Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms
  • A01N43/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings
  • A01N43/28—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings with two hetero atoms in positions 1,3
  • A01N43/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with two or more hetero atoms five-membered rings with two hetero atoms in positions 1,3 with two oxygen atoms in positions 1,3, condensed with a carbocyclic ring

Definitions

• Active Compound Combinations Comprising Proquinazid and Spiroxamine and optionally Prothioconazole
• the invention relates to active compound combinations, in particular within a fungicide composition, which comprises (A) proquinazid and (B) spiroxamine and optionally (C) prothioconazole. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops, to the use of a combination according to the invention for the treatment of seed, to a method for protecting a seed and to the treated seed.
• Proquinazid having the chemical name 6-iodo-2-propoxy-3-propyl-4(3H)-quinazolinone (Compound A) and its manufacturing process starting from known and commercially available compounds is described in WO 94/26722. Proquinazid is commercially available under the trade designation Talius ® .
• Spiroxamine having the chemical name 8-tert-butyl-l,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2- ylmethyl(ethyl)(propyl)amine 8-(l,l-dimethylethyl)-N-ethyl-N-propyl-l,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decane- 2-methanamine (Compound B) and its manufacturing process starting from known and commercially available compounds is described in EP-A 0 281 842.
• Prothioconazole having the chemical name 2-[2-(l -chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2- hydroxypropyl]-l,2-dihydro-3H- l,2,4-triazole-3-thione (Compound C) and its manufacturing process starting from known and commercially available compounds is described in WO-A 96/16048.
• Active compound combinations comprising spiroxamine and further fungicides are disclosed in EP-A 0 627 163, EP-A 0 833 561, EP-A 0 831 702, and WO-A 01/37666. Active compound combinations comprising prothioconazole and further fungicides are disclosed in WO-A 98/47367, WO-A 03/073850, WO-A 03/073851, and WO-A 03/073852. Active compound combinations comprising proquinazid and further fungicides are disclosed in WO 98/33381. According to "Getreide Magazin 1/2008" page 1, col. 4, line 33 - page 2, col.
• the invention provides active compound combinations or compositions which in some aspects at least achieve the stated objectives. Surprisingly, the active compound combinations according to the present invention provide a broader spectrum of action and reduced application rates. More surprisingly, the active compound combinations according to the present invention provide a broader spectrum of action and reduced application rates in combination with very good yield effects.
• the combinations or compositions according to the invention not only bring about the additive enhancement of the spectrum of action with respect to the phytopathogens to be controlled that was in principle to be expected but achieves a synergistic effect which extends the range of action of the component (A) and of the component (B) and optionally of the component (C) in two ways.
• the rates of application of the component (A) and of the component (B) and optionally of the component (C) are lowered whilst the action remains equally good.
• the fungicidal combinations according to the invention also have further surprising advantageous properties which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity.
• advantageous properties include: a broadening of the spectrum of fungicidal activity to other phytopathogens, for example to resistant strains; a reduction in the rate of application of the active ingredients; adequate fungicidal control with the aid of the compositions according to the invention, even at a rate of application at which the individual compounds are less effective or totally ineffective; advantageous behavior during formulation or upon application, for example upon grinding, sieving, emulsifying, dissolving or dispensing; increased storage stability; improved stability to light; more advantageous degradability; improved toxicological or ecotoxicological behavior; improved characteristics of the useful plants including: emergence, crop yields, more developed root system, tillering increase, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, less fertilizers
• the active compound combination according to the present invention allows excellent powdery mildew control.
• the combination according to the invention can allow an increased persistence of the fungicide efficacy of the active compounds that are employed.
• Another advantage of the combination according to the invention relies in that an increased curativity is achievable.
• an active compound combination comprising:
• (C) prothioconazole wherein the weight ratio of A:B is from 1 : 1 to 1 :8. Preferably, the weight ratio of A:B is from 1 : 1 to 1 :7.
• this invention provides an active compound combination comprising (A) proquinazid and (B) spiroxamine.
• this invention provides an active compound combination comprising (A) proquinazid and (B) spiroxamine and (C) prothioconazole.
• the active compound combinations according to the present invention do not comprise cyflufenamid.
• this invention provides an active compound combination consisting of (A) proquinazid and (B) spiroxamine and suitable adjuvants, solvents, carrier, surfactants or extenders.
• this invention provides an active compound combination consisting of (A) pro- quinazid and (B) spiroxamine and (C) prothioconazole and suitable adjuvants, solvents, carrier, surfactants or extenders.
• the compounds (A) and (B) or the compounds (A) and (C) or the compounds (B) and (C) are present in a synergistically effective weight ratio of A:B orA:C orB:C.
• the weight ratio of A:B is from 1:1 to 1 :7, preferably from 1 :2 to 1 :6, more preferably from 1 :3 to 1 :6.
• the weight ratio of A:C is from 1 : 1 to 1 :20, preferably from 1:1 to 1:10, more preferably from 1 :2 to 1:6.
• the weight ratio of B:C is from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably from 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably from 3:1 to 1:3.
• the weight ratio of A:B is from 1:1 to 1:7 and the weight ratio of A:C is from 1:1 to 1:20, preferably the weight ratio of A:B is from 1:2 to 1:6 and the weight ratio of A:C is from 1:1 to 1:10, more preferably the weight ratio of A:B is from 1 :3 to 1 :6 and the weight ratio of A:C is from 1 :2 to 1 :6.
• the weight ratio of A:B is from 1:1 to 1:7 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably the weight ratio of A:B is from 1:2 to 1:6 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 5:1 to 1 :5, more preferably the weight ratio of A:B is from 1 :3 to 1 :6 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 3:1 to 1 :3.
• the weight ratio of A:C is from 1:1 to 1:20 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 10:1 to 1:10, preferably the weight ratio of A:C is from 1:1 to 1:10 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably the weight ratio of A:C is from 1:2 to 1:6 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 3:1 to 1:3.
• the weight ratio of A:B is from 1:1 to 1: 7
• the weight ration of A:C is from 1:1 to 1:20 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 10:1 to 1: 10
• the weight ratio of A:B is from 1 :2 to 1 :6
• the weight ration of A:C is from 1:1 to 1:10
• the weight ratio of B:C is from 5:1 to 1:5, more preferably the weight ratio of A:B is from 1:3 to 1 :6,
• the weight ration of A:C is from 1:2 to 1:6 and the weight ratio of B:C is from 3:1 to 1:3.
• Compounds (A) or compounds (B) or compounds (C) having at least one basic centre are capable of forming, for example, acid addition salts, e.g. with strong inorganic acids, such as mineral acids, e.g. perchloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, a phosphoric acid, a hydro- halic acid, such as hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen bromide and hydrogen iodide, or acidic salts, such as NaHSC and KHSO4, with strong organic acids, formic acid, carbonic acid and alkanoic acids, such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid and propionic acid, and also glycolic acid, thiocyanic acid, lactic acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, sorbic acid oxalic acid, al- kylsulphonic acids
• Compounds (A) or compounds (B) or compounds (C) having at least one acid group are capable of forming, for example, salts with bases, e.g. metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, e.g. sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower alkylamine, e.g. ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethyl-propyl-amine, or a mono-, di- or tri-hydroxy- lower alkylamine, e.g. mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine.
• bases e.g. metal salts, such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, e.g. sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyr
• corresponding internal salts may optionally be formed.
• any reference to the free compounds (A) or free compounds (B) or free compounds (C) or to their salts should be understood as including also the corresponding salts or the free compounds (A) or free compounds (B) or free compounds (C), respectively, where appropriate and expedient.
• the equivalent also applies to tautomers of compounds (A) or compounds (B) or compounds (C) and to their salts.
• the expression “combination” stands for the various combinations of compounds (A) and (B) and optionally (C), for example in a single “ready-mix” form, in a com- bined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active compounds, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
• the order of applying the compounds (A) and (B) and optionally (C) is not essential for working the present invention.
• composition comprising a combination according to this invention.
• the fungicidal composition comprises an agriculturally acceptable support, carrier or filler.
• the term "support” denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic compound with which the active compound (A) and (B) and optionally (C) is combined or associated to make it easier to apply, notably to the parts of the plant.
• This support is thus generally inert and should be agriculturally acceptable.
• the support may be a solid or a liquid.
• suitable supports include clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilisers, water, alcohols, in particular butanol, organic solvents, mineral and plant oils and derivatives thereof. Mixtures of such supports may also be used.
• composition according to the invention may also comprise additional components.
• the composition may further comprise a surfactant.
• the surfactant can be an emulsifier, a dispersing agent or a wetting agent of ionic or non-ionic type or a mixture of such surfactants.
• surfactant content may be comprised from 5% to 40% by weight of the composition.
• Colouring agents such as inorganic pigments, for example iron oxide, titanium oxide, ferrocy- anblue, and organic pigments such as alizarin, azo and metallophthalocyanine dyes, and trace elements such as iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum and zinc salts can be used.
• additional components may also be included, e.g. protective colloids, adhe- sives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetration agents, stabilisers, sequestering agents.
• the active compounds can be combined with any solid or liquid additive, which complies with the usual formulation techniques.
• composition according to the invention may contain from 0.05 to 99% by weight of active compounds, preferably from 10 to 70% by weight.
• the combination or composition according to the invention can be used as such, in form of their formulations or as the use forms prepared therefrom, such as aerosol dispenser, capsule suspension, cold fogging concentrate, dustable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, emulsion oil in water, emulsion water in oil, encapsulated granule, fine granule, flowable concentrate for seed treatment, gas (under pressure), gas generating product, granule, hot fogging concentrate, mac- rogranule, microgranule, oil dispersible powder, oil miscible flowable concentrate, oil miscible liquid, paste, plant rodlet, powder for dry seed treatment, seed coated with a pesticide, soluble concentrate, soluble powder, solution for seed treatment, suspension concentrate (flowable concentrate), ultra low volume (ULV) liquid, ultra low volume (ULV) suspension, water dispersible granules or tablets, water dispersible powder for slurry treatment, water soluble granules or tablets, water soluble powder for seed treatment and wettable powder.
• the treatment of plants and plant parts with the active compound combination according to the invention is carried out directly or by action on their environment, habitat or storage area by means of the normal treatment methods, for example by watering (drenching), drip irrigation, spraying, atomizing, broadcasting, dusting, foaming, spreading-on, and as a powder for dry seed treatment, a solution for seed treatment, a water-soluble powder for seed treatment, a water- soluble powder for slurry treatment, or by encrusting.
• compositions include not only compositions which are ready to be applied to the plant or seed to be treated by means of a suitable device, such as a spraying or dusting device, but also concentrated commercial compositions which must be diluted before application to the crop.
• the active compounds within the combinations or compositions according to the invention have potent microbicide activity and can be employed for controlling undesired micro-organisms, such as fungi or bacteria, in crop protection or in the protection of materials.
• fungicide compounds can be employed in crop protection for example for controlling Plasmodiophoromycetes, Oomy- cetes, Chytridiomycetes, Zygomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes and Deuteromycetes.
• the fungicide combinations or compositions according to the invention can be used to curatively or preventively control the phytopathogenic fungi of plants or crops.
• a method for curatively or preventively controlling the phy- topathogenic fungi of plants or crops comprising the use of a fungicide combination or composition according to the invention by application to the seed, the plant or to the fruit of the plant or to the soil in which the plant is growing or in which it is desired to grow.
• the combinations or composition of the invention is also suitable for the treatment of seeds.
• a large part of the damage caused by diseases on cultigens occurs by infestation of the seed during storage and after sowing the seed in the ground as well as during and after germination of the plants. This phase is especially critical since the roots and shoots of the growing plant are particularly sensitive and even a small amount of damage can lead to withering of the whole plant.
• the method of treatment according to the invention may also be useful to treat propagation material such as tubers or rhizomes, but also seeds, seedlings or seedlings pricking out and plants or plants pricking out. This method of treatment can also be useful to treat roots.
• the method of treatment according to the invention can also be useful to treat the over-ground parts of the plant such as trunks, stems or stalks, leaves, flowers and fruit of the concerned plant.
• Plants which can be treated in accordance with the invention include the following main crop plants: maize, soya bean, alfalfa, cotton, sunflower, Brassica oil seeds such as Brassica napus (e.g. canola, rapeseed), Brassica rapa, B.juncea (e.g. (field) mustard) and Brassica carinata, Arecaceae sp. (e.g. oilpalm, coconut), rice, wheat, sugar beet, sugar cane, oats, rye, barley, millet and sorghum, triticale, flax, nuts, grapes and vine and various fruit and vegetables from various botanic taxa, e.g. Rosaceae sp. (e.g.
• pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also stone fruits such as apricots, cherries, almonds, plums and peaches, and berry fruits such as strawberries, raspberries, red and black currant and gooseberry), Ribesioidae sp., Juglandaceae sp., Betulaceae sp., Anacardiaceae sp., Fagaceae sp., Moraceae sp., Oleaceae sp. (e.g. olive tree), Actinidaceae sp., Lauraceae sp. (e.g. avocado, cinnamon, camphor), Musaceae sp. (e.g.
• Rubiaceae sp. e.g. coffee
• Theaceae sp. e.g. tea
• Sterculiceae sp. e.g. lemons, oranges, mandarins and grapefruit
• Solanaceae sp. e.g. tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, capsicum, aubergines, tobacco
• Liliaceae sp. Compositae sp. (e.g. lettuce, artichokes and chicory - including root chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (e.g.
• Cucurbitaceae sp. e.g. cucumbers - including gherkins, pumpkins, watermelons, calabashes and melons
• AUiaceae sp. e.g. leeks and onions
• Cruciferae sp. e.g. white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, horseradish, cress and Chinese cabbage
• Leguminosae sp. e.g. peanuts, peas, lentils and beans - e.g. common beans and broad beans
• Chenopodiaceae sp. e.g.
• plants which can be treated in accordance with the invention include cereals such as wheat, rye, barley and triticale, Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g. cucumbers - including gherkins, pumpkins, watermelons, calabashes and melons), Solanaceae sp. (e.g. tomatoes, peppers, capsicum, aubergines), Rosaceae sp. (e.g. pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also berry fruits such as strawberries), Compositae sp. (e.g. lettuce, artichokes and chicory - including root chicory, endive or common chicory), Umbelliferae sp. (e.g.
• carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g. cucumbers - including gherkins, pumpkins, watermelons, calabashes and melons), AUiaceae sp. (e.g. leeks and onions), Cruciferae sp. (e.g. white cabbage, red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, pak choi, kohlrabi, radishes, horseradish, cress and Chinese cabbage), Leguminosae sp. (e.g. peanuts, peas, lentils and beans - e.g. common beans and broad beans), soya bean, grapes and vine, sugar beet and cutflowers.
• Cucurbitaceae sp. e.g. cucumbers - including gherkins, pumpkins, watermelons, calabashes and melons
• AUiaceae sp. e.g. leeks and onions
• preferred plants which can be treated with an active compound combination comprising (A) proquinazid and (B) spiroxamine include cereals such as wheat, rye, barley and triticale, Cucurbitaceae sp. (e.g. cucumbers - including gherkins, pumpkins, watermelons, calabashes and melons), Solanaceae sp. (e.g. tomatoes, peppers, capsicum, aubergines), Rosaceae sp. (e.g. pome fruits such as apples and pears, but also berry fruits such as strawberries), Compositae sp. (e.g.
• Umbelliferae sp. e.g. carrots, parsley, celery and celeriac
• preferred plants which can be treated with an active compound combination comprising (A) proquinazid and (B) spiroxamine and (C) prothiocon- azole include cereals such as wheat, rye, barley and triticale.
• the method of treatment according to the invention can be used in the treatment of genetically modified organisms, e.g. plants or seeds.
• Genetically modified plants are plants of which a heterologous gene encoding a protein of interest has been stably integrated into genome.
• the expression "heterologous gene encoding a protein of interest” essentially means genes which give the transformed plant new agronomic properties, or genes for improving the agronomic quality of the modified plant.
• the inventive method for controlling unwanted fungi can also be employed for protecting storage goods.
• Storage goods are understood to mean natural substances of vegetable or animal origin or processed products thereof which are of natural origin, and for which long-term protection is desired.
• Storage goods of vegetable origin for example plants or plant parts, such as stems, leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, grains, can be protected freshly harvested or after processing by (pre)drying, moistening, comminuting, grinding, pressing or roasting.
• Storage goods also include timber, both unprocessed, such as construction timber, electricity poles and barriers, or in the form of finished products, such as furniture.
• Storage goods of animal origin are, for example, hides, leather, furs and hairs.
• the inventive active ingredients may prevent adverse effects, such as rotting, decay, discoloration, discoloration or formation of mould.
• "storage goods” is understood to denote natural substances of vegetable origin and their processed forms, more preferably fruits and their processed forms, such as pomes, stone fruits, soft fruits and citrus fruits and their processed forms.
• Non-limiting examples of pathogens of fungal diseases which can be treated in accordance with the invention include: diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example Blumeria species, for example Blume- ria graminis; Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator; Microsphae- ra species, for example Microsphaera diffusa; Leveillula species, for example Leveillula taurica; Erysiphe species, for example Erysiphe cichoracearum; diseases caused by rust disease pathogens, for example Gymnosporangium species, for example Gymnosporangium sabinae; Hemileia species, for example Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species, for example Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Ph
• triticina P. graminis or P. striiformis
• Uromyces species for example Uro- myces appendiculatus
• diseases caused by pathogens from the group of the Oomycetes for example Albugo species, for example Algubo Candida
• Bremia species for example Bremia lactucae
• Peronospora species for example Peronospora pisi or P.
• brassicae Phytophthora species, for example Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species, for example Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species, for example Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species, for example Pythium ultimum; leaf blotch diseases and leaf wilt diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, for example Alternaria solani; Cercospora species, for example Cercospora beticola; Cladiosporium species, for example Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species, for example Cochliobolus sativus (co- nidia form: Drechslera, Syn: Helminthosporium), Cochliobolus miyabeanus; Colletotrichum species, for example Colletotrichum lindemuthanium
• Phaeosphaeria species for example Phaeosphaeria nodorum
• Pyrenophora species for example Pyrenophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici repentis
• Ramularia species for example Ramularia collo-cygni, Ramularia areola
• Rhynchosporium species for example Rhynchosporium secalis
• Septoria species for example Septoria apii, Septoria lycopersii
• Typhula species for example Typhula incarnata
• Venturia species for example Venturia inaequalis
• root and stem diseases caused, for example, by Corticium species for example Corticium gramine- arum
• Fusarium species for example Fusarium oxysporum
• Gaeumannomyces species for example Gaeumannomyces graminis
• Rhizoctonia species such as, for example Rhizoctonia solani
• Urocystis species for example Urocystis occulta
• Ustilago species for example Ustilago nuda, U. nuda tritici
• Botrytis species for example Botrytis cinerea
• Penicillium species for example Penicillium expansum and P.
• Sderotinia species for example Sderotinia sclerotiorum
• Verticilium species for example Verticilium alboatrum
• seed and soilborne decay, mould, wilt, rot and damping-off diseases caused, for example, by Alternaria species, caused for example by Alternaria brassicicola
• Aphanomyces species caused for example by Aphanomyces euteiches
• Ascochyta species caused for example by Ascochyta lentis
• As- pergillus species caused for example by Aspergillus flavus
• Cladosporium species caused for example by Cladosporium herbarum
• Cochliobolus species caused for example by Cochliobolus sa- tivus
• Colletotrichum species caused for example by Colletotrichum coccodes
• Fusarium species caused for example by Fusarium species, caused
• Taphrina species for example Taphrina deformans
• decline diseases of wooden plants caused, for example, by Esca disease caused for example by Phaemoniella damydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Fomitiporia mediterranea
• Eutypa dyeback caused for example by Eutypa lata
• Ganoderma diseases caused for example by Ganoderma boninense
• Rigidoporus diseases caused for example by Rigidoporus lignosus
• diseases of flowers and seeds caused, for example, by Botrytis species, for example Botrytis cinerea
• diseases of plant tubers caused, for example, by Rhizoctonia species, for example Rhizoctonia solani
• Helminthosporium species for example Helminthosporium solani
• Helminthosporium species for example Helminthosporium solani
• Plasmodiophora species for example Plamodiophora brassicae
• diseases caused by bacterial pathogens for example Xanthomonas species, for example Xanthomo- nas campestris pv. oryzae
• Pseudomonas species for example Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachry- mans
• Erwinia species for example Erwinia amylovora.
• phytophthora rot (Phytophthora megasperma), brown stem rot (Phialophora gregata), pythium rot (Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium irregulare, Pythium debaryanum, Pythium myriotylum, Pythium ultimum), rhizoctonia root rot, stem decay, and damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani), sclerotinia stem decay (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), sclerotinia southern blight (Sclerotinia rolfsii), thielaviopsis root rot (Thielaviopsis basicola).
• the active compound combination according to the present invention allows excellent powdery mildew control.
• diseases of plants or crops that can be controlled by the method according to the invention are diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens, for example Blumeria species, for example Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species, for example Podosphaera leucotricha; Sphaerotheca species, for example Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species, for example Uncinula necator; Microsphaera species, for example Microsphaera diffusa; Leveillula species, for example Leveillula taurica; Erysiphe species, for example Erysiphe cichoracearum Particularly preferred, the active ingredient combinations or compositions according to the invention are suitable for controlling the following plant diseases:
• Blumeria old name: Erysiphe
• graminis graminis
• cereals e.g. wheat or barley
• Ery- siphe spp. powdery mildew
• sugar beet E. betae
• vegetables e.g. E. pisi
• cucumber gourd
• muskmelon cantaloupe
• pumpkin pumpkin
• squash species e.g. E. cichoracearum
• cabbage species such as red cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cauliflower (e.g. E.
• the active compound combination or compositions according to the invention comprising prothioconazole are particularly suitable for controlling diseases on cereals.
• Such active compound combination or compositions according to the invention comprising prothioconazole are active compound combination or compositions comprising (A) proquinazid and (B) spiroxamine and (C) prothioconazole.
• Such active compound combination or compositions according to the invention comprising prothioconazole are particularly suitable for controlling the following diseases on cereals, in particular on wheat or barley:
• Mycosphaerella species for example Mycosphaerella graminicola (synonym Septoria tritici), Puc- cinia species, for example Puccinia recondite, P. triticina, P. graminis or P.
• Lepto- sphaeria species for example Leptosphaeria nodorum
• Pyrenophora species for example Pyre- nophora teres, Pyrenophora tritici repentis, Pyrenophora graminea
• Ramularia species for example Ramularia collo-cygni, Gaeumannomyces species, for example Gaeumannomyces graminis
• Fusarium species for example Fusarium culmorum
• Gibberella species for example Gibberella ze- ae
• Monographella species for example Monographella nivalis
• Septoria species for example Septoria nodorum
• Cochliobolus species caused for example by Cochliobolus sativus
• the active compound combination or compositions according to the invention comprising prothioconazole in particular improved control of Mycosphaerella species, for example Mycosphaerella graminicola (synonym Septoria tritici) can be obtained.
• the active compound combination or compositions according to the invention allow a broadening of the spectrum of fungicidal activity to other phytopathogens against the individual compounds are less effective or totally ineffective: Additionally, although achieving adequate fungicidal control a reduction in the rate of application of the active ingredients can be achieved by the active compound combination or compositions according to the invention. Such reduction in the rate of application of the individual active ingredients reduces the risk of resistances against such individual active ingredients.
• the application rate of at least one of the active ingredient of the active compound combination or compositions according to the invention can be reduced while the excellent control of diseases caused by powdery mildew pathogens and/or other diseases on cereals, such as diseases caused by Mycosphaerella species, for example Mycosphaerella graminicola (synonym Septoria tritici) remain equally good.
• the method of treatment according to the invention also provides the use or application of compounds (A) and (B) and optionally (C) in a simultaneous, separate or sequential manner. If the single active ingredients are applied in a sequential manner, i.e. at different times, they are applied one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. Preferably the order of applying the compounds (A) and (B) and optionally (C) is not essential for working the present invention.
• the application rates can be varied within a relatively wide range, depending on the kind of application.
• the application rate of the inventive active ingredients is generally and advantageously
• leaves from 0.1 to 10 000 g/ha, preferably from 10 to 1000 g/ha, more preferably from 10 to 800 g/ha, even more preferably from 50 to 300 g/ha (in the case of application by watering or dripping, it is even possible to reduce the application rate, especially when inert substrates such as rock- wool or perlite are used);
• the application rate of the inventive active ingredients is preferably • from 20 to 100 g/ha proquinazid (compound (A)), more preferably from 30 to 70 g/ha proquinazid, most preferably from 35 to 60 g/ha proquinazid;
• the application rate for spiroxamine is below 300 g/ha, more preferably lower that 275 g/ha.
• compositions of the invention are particularly suitable for the treatment of seeds.
• the invention comprises a procedure in which the seed is treated at the same time with a compound (A) and a compound (B) and optionally a compound (C). It further comprises a method in which the seed is treated with compound (A) and compound (B) and optionally compound (C) sequentially or separately, i.e. at different times. If the single active ingredients are applied in a sequential / separate manner, i.e. at different times, they are applied one after the other within a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days. Preferably the order of applying the compounds (A) and (B) and optionally (C) is not essential for working the present invention.
• the invention also comprises a seed, which has been treated with compound (A) and compound (B) and optionally compound (C) at the same time.
• the invention also comprises a seed, which has been treated with compound (A) and compound (B) and optionally compound (C) sequentially or separately, i.e. at different times.
• the active ingredients can be applied in separate layers. These layers can optionally be separated by an additional layer that may or may not contain an active ingredient.
• seed which has been treated with compound (A) and compound (B) and optionally compound (C) at the same time or at different times refers to seed that still comprises an amount of compound (A) and compound (B) and optionally compound (C).
• the present invention therefore also relates to a method for protection of seed and germinating plants from attack by phytopathogenic fungi, by treating the seed with an inventive composition.
• the invention likewise relates to the use of the inventive compositions for treatment of seed to protect the seed and the germinating plant from phytopathogenic fungi.
• the invention further relates to seed which has been treated with an inventive composition for protection from phytopathogenic fungi.
• One of the advantages of the present invention is that the particular systemic properties of the inventive active ingredients and compositions mean that treatment of the seed with these active ingredients and compositions not only protects the seed itself, but also the resulting plants after emergence, from phytopathogenic fungi. In this way, the immediate treatment of the crop at the time of sowing or shortly thereafter can be dispensed with.
• inventive active ingredients or compositions can especially also be used with transgenic seed, in which case the plant growing from this seed is capable of expressing a protein which acts against pests.
• the inventive active ingredients or compositions By virtue of the treatment of such seed with the inventive active ingredients or compositions, merely the expression of the protein, for example an insecticidal protein, can control certain pests. Surprisingly, a further synergistic effect can be observed in this case, which additionally increases the effectiveness for protection against attack by pests.
• the inventive compositions are suitable for protecting seed of any plant variety which is used in agriculture, in greenhouses, in forests or in horticulture and viticulture.
• this is the seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale, sorghum/millet and oats), maize, cotton, soya beans, rice, potatoes, sunflower, bean, coffee, beet (for example sugar beet and fodder beet), peanut, oilseed rape, poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, sugar cane, tobacco, vegetables (such as tomato, cucumbers, onions and lettuce), turf and ornamentals (see also below).
• the treatment of the seed of cereals (such as wheat, barley, rye, triticale and oats), maize and rice is of particular significance.
• transgenic seed As also described below, the treatment of transgenic seed with the inventive active ingredients or compositions is of particular significance.
• This relates to the seed of plants containing at least one heterologous gene. Definition and examples of suitable heterologous genes are given below.
• the inventive composition is applied to the seed alone or in a suitable formulation.
• the seed is treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment.
• the seed can be treated at any time between harvest and sowing. It is customary to use seed which has been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits. For example, it is possible to use seed which has been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15 % by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seed which, after drying, for example, has been treated with water and then dried again.
• the amount of the inventive composition applied to the seed and/or the amount of further additives is selected such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged.
• compositions can be applied directly, i.e. without containing any other components and without having been diluted.
• suitable formulations and methods for seed treatment are known to those skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the following documents: US 4,272,417, US 4,245,432, US 4,808,430, US 5,876,739, US 2003/0176428 Al, WO 2002/080675, WO 2002/028186.
• the active ingredients usable in accordance with the invention can be converted to the customary seed dressing formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, slurries or other coating compositions for seed, and also ULV formulations.
• formulations are prepared in a known manner, by mixing the active ingredients with customary additives, for example customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gib- berellins and also water.
• customary additives for example customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, dyes, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gib- berellins and also water.
• Useful dyes which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all dyes which are customary for such purposes. It is possible to use either pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, or dyes, which are soluble in water. Examples include the dyes known by the names Rhodamine B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1.
• Useful wetting agents which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances which promote wetting and which are conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Preference is given to using alkyl naphthalenesulphonates, such as diisopropyl or diisobutyl naphthalenesulphonates.
• Useful dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Usable with preference are nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants. Suitable nonionic dispersants include especially ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, al- kylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristryrylphenol polyglycol ether, and the phosphated or sul- phated derivatives thereof. Suitable anionic dispersants are especially lignosulphonates, poly- acrylic acid salts and arylsulphonate/formaldehyde condensates.
• Antifoams which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibiting substances conventionally used for the formulation of active agrochemical ingredients. Silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate can be used with preference.
• Preservatives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples include dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal. Secondary thickeners which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all substances usable for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Preferred examples include cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and finely divided silica.
• Adhesives which may be present in the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention are all customary binders usable in seed dressing products.
• Preferred examples include polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol and tylose.
• the gibberellins are known (cf. R. Wegler "Chemie der convinced für Schweizer- und Schadlingsbekampfungsstoff" [Chemistry of the Crop Protection Compositions and Pesticides], vol. 2, Springer Verlag, 1970, p. 401-412).
• the seed dressing formulations usable in accordance with the invention can be used, either directly or after previously having been diluted with water, for the treatment of a wide range of different seed, including the seed of transgenic plants. In this case, additional synergistic effects may also occur in interaction with the substances formed by expression.
• the procedure in the seed dressing is to place the seed into a mixer, to add the particular desired amount of seed dressing formulations, either as such or after prior dilution with water, and to mix everything until the formulation is distributed homogeneously on the seed. If appropriate, this is followed by a drying process.
• the compound ratio A/B, A/C or A B/C may be advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect.
• a synergistic effect of fungicides is always present when the fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations exceeds the total of the activities of the active compounds when applied individually.
• the expected activity for a given combination of two or three active compounds can be calculated as follows (cf. Colby, S.R., "Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations", Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22).
• X denotes the efficacy when using active compound A at an application rate of m ppm (or g ha),
• Y denotes the efficacy when using active compound B (or C) at an application rate of n ppm
• Z denotes the efficacy when using active compound C at an application rate of r ppm (or g ha),
• Ei denotes the efficacy when using active compounds A and B at application rates of m and n ppm (or g/ha), and
• E2 denotes the efficacy when using active compounds A and B and C at application rates of m and n and r ppm (or g/ha),
• the efficacy is determined in %. 0 % means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control, whereas an efficacy of 100 % means that no infection is observed.
• the action of the combination is superad- ditive, i.e. a synergistic effect is present.
• the actually observed efficacy must exceed the value calculated using the above formula for the expected efficacy (Ei or E2).
• the advanced fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations according to the invention is evident from the example below. While the individual active compounds exhibit weaknesses with regard to the fungicidal activity, the combinations have an activity which exceeds a simple addition of activities.
• a synergistic effect of fungicides is always present when the fungicidal activity of the active compound combinations exceeds the total of the activities of the active compounds when applied individually.
• the expected activity for a given combination of two active compounds can be calculated as follows (cf. Colby, S.R., "Calculating Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations", Weeds 1967, 15, 20-22):
• X is the efficacy when active compound A is applied at an application rate of m ppm (or g ha),
• Y is the efficacy when active compound B is applied at an application rate of n ppm (or g ha),
• E is the efficacy when the active compounds A and B are applied at application rates of m and n ppm (or g/ha), respectively, and then
• the degree of efficacy, expressed in % is denoted. 0 % means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the control while an efficacy of 100 % means that no disease is observed.
• the activity of the combination is superadditive, i.e. a synergistic effect exists.
• the efficacy which was actually observed must be greater than the value for the expected efficacy (E) calculated from the abovementioned formula.
• Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound or active compound combination at the stated rate of application. After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are dusted with spores of Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici. The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 18°C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80% to promote the development of mildew pustules.
• the test is evaluated 7 days after the inoculation. 0%> means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100%> means that no disease is observed.
• the table below clearly shows that the observed activity of the active compound combination according to the invention is greater than the calculated activity, i.e. a synergistic effect is present.
• the products were applied once.
• the treatment was made in May at the elongation stage (BBCH 31-32).
• the spray volumes were in line with farmers' practice, varying from 200-300 1/ha (Tab. 2).
• PQA+PTZ 400 EC 1,25 Proquinazid (PQA) 40 50
• Example 3 in vivo preventive Pyrenoyhora teres test (barley)
• Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound or active compound combination at the stated rate of application. After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Pyrenophora teres. The plants remain for 48 hours in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20°C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 100%. The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 20°C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80%.
• the test is evaluated 8 days after the inoculation. 0%> means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100%) means that no disease is observed.
• the application rates 400 + 750 + 100 ppm of the active compounds correspond to 200 + 375 + 50 g a.i./ha and the application rates 400 + 500 + 100 ppm of the active compounds correspond to 200 + 250 + 50 g a.i./ha.
• Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound or active compound combination at the stated rate of application. After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are sprayed with a spore suspension of Puccinia triticina. The plants remain for 48 hours in an incubation cabinet at approximately 20°C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 100%). The plants are placed in the greenhouse at a temperature of approximately 20°C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 80%>.
• the test is evaluated 8 days after the inoculation. 0%) means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100%) means that no disease is observed.
• the application rates 400 + 750 + 100 ppm of the active compounds correspond to 200 + 375 + 50 g a.i./ha and the application rates 400 + 500 + 100 ppm of the active compounds correspond to 200 + 250 + 50 g a.i./ha.
• Example 5 in vivo preventive Fusarium sraminearum test (barley)
• Emulsifier 1 part by weight of alkylaryl polyglycol ether
• a suitable preparation of active compound 1 part by weight of active compound or active compound combination is mixed with the stated amounts of solvent and emulsifier, and the concentrate is diluted with water to the desired concentration.
• young plants are sprayed with the preparation of active compound or active compound combination at the stated rate of application. After the spray coating has been dried, the plants are slightly injured by using a sandblast and afterwards they are sprayed with a conidia suspension of Fusarium graminearum.
• the plants are placed in the greenhouse under a translucent incubation cabinet at a temperature of approximately 25°C and a relative atmospheric humidity of approximately 100%. The test is evaluated 5 days after the inoculation. 0% means an efficacy which corresponds to that of the untreated control, while an efficacy of 100% means that no disease is observed.
• the application rates 400 + 750 + 100 ppm of the active compounds correspond to 200 + 375 + 50 g a.i./ha and the application rates 400 + 500 + 100 ppm of the active compounds correspond to 200 + 250 + 50 g a.i./ha.
• Examples 3, 4 and 5 show that surprisingly in the ternary mixture according to the invention the weight ratio of proquinazid to spriroxamine and therewith the application rate of spriox- amine and the active ingredients in total can be significantly reduced without losing any efficacy.

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