US (1) US10888911B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3159068B1 (en)
JP (1) JP6573677B2 (en)
CN (1) CN107427887B (en)
ES (1) ES2665845T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2698236C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2017067682A1 (en)

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JP7217183B2 (en) * 2019-03-25 2023-02-02 日本スピンドル製造株式会社 Tailstock unit and spinning machine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RU2017124611A3 (en) 2019-07-17
RU2017124611A (en) 2019-04-11
EP3159068A1 (en) 2017-04-26
CN107427887B (en) 2020-02-07
JP2018515341A (en) 2018-06-14
CN107427887A (en) 2017-12-01
ES2665845T3 (en) 2018-04-27
WO2017067682A1 (en) 2017-04-27
RU2698236C2 (en) 2019-08-23
JP6573677B2 (en) 2019-09-11
US20180015518A1 (en) 2018-01-18
US10888911B2 (en) 2021-01-12

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