EP3153774B1 - Générateur de gaz adapté pour des systèmes de co-génération, en particulier des systèmes de co-génération stirling - Google Patents

Générateur de gaz adapté pour des systèmes de co-génération, en particulier des systèmes de co-génération stirling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3153774B1
EP3153774B1 EP14739860.6A EP14739860A EP3153774B1 EP 3153774 B1 EP3153774 B1 EP 3153774B1 EP 14739860 A EP14739860 A EP 14739860A EP 3153774 B1 EP3153774 B1 EP 3153774B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas generator
main body
discharge conduit
generator according
conduit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14739860.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3153774A1 (fr
Inventor
Aranzazu Ruth FERNANDEZ ACARREGUI
Luis Diaz Lecumberri
Jose Angel Albarran Navarro
Jose Ignacio Fernandez De Mendiola Quintana
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Ikerlan S Coop
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Ikerlan S Coop
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
    • F23B1/30—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber
    • F23B1/38—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel characterised by the form of combustion chamber for combustion of peat, sawdust, or pulverulent fuel on a grate or other fuel support

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a gas generator adapted for cogeneration systems, particularly for Stirling cogeneration systems.
  • thermochemical process in which a fuel, such as for example biomass, is transformed into combustion gases through a thermochemical process are known.
  • This thermochemical process generates a large amount of particles which, when not filtered, leave the gas generator together with combustion gases.
  • Combustion gases can be harnessed in cogeneration systems to produce electricity and/or thermal energy.
  • the particles of combustion gases gradually deposit on the conduits, exchanger fins, or other apparatus connected to the gas generator, blocking them and reducing their efficiency, therefore the cogeneration system must include cleaning devices that regularly eliminate said particles.
  • Mechanical cleaning devices comprising coils that move vertically along the conduits through which combustion gases circulate, entraining solid particles adhered to the walls are known in the state of the art, such as disclosed in DE19828767A1 and KR2013071530A .
  • the mechanical cleaning devices are arranged in an area reached by low temperature combustion gases, such that the thermomechanical stresses that they have to withstand are lower.
  • cogeneration systems such as those described in WO2013122291A1 and WO2009020442A1 comprising a cyclone connected to the gas generator or to the boiler, wherein the combustion gases generated are clean of particles of combustion generated during the thermochemical process, are known in the state of the art. That is due to the effect produced in the cyclone causing the particles of combustion to be separated from combustion gases, depositing them on the lower conical part of the cyclone.
  • the gas generator is a fixed bed gas generator wherein the fuel is fed into the generator from the upper part and the air is fed from the lower part, the gasification system further comprising a particle separator extending like a jacket over the gas generator, and initially filtering the combustion gases that are obtained in the generator and will subsequently be cleansed in the cyclone connected to the generator.
  • US2010/132596A1 discloses a burner for solid fuel comprising a cylindrical main body with solid fuel supply means, means for the inlet of primary air, a secondary body surrounding the main body and demarcating a secondary chamber, and an outlet conduit for the combustion gases.
  • the main body is provided with a plate with holes in its lower part, said plate being arranged so as to receive the fuel without the fuel flowing through.
  • the burner further comprising inside the main body, means generating a partial vacuum in the burner, so as to create a primary air circulation from the bottom of said plate through the latter and the fuel resting on top up to the outlet conduit in the upper part of the burner.
  • US2010/132596A1 forms the basis for the two-part form of claim 1.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a gas generator adapted for cogeneration systems, particularly for Stirling cogeneration systems, according to claim 1.
  • a gas generator is thus obtained with an integrated particle cleaning system making use of the acceleration and directional effect of combustion gases with particles so that said particles are separated from the combustion gases as a result of the centrifugal forces generated.
  • the obtained gas generator allows combustion gases leaving the gas generator to be clean of particles at the maximum possible temperature, such that it can be used for Stirling cogeneration systems in which gases must reach Stirling while they are very hot.
  • combustion gases leaving the gas generator are conducted to another device for cleaning, whereby said gases cool down during the cleaning process and may not be used for Stirling cogeneration applications.
  • the integrated cleaning system is also static, i.e., it does not include elements movable with respect to one another, so the components thereof do not suffer mechanical wear, the noise generated in the conventional systems also being reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a gas generator 1 according to the invention.
  • the gas generator 1 comprises a main body 2 demarcating a combustion chamber 3, a fuel inlet 6 for the entry of fuel into said combustion chamber 3, a fuel oxidizing fluid inlet 7 and an outlet conduit 9 for the exit of the combustion gases.
  • thermochemical processes are known in the state of the art and as such are not an object of the invention, so it is not considered necessary to describe them.
  • Coal, wood, pellets, household waste can be used as fuel, biomass preferably being used.
  • the fuel comprises pellets.
  • the fuel oxidizing fluid can be air, oxygen, vapor, or mixtures of said fluids.
  • the oxidizing fluid is air.
  • the gas generator 1 comprises feeding means 13 including a conveyor 14 driving the pellets to the fuel inlet 6, in the embodiment shown in Figure 1 said fuel inlet 6 being a conduit communicating the conveyor 14 with the combustion chamber 3.
  • the gas generator 1 shown in Figure 1 further comprises a burner vessel 15 in which the feeding means 13 deposit the pellets through the fuel inlet conduit 6, said burner vessel 15 being arranged in the lower part of the gas generator 1.
  • the air inlet 7 is made in the lower part of the gas generator 1 through a corresponding conduit communicating with the burner vessel 15.
  • the burner vessel 15 comprises orifices 16 through which air necessary for burning the fuel comprised in the burner vessel 15 passes.
  • the gas generator 1 comprises a crate 23 below the burner vessel 15, crate in which ashes generated during the thermochemical process are collected. It further comprises an igniter 25 adapted for triggering the combustion of the pellets in the burner vessel 15.
  • the main body 2 has a substantially cylindrical geometry closed at an upper end 19 and open at a lower end 24 for communication with the burner vessel 15.
  • the main body 2 comprises a cover 20 closing the upper end 19.
  • the cover 20 and the main body 2 can be made as a single part.
  • the gas generator 1 comprises a secondary body 4 surrounding the main body 2 demarcating a secondary chamber 5.
  • the secondary body 4 has a substantially cylindrical geometry and is arranged substantially concentric to the main body 2.
  • the combustion chamber 3 communicates with the secondary chamber 5 through a discharge conduit 8, said discharge conduit 8 communicating tangentially with the combustion chamber 3.
  • the discharge conduit 8 communicates with the combustion chamber 3 above the fuel inlet 6. Furthermore, the discharge conduit 8 extends laterally from the upper end 19 of the main body 2.
  • the discharge conduit 8 is housed in the secondary chamber 5 following a curved path.
  • the path of the discharge conduit 8 is helical.
  • the discharge conduit 8 has a geometry such that the outlet section 18 of said discharge conduit 8, arranged at one end of the discharge conduit 8, is arranged substantially orthogonal to the main body 2.
  • the outlet section 18 has a smaller surface than the surface of the inlet section 21 of the discharge conduit 8, arranged at the opposite end of the discharge conduit 8.
  • Both sections 18 and 21 are substantially rectangular in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 and 3 , but they can have other geometric shapes, such as square or circular, for example.
  • the geometry and arrangement of the discharge conduit 8 with respect to the main body 2 cause the combustion gases to be discharged from the discharge conduit 8 forming helical paths.
  • the combustion gases tangentially enter the secondary chamber 5 through the discharge conduit 8, following a helical path, against the inner surface of the secondary body 4.
  • the particles present in the combustion gases are thus separated from the combustion gases, being collected in the lower part of the gas generator 1.
  • the narrowing of the discharge conduit 8 towards the outlet means that the speed with which the combustion gases leave the discharge conduit 8 is greater and, therefore, the efficiency of the particle cleaning system is also greater.
  • the location of the discharge conduit 8 at the end 19 of the main body 2 allows maximizing the helical path the combustion gases follow before leaving the gas generator 1 so that the combustion gases can be cleansed more efficiently.
  • the outlet conduit 9 comprises a nozzle 10 arranged concentric to the main body 2 and communicating the secondary chamber 5 with the outlet conduit 9 through which clean gases leave.
  • the discharge conduit 8 laterally goes through the outlet conduit 9.
  • the outlet conduit 9 comprises an opening 11 in the nozzle 10 with the discharge conduit 8 going through it, the first body 2 and the discharge conduit 8 being coupled to one another.
  • the opening 11 is arranged a longitudinal distance H from a free end 26 of the nozzle 10.
  • the upper end 19 of the main body 2 is housed inside the nozzle 10.
  • the nozzle 10 assures that dirty gases with particles of combustion do not directly leave the discharge conduit 8 to the outlet conduit 9.
  • dirty gases follow a helical path in the second chamber 5, depositing the particles in said second chamber 5.
  • the part of the nozzle 10 having a length H prevents dirty gases with particles of combustion from directly leaving the discharge conduit 8 to the outlet conduit 9.
  • the combustion gases cleansed along their helical path leave the secondary chamber 5 as clean gases through a gap 12 present between the nozzle 10 and the main body 2.
  • the nozzle 10 has a substantially cylindrical geometry and is arranged substantially concentric to the main body 3, generating a substantially ring-shaped gap 12 between the inner surface of the nozzle 10 and the outer surface of the main body 2.
  • the combustion gases tend to travel very close to, almost against, the inner wall of the secondary body 4. Once they reach the end of the nozzle 10, the free end 26 of the nozzle 10 forces the combustion gases to abruptly change their travelling direction.
  • the clean combustion gases leave through the gap 12, they come into contact with the outside of the main body 3, which is subject to a higher temperature than the secondary body 4, such that temperature drop in the clean combustion gases from the time they are generated to the time they leave through the outlet conduit 9 is minimized.
  • the nozzle 10 is designed such that the length H of the portion from the free end 26 to the opening 11 is such that the effect of temperature increase during the circulation of clean gases through the gap 12 compensates for pressure drops that occurred during the abrupt change of direction caused by the nozzle 10.
  • the outlet conduit 9 communicates directly only with the secondary chamber 5, the combustion chamber 3 communicating with the secondary chamber 5 only through the discharge conduit 8.
  • the gas generator 1 comprises an insulator 17 externally surrounding the secondary body 4 and the outlet conduit 9 to prevent heat transfer to the outside.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Générateur de gaz adapté pour des systèmes de co-génération, en particulier des systèmes de co-génération Stirling, comprenant un corps principal (2) délimitant une chambre de combustion (3), une entrée de combustible (6) pour l'entrée de combustible dans ladite chambre de combustion (3), un corps secondaire (4) entourant le corps principal (2) délimitant une chambre secondaire (5), un conduit de sortie (9) pour la sortie des gaz de combustion, et un conduit d'évacuation (8) faisant communiquer la chambre de combustion (3) avec la chambre secondaire (5), ledit conduit d'évacuation (8) communiquant tangentiellement avec la chambre de combustion (3), caractérisé en ce que le conduit de sortie (9) pour la sortie des gaz de combustion comprend une buse (10) entourant le corps principal (2) de sorte que les gaz de combustion sont évacués par le conduit d'évacuation (8) vers la chambre secondaire (5), formant des chemins hélicoïdaux, nettoyant les particules des gaz de combustion, des gaz de combustion propres sortant par une ouverture (12) entre la buse (10) du conduit de sortie (9) et le corps principal (2).
  2. Générateur de gaz selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le conduit d'évacuation (8) est logé dans la chambre secondaire (5) suivant une trajectoire courbe.
  3. Générateur de gaz selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel le conduit d'évacuation (8) présente une géométrie telle que la section de sortie (18) dudit conduit d'évacuation (8) est disposée sensiblement orthogonale au corps principal (2).
  4. Générateur de gaz selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel la section d'entrée (21) du conduit d'évacuation (8) présente une surface plus grande que la section de sortie (18).
  5. Générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le conduit d'évacuation (8) s'étend latéralement à partir d'une extrémité supérieure (19) du corps principal (2).
  6. Générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le corps principal (2) présente une géométrie sensiblement cylindrique fermée à l'extrémité supérieure (19), la chambre de combustion (3) communiquant avec la chambre secondaire (5) uniquement par le conduit d'évacuation (8).
  7. Générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le conduit d'évacuation (8) communique avec la chambre de combustion (3) au-dessus de l'entrée de combustible (6).
  8. Générateur de gaz selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le conduit d'évacuation (8) traverse latéralement la buse (10) du conduit de sortie (9).
  9. Générateur de gaz selon la revendication 1 ou 8, dans lequel la buse (10) présente une géométrie sensiblement cylindrique et est disposée sensiblement concentrique au corps principal (2).
  10. Générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le corps secondaire (4) présente une géométrie sensiblement cylindrique et est disposé sensiblement concentrique au corps principal (2).
  11. Générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant un isolant (17) entourant extérieurement le corps secondaire (4) et le conduit de sortie de gaz (9).
  12. Système de co-génération de type Stirling, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un générateur de gaz (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP14739860.6A 2014-06-06 2014-06-06 Générateur de gaz adapté pour des systèmes de co-génération, en particulier des systèmes de co-génération stirling Active EP3153774B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/ES2014/070472 WO2015185768A1 (fr) 2014-06-06 2014-06-06 Générateur de gaz adapté pour des systèmes de co-génération, en particulier des systèmes de co-génération stirling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3153774A1 EP3153774A1 (fr) 2017-04-12
EP3153774B1 true EP3153774B1 (fr) 2019-07-17

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EP14739860.6A Active EP3153774B1 (fr) 2014-06-06 2014-06-06 Générateur de gaz adapté pour des systèmes de co-génération, en particulier des systèmes de co-génération stirling

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WO (1) WO2015185768A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUA20163609A1 (it) * 2016-05-19 2017-11-19 Kira Tech S R L "micro-cogeneratore".
CN105953218A (zh) * 2016-06-27 2016-09-21 安陆市凯达环保设备有限公司 一种生物颗粒防结焦燃烧机
PL237091B1 (pl) 2018-09-27 2021-03-08 Wilczynski Wieslaw Przed Produkcyjno Handlowe I Uslugowe Globe System ogrzewania głowicy silnika Stirlinga

Family Cites Families (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19828767A1 (de) 1997-06-27 1999-01-28 Robert Bloos Heizkessel für die Verbrennung von festem Brennstoff
DE102006001299A1 (de) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-12 Eckhart Weber Holzpellet-Blockheizkraftwerk mit Stirlingmotor in Brennwerttechnik
FR2907881B1 (fr) * 2006-10-27 2017-11-03 Sylvian Longatte Bruleur pour chaudiere a combustibles solides du type biomasse,pneu ainsi qu'une chaudiere comportant un tel bruleur
FR2919711B1 (fr) * 2007-08-02 2009-11-06 E U R L Jean Marie Thevenon Sa Echangeur thermique vertical a flux inverses
TR200705430A2 (tr) 2007-08-03 2008-12-22 Detes Maden Enerji̇ Ve Çevre Teknoloji̇si̇ Si̇stemleri̇ Li̇mi̇ted Şi̇rketi̇ Katı yakıt gazlaştırma ve gaz temizleme sistemi.
KR101346231B1 (ko) 2011-12-21 2014-01-07 대한민국 목재 펠릿 보일러의 연관 청소 장치
KR101363689B1 (ko) 2012-02-13 2014-02-14 (주)귀뚜라미 펠릿보일러

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EP3153774A1 (fr) 2017-04-12

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