EP3156474A1 - Procédé de récupération des lipides au moyen d'un broyeur à billes - Google Patents
Procédé de récupération des lipides au moyen d'un broyeur à billes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3156474A1 EP3156474A1 EP16193842.8A EP16193842A EP3156474A1 EP 3156474 A1 EP3156474 A1 EP 3156474A1 EP 16193842 A EP16193842 A EP 16193842A EP 3156474 A1 EP3156474 A1 EP 3156474A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- biomass
- volume
- minutes
- phase
- ball mill
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000009108 Chlorella vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000007089 Chlorella vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000195646 Parachlorella kessleri Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000405713 Tetraselmis suecica Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000195633 Dunaliella salina Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000362749 Ettlia oleoabundans Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000168517 Haematococcus lacustris Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001300629 Nannochloropsis oceanica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000159660 Nannochloropsis oculata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000509521 Nannochloropsis sp. Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001494715 Porphyridium purpureum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 28
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 16
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 16
- 238000009482 thermal adhesion granulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229930186217 Glycolipid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229940082150 encore Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011403 purification operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000035 BCA protein assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005526 G1 to G0 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001639412 Verres Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010296 bead milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003473 lipid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021436 nutraceutical agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
- C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/02—Pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
- C11B1/10—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by extracting
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of valorization of algal biomass, more precisely the present invention relates to a process for extracting lipids from microalgae.
- Microalgae are eukaryotic organisms, mostly unicellular, delimited by a plasma membrane and a wall.
- the composition and structure of this wall may be variable depending on the microalga considered.
- some green microalgae such as Chlorella, it is made of cellulose and has a high rigidity resulting in a high resistance of the alga vis-à-vis mechanical stresses.
- the wall also called frustule, is made of crystallized silica.
- the latter is more brittle than that of Chlorella.
- microalgae find many applications in particular in food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals ...
- many research is conducted on algal biomass from the perspective of use as biofuel.
- microalgae The main metabolites of microalgae, namely polysaccharides, proteins and pigments, are generally soluble in the culture medium.
- microalgae can, under certain conditions, accumulate large amounts of lipids in the form of triglyceride globules known as "TAG” (for triglycerides of fatty acids).
- TAG triglyceride globules
- PUFAs polyunsaturated fatty acids
- the object of the present invention is precisely the recovery of lipids from the algal biomass and more precisely triglycerides of fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
- This method involves a high energy consumption linked to the drying of the biomass, which also causes a degradation of certain thermosensitive compounds such as vitamins, pigments or certain proteins.
- certain thermosensitive compounds such as vitamins, pigments or certain proteins.
- the series of operations and the large quantities of solvents involved complicate the process and increase production costs.
- One of the main advantages of the process according to the invention is that it can be used on a biomass without it being dried beforehand.
- the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to avoid the implementation of a drying step, which is long and expensive, both in energy and in financial terms.
- US2013 / 0338384 discloses a method of recovering lipids from a microalgal biomass comprising heating said biomass at a temperature of from 80 ° C to 150 ° C at a pressure of from 1 to 5 bar.
- the technical problem at the origin of the present application was to have a lipid fractionation process contained in a micro-algal biomass that does not require drying said biomass, which makes it possible to overcome the use of solvents and which leads to the production of a composition whose different constituents can then be easily separated.
- the conditions for carrying out grinding according to the invention make it possible to ensure the release of almost all the droplets of triglycerides, while ensuring a partial deconstruction of the cellular structures causing the release of some or all of the phospholipids and glycolipids.
- the conditions for carrying out the grinding according to the invention make it possible to avoid excessive homogenization of the medium, and consequently to avoid emulsion formation.
- composition obtained after grinding has the advantage of being then easily recoverable.
- a second object of the invention is the composition that may be by the method according to the invention.
- the centrifugation step is carried out directly on the composition obtained at the end of the step using a ball mill, that is to say that the centrifugation step is carried out after the step using a ball mill without intermediate step (s) except the step of recovering said composition obtained.
- the process according to the invention thus makes it possible to fractionate the lipids and the proteins contained in microalgae without drying the biomass (wet extraction) nor to use solvents, thus avoiding the denaturation of the compounds while limiting the volumes to be treated.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention is that it can be used directly on the culture medium, in particular on a suspension of micro-algae at the output of production, which contributes to reducing the volumes of water used. to implement said method.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to work on a concentrated biomass directly harvested after cultivation.
- a grinding step and a phase separation step it is possible to obtain directly three phases selectively enriched in different compounds: a first phase called “superculot” rich in lipids, a second phase called “supernatant” rich in proteins and a third phase called “pellet” rich in insoluble compounds.
- the superculot and the pellet can thus be directly recoverable, the supernatant can be subjected to a membrane filtration operation allowing either the separation of proteins and solubilized sugars from TAGs, ie the concentration of proteins and TAGs to arrive at two purified fractions.
- the process according to the present invention is carried out using a micro-algal biomass sufficiently rich in lipids and sufficiently concentrated, so that the microalgal biomass comprises at least 15%, preferably approximately 17.5% by weight of lipids. relative to the total mass of the biomass, in addition the micro-algal biomass has a dry matter concentration of between 1 g / l and 200 g / l, preferably between 5 g / l and 150 g / l and even more preferably between 35 g / l and 100 g / l, that is to say with respect to the volume of microalgal biomass to be treated.
- the microalgal biomass comprises at least one microalga chosen from Nannochloropsis sp., Nannochloropsis oceanica, Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis suecica , Porphyridium cruentum, Parachlorella kessleri, Dunaliella salina, Chlorella vulgaris, Neochloris oleoabundans and Haematococcus pluvialis and preferably from the following strains Nannochloropis oceanica, Parachlorella kessleri, Tetraselmis suecica.
- the method according to the invention comprises a step during which a ball mill is used.
- Ball mills are typically used for the homogenization of viscous products such as paints and also for grinding minerals.
- Ball mills comprise an enclosure, for example a bowl closed by a cover, intended to receive the composition to be treated, said enclosure being fed via a pump in composition to be treated.
- the filling rate in balls of the mill corresponding to the percentage of the volume of the bowl occupied by the beads, ranges from 50% to 80%, preferably from 70% to 80% volume / volume and preferably from about 75% volume / volume.
- the content of the enclosure excluding beads, essentially includes microalgal biomass.
- the filling rate may be adapted in particular according to the nature of the balls used. Indeed in some cases, an agglomeration of the balls between the blades of the agitator could be observed.
- the feed rate of the composition in the mill generally ranges from 150 ml / min to 200 ml / min. It is also within the skill of those skilled in the art to select the feed rate adapted to the medium to be treated.
- the treatment in a ball mill is carried out for a duration (residence time) ranging from 1 to 30 minutes, preferably from 2 to 20 minutes, more preferably from 4 to 10 minutes and advantageously from about 6 to 10 minutes. minutes.
- duration time ranging from 1 to 30 minutes, preferably from 2 to 20 minutes, more preferably from 4 to 10 minutes and advantageously from about 6 to 10 minutes. minutes.
- Ball mill treatment is generally carried out at a temperature, generally controlled, ranging from 18 ° C to 40 ° C, preferably from 18 to 25 ° C.
- the composition obtained is advantageously recovered.
- a single ball milling step is performed.
- the treatment in a ball mill is repeated at least twice, preferably between two and ten times and advantageously between three and four times.
- this method is implemented in " batch " in order to be able to treat a biomass volume in a simple manner.
- the first phase, the superculot generally comprises more than 30%, preferably more than 60% of lipids, it also comprises proteins in a limited amount of between 10 and 30% allowing a direct valuation of the superculot.
- the first phase essentially comprises a mixture of triglycerides (TAG) and polyunsaturated fatty acids called "PUFA", in the form of phospholipids and glyco lipids.
- TAG triglycerides
- PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids
- the second phase generally comprises more than 20%, preferably more than 40% of proteins and also a large amount of lipids.
- the supernatant can be subjected to one or more operation (s) of separation of proteins and lipids including TAG to obtain two purified fractions, advantageously this / these operation (s) separation can be performed (s) by means of a membrane.
- At least one lipid separation step is performed on the second phase.
- the lipids in particular TAGs isolated at the end of the separation operation (s) and the superculot or even the lipids isolated from the superculot are advantageously gathered.
- the third phase, the pellet, is rich in insoluble compounds.
- the base can be directly valorizable.
- the purification operations of the components are facilitated in particular due to the fact that the three phases are selectively enriched in different compounds.
- the method according to the invention should be considered as allowing a targeted and almost total recovery of lipids.
- Lipids are used in chemical, cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions, in nutraceuticals, especially in animal feed.
- Nannochloropis oceanica a biomass of Nannochloropis oceanica is used. This biomass was grown in tubular photobioreactor of 10 L.
- the biomass was treated using a glass ball mill (DynoMill Mutlilab, WAB, Switzerland) under the conditions specified in each example.
- the lipid assay is performed by Folch's method.
- Proteins are measured by absorbance at 280 nm, possibly supplemented by a BCA protein assay to verify the accuracy of spectrophotometric measurements.
- the superculot and the pellet can thus be directly recoverable, the supernatant can be subjected to an operation of separation of proteins and TAG (membranes) leading to two purified fractions.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1559840A FR3042505B1 (fr) | 2015-10-16 | 2015-10-16 | Procede de recuperation des lipides au moyen d'un broyeur a billes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3156474A1 true EP3156474A1 (fr) | 2017-04-19 |
Family
ID=55072907
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16193842.8A Withdrawn EP3156474A1 (fr) | 2015-10-16 | 2016-10-14 | Procédé de récupération des lipides au moyen d'un broyeur à billes |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20170107445A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3156474A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2017074039A (ja) |
FR (1) | FR3042505B1 (ja) |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5330913A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1994-07-19 | Hideo Nakayama | Method of disrupting the chlorella cell wall by cell rupture |
WO2012109642A1 (en) * | 2011-02-12 | 2012-08-16 | Phycal, Inc. | Aqueous extraction methods for high lipid microorganisms |
US20130338384A1 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2013-12-19 | Karin BUS | Process for the release of lipids from microalgae |
WO2015001261A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-01-08 | Roquette Freres | Procede optimise de rupture des parois de chlorelles par broyage mecanique |
WO2015007997A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | Roquette Freres | Procédé optimise de rupture des parois de chlorelles par homogénéisation a très haute pression |
-
2015
- 2015-10-16 FR FR1559840A patent/FR3042505B1/fr active Active
-
2016
- 2016-10-14 EP EP16193842.8A patent/EP3156474A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-10-14 JP JP2016202343A patent/JP2017074039A/ja active Pending
- 2016-10-17 US US15/295,651 patent/US20170107445A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5330913A (en) * | 1991-09-11 | 1994-07-19 | Hideo Nakayama | Method of disrupting the chlorella cell wall by cell rupture |
US20130338384A1 (en) | 2010-12-20 | 2013-12-19 | Karin BUS | Process for the release of lipids from microalgae |
WO2012109642A1 (en) * | 2011-02-12 | 2012-08-16 | Phycal, Inc. | Aqueous extraction methods for high lipid microorganisms |
WO2015001261A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-04 | 2015-01-08 | Roquette Freres | Procede optimise de rupture des parois de chlorelles par broyage mecanique |
WO2015007997A1 (fr) * | 2013-07-19 | 2015-01-22 | Roquette Freres | Procédé optimise de rupture des parois de chlorelles par homogénéisation a très haute pression |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
ANSARI, F. A.; A. SHRIWASTAV; S. K. GUPTA; I. RAWAT; A. GULDHE; F. BUX: "Lipid extracted algae as a source for protein and reduced sugar: a step closer to the biorefinery", BIORESOUR TECHNOL, vol. 179, 2015, pages 559 - 564, XP029190416, DOI: doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2014.12.047 |
HONGLI ZHENG ET AL.: "Disruption of Chlorella vulgaris Cells for the Release of Biodiesel-Producing Lipids : A Comparison of Grinding, Ultrasonication, Bead Milling, Enzymatic Lysis, and Microwaves", APPL. BIOCHEM BIOTECHNOL, vol. 164, 2011, pages 1215 - 1224 |
HONGLI ZHENG ET AL: "Disruption ofCells for the Release of Biodiesel-Producing Lipids: A Comparison of Grinding, Ultrasonication, Bead Milling, Enzymatic Lysis, and Microwaves", APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ; PART A: ENZYME ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY, HUMANA PRESS INC, NEW YORK, vol. 164, no. 7, 24 February 2011 (2011-02-24), pages 1215 - 1224, XP019918055, ISSN: 1559-0291, DOI: 10.1007/S12010-011-9207-1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3042505A1 (fr) | 2017-04-21 |
FR3042505B1 (fr) | 2019-12-13 |
JP2017074039A (ja) | 2017-04-20 |
US20170107445A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 |
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Inventor name: PRUVOST, JEREMY Inventor name: RINALDI, THOMAS Inventor name: RIOS, SERGIO Inventor name: MARECHAL, LUC Inventor name: MONTALESCOT, VALERIA Inventor name: JUBEAU, SEBASTIEN |
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