EP3152818A1

EP3152818A1 - Electric machine and method, and use thereof

Info

Publication number: EP3152818A1
Application number: EP15726164.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ruediger Schroth
Original assignee: Robert Bosch GmbH
Current assignee: SEG Automotive Germany GmbH
Priority date: 2014-06-05
Filing date: 2015-06-03
Publication date: 2017-04-12
Also published as: DE102014210692A1; JP2017523750A; WO2015185591A1; US20170110922A1; CN106464073A

Abstract

The subject matter of the present invention relates to an electric machine (10) for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice-versa, in particular a generator such as a Lundell alternator and/or a belt-driven starter generator, having at least two conductive components with a magnetic flux therebetween during conversion, in particular having at least one rotor (20) and at least one stator (16) associated therewith, wherein a damping device (100) of the type of a shim (101) is integrally bonded without strain to at least one of the two components, that is to say without strain relative to another component, or between adjacent components, in order to reduce magnetic noise. The invention further relates to a method and to a use thereof.

Description

Description title

Electric machine and method and use thereof The invention relates to an electrical machine for converting mechanical

Energy in electrical energy or vice versa, in particular a generator such as a Klauenpolgenerator and / or a belt-driven starter generator according to the preamble of claim 1 Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing and / or operating an electrical machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa , in particular a starter device such as a starter or a generator such as a claw pole generator, according to the preamble of claim 8.

Last but not least, the invention relates to a use of at least one damping device in the manner of a shim in an electric machine in which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy or vice versa, in particular in a starter device such as a starter or in a generator such as a claw pole generator according to claim 9.

State of the art

The invention is based on an electrical machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or reversible executed to

Conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy according to the preamble of the independent claims. The subject matter of the present invention is electrical machines, in particular claw pole generators, for the DC voltage supply of vehicle electrical systems in motor vehicles.

From the prior art generators for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy in the motor vehicle are known. Common is the use of generators, which are equipped with an electrical excitation. These generators generate alternating currents, which are converted into direct current via a rectifier in order to use this current in DC on-board motor vehicles. In motor vehicles, especially AC generators in the form of claw pole generators are used to generate energy. A rotor comprises a rotor shaft on which at least one pole core and two claw poles are mounted. Upon rotation of the rotor shaft or the rotor, this rotates relative to a stator or stand called. The runner is guided on both sides by means of end shields in roller bearings. If a direct current flows through a field winding in the rotor, a magnetic field is created. As the rotor rotates, the magnetic field induces an AC voltage in the stator windings.

The pole core, the two claw poles and usually a spacer are pressed in the prior art on the rotor shaft. For this purpose, the claw poles and the pole core must be pierced in the middle. Depending on the design of the electric machine, especially depending on the number of stator phases and the claw design, forces are generated which stimulate the structure of the electrical machine to vibrate. This leads to a so-called magnetic noise.

JP 2008 048 466-A discloses an electric machine with a damping device designed as a shim. The shim is arranged between the stator and a motor housing. The shim is attached to the motor housing.

Shims are generally known from various publications, for example JP 2010 239725. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The electrical machine according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the use according to the invention with the features of the corresponding main claim or subordinate claim have the advantage over the prior art that in an electrical machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, in particular A generator such as a claw pole generator and / or a belt-driven starter generator, having at least two conductive components between which a magnetic flux is present during the conversion, in particular with at least one rotor and at least one associated stator, wherein at least one of the two components, preferably at the Stator or stator, in particular tension-free, that is without tension with another component or between adjacent components, a damping device like a Shims to reduce a magnetic noise stoffschlü is arranged, a magnetic noise is reduced. Due to the cohesive arrangement, the damping device is easily attached later. Various embodiments are conceivable, so that the magnetic noise can be reduced gradually. By cohesive attachment to the stator or stator, without distortion, ie without another component is contacted, or even without a tension with another component or between components, for example, between the bearing plate and the stator or stator, is necessary, is a subsequent attachment possible on all generators. As a shim, for example, a thin sheet metal, approximately in the range of a few millimeters thick, can act of a metallic material. The sheet metal can be designed as a thin sheet with a thickness range <= 2.99 mm, as a center sheet with a thickness range> = 3.00 mm to <= 4.75 mm or as a large sheet with a thickness range> = 4.76 mm. Preference is given to thin sheets. In another embodiment, instead of a metal sheet or in addition thereto, a metal foil may be provided. For use as a shim, the sheet is attached to the stator or stator at its periphery. The attachment to the stator is preferred because there arise the forces from the electromagnetic flux. In addition, the offers Stator or stand has enough space to attach the shims or shims.

In one embodiment, it is correspondingly provided that the component on which the damping device or the at least one shim is arranged, is designed as a stator or stator. In one embodiment, the damping device comprises at least one shim. In a preferred embodiment, the damping direction is designed as at least one shim. According to the preferred embodiment, the terms damper and shim may be used interchangeably.

A further embodiment provides that the damping device, comprising a shim or designed as a shim, is adhesively bonded to the stator or stator by means of at least one adhesive. Preferably, silicone rubber is provided as the adhesive. Because of the on the stator or

Stand prevailing temperatures, a temperature-resistant adhesive is preferably provided. In particular, an adhesive is provided which is temperature resistant for a temperature range> = 75 ° C, more preferably> = 85 ° C and most preferably> = 95 ° C.

Yet another embodiment provides that the damping device or the shim is formed in multiple layers, in particular as a multilayer composite material. The composite can be prefabricated and then applied to the stator. In another embodiment, the shim may be layered on the stator with a first shim attached to the stator. Then a second shim is attached to the first shim and so on. In this way, a gradual damping can be made. The further shims are preferably bonded to the respective previous shim, for example with an adhesive such as a silicone rubber. The shims themselves are formed in one embodiment as a metal strip. In another embodiment, all shims are the same. In yet other embodiments, at least one shim is different in shape to another shim in terms of its shape and / or material. For example, shims with different thicknesses can be used. Yet another embodiment provides that the shims recesses and / or have projections, for example through openings or other geometries.

In addition, an embodiment provides that the damping device are at least partially wound in a circumferential direction around the stator, so that they surround the stator at least partially in the circumferential direction. The shims can also be axially aligned. The best results for damping can be achieved with circumferentially arranged shims. In this case, a dimension of the shims in the circumferential direction is greater than one in the axial direction, that is, the shim is greater in the longitudinal direction than in the transverse direction. The turn is arranged so that the shim does not overlap itself. In another embodiment, an overlap is provided. For example, the overlap is simple, with the shim at least partially overlapping itself once. In another embodiment, the shim overlaps several times.

It is also provided in one embodiment that a plurality of damping devices are provided. A damping device can consist of one or more shims or comprise several shims. For example, the shims are connected to one another in a material-locking manner. The shims are arranged in layers one above the other. In addition, several damping device can be provided, wherein the damping devices can be the same or different.

Accordingly, an embodiment provides that the plurality of damping devices are arranged parallel and / or in series with each other. Preferably, the damping devices are arranged in the circumferential direction. To realize, for example, a full enclosure, the shims / damping devices can be arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction. In other embodiments, the damping devices / shims are arranged side by side in the circumferential direction, ie parallel.

The inventive method with the features of the corresponding main claim has the prior art over the advantage that at a method for producing and / or operating an electrical machine for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, in particular for a generator such as a claw-pole generator and / or a belt-driven starter generator, during which magnetic flux is generated between at least two conductive components during the transformation is, in particular during which a magnetic flux is generated during the conversion between at least one rotor and at least one associated stator, wherein on at least one of the two components, a damping device like a shim free of tension, that is without tension with another component or between adjacent components is arranged cohesively to reduce a magnetic noise, the magnetic noise is reduced. Strain-free according to the present invention includes in particular an arrangement in which a shim is arranged without a bracing with another component or between components such as the end shield and the stator or stator. A tension with other components or between other components is thus eliminated. In one embodiment, the attachment of the damping device takes place without contact to adjacent components. The shim or the damping device touches, at least when attaching, no other components except the stator / stator. Contactless does not include a short-term contact, for example, in the case of permanent or repeated movements of parts relative to one another, during which a short-term contact between the shim and, for example, the end shield occurs. Contactless refers to the condition during the attachment of the shims. In a further embodiment, the connection of the damping device with a connecting means takes place exclusively by attaching the connecting means between the damping device and a single component, preferably the stator / stator. A further connection of the damping device by means of a connecting means, in particular a cohesive connecting means, with a further component, does not take place. In addition, a subsequent attachment of damping devices on existing electrical machine is possible. The shims, here in the form of metal strips, are applied in the circumferential direction aligned with the stator or stator cohesively or glued, for example with a silicone rubber. There are several shims at the same time, for example as a composite, or successively attach to the stator or to the previous shim.

The use according to the invention with the features of the corresponding main claim has the advantage over the prior art that at least one damping device in the manner of a shim, in particular a damping device described above, for noise reduction and / or for damping a magnetic flux between two components in an electric machine in which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy or vice versa, in particular in a generator such as a claw-pole generator and / or a belt-driven starter generator, as described above, so as to effect magnetic noise damping. The damping device is cohesively applied to the stator, for example by gluing. The previously known from the field of brake technology use can be correspondingly transferred to the area generators first. In one embodiment, this results in a layered structure on the stator core, which provides the following layers in order from the inside to the outside: An adhesive layer or a layer of another adhesion promoter connects to a stator core. This is followed by the damping device formed as a layer, here in the form of a shim or several shims. The multiple shims are also layered, either directly superimposed or with intermediate layers, for example, in each case one layer of a bonding agent. Finally, at the top shim then closes another layer of the damping device. The final layer is formed as a rubber coating or the like.

Brief description of the drawings

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an electric machine designed as a claw pole generator; Figure 2 is a perspective view of a detail of a claw pole generator and

3 shows a cross-sectional view of a section of a claw pole generator with damping device.

Description of the embodiment

FIG. 1 shows in a cross-sectional view an electric machine 10 designed as a claw-pole generator, more particularly a cross section through an electric machine 10, which in the embodiment shown here is designed as a claw-pole generator for motor vehicles for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. The electric machine 10 has a two-part housing 13 which comprises a first end shield 13.1 and a second end shield 13.2. The end shields 13.1 and 13.2 take in a so-called stator 16, which consists of a substantially annular stator iron 17, and in the radially inwardly directed, axially extending grooves a (outstanding) stator windings 18 are inserted or retracted. This annular stator 16 surrounds with its radially inwardly directed, grooved surface, a rotor or rotor 20 which is formed as a claw-pole rotor (not shown in detail here). The rotor 20 comprises a claw pole formed as pole 22 and an opposite pole 23, which are also called Polplatinen, here Klauenpolplatinen, at the outer periphery each extending in the axial direction Polfinger 24 and 25 (here Klauenpolfinger, also referred to as poles) are arranged , In the assembled state of the claw pole 22 and the opposite pole 23 are pressed against each other, so that their extending in the axial direction (claw) Polfinger 24 and 25 are arranged alternately on the circumference of the rotor 20. This results in magnetically required spaces between the oppositely magnetized (claw) Polfingern 24 and 25, which are referred to as (claw) Polzwischenräume. The (claw) Polfinger have a radially outer, a stator inside facing surface. Wells can be provided in this surface. The rotor 20 is by means of a rotor shaft 27 and one, depending on one side of the rotor shaft rolling bearings 28 rotatably mounted in the respective end shields 13.1 and 13.2.

The rotor 20 has two axial end faces, on each of which a fan 30 is attached. This fan 30 consists essentially of a plate-shaped or disc-shaped portion, emanating from the fan blades. The fan 30 serves to allow an air exchange between the outside of the electric machine 10 and the interior of the electric machine 10 to realize air cooling via openings 40 in the end shields 13.1 and 13.2. For this purpose, the openings 40 are provided essentially at the axial ends of the end shields 13.1 and 13.2, via which cooling air is sucked into the interior of the electric machine 10 by means of the fan 30. This cooling air is accelerated by the rotation of the fan 30 radially outward, so that they can pass through a cool air-permeable winding overhang 45. By this effect, the winding overhang 45 is additionally cooled. The cooling air passes after passing through the winding overhang 45 or after flowing around the winding overhang 45 in the radial direction through the openings to the outside.

On the right side in Figure 1, a protective cap 47 is shown, which protects various components of the rotor 20 from environmental influences and dirt. In this case, the protective flap 47 covers a so-called slip ring assembly 49, which serves to supply a field winding 51 with exciting current. Around this slip ring assembly 49 around a heat sink 53 is arranged, which acts as a positive heat sink here. As a so-called minus heat sink, the bearing plate acts 13.2. Between the bearing plate 13.2 and the heat sink 53, a connection plate 56 is arranged, which serves to connect arranged in the bearing plate 13.2 minus diodes 58 and not shown here plus diodes in the heat sink 53 with each other and thus represent a known bridge circuit.

A bobbin 60 is disposed radially outside of a pole core 63. The coil support 60 has the task to isolate the field winding 51 both against the (claw) Polplatinen 22 and 23 and on the other hand in the context of a prefabrication as a shaping element, especially after the Winding process with respect to the exciter winding wire is finished to act. The bobbin 60 is thereby pushed with two connecting conductors 66 axially over the pole core 63 and subsequently fixed axially between the two (claw) pole plates 22 and 23. In addition, the (claw) Polfinger 24 and 25 engage over the exciter winding 51 and thus form radially outwardly a kind of cage, which prevents an impermissible radial displacement of the exciter winding 51. The pole core 63 can also be axially divided into two sections, which are formed on the (claw) Polplatinen 22 and 23. A pole core length is calculated from the sum of the individual sections of the pole cores.

FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a detail of a claw pole generator. Between these two bearing plates 13.1 and 13.2, a damping device 100 formed as a shim 101 is recessed relative to the latter. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, the damping device 100 comprises a single shim 101. The shim 101 is designed as a thin sheet-metal strip, which is cohesively arranged on the stator 16 in the circumferential direction, here glued by means of a silicone rubber. The metal strip fills in the axial direction formed between the bearing plates 13.1 and 13.2 space. In the circumferential direction, the shim 101 surrounds the entire stator 16, so that it is completely covered in the circumferential direction to the outside by the shim 101 in the region of the free space. Preferably, the shim 101, as shown here, made of a different material than the end shields 13.1 and 13.2 made of a metallic sheet material. The shim 101 is glued to the stator 16 before the connection of the two end shields 13.1 and 13.2. For alignment and additional fixation of the shims 101 or the shims 101, it may come in a contact area between the shim 101 and the end shields 13.1 and / or 13.2. A bracing with the end shields 13.1 and / or 13.2 does not take place here.

FIG. 3 shows in a cross-sectional view a section of a claw-pole generator with damping device 100. On the stator 16, which has a stator inner diameter 16a and a stator outer diameter 16b and is thus annular, a damping device 100 is provided on its outer circumference. The damping device 100 is formed in the manner of a plurality of shims 101, wherein the number of shims 101 is arbitrary selectable. The stator 16 is surrounded in the axial direction by two end shields 13.1 and 13.2, which are axially spaced from each other, so that access to the stator 16 is possible. In the area between the end shields 13.1 and 13.2, the damping device 100 or the shims 101 are provided. As an example, the Shim 101 is shown in more detail on the bottom right. The shim 101 comprises, starting from the stator 16 from the inside to the outside, an adhesive layer 104 formed as an adhesive, for example of silicone rubber or another suitable material. This is followed by a metal, sheet metal or metal strip 105 connects. Optionally, as illustrated herein, sheet metal strip 105 is provided with a rubber coating or layer 106. This covers the metal strip 105 to the outside. The shim 101 is adapted to the outer contour of the stator 16. In the exemplary embodiment illustrated here, the shim 101 conforms to the outer contour approximately in the form of a circle segment on the stator 16. The adhesive layer 104 covers the complete, the stator 16 facing side of the metal strip 105 so that it is securely attached to the stator 16 and on its outer surface. Adhesive layer 104, metal strip 105 and rubber coating 106 are equally curved and in particular have the same curvature as the associated outer surface of the stator 16. Thus, the respective surfaces of stator 16, adhesive layer 104, sheet metal strip 105 and rubber coating are arranged as concentric circles (segments) to each other. In the embodiment shown here, 3 more shims 101 are provided. These are spaced from each other on the circumference of the stator 16. The shims 101 are circular or ring segment-like on the outer surface of the stator 16, adhered to this nestled. In particular, the shims 101 are adapted to the outer contour of the stator 16 such that no air inclusion is formed between the stator 16 and the shim 101.

Claims

claims

An electric machine (10) for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, in particular a generator such as a claw pole generator and / or a belt-driven starter generator, with at least two conductive components, between which a magnetic flux is present during the conversion, in particular with at least a rotor (20) and at least one associated stator (16), characterized in that

on at least one of the two components without distortion, that is without clamping with another component or between adjacent components, a damping device (100) in the manner of a shim (101) is arranged cohesively to reduce a magnetic noise.

2. Electrical machine (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the component on which the damping device (100) is arranged as a stator (16) or stator is formed.

3. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that

the damping device (100) is adhesively bonded to the stator (16) or stand by means of at least one adhesive (104).

4. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, characterized in that

the damping device (100) is multi-layered, in particular as a multilayer composite material. Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 4, characterized in that

the damping device (100) is wound at least partially in a circumferential direction around the stator (16) so that it surrounds the stator (16) at least partially in the circumferential direction.

Electrical machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that

a plurality of damping devices (100) are provided.

Electric machine (10) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that

the plurality of damping devices (100) are arranged in parallel or in series with each other.

Method for producing and / or operating an electrical machine (100) for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy or vice versa, in particular for a generator such as a claw-pole generator and / or a belt-driven starter generator, during which a magnetic flux between at least two conductive fluxes In particular, in which during the conversion between at least one rotor (20) and at least one associated stator (16) a magnetic flux is generated, characterized in that

on at least one of the two components, a damping device (100) in the manner of a shim (101) free of tension, that is, without distortion with a different component or between adjacent components to reduce a magnetic noise is arranged cohesively.

Use of at least one damping device (100) in the manner of a shim for reducing noise and / or damping a magnetic flux between two components in an electrical machine (10) in which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy or vice versa, in particular in a generator such as a claw pole generator and / or a belt-driven starter generator according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 7.