Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C25/00—Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices referred to in the other groups of this subclass
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
  • G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
  • G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
  • G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
  • G01C21/165—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation combined with non-inertial navigation instruments
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
  • G01C21/10—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration
  • G01C21/12—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning
  • G01C21/16—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00 by using measurements of speed or acceleration executed aboard the object being navigated; Dead reckoning by integrating acceleration or speed, i.e. inertial navigation
  • G01C21/183—Compensation of inertial measurements, e.g. for temperature effects
  • G01C21/188—Compensation of inertial measurements, e.g. for temperature effects for accumulated errors, e.g. by coupling inertial systems with absolute positioning systems
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
  • G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
  • G01C22/00—Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers
  • G01C22/02—Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers by conversion into electric waveforms and subsequent integration, e.g. using tachometer generator
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
  • B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
  • B60W30/10—Path keeping
  • B60W30/12—Lane keeping

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for real-time provision of dynamic error values of dynamic measured values according to the preamble of claim 1, a system for real-time capable provision of dynamic error values of dynamic
• DE 10 2012 219 478 A1 describes a sensor system for independently assessing the integrity of its data.
• the sensor system is preferably used in motor vehicles and comprises a plurality of sensor elements which are designed such that they at least partially detect different primary measured variables or at least partially use different measuring principles.
• the sensor system further comprises a signal processing device which at least partially jointly evaluates the sensor signals and ⁇
• the signal processing means also provides information about the consistency of at least a date of a physical quantity ready, the date of the physical quantity is calculated based on the sensor signals from Sensorele ⁇ elements that detect the physical quantity, either directly or from the sensor signals, the physical quantity is calculable.
• the information about the consistency of the date is now calculated on the basis of directly or indirectly redundant sensor information.
• the sensor system comprises a plurality of sensor elements that are formed from ⁇ such that they at least partially detect different primary measurements or at least partially use different measurement principles.
• the sensor system further comprises a signal processing device which evaluates the sensor signals at least partially together and simultaneously be ⁇ evaluates the quality of information of the sensor signals.
• the signal processing device also provides information about the accuracy of at least one date of a physical variable in the form of a characteristic or a
• Characteristic set ready. This characteristic or these characteristics ⁇ size set is in this case provided by or on consecutive signal processing steps, the data of the parameter or of the parameters set are dependent on how the associated or foregoing signal processing step affects the processed date of the physical quantity.
• DE 10 2010 063 984 A1 discloses a sensor system comprising a plurality of sensor elements.
• the sensor elements are positioned so ⁇ forms that they cover at least partially different primary measured variables and at least partially using different measurement principles. From the primary measured variable of the sensor elements, at least in part further measured quantities are derived.
• the sensor system comprises a signal Processing device, an interface device and a plurality of functional devices. The sensor elements and all functional devices are connected to the signal ⁇ processing device.
• the primary measured variables thus provide redundant information that can be compared with one another in the signal processing device or can support one another. From the comparison of observables calculated in different ways, conclusions can be drawn about the reliability and accuracy of the observables.
• the signal processing device qualifies the
• To control or regulate user functions e.g. In a lane-accurate navigation system for motor vehicles, based on the dynamic quality of a data fusion, the information about the total uncertainty of the total fused data, as known from the prior art, is not sufficient. Rather, there is a need for a virtual sensor to output information about various individual characteristics and individual accuracies of sensor signals in real time and thus provide the functions with a so-called dynamic data sheet. It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a method for real-time-capable provision of dynamic error values of dynamic measured values.
• the invention relates to a method for real-time providing dynamic error values of dynamic measurements, the measured values are recorded by means of at least one sensor ⁇ system, wherein the measured values directly or indirectly describe values of physical quantities, wherein the values of indirectly described physical quantities are calculated from the measured values and / or from known physical and / or mathematical relationships, wherein the error values of the measured values of the at least one sensor system are determined and
• each function block may include the error propagation calculation of one or more arbitrary calculation steps of the system to be described.
• the input variables and output variables of each function block that is to say the incoming measured values and the resulting measured values or error values, are preferably parameters required for a theoretical model.
• the inventive structure in function blocks also allows a flexible, branching and customizable course of the signal path. A preferably existing attachment of correction measurements and of different parameters from the sensor system described by the reproductive calculation is preferably also modeled here.
• the function blocks are interactive with each other, so do not affect each other. Nor do they influence a possibly existing fusion filter.
• the division according to the invention into one or more rows of function blocks thus allows an uncomplicated and flexible change of the processing steps.
• the so-called "data sheet description" of the processed measured values can be used after each individual calculation step or after each individual function block, thus the entire data processing by the stringing together of the individual function blocks in the Essentially completely described.
• the data or measured values or error values output are useful for example as a ⁇ gait parameters for filtering or control. So that's it
• Measured values or the error values at almost arbitrary times during processing This also makes it easier for different user functions to provide the respectively required measured values or error values in a respectively required or appropriate stage.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to detect both disturbances and inconsistencies of the measured values or of the error values or the physical variables in the shortest possible time and to output them as a clear statement.
• information on the stochastic uncertainty and sharpness of this statement can be relatively easily calculated and these are particularly preferred passed as Integri ⁇ tiquessbeêt of user functions.
• the quality assessment preferably integrated into the criteria of "integrity" and "Ge ⁇ accuracy”. Integrity means the degree of confidence in the correctness of measured values or. Error values resp. physical quantities, as part of their measurement accuracy, and the stochastic evaluation of specific measured value properties over the entire series of processing or series of function blocks. Another requirement for both parts is that the algorithms consistency and accuracy evaluation consistent and real-time capable, eg in a fusion filter, are integrable.
• the physical quantities are normally distributed or Gaussian distributed.
• the function blocks each execute an error propagation calculation.
• Error values are determined incrementally by the function blocks and in particular independently of the processing in other function blocks.
• the error propagation calculation in each function block is individually characterized by the respective sensor systems and / or individually by the respective physi ⁇ cal sizes. This allows an individualized and specific treatment of the measured values or of the incorrect values or the physical variables, which ultimately leads to an improved integrity and an improved accuracy of the determined individual error values.
• the error values in the function blocks are handled as mathematical matrices. This allows a simple as well as comprehensive and efficient handling of the error values.
• the error values are allocated at least proportionally to the values of physical quantities in the fusion data set. This has the advantage that a connection between the error values and the physical variables can be provided for the user functions. Not only the variances, but the actual error values are determined.
• static error properties of the sensor systems each represent a first functional block of a row, wherein at least one row of each first functional block originates. This makes it comparatively easy to determine the inaccuracy of a sensor system. Based on the static error properties, the dynamic error properties of the sensor systems, such as temperature influences and temperature compensations, are then preferably carried out in the further course of the series of function blocks.
• the function blocks each of the output data for further functional blocks and / or for on the
• the error values include a measurement noise and / or a zero-point error and / or a scale factor error.
• the measurement noise, the zero error and the scale factor error are the only errors that mainly contribute to the generation of errors. By being taken into account in the determination of the error values or by the error values including these errors, the error values are more reliable and more accurate.
• At least one row of switched functional blocks picks up. This allows the off ⁇ output data of a function block in different ways, namely by different functional blocks to resell work.
• the measured values and / or the error values are merged by means of a data fusion to form a fusion data record.
• a common fusion data set is generally more reliable and more precise than the individual measured values and / or the individual error values, and in particular allows a comparatively reliable evaluation of the accuracy or reliability of the fused measured values and / or the fused error values by determining the error values.
• the measured values and / or the error values that are fused to a fusion data set are corrected.
• the measured values are at least measured values of an inertial sensor system, measured values of a global satellite sensor system and / or measured values of an odometry sensor system.
• the present invention is particularly suitable for navigation purposes and for navigation systems, preferably in motor vehicles.
• the sensor systems ie the inertial sensor system or satellite navigation system or the
• Odometrienavigationssystem determine the position, in particular the position of a motor vehicle, as physika ⁇ metallic size from the measured values.
• the global Satelli ⁇ tennavigationssystem it may be a so-called. GPS navigation system, for example.
• the odometry navigation system initially determines the speed, for example, over the known rolling circumference of the motor vehicle tires and thus enables a position determination taking into account the steering angle in the Frame of a dead reckoning.
• the satellite navigation system comprises at least two satellite signal receivers. Thus it improves the quality of the acquired satellite signals and thus the reliability and accuracy of the satellite navigation system.
• the inertial navigation system as a sensor based system offers the advantage that it has comparatively high availability, since it has a ver ⁇ tively high output rate of the detected input data and also largely independent from external influences.
• the invention further relates to a system for real-time provision of dynamic error values of dynamic
• Measured values comprising at least one sensor system and a fusion filter, wherein the at least one sensor system is designed to record measured values
• the measured values describe, directly or indirectly, values of physical quantities
• the fusion filter is designed to calculate the values of indirectly described physical quantities from the measured values and / or from known physical and / or mathematical relationships
• the fusion filter is designed to the measured values of fusing by means of a data fusion in a fusion record and wherein the system is adapted not mutually loading inflow end and connected to rows of function blocks be ⁇ riding see
• system according to the invention comprises thus all necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention devices.
• the system according to the invention may comprise a processor and electronic storage means on which a corresponding computer program product is stored and executable.
• the invention relates to a use of the system according to the invention in a motor vehicle.
• FIG. 1 an example of a possible embodiment of a system according to the invention, which is designed to position ⁇ determination, in a motor vehicle,
• FIG. 2 shows by way of example a further possible embodiment of a system according to the invention, which is likewise designed for position determination, in a motor vehicle, and
• FIG. 3 shows by way of example a structure of a series of switched functional blocks .
• Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the system according to the invention, which is provided for arrangement and use in a motor vehicle (not shown).
• the illustrated system is designed for real-time-capable provision of dynamic error values of an inertial navigation system and is suitable for determining the position of the motor vehicle.
• the example contemporary system includes the inertial navigation system 101 is configured such that it at least the Accelerat ⁇ fixing certificates along a first, a second and a third axis, and at least the rate of rotation about the first to the second and detect the third axis can.
• the first axis corresponds, for example according to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle
• the second axis corresponds to the transverse axis of the motor vehicle
• the third axis corresponds to the vertical axis of the motor vehicle.
• Inertial Navigation System 101 forms, for example according to the so-called.
• Sensor base system whose output data by means of the so-called described below further sensor systems,.
• Korrektursys ⁇ systems can be corrected.
• the correction systems are Odometrienavigationssystem 103 and Satellitennavigationssys ⁇ tems 104th
• the system according to the invention also has a so-called.
• Strapdown algorithm unit 102 in which a so-called. Strapdown algorithm is performed, by means of which the
• Input data or measured values of inertial navigation system 101 i.a. be converted into position data.
• the input data or measured values of inertial navigation system 101 which naturally describe accelerations, are integrated twice over time.
• the orientation and the speed of the motor vehicle are further determined. Also compensated
• Strapdown algorithm unit 102 a force acting on Trägheitsnaviga ⁇ tion system 101 Coriolis force.
• the named world coordinate system is a
• the output data from strapdown algorithm unit 102 includes the position with respect to the vehicle coordinate system and the orientation with respect to the world coordinate system.
• the output data from the strapdown algorithm unit 102 have the Va ⁇ rianzen to as an information on the quality of the above navigation information. For example, these variances are not calculated in strapdown algorithm unit 102, but only used and forwarded by the latter.
• the values calculated by the strapdown algorithm unit 102 og Navi ⁇ gations may be output via output module 112 and provided to other vehicle systems.
• the system according to the invention also comprises
• Odometry navigation system 103 in the form of wheel speed sensors for each wheel of the motor vehicle.
• it is a four-wheeled motor vehicle with four wheel speed sensors, each detecting the speed of their associated wheel and its direction of rotation.
• Odometry navigation system 103 in the form of wheel speed sensors for each wheel of the motor vehicle.
• it is a four-wheeled motor vehicle with four wheel speed sensors, each detecting the speed of their associated wheel and its direction of rotation.
• Odometrienavigationssystem 103 a steering angle sensor element that detects the steering angle of the motor vehicle.
• the exemplary system includes satellite navigation system 104, which is configured to determine the distance between an associated satellite and the vehicle and the speed between the associated satellite and the motor vehicle, respectively.
• the system also includes fusion filter 105.
• satellite filter 105 represents navigation system 104 and inertial navigation system 101 provides a fusion data set 106.
• Fusion record 106 has acquired input data from the different sensor systems, where fusion data set 106 according to the example also associated error values and the error values Va ⁇ rianzen that describe the data quality comprises.
• the input data or measured values of inertial navigation system 101 are stored in an electronic data memory 113 of FIG.
• Fusion filter 105 stored for a predetermined period.
• Inertial navigation system 101 provides thereby the so-called.
• Correcting systems the output data for correcting the measurement values or physical dimensions of the sensor base system are used. Thus, it is ensured that measured values or values of physical quantities which were at least apparently acquired at an identical point in time are used to correct the
• Measured values or values of the physical quantities can be used.
• fusion data set 106 provided by fusion filter 105 comprises the quantitative errors of the sensor-based system determined by means of the plausibilized output data of the correction systems.
• Strapdown algorithm unit 102 is now corrected by Fu ⁇ sion data set 106, the output data of the sensor base system.
• Fusion data set 106 is calculated by fusion filter 105 from the input data or readings from Odometrienavigationssystem 103, the satellite navigation system 104 and inertial ⁇ system one hundred and first
• fusion filter 105 is embodied as an eror-state-space Kalman filter, that is to say as a Kalman filter, which in particular linearises the measured values or values of the physical quantities and in which the quantitative error values of the measured values or values of the physical quantities are calculated or estimated and which operates sequentially and thereby corrects the output data available in the respective functional step of the sequence.
• Fusion filter 105 is designed to always be asynchronous to the most recent ones of inertial navigation system 101,
• Odometer navigation system 103 and satellite navigation system 104 detected measured values or values of the physical variables.
• the measured values or values of the physical quantities are guided via the motor vehicle model unit 107 and the alignment model unit 109.
• Motor vehicle model unit 107 is designed such that it calculates at least the speed along a first axis, the speed along a second axis and the rotation rate about a third axis from the measured values or values of the physical variables of odometry navigation system 103, and makes these fusion filters 105 available.
• the exemplary system also includes tire parameter estimation unit 110, which is configured to include at least the radius, for example, the dynamic
• Tire parameter estimation unit 110 is further configured to use a substantially linear tire model to calculate tire sizes.
• the exemplary input variables of the tire parameter estimation unit 110 are input data describing the wheel speeds and the steering angle, at least partially the output values of the strapdown algorithm unit 102 and the variances determined by the fusion filter 105.
• the exemplary system also includes GPS error detection and plausibility unit 111, which is designed such that, for example, it receives as input data the measurements or values of the physical variables of satellite navigation system 104 and at least partial output data from strapdown algorithm unit 102 and takes these into account in their calculations.
• GPS error detection and plausibility unit 111 which is designed such that, for example, it receives as input data the measurements or values of the physical variables of satellite navigation system 104 and at least partial output data from strapdown algorithm unit 102 and takes these into account in their calculations.
• GPS error detection and plausibility check unit 111 checks the measured values or values of the physical quantities against a stochastic model adapted to satellite navigation system 104. If the measured values or Values of the physical quantities in the context of a noise-bearing tolerance correspond to the model, they are plausibility.
• GPS error detection and plausibility check unit 111 is additionally connected to data-level fusion filter 105 and transmits the plausibilized input data to fusion filter 105.
• GPS error detection and validation unit 111 is exemplified to provide a method for selecting a satellite, and the like. by means of the following method steps:
• the maximum allowable deviation corresponds to a multiple of the standard deviation such that a probability that the position data fall in a dependent of the Standardab ⁇ scattering interval falls below a predetermined threshold.
• Standstill detection unit 108 which is designed so that it can detect a stoppage of the motor vehicle and in the case of a detected stoppage of the motor vehicle to ⁇ at least fusion filter 105 information from a
• Stability model provides. The information from one
• the standstill detection unit 108 is designed, for example, such that it receives as input data the measured values or values of the physical variables of the wheel speed sensors
• Odometrium navigation system 103 and the input data of inertial navigation system 101 uses.
• the example contemporary system used for example in accordance with a first set of input data relating to a Kraft povertyko ⁇ ordinate system and additionally a second group of input data relating to a world coordinate system, the world coordinate system is used to describe the orientation and dynamic variables of the motor vehicle.
• alignment model unit 109 is determined ⁇ an alignment angle between the motor vehicle coordinate system and the world coordinate system.
• the particular orientation of the model unit 109, Reg ⁇ tung angle between the motor vehicle coordinate system and the world coordinate system is determined on the basis of the following physical quantities: - the vectorial speed with respect to the
• Alignment model unit 109 accesses all of the measured values or values of the physical quantities of
• Alignment model unit 109 is designed, for example, such that it additionally calculates information about the data quality of the orientation angle in the form of a variance and provides fusion filter 105 in addition to the orientation angle.
• Fusion filter 105 uses the orientation angle and the variance of the orientation angle in its calculations, the results of which it provides via fusion data set 106
• Strapdown algorithm unit 102 forwards.
• Fusion filter 105 thus acquires the measured values or values of the physical quantities from the inertial navigation system 101, the sensor base system, as well as from the odometry navigation system 103 and from the satellite navigation system 104, the correction systems.
• Each individual functional block includes the error propagation calculation of one or more arbitrary computing steps of the example system. This structure allows a flexible, branching and customizable course of the signal path. The application of correction values as well as parameters from the reproductive calculation is also modeled here.
• 2 shows, by way of example, a further possible embodiment of a system according to the invention, which is likewise designed for the provision of dynamic error values in real time, in a motor vehicle (not shown).
• the system includes, for example, inertial navigation system 201, satellite navigation system 204, and odometry navigation system 203 as different sensor systems. Trägheitsnavigati ⁇ onssystem 201, GPS 204, and
• Odometrienavigationssystem 203 describe give measured values or values of the physical quantities that directly or indirectly ⁇ navigation information, namely, a position, a velocity, an acceleration, an orientation, a yaw rate or a yaw acceleration of fusion filter 205.
• the output of the measured values or values of the physical quantities takes place via a vehicle data bus, for example via a so-called CAN bus.
• Example According Satellitennavigati ⁇ onssystem 204 its measured values or values of the physical quantities are made in raw form.
• Motor vehicle inertial navigation system 201 which is a so-called MEMS IMU
• Inertial navigation system 201 comprises three yaw rate sensors which mutually register orthogonally and three acceleration sensors which detect each other orthogonally in each case.
• Satellite navigation system 204 includes a GPS receiver, which initially carries out over the satellite signal propagation time Entfer ⁇ voltage measurements to the receivable GPS satellites and also from the change of the satellite signal transit time as well as additionally from the change in the number of wavelengths of the satellite signals, a distance traveled by the vehicle path ⁇ distance determined.
• Odometrienavigationssystem 203 includes depending ⁇ wells a wheel speed sensor at each wheel of the motor vehicle, and a Lenwinkelsensor. The wheel speed sensors each determine the Radcardgschwindmaschine their associated wheel and the steering angle sensor determines the chosen steering angle.
• Inertial navigation system 201 outputs its measured values or values of the physical quantities to preprocessing unit 206 of inertial navigation system 201.
• Pre-processing unit 206 now corrects the measured values or values of the physical quantities or the navigation information described therein by means of corrections received by preprocessing unit 206 from fusion filter 205. The thus corrected measured values or values of the physical quantities or the navigation information described therein are continued
• Strapdown algorithm unit 207 now makes a position determination based on the corrected measurements or values of the physical quantities of preprocessing unit 206. In this case, this position determination is a so-called dead reckoning navigation on the basis of the inertial navigation system 201. For this purpose, the corrected measured values or values of the physical quantities or the navigation information described therein are continuously processed over time by the pre-processing unit 206
• Strapdown algorithm unit 207 further compensates for a Coriolis force acting on inertial navigation system 201, which may affect the measurements of the physical quantities of inertial navigation system 201. To determine the position leads
• Strapdown Algorithm Unit 207 a two-fold integration the input data acquired by the inertial navigation system 201 describing accelerations over time. This allows an updating of a previously known position as well as an updating of a previously known orientation of the motor vehicle. For determining a speed of the motor vehicle, strapdown algorithm unit 207 performs a simple integration of the input data acquired by inertial navigation system 201 over time. Further corrected strapdown algorithm unit 207 and the specific position by means of corresponding correction values from fusion ⁇ filter 205. Fusion filter 205 thus performs the correction in this example, only indirectly via strapdown algorithm unit 207.
• the measured values or values of the physical quantities or navigation information determined by strapdown algorithm unit 207 ie the position, the speed, the acceleration, the orientation, the rotation rate and the rotational acceleration of the motor vehicle, are now displayed on output module 212 and on fusion filters 205 led.
• the so-called strapdown algorithm unit 207 performs.
• Strapdown algorithm is computationally only slightly complex and can therefore be realized as a real-time capable sensor base system. It represents a procedure for integrating the measured values or values of the physical quantities of the inertial navigation system 201 with respect to speed, orientation and position and contains no filtering, so that an approximately constant latency and group delay result.
• the term sensor-based system describes the sensor system whose measured values or values of the physical quantities are corrected by means of the measured values or values of the physical parameters of the other sensor systems, the so-called correction systems.
• the correction systems are odometry navigation system 203 and satellite navigation system 204.
• Output module 212 relays the navigation information determined and corrected by strapdown algorithm unit 207 to any other systems of the motor vehicle.
• the measured values or values of the physical quantities acquired by satellite navigation system 204 are, for example, first forwarded to preprocessing unit 208 of satellite navigation system 204 in the form of sensor signals via a so-called UART data connection.
• Preprocessing unit 208 now determines from the satellite navigation system 204 measured values of the physical quantities representing GPS raw data and also a description of the orbit of the respective GPS satellite transmitting the GPS signals, a position and a speed of the motor vehicle in FIG.
• satellite navigation system 204 determines a relative speed of the motor vehicle to the GPS satellites from which GPS signals are received.
• preprocessing unit 208 corrects a timing error of a receiver clock of satellite navigation system 204 caused by a drift of the receiver clock contained in the output data, and by means of a correction model, the changes in the signal propagation time and the caused by atmospheric influences on the GPS signals transmitted by the GPS satellites pathway.
• the correction of the time error as well as the atmospheric influences are carried out by means of correction filters obtained by means of Fusionsfilter 205 via the CAN bus.
• Satellite navigation system 204 is still approximately feasibility check module 209 associated with which plausibility check the measured values or values of the physical sizes of the navigation information, so the position and the speed of the vehicle output from the preprocessing unit 208 ⁇ .
• the plausibilized input data from plausibility module 209 are then output to fusion filter 205.
• the system further comprises preprocessing unit 210 of the odometry navigation system 203, which receives the measured values or values of the physical variables acquired by the odometry navigation system 203 via the CAN bus. The acquired measured values or values of the physical variables, the output data of the individual wheel speed sensors and the output data of the steering angle sensor.
• Pre-processing unit 210 now determines the position and the orientation of the data output from odometry navigation system 203 measured values or values of the physical quantities according to a so-called
• preprocessing unit 210 corrects the measured values or physical value values obtained by odometry navigation system 203 by means of correction values obtained by fusion filter 205.
• Odometrienavigationssystem 203 is further feasibility check approximately module assigned 211 which plausibility check the measured values or values of the physical quantities, that is, the position, orientation, velocity, acceleration, the rate of rotation and the rotational acceleration of the motor vehicle output from preprocessing ⁇ unit 210.
• the tellitennavigationssystem means of inertial navigation system 201 and by means of Sa- 204 specific measurement values or values of the physical quantities, to make the measured values or values of the physical quantities of the odometry navigation system 203 plausible.
• the measured values or values of the physical quantities are also calibrated against a sensor-individual model assigned to them
• Fusion filter 205 is embodied, for example, as an Eror State Space Kalman filter.
• the main task of fusion filter 205 is, for example, to correct the measured values or values of the physical quantities of the sensor base system, ie of inertial navigation system 201, by means of measured values or values of the physical variables n of odometry navigation system 203 and satellite navigation system 204, which represent the correction systems to output corresponding correction values to strapdown algorithm unit 207.
• inertial navigation system 201 is assumed to be free from random errors and external disturbances, the measurements of the physical quantities of inertial navigation system 201 are exclusively white noise.
• Fusion Filter 205 is a so-called Eror State Space Kalman Filter, only the quantitative error values of the measured values or values of the physical quantities are determined and corresponding corrections are carried out.
• the system shown in FIG. 2 represents a so-called virtual sensor, wherein inertial navigation system 201, Odometry navigation system 203 and satellite navigation system 204, however, are not components of the virtual sensor.
• a virtual sensor is a system which always generates the same output data or outputs regardless of the type of sensor systems involved - in this case inertial navigation system 201, odometry navigation system 203 and satellite navigation system 204. On the basis of the output data or outputs is not clear what sensor systems are powered ⁇ connected into the system.
• the error propagation calculation is formed as a series of function blocks connected in series. This division into a series of function blocks allows an uncomplicated and flexible adaptation of the error propagation calculation at any time. Furthermore, the interim results at the output can use any functi ⁇ onsblocks. Branches and the influence of other parameters and corrections, eg of filter 205 filters, can also be supplemented without changes to the overall modeling.
• the output data are used, for example, as input parameters for filtering.
• Fig. 3 shows an exemplary structure of a series-connected to function blocks 31, 32, 33 and 34. According to the example is carried out a classification in different Def lertypen ⁇ . Thus, a division of the total error is achieved in single error.
• the accuracies assigned to these individual error types are referred to below as description variables.
• the calculation and passing on of the description variables to user functions enable the functionally individual evaluation of the measured values or values of the physical quantities.
• the classification into description variables provides additional information, the sum of the individual errors in turn gives the total uncertainty or the total error.
• measured values or values of the physical quantities occurs stepwise, but always based on basic operations.
• measured values or values of the physical quantities are also output from intermediate steps.
• a concept for the measure of accuracy as a datasheet calculated in real time for the virtual sensor goes beyond mere modeling as variances in fusion filter 35 itself.
• the physical quantities are calculated in the form of error propagation, with known dependencies of physical quantities also being taken into account in the form of an error propagation law.
• the physical quantities are considered simplistic as independent and mutually independent of each other.
• all uncertainties already modeled in another description quantity and assumed to be independent are set to zero.
• other parameters such as corrections from fusion filter 35, are used to calculate the physical quantities.
• the error propagation is for this purpose attributed to the basic operations of the data processing system used.
• the modeling of the signal path starts with the sensor systems as source, the physical quantities are used as starting values according to the specifications of the sensors in their real data sheets. Assuming the correct modeling of the uncertainties in fusion filter 35, a specification of the signal properties corresponding to the current operating state is thus achieved for each process step of the signal processing.
• the continuity risk of fusion filter 35 is consistent with the continuity risk of the IMU sensor system and strapdown algorithm, as their availability and compliance with the specifications are, by example, the smallest necessary basis for the operation of fusion filter 35.
• the physical quantities are determined, these are determined by the Non-reaction to fusion filter 35 arbitrary selectable.
• an error propagation law specific to each property is selected.
• the error propagation calculation can be realized with any distribution functions that are individual for the physical variables.
• the basic operations for the fusion filter 35 implemented by way of example in the form of a digital, time and value-discrete system are:
• the method according to the invention is exemplified for the correction of zero and scale factor errors of an acceleration measurement 31 by fusion filters 35, their rotation 33 in navigation coordinates by the rotation matrix 36 and their summation in a velocity 34 with simultaneous correction 32 of the absolute value by fusion filter 35.
• These basic equations form the Function blocks for describing the signal path. For clarity, in this example, it is assumed that errors of the rotary matrix 36 and a sampling interval, as well as general influences and errors of the Coriolis acceleration and the estimated gravitational acceleration are negligible. For a complete However, these assumptions are not allowed for 36 as the filter-corrected physical quantity.

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• 2014
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