EP3147426A1

EP3147426A1 - Multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments

Info

Publication number: EP3147426A1
Application number: EP15187198.5A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Andrzej Stanislaw Pinno
Original assignee: Michejda-Pinno Barbara Zofia Maria
Current assignee: Michejda-Pinno Barbara Zofia Maria
Priority date: 2015-09-28
Filing date: 2015-09-28
Publication date: 2017-03-29
Anticipated expiration: 2035-09-28
Also published as: PL3147426T3; EP3147426B1

Abstract

The object of the present invention is a multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments characterized in that the structural order applied in the building, comprising segments dividing one-story (1) high spaces and segments dividing one-and-a-half (1.5) story high spaces, makes it possible to create a compact assemblage of apartments that comprise, in accordance with their function, one-story high interior areas (used as a kitchen, dining room, working rooms, bedrooms, bathrooms etc.) and a one-and-a-half story high selected area (used as a living room, studio etc.) providing the dwellers of such a multi-family building with a sense of living in custom-designed apartments, whose interdependent configuration, including other spaces of the building, creates an integrated system of structural, functional and spatial organization of the building, lending itself to various types of housing developments and urban proposals.

Description

Technical Field

The present invention is related to a multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments used for residential, office or other purposes, equipped with suitable appliances, installations and utility connections related to the building's infrastructure. Due to the structure of the building as well as to the differentiation of level and height in selected areas of particular apartments, the solution in accordance with the invention allows to shape the interior dwelling space in a more rational and economical way as compared to prior solutions.

Background Art

Apartments in multi-family buildings are usually situated on a single story irrespective of their size and standard. Some existing solutions in architecture make it possible to incorporate two-story apartments with internal stairs into multi-family buildings. In such apartments, the upper level is usually situated directly above the lower level, or alternatively above adjacent apartments. In Modern Housing Prototypes, ISBN 9780674579422, Harvard University Press, 1981, Roger Sherwood presents a number of multi-family housing projects, including double-level apartments where suitable dwelling space is obtained as a result of varying apartment configuration within one or two stories of the building. Also, some attempts to design double-level apartments with one-and-a-half-story high rooms are known, but only as isolated solutions. However, none of the numerous solutions presented in the above monograph or in any other contemporary sources make it possible to obtain a compact assemblage of apartments that comprise a one-story (1) high area and a one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high area in a multi-family building.

Technical Problem and Solution to Problem

In previously known solutions relating to double-level apartments in multi-family housing, due to a commonly used structural order of a building with structural ceilings dividing it into one-story (1) high or two-story (2) high spaces, the additional height of selected areas within the dwelling unit, according to their function (living room, drawing room, artist's studio, etc.), was obtained by allocating two stories to them. However, such a solution is wasteful due to the costs of both: construction and use. Additionally, the two-story (2) high area creates a space out of proportion in the apartment. Individual solutions relating to double-level apartments where a part of the dwelling area is one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high, customary now in single-family houses or small apartment blocks, are possible in multi-family apartment buildings on a custom-made basis only, using for instance the attic or the last story of the building.
The invention provides a construction of a multi-family housing prototype with a possibility to build in multiple apartments where a selected part of the interior area is one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high, a construction which would be more affordable due to the lower workload and consumption of building materials, which would provide users with a more comfortable dwelling space, and the utilization of which would be more economical due to lower energy consumption as compared to existing constructions commonly used at present, where the only possibility available is to build in apartments comprising a two-story (2) high selected area.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments used for residential, office or other purposes, comprising foundations, structural ceilings, external and internal walls, and a roofing, equipped with appropriate kitchen and sanitary appliances, installations and utility connections related to the building's infrastructure, especially water and sewage, heating, ventilation, gas, electric power and telecommunication installations, characterized in that the building incorporates an assemblage of apartments that comprise a one-story (1) high part of the interior area, conforming to the story-height proper to the building, and another one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high part of the interior area, conforming to the story-height proper to the building, i.e. an assemblage of split-level, variable height apartments, delimited from above and from below by successive horizontal structural ceilings of the building, preferably forming the floors and ceilings of these apartments, accordingly.
A building in accordance with the invention, incorporating an assemblage of split-level, variable height apartments, is composed of vertical structural segments with repeatedly stacked structural ceilings dividing one-story (1) high spaces of the apartments as well as, connected with them horizontally, vertical structural segments with repeatedly stacked structural ceilings dividing one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces of the apartments.
A building according to the invention has at least two vertical structural segments comprising one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces, connected horizontally with vertical structural segments comprising one-story (1) high spaces, while the second segment situated on the opposite side of the building, facing the first one, or alongside the building line, next to the first one, is shifted vertically in relation to the first one by half-a-story (0.5).
The structural ceilings of the vertical segment dividing one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces are situated on one side of this segment every three (3) stories on the same level as the structural ceilings dividing one-story (1) high spaces and are shifted in relation to the latter by half-a-story (0.5) halfway up the height of these three stories, which occurs on the opposite side of the same segment in an inverted arrangement.
The vertical segments of the building that comprise one-story (1) high spaces are connected by stairs with the vertical segments that comprise one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces within particular units and other internal spaces of the building.
The system of the building's structural ceilings, composed of vertical segments with structural ceilings dividing one-story (1) high spaces, shifted by half-a-story in relation to each other, as well as of adjacent vertical segments with structural ceilings dividing one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces, equally shifted by half-a-story (0.5) in relation to each other, is configured in such a way that it creates a compact assemblage of split-level, variable height apartments that comprise a one-story (1) high part of the internal area, conforming to the story-height proper to the building, and a one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high part of the internal area, conforming to the story-height proper to the building.
The structure of the building determines the interior arrangement of the apartments where a selected one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high area links two typical one-story (1) high areas situated on one side on the same level, and on the other side on a level shifted vertically by half a story (0.5), which creates a highly functional solution for the dwelling space where the higher living space (living room) forms a link between the two adjacent one-story (1) high areas used as a kitchen, dining room etc. on one end, and as a more private zone with study rooms, bedrooms, children's rooms, bathrooms etc. on the other, offering also an option to use the differentiated areas of the apartment for other purposes.
Preferably, the service, common, and circulation areas of the building in accordance with the invention comprise one-story (1) high areas or one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high areas; they may also comprise one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high areas linked to one only one-story (1) high area situated on the same level or shifted vertically by half-a-story (0.5).
The construction of the structural ceilings in other variations of embodiment makes it possible to create - between larger split-level, variable height apartments - smaller apartments or studios comprising a selected one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high area linked to one only one-story (1) high area situated on the same level or shifted vertically by half-a-story (0.5), to create one-story (1) high apartments or one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high studios, as well as to combine the apartments into larger units or to form other spatial configurations where various dwelling areas may be internally arranged in different ways and situated on a level more than half-a-story lower or higher in relation to each other.
The interdependent configuration of apartments with differentiated interior spaces, stacked vertically and connected horizontally, including service, common, and circulation areas of the building, creates an integrated structural, functional and spatial system, incorporating a compact apartment assemblage whose structure, in other possible variations of embodiment, is suitable for multiplying and combining into clusters, rows or chains, lending itself to various, diverse urban proposals.
In other variations of embodiment, only a part of the multi-family building or group of buildings incorporates an assemblage of more generous split-level, variable height apartments, while the other part of the same building or group of buildings comprises more economical, standard single-level, one-story (1) high apartments.
The multi-family housing prototype in accordance with the invention may be adapted for non-residential purposes and comprise apartments combined with an office, or offices as such; it might as well be partly used for residential purposes and partly as an office building, or comprise units used for other purposes.
Preferably, the circulation core of the multi-family apartment building in accordance with the present invention is provided with at least one elevator with landings located every one-and-a-half-story (1.5) as well as with appropriate equipment and installations related to the building's infrastructure, especially water and sewage, heating, ventilation, gas, electric power and telecommunication installations. In other variations of embodiment the elevator landings are located every one-story (1) and the installations related to infrastructure are located in other parts of the building.
The structural elements of the building in accordance with the invention as well as any other materials and construction techniques may vary, consistent with common practice in the construction industry.
The multi-family housing prototype in accordance with the invention can be applied to different known housing types: a core-type, a corridor-type, and other housing types, thus lending itself to various, diverse urban proposals.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The structure of the multi-family housing prototype in accordance with the invention makes it possible to build in multiple apartments with a one-and-a-half-story high (1.5) area and offers numerous advantages as compared to currently known and commonly used structures:

Apartments comprising a one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high selected area (living room, artist's studio etc.) linked to other, one-story (1) high areas create a spatially attractive and pleasing living space within the interior and are visually appealing.
Split-level, variable height apartments within a multi-family apartment house give an impression of being personalized and custom-designed.

The higher rooms of the apartments may be used as living spaces (living room) or for special purposes (artist's studio, private office, library etc.).
The structure of the building in accordance with the invention - in comparison to commonly used housing structures - makes it possible to lower the height of selected areas of the apartment (living room, studio etc.) by reducing it from two-story height to one-and-a-half (1.5) story height, offering a better relationship to the typical one-story (1) height of the adjacent areas (dining room, kitchen, bedrooms, working rooms etc.).
The structure of the building in accordance with the invention facilitates a rational functional arrangement of the split-level apartments with a possibility to separate the kitchen or the dining room etc. from the bedrooms, children's rooms, working rooms etc.
The flights of stairs inside the apartments extend to only half-a-story (0.5), being more convenient in use and taking up less space as compared to one-story (1) high flights of stairs.
The reduction in volume of selected areas by lowering their height to one-and-a-half (1.5) story decreases construction costs and is more economical in use as compared to the volume of two-story (2) high rooms known from previous solutions.
The level differentiation of structural ceilings in the building's particular structural segments creates an attractive correlative configuration of the apartments and their attractive position in relation to the staircase.
The entrances to the apartments may be situated at the elevator landing level or half-a-story higher or lower, forming semi-private, agreeable zones with stoops and steps.
The building structure in accordance with the invention makes it possible to locate the elevator landings at intervals of one-and-a-half-story (1.5), so that the number of elevator stops in a ten-story (10) building can be reduced to seven (7).
The ratio of non-rentable to rentable area in the building is economical and ranges from ten to twelve percent (10-12%).
The invention is adaptable to the changing market by accommodating different types of apartments within one building, from more generous split-level, variable height apartments to smaller efficiency units.
The structural elements of the building in accordance with the invention, as well as any other materials and construction techniques may vary, consistent with common practice in the construction industry.
The elevations of the building may reflect the interior configuration of the split-level, variable height apartments, and particular apartments may be recognizable from the outside.
The configuration of the split-level, variable height apartments in accordance with the invention can be applied to a variety of housing types such as a tower, a core-type or a corridor-type building or to other housing types, lending itself to various, diverse urban proposals.
A significant benefit offered by the invention is the possibility of reconciling a dream of an individual home with a rational urban philosophy and the urgent social requirement in urban planning to move on from the concept of expanding suburbia towards a need to provide higher densities within the urban tissue.

Brief Description of Drawings

The attached drawings present a preferred embodiment of a multi-family apartment building in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 1: presents level one (1) floor plan of the building, showing the entrance hall at the front, the circulation core in the central part, four apartments with superimposed one-story-high (1) parts of apartments C and B1 as well as A and B on levels 0.5 and 1.5 (extended floor plans) on both sides of the building, along with section lines B and C.
Fig. 2: presents level four (4) floor plan of the building, similar to the level one (1) floor plan, showing the circulation core, four apartments with superimposed one-story-high parts of apartments A and B on levels 3.5 and 4.5 (extended floor plans) on both sides of the building, along with section lines B and C.
Fig. 3: presents level two-and-a-half (2.5) floor plan of the building showing the circulation core, four apartments with superimposed one-story-high parts of apartments A and B, on level 2 (extended floor plans) and on level 3 in the front and at the rear of the building, along with section lines B and C.
Fig. 4: presents section C of a ten-story building, marked on the building floor plans (fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3), showing the structure of the building: the middle vertical segment with repeatedly stacked structural ceilings dividing one-story-high (1) spaces as well as two corner vertical segments, shifted by half-a-story (0.5) in relation to each other, with repeatedly stacked structural ceilings dividing one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces.
Fig. 5: presents section B cut through the middle of a ten-story building, marked on the floor plans (fig.1, fig.2 and fig.3), showing repeatedly stacked one-story high spaces of the middle vertical segments on both sides of the building, as well as the arrangement of levels of the circulation core and of the elevator landings located every one-and-a-half (1.5) story.
Fig. 6: presents a perspective view of a living room interior in a split-level, variable height apartment in a multi-family building in accordance with the invention.

Fig. 7: presents a perspective view of a multi-apartment building staircase on the elevator landing level with stairs leading to the apartments situated half-a-story (0.5) lower or higher.

Best Mode for Carrying out the Invention

A ten-story multi-family housing prototype constructed in accordance with the invention as illustrated by fig. 1-7, comprising residential apartments with a spatial configuration in accordance with the invention, has been presented below as a preferred embodiment of the invention.
In accordance with fig. 1 and 2, which present the building's level one (1) and level four (4) floor plans, the building is based on a quadrangle plan and has four apartments on each floor, with typical one-story high areas occupying the middle segments of each of the four sides of the building and with selected one-and-a-half-story high areas occupying the corner segments of the building. On level one (1), two of the one-story high areas of the apartments (in the front and at the rear of the building) are situated on the same level as the entrance hall and the staircase, while the other superimposed one-story high areas (on both sides of the building) are situated half-a-story (0.5) lower and half-a-story (0.5) higher (floor plans extended beyond the main contour). Two of the four one-and-a-half (1.5) story high areas, situated diagonally in the corner segments of the building, are on the level of the staircase landing, while the other two are situated half-a-story lower. This configuration is repeated every three stories of the building, on levels 4, 7 and 10.
In accordance with fig. 3, which shows the building's level two-and-a-half (2.5) floor plan, the configuration is reversed in relation to level one (1) and level four (4), with one-story high areas situated on the staircase landing level on both sides of the building and with superimposed one-story high areas situated half-a-story (0.5) lower (floor plans extended beyond the main contour) and half-a-story (0.5) higher in the front and at the rear of the building. Two of the four one-and-a-half (1.5) story high areas, situated diagonally in the corner segments of the building, are in a reversed configuration in relation to level one (1) and level four (4). This configuration is repeated on levels 2.5, 5.5 and 8.5.
In accordance with fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig.3 (the building's level 1, 4 and 2.5 floor plans), the apartments of the building in accordance with the invention are equipped with appropriate kitchen and sanitary appliances, and the building is provided with elevators, service rooms and circulation areas as well as suitable installations and connections related to the building's infrastructure, especially water and sewage, heating, ventilation, gas, electric power and telecommunication installations located in the central part of the building.
In accordance with fig. 4 (section C, i.e. a vertical section cut through the apartments situated at the front of the building), the building structure has a middle vertical segment whose structural ceilings divide it into one-story (1) high spaces and has corner vertical segments whose structural ceilings divide them into one-and-a-half story high spaces, one of these corner segments being shifted by half-a-story (0.5) in relation to the other. The structural ceilings of the corner segments are situated every three stories on the same level as the structural ceilings of the middle segment (on levels: 1, 4, 7 and 10) and pass them halfway up this height every three stories (at levels 2.5, 5.5 and 8.5). The same configuration occurs on the opposite side of the building.
In accordance with fig. 5 (section B, i.e. a vertical section cut through the middle of the building), the middle vertical segments with structural ceilings dividing them into one-story high spaces, shifted by half-a-story (0.5) in relation to the entrance hall, are visible on both sides of the building. Staircase landings and elevator landings, located every one-and-a-half story, can be seen in the circulation core situated in the central part of the building.
In accordance with fig. 6 (perspective view of the apartment interior), the one-and-a-half (1.5) story high dwelling area is used as a living space (living room and loggia) connected by stairs with a one-story (1) high kitchen. In other variations of embodiment, the higher area of the apartment may comprise rooms designated for a different purpose (drawing room, artist's studio, private office, library) connected with other areas of the unit (dining room, kitchen, working rooms, bedrooms, children's rooms, bathrooms etc.).
In accordance with fig. 7 (perspective view of the staircase) the arrangement of the entrances to the apartments in relation to the staircase and to the elevator is differentiated in a way that some entrances are situated at the elevator landing level, while others are situated half-a-story higher or lower, forming semi-private, agreeable zones with stoops and steps.

Industrial Applicability of the Invention

The multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments may be commonly used in housing development; it may also by adapted for non-residential purposes and comprise apartments combined with an office, or offices as such; it might as well be partly used for residential purposes and partly as an office building, or comprise units used for other purposes.
The multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments may be a tower, a core-type, a corridor-type or another type of building and may be applied in various kinds of housing solutions and urban proposals.
The multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments provides its dwellers with a high level of comfort and prestige while also allowing them to participate in urban life. Furthermore, it provides an opportunity to achieve higher densities within the urban tissue and generate more rational urban developments.

Claims

A multi-family housing prototype with split-level, variable height apartments used for residential, office or other purposes, comprising foundations, structural ceilings, external and internal walls, and a roofing, equipped with appropriate kitchen and sanitary appliances, installations and utility connections related to the building's infrastructure, especially water and sewage, heating, ventilation, gas, electric power and telecommunication installations, characterized in that it incorporates an assemblage of apartments that comprise a one-story (1) high part of the interior area conforming to the story-height proper to the building, and another one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high part of the interior area conforming to the story-height proper to the building, i.e. an assemblage of split-level, variable height apartments, delimited from above and from below by successive horizontal structural ceilings of the building, preferably forming the floors and ceilings of these apartments, accordingly.
A multi-family housing prototype according to claim 1, characterized in that it is composed of vertical structural segments with structural ceilings dividing repeatedly stacked one-story (1) high spaces of the apartments as well as of connected with them horizontally vertical structural segments with structural ceilings dividing repeatedly stacked one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces of the apartments.
A multi-family housing prototype according to the preceding claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it has at least two vertical structural segments comprising one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces, connected horizontally with vertical structural segments comprising one-story (1) high spaces, while the second segment situated on the opposite side of the building, facing the first one, or alongside the building line, next to the first one, is shifted vertically in relation to the first one by half-a-story (0.5).
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the structural ceilings of the vertical segment dividing one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces are situated on one side of this segment every three (3) stories on the same level as the structural ceilings dividing one-story (1) high spaces and are shifted in relation to the latter by half-a-story (0.5) halfway up the height of these three stories, which occurs on the opposite side of the same segment in an inverted arrangement.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the vertical segments of the building that comprise one-story (1) high spaces are connected by stairs with the vertical segments that comprise one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces, within particular units and other internal spaces of the building.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the system of the building's structural ceilings is composed of vertical segments with structural ceilings dividing one-story (1) high spaces, shifted by half-a-story in relation to each other, as well as of adjacent vertical segments with structural ceilings dividing one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high spaces, equally shifted by half-a-story (0.5) in relation to each other, is configured in such a way that it creates a compact assemblage of split-level, variable height apartments that comprise a one-story (1) high part of the internal area conforming to the story-height proper to the building, and a one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high part of the internal area, conforming to the story-height proper to the building.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the building structure determines the interior arrangement of the apartments where a selected one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high area links two typical one-story (1) high areas situated on one side on the same level, and on the other side on a level shifted vertically by half a story (0.5), which creates a highly functional solution for the dwelling space where the higher living space (living room) forms a link between the two adjacent one-story (1) high areas used as a kitchen, dining room etc. on one end, and as a more private zone with study rooms, bedrooms, children's rooms, bathrooms etc. on the other, offering also an option to use the differentiated areas for other purposes.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the service, common, and circulation areas of the building comprise one-story (1) high areas or one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high areas, while they may also comprise one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high areas linked to one only one-story (1) high area situated on the same level or shifted vertically by half-a-story (0.5).
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the construction of the structural ceilings in other variations of embodiment makes it possible to create - between larger, split-level, variable height apartments - smaller apartments or studios, comprising a selected one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high area linked to one only one-story (1) high area situated on the same level or shifted vertically by half-a-story (0.5), to create one-story (1) high apartments or one-and-a-half-story (1.5) high studios, as well as to combine the apartments into larger units or to form other spatial configurations where various dwelling areas may be internally arranged in different ways and situated on a level more than half-a-story lower or higher in relation to each other.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the interdependent configuration of apartments with differentiated interior spaces, stacked vertically and connected horizontally, including service, common, and circulation areas of the building, creates an integrated structural, functional and spatial system, incorporating a compact apartment assemblage whose structure, in other possible variations of embodiment, is suitable for multiplying and combining into clusters, rows or chains, lending itself to various, diverse urban proposals.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to - 10, characterized in that in other variations of embodiment, only a part of the building or group of buildings incorporates an assemblage of more generous split-level, variable height apartments, while the other part of the same building or group of buildings comprises more economical, standard single-level, one-story (1) high apartments.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterized in that it is adapted for non-residential purposes and comprises apartments combined with an office, or offices as such, or it is partly used for residential purposes and partly as an office building, or comprises units used for other purposes.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the circulation core of the building is provided with at least one elevator with landings located every one-and-a-half-story (1.5) or every one (1) story, as well as with appropriate equipment and installations related to the building's infrastructure.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structural elements of the building, as well as any other materials and construction techniques vary, consistent with common practice in the construction industry.
A multi-family housing prototype according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it can be applied to different known housing types: a core-type, a corridor-type, and other housing types, thus lending itself to various, diverse urban proposals.