EP3146606A1

EP3146606A1 - Device and method for controlling decentralized power generation plants

Info

Publication number: EP3146606A1
Application number: EP15724256.1A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Thomas Oesselke; Björn SAUER; Hans-Peter PIRCHER
Original assignee: Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Current assignee: Phoenix Contact GmbH and Co KG
Priority date: 2014-05-20
Filing date: 2015-05-20
Publication date: 2017-03-29
Also published as: CN107005053B; WO2015177202A1; CN107005053A; DE102014107115A1; US10381841B2; EP3800755A1; US20170077711A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling decentralized power generation plants. The method comprises the steps of receiving control commands and/or measuring supply network parameters, processing the received control commands and/or the measured supply network parameters, creating control signals in response to the received control commands and/or the measured supply network parameters for the control of a first inverter, transferring the created control signals to an inverter interface for output to a first inverter, adjusting plant parameters, in particular the power output, of the decentralized power generation plant by means of the first inverter in response to the control signals received by the inverter interface. The invention further relates to a power generation plant controller and to a power generation plant having a power generation plant controller for performing the method.

Description

Apparatus and method for controlling decentralized power generation plants

description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a method for controlling a power generation plant, a control unit and a

Power generation plant with a control unit. Background of the invention

The share of power generation from decentralized

Energy generation plants (EZA) is in the past

Grown considerably over the years internationally. Worldwide installed photovoltaic power has increased from one gigawatt to over 100 gigawatts in the period from 2000 to 2012. Due to the decentralized nature of this type of energy generation and the associated temporary load reversal, new challenges arise for the network operators. Thus, an oversupply of active power in the network leads to an increase in mains voltage and frequency. In order to be able to ensure network stability, in recent years corresponding laws and directives have been implemented at national level, which make the technical conditions for grid connection more decentralized

Regulate energy production plants. Even decentralized development cooperation agencies must now make their contribution to high grid stability.

In Germany, the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) since 2012 requires the participation of regenerative

Power generation plants on the feed-in management, so that the active power is limited. This applies regardless of the Voltage level in which the grid connection of the plant takes place. The requirements for the apparent power control are for the low voltage level in the VDE-AR 4105 and for the medium voltage level in the technical guideline for generation plants at the medium voltage network of the BDEW

(Federal Association of Energy and Water Management)

listed. Internationally there are technically comparable framework conditions, for example the CEI 16

(Medium voltage) respectively CEI 21 (low voltage) in Italy. Even if the connection rules deviate from each other in detail at the national level, the basic task is always the same: The aim is to keep the line frequency and voltage within a range that guarantees the stability of the network.

A major technical challenge stems from the lack of standardization of protocols through which the inverters exchange data. For this reason, the available solutions are typically a proprietary approach of the respective inverter manufacturer or third party. Solutions from

However, third-party providers are usually at one

Inverter manufacturer limited, so as well as the inverter-specific solutions of

Inverter manufacturer not universally applicable. But this is also a disadvantage, for example

Power generation plants with inverters

different manufacturers or if in the same supply network power generation plants of different types are combined. Another problem of the network operator results from the lack of standardization in terms of

Telecontrol, which is used to transmit the setpoint specification for active and reactive power as well as for the feedback of the

Actual values of the system is used to the network operator. In practice that means extra

Communication gateways between the EZA controller and the telecom operators of the network operator are to be installed. General description of the invention

Against this background, the notifying party Phoenix Contact has developed an EZA controller function that integrates system integrators in complex power generation plants such as

For example, photovoltaic generators, wind turbines, combined heat and power (CHP) or diesel generators or a combination thereof, supported.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an EZA controller, which has a high

Has flexibility and / or modularity.

Another aspect of the task is the EZA controller

cost-effective. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling one or more decentralized

Power generation plants.

The invention also provides a power plant with an EZA controller. Further tasks emerge from the following

Description or the special advantages of with

certain embodiments are achieved. The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are

Subject of the dependent claims.

The invention describes a control device for

decentralized EZA, a procedure for the regulation of decentralized EZA and a procedure for the commissioning for decentralized EZA, in particular for photovoltaic plants.

In grid-connected, decentralized power generation plants, electric energy is generated by generators

generated. Before being fed into the grid, the electrical voltage must generally be provided by the inverter and, if necessary,

Transformers to be adapted to the grid. To maintain the network stability, it can be at a high proportion of

Energy input from decentralized

Power generation plants are required to regulate the amount of reactive power and / or active power fed by the decentralized power generation unit into the electrical supply network, for example, depending on the current grid voltage, grid frequency and active power at the grid connection point of the decentralized generating unit. This can be done via a controlling access via a communication protocol and / or via binary control signals to the inverters used. In other words, by means of the control of one or more inverters (s) of a decentralized Energy generation unit the aforementioned characteristics and thus ultimately the power output of the decentralized

Energy production unit to be regulated in the electrical supply network.

In the method according to the invention for regulating

decentralized power generation plants, the following steps are carried out. First, a database is created from which the control statements can be generated. For this purpose, for example, control commands can be received, which are kept or transmitted by the grid operator in particular as a telecontrol signal. Alternatively or cumulatively

Supply network parameters are measured with which

For example, a control module can automatically perform the necessary calculations. Utility grid parameters are, for example, utility grid voltage,

Mains supply frequency. It can also alternatively or additionally electric

Parameters of the decentralized power generation unit are measured and fed to the processing. Examples of these parameters are the injected reactive power or the active power. Preferably, the supply network parameters and / or the electrical parameters of the decentralized EZA are measured at a network connection point of the decentralized EZA.

The received control commands and / or the measured

Utility grid parameters are processed in a further step. The control module can be used for processing. In response to the received control commands and / or the measured supply network parameters control signals for controlling a first inverter are created in a further step. In other words, the control commands in change statements for the

Inverter translated. Here, the type of the

Inverter, which is already preferred when commissioning the modular

Power generation plant control is stored in a memory for further use.

The type of inverter is important because different inverters not only

may have different interfaces, but also various communication protocols can be used. Thus, the type of inverter is already in the generation of the control signals

consider. For example, the inverter can be selected from a predefined list. Preferably, the predefined list is modifiable, so that new

developed inverters and communication protocols can be considered. In today's decentralized DC, it is typical that one or more inverters are inserted between the generators of the plant and the supply network. The inverter thus establishes the electrical connection and adaptation to the specifications of the supply network. This is also because of the way of working with a

Inverter such an adaptation to the Utility parameters is ever possible. However, such decentralized DC should also be able to be regulated with the present system and the regulatory procedure, which do not have an inverter. For example, it is conceivable to directly throttle a wind turbine that directly generates alternating current in order to adapt the electrical parameters to the grid parameters.

The created control signals are in another

Transfer step to an inverter interface for output to the first inverter. The

Inverter interface is preferably already selected so that it can be connected to the inverter of the decentralized EZA to be used.

In a further step, the system parameters of the decentralized DCA are adjusted so that the specifications of the

Grid operator and / or limit values of the

Supply network are met. In other words, the power output of the decentralized EZA is typically adjusted, ie throttled. The adaptation of the decentralized EZA is done by means of the first inverter in

In response to the inverter of the

Inverter interface received control signals performed.

Particularly preferably, the presented method and the proposed power generation plant control can control more than one inverter at the same time. The first and the second inverter can be different from each other. So can the first and the second Inverters can be used in the same decentralized EZA, the first inverter can also be used in the first decentralized EZA and the second

Inverter in a second decentralized EZA. The structure of the decentralized EZA and the assignment of the first

Inverter and the second inverter to a decentralized EZA is preferably stored in advance for further use. The second inverter is representative of one or more additional inverters. Thus, preferably, 3, 4 or more to each other

various inverters from the

Power generation system control are controlled simultaneously.

The control commands are used to control the second one different from the first inverter

Inverter preferably forms second control signals. The generated control signals are then transmitted in a further step to a second inverter interface for outputting the control signals to the second inverter. In other words, there are several, preferably different, inverter interfaces, wherein each inverter interface is assigned a predefined type of inverter. It may possibly

several similar inverters with one

Inverter interface be connected. Typically, however, an inverter interface is assigned to exactly one inverter or one inverter type, so that for each inverter another

Inverter interface is used.

In a further step, the plant parameters of the decentralized power generation plant are received by means of the first and the second inverter in response to the respectively received from the inverter interface

Control signals adapted. The system parameter is in particular the output of the decentralized EZA.

Preferably, the second inverter is arranged in a second decentralized power generation plant.

In terms of the hierarchy, it is assumed that the entire network of a power generation plant, which is connected to a grid connection point, is a related DCA

represents. Within an EZA, which at one

Network connection point is connected

Partial energy generating systems be formed, each part energy generating plant is assigned a controllable inverter. Thus, the inverters define the allocation of the EZA, whereas the network connection points determine the affiliation to an EZA. Several EZA therefore have several network connection points.

A modular power generation plant control system (DCS) for regulating decentralized power generation plants comprises a programmable control module for the generation of

inverter-specific control signals for controlling the first inverter. The first inverter is assigned to the decentralized power generation plant. The modular ECR also includes a program memory of the control program control module. In other words, the control program can be stored in the program memory.

The control program preferably comprises software modules which can be stored individually, that is to say modularly, in the program memory, so that the program memory can be stored in the program memory

Software component that executes the required

Functions is suitable. For example, a software component includes the code for translating the

Control commands in control signals of a particular

Inverter type. By implementing several

Software modules can be controlled in a simple manner, for example, various types of inverters, if the appropriate software modules in the

Program memory are stored. The control module further preferably has a processor for processing as well as input and / or output of

Signals or commands.

In other words, the control module provides all

processing capabilities available and the

Inverter interfaces, telecontrol signal interface or also the measuring device interface give the

processed data in the form of signals. The EZR includes a modular expansion system

Add expansion modules to the programmable Control module. The extension system is like this

that one or more expansion modules can be added. For example, a simple expansion system is realized by pluggable

Bus connectors connect the modules directly to each other and allow the exchange of data between the modules. A highly modular EZR allows the required

To realize functions in particular the control of various types of inverter. It also makes it possible to present this with a cost-effective and integrated platform.

Furthermore, the ECC has a programmable one

Control module includes couplable first expansion module. The first expansion module has at least one inverter interface, it is also called

Inverter Interface Module. The

Inverter interface module establishes the connection with the at least one inverter. In other words, the signal connection line of the inverter is connected directly to the inverter on the one hand and directly to the inverter interface of the ECR on the other hand. By means of the inverter interface module inverter-specific control signals to the

Inverter via the inverter interface

spent. Preferably, the ECC also includes a second one

Expansion module. The second expansion module is included for one or more additional expansion modules. It can be a second and possibly more

Inverter interface modules are used. It may alternatively or cumulatively, for example

Telecontrol signal module, a measuring module or a

Communication module be used.

The second extension module as second

Inverter interface module has at least one inverter interface for establishing the connection to a second inverter. The second

Inverter is preferably different from the first inverter. By means of

Inverter interface will be the

inverter-specific control signals to the second

Inverter of the second

Inverter interface module output. the second expansion module may include a telecontrol signal module with a telecontrol interface, with which control commands can be received and forwarded to the control module. The telecontrol signal is generated individually by the respective grid operator and made available to the plant operator of the EZA via paths defined by the grid operator. The telecontrol signal may also already include a general system control characteristic and / or an inverter control characteristic.

Possibly. such a telecontrol signal is not provided. In this case, or if it is otherwise interesting, the second extension module can be a measuring module for Detecting plant and / or utility network parameters include. Supply network parameters are, for example, the reactive power fed in by the decentralized DC, or the active power, depending on the current one

Mains voltage, but also the voltage and the injected current. These metrics can be provided directly to the ECR.

But it is also a way to read out the data of external measuring instruments using the ECR. In this case, the second expansion module may include a communication module for reading out plant measuring devices.

The control module and the first expansion module are preferably arranged in a common control box. Further preferred are the control module, the first

Extension module and / or the second expansion module arranged in a common control box and adjacent to each other so that they are adjacent to each other. Then the control module and the

Extension modules by means of a plug-in bus connection

be coupled with each other. For example, the control module and the expansion modules can be mounted on a common top hat rail. In other words, it is an integrated one

Power generation plant control, wherein the components control module and expansion module or

Expansion modules in the same place or in one

common control box are arranged and preferably act from the outside on the power generation plant.

In particular, the common arrangement of Control module with expansion modules an integrated control center dar.

In another embodiment, the control module and the at least one expansion module in a central control or terminal box of

Energy generation plant arranged. The central one

Control box can be the functions of a

Assume expert known generator junction box. The accommodation of the ECR in the central control box has the advantage that no further separate box is needed for the ECR. Due to the small size or the small footprint of the proposed here ECR mounting in the central control box is in principle possible in principle. In other words, in the central control box, the essential functions of the strand merger or energy distribution

Combined generator box and system control. In particular, it is an integrated power distribution and control center.

The first inverter interface module is in this embodiment with the first inverter of

decentralized power generation plant connected. The second inverter interface module is with the second

Inverters connected. Here, the second

Inverter an inverter of the decentralized

Power generation plant or an inverter of the

be another decentralized power generation plant. Therefore, if another decentralized power generation plant is controlled by the one control module together with the decentralized power generation plant, the second inverter interface module may be connected to the inverter of the further decentralized power generation plant. In other words, at the same time several decentralized power generation plants especially with various inverters of a

Control module with regard to the

Supply network parameters are regulated.

The at least second expansion module can be arranged in a second control box. This means that the first expansion module in the control box and the second extension module, in particular the second

Inverter interface module remote from the first expansion module and the control module in the second

Control box is arranged. This may be useful if two (or more) EZA are to be controlled by the control module, which are constructed, for example, spaced from each other. The distance between the control box and the second control box can by means of a

Data link with regard to the data exchange bridged. This may also be ordinary

Ethernet connections suitable. In other words, the expansion system may thus comprise the data connection line for exchanging data between the control module and the second expansion module. In this case, the control module exchanges data with the second expansion module via the data connection line. Predefined software components can preferably be stored in the program memory of the control module. The

Predefined software modules are preferably designed to communicate with the respective expansion module and / or the further expansion module.

A decentralized power generation plant according to the invention comprises generators providing electrical power. The generators generate the energy of the EZA. Both

Generators are in particular

Photovoltaic modules, wind power generators,

Biomass plants and / or combined heat and power plants. The

various types of generators may be separate EZA, an EZA (definition of the network connection point) may also be different

Generators include. For example, a small system may comprise a combination of a plurality of solar modules and a smaller wind turbine and represents the decentralized EZA as a whole. In this example, there is a possibility that the solar modules feed the first inverter and the smaller wind turbine the second

Inverter feeds. First inverter and

Solar modules are therefore part of a first subgenerator of the decentralized EZA, the second inverter and wind turbine are part of a second subgenerator of the decentralized EZA.

By means of the inverter, the electrical

Parameters of the decentralized power generation plant, i. the "system parameters" are adapted to that of the supply network and / or to the specification. In the before

Example executed by means of the first Inverter the electrical parameters of the first

Part generator adapted. By means of the second

Inverter, the electrical parameters of the second sub-generator can be adjusted. The

Control module controls the first and the second

Inverter such that overall the setpoint of the network operator or the measured values are maintained.

The decentralized EZA therefore includes one as before

described modular power generation plant control for controlling parameters, in particular the output power, the decentralized power generation plant

In the following the invention is based on

Embodiments and explained in more detail with reference to the figures, wherein the same and similar elements are partially provided with the same reference numerals and the features of the various embodiments can be combined.

Brief description of the figures

Show it:

Fig. 1 is an overview of a typical

Energy generation plants,

Fig. 2 shows another power generation plant with several

Part generators

Fig. 3 as Fig. 2, with various types

Part generators

Fig. 4 Structure of a power generation plant control

(ECR) in a control box, Fig. 5 shows the interaction of the modular

Program blocks with the modular

Expansion modules,

Fig. 6 Overview of the communication link with the

Distribution system operators,

Fig. 7 Another possibility of

Communication connection with the

Distribution system operators,

8 as FIG. 7 as a further alternative,

Fig. 9 power generation plant control without

Telecontrol signal,

10 bla,

Fig. 11 embodiment with decentralized

Inverter interface modules.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 shows a typical power generation plant 10, to a power distribution network 100 via a

Network link point 102 is connected.

The power generation plant controller 20 (ECR) receives from the grid operator 110 by means of the telecontrol signal 104 specifications for target values, for example, for the reactive power Q or the active power output P. The setpoints can

For example, be transmitted as a direct value transmission or stored locally in the form of a characteristic, in particular in the EZR 20. The characteristic curve can also be transmitted, for example, in the context of remote maintenance, in order to store the characteristic curve in the EZR 20. In the embodiment shown also different Actual values of the system parameters are measured at the network connection point 102. The actual values of the system parameters are processed by the EZR 20 and can be used, for example, with the

Setpoint values of the telecontrol signal 104 are adjusted.

Control signals for the power generation units 12 (EZE), that is to say in particular for the inverters 40, are generated from the telecontrol signal 104 and / or the system parameters and sent to the inverters 40a, 40b, 40c. The three inverters 40a, 40b, 40c are adjusted by means of the control signals in such a way that the corresponding electrical characteristic values are adapted to the specifications.

In the embodiment, the inverters 40a, 40b, 40c, a transformer 42 is connected downstream of the

Output voltage of the inverter 40a, 40b, 40c to the

Voltage level of the supply network 100 adapts.

For example, the supply network 100 is a medium-voltage network 100, whereas the

Inverter 40a, 40b, 40c, for example, provide low voltage, that is, for example, about 400V (esp.

Europe) or 480V (especially North America) depending on the requirements of nationally valid standards. A feedback 106 to the network operator 110 to the

Plant actual values of EZA 10 can also be carried out by EZR 20.

FIG. 2 shows a further schematic overview of a decentralized power generation plant 10 in the form of a

Photovoltaic generator 10a. The decentralized EZA 10 points a plurality of partial generators 12a, 12b, 12c. Everyone

Subgenerator 12a, 12b, 12c has an associated one

Inverter 40a, 40b, 40c on. Thus, in FIG. 2, three power generation units (EZE) are shown

together form the decentralized EZA 10. In addition, a generator junction box 14 is shown in the first EZE 12a.

By means of the telecontrol signal 104, the network operator 110 provides specifications to the ECR 20 for regulating the decentralized ECA 10. The ECR 20 implements the specifications by generating the control signal 108 from the specifications, which is transmitted via the

Inverter interface module 24 is output to the inverters 40a, 40b, 40c. The inverters 40a, 40b, 40c are thus in response to the specifications of

Telecontrol signal 104 controlled. The ECR 20 also provides feedback 106 to the network operator 110 in the illustrated embodiment.

At the network junction 102 is located in the

Embodiment of Figure 2 is a network monitor 114 which monitors the system parameters of the decentralized EZE 10. The measurement signal 112 obtained from the network monitor 114 is output to the ECR 20 and processed by the ECR 20. FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a

decentralized EZA 10 with various types of power generators 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e. 12a is a photovoltaic generator 12a, a cogeneration unit 12b is a further subgenerator of the decentralized ECA 10. Further, a diesel generator 12c, a buffer memory 12d and / or a wind turbine 12e subgenerator of decentralized EZA 10. Thus, even highly complex mixed operating systems can be controlled by an EZR 20.

Each subgenerator 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e represents a power generation unit EZE, which can be adapted with corresponding control signals with regard to the system parameters.

FIG. 4 shows a power generation plant control 20 (ECR) in a control box 21. The shown ECR 20 comprises a control module 22 with a processor (CPU) 34.

By means of an expansion system 36 can

Extension modules 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 to the

Control module 22 are connected. The control module 22 forms the "heart" of the

modular EZR 20 with the processor 34, and a

Program memory 38. In this embodiment, the control module 22 further includes an additional one

Communication interface 31. This is, for example, an Ethernet interface 31 for the maintenance of the control module 22, so in particular to

Software modules in the program memory 38 to load and / or play up new program versions. In the present case, the expansion system 36 also includes an internal data connection. The data connection executed here as a plug-in bus system is thus an integrated expansion system 36. By means of the expansion system 36, a first inverter interface module 24 is now connected to the Control module 22 connected. The

Inverter interface module 24 has a

Inverter interface 24a, by means of which

Control values are output to the inverter 40. The inverter interface 24a becomes such

selected to match the inverter 40 to be addressed. It is thus a

Inverter-specific interface 24a. In the

Form shown is in the

Inverter interface module 24 to an output module, since the control values are transmitted to the inverter 40.

Adjacent to the control module 22 is a

Telecontrol signal module 25 is arranged. The telecontrol signal module 25 comprises a telecontrol signal interface 25a, at which the telecontrol signal 104 enters with the desired values. The

Telecontrol signal module 25 forwards the telecontrol signal to the control module 22 for further processing. The telecontrol signal module 25 is a

Input module, since the telecontrol signal module 25 the

Telecontrol signal 104 receives.

The EZR 20 further includes a measuring module 26 with a

Measured value interface 26a. The actual values of the

Plant parameters are suitably connected to the

Measuring module 26 for further processing in the

Transfer control module 22. Still further, the ECR 20 includes a communication module 27 having a communication interface 27a. In the shown Embodiment feedback data 106 to the

Network operator 110 sent, so for example, the actual values of the system parameters. The EZR 20 with the as in the embodiment

illustrated modules 22, 25, 26, 27 is thus a

integrated power generation plant control 20, all essential control and interface components are arranged in a common control box 21. The integrated EZR 20 has the advantage that all components are accessible in one place, in a maintenance or service environment

Modification case a technician can therefore make any settings or changes in a central location.

In addition, the components can be optimally matched to each other, so that losses that may possibly occur due to incorrect conversion of the control signals by external components, for example directly on the inverter, can be reduced or avoided. Finally, the short communication paths between the modules 22, 25, 26, 27 ensure extremely short transmission times of the corresponding signals, so that it is possible to respond quickly to any change in the ambient conditions. This is particularly interesting in regenerative power generation 12 such as wind power 12e, solar power or electricity from a biomass power plant 12b, since here

Power generation depends sensitively on the environmental conditions and the optimal characteristics of power generation constantly adapted, i. E. can be regulated. Another extension module 28 symbolizes the

Flexibility of the proposed EZR 20. Almost any Function modules can be primarily used as

Interface modules with the control module 22 couple to the functionality desired by the user

realize. In the form shown, the expansion module 28 is an input / output module, since both data can be received and transmitted.

The complete EZR 20 is mounted in Fig. 4 on a common top hat rail 32, so snapped.

FIG. 5 shows the interaction of the program modules 60 with the respective expansion modules 24, 25, 26, 27, 28. Thus, there are program modules 60 which are assigned to exactly one expansion module 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 in order to carry out the correspondingly desired function , Other program blocks may include the main program 61 which, similar to an operating system, communicates with the system architecture (CPU 34, memory 38, external

Communication interface 31, etc.).

The main program 61 can be used to ensure a software-implemented modularity of the

Entire system have standard exchange structures for internal communication or data exchange of the

Main program 61 with program blocks 60a, 60b, 60c,

60d, 60e. In other words, the main program 61 can work with the prefabricated standard replacement structures

be preinstalled standardized in the control module 22 and depending on the addition of further expansion modules 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, the program modules 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e are loaded into the control module 22. In an exemplary waveform, of the

Telecontrol signal 104 and / or the measured value signal 112

which is alternatively or cumulatively processed by the control module 22. the

Telecontrol signal module 25 is a program or

Assigned software component 60a, by means of which the telecontrol signal 104 is processed. the

Measurement module 26 is associated with a program module 60b, by means of which the measured value signals 112 are processed.

An interaction with the main program 61 makes it possible, for example, to access predefined data stored in the program memory 38. Such predefined data include, for example, the distribution system operator specification in the form of a characteristic curve or the limits of the system parameters to be observed.

From the processing result of

Telecontrol signal program module 60a and / or the

Processing result of the measured value signal program block 60 b, a control signal is generated and sent to the

Inverter interface program module 60c passed.

The inverter interface program module 60c translates the control signal to correspond to the type of the

Inverter 40 fits, so for example, with the correct communication protocol. This corrected

Control signal is sent to the inverter interface module

24 transmitted and finally by means of

Inverter interface 24 a transmitted to the inverter 40. The processing result of

Telecontrol signal program module 60a and / or the

The processing result of the measured value signal program module 60b can also be transferred to the feedback program module 60d, which generates a feedback signal 106 for the distribution network operator 110. The feedback signal 106 can then by means of the communication module 27 and the associated communication interface 27 a to the

Distribution system operators 110 are transmitted.

Other program blocks 60e may be left

Expansion modules 28 are assigned to perform corresponding functions. For example, the further program module 60e may be a second

Inverter interface program block 60e responsive to a second inverter interface module 28 for controlling a second inverter 40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e.

FIG. 6 shows a further possibility of

Communication link of the EZR 20 with the

Distribution network operator 110 for transmitting the telecontrol signal 104. The distribution network operator side, the setpoints via a serial telecontrol protocol in this case to a

Telecontrol box 118 is transmitted via cable or wireless, the ACTUAL values can also be transmitted via the telecontrol protocol. On the plant side, the default values are forwarded to the ECR 20 in another signal form. In other words, telecontrol box 118 translates the signals from the telecontrol protocol into an equipment log. On the system side, for example, the default values can be sent to the input or output as a proportional analog signal

multi-channel telecontrol signal module 25 are transmitted. A proportional analog signal can also be from the

Communication module 27 are transmitted to the telecontrol box 118.

On the system side, the default values can also be transmitted as bit-coded digital signal in definable stages to a suitable multi-channel digital telecontrol signal module 25. The transmission form is of the

Distribution system operator 110 announced so that the appropriate extension module to be used can be selected and used in the EZR 20.

FIG. 7 shows a further variant of the communication with the distribution network operator 110. In this case, the network operator 110 exchanges the data via a serial

Telecontrol protocol with the telecontrol box 118 off.

On the plant side, a local communication protocol, for example also a serial, is used. The expansion module used, namely the

Telecontrol signal module 25 of the EZR 20 is prepared in this variant to forward both input and output data, so can not only receive the telecontrol signal 104, but also transmit the actual system values 106 to the telecontrol box 118. The rule / control characteristic for the adaptation of the

decentralized EZA 10 to the supply network 100 can thereby from the grid operator 110, to the grid 100, the decentralized power generation plant 10 is connected, are set in its connection conditions. In the example shown in Figure 8 communicate

Distribution network operators 110 and EZR 20 finally directly with each other. The EZR 20 is therefore prepared in this example, directly into the used

Telecontrol protocol to receive and send translated data. In the form shown here, it is even conceivable to completely save the telecontrol signal module 25 and to arrange the telecontrol signal interface 25a on the control module 22. This seems possible and useful if the various distribution system operators 110 could agree on a communication standard and none

different telecontrol signal modules 25 would be needed.

FIG. 9 shows a variant of the EZR 20 in which no telecontrol signal 104 is transmitted by the distribution system operator 110. Rather, at the network connection point 102 the

Parameters of the distribution network 100 and the system parameters, such as current, voltage, phase measured and transmit the measured values to the measured value module 26. The

The measurement module forwards the data to the control module 22, where it is sent by means of the CPU 34 and the

Program blocks 60 are processed by the relevant variables such as power P, frequency f,

Reactive power Q, phase, etc. to obtain. With the help of the relevant variables, a control signal can be generated, transmitted to the inverter interface module 24 and finally supplied to the inverter 40. FIG. 10 shows yet another form of the EZR 20 in which no telecontrol signal 104 is used. At the

Network link point 102, the relevant quantities are measured, but by means of the decentralized network monitoring 114, wherein the EZR 20 already processed

Transmitted measurement results and the measuring module 26th

be received. In contrast to FIG. 9, FIG. 10 shows an embodiment with partial generators, such that a plurality of inverters 40, 40 a, 40 b, 40 c receive their control signals from the first and, if applicable, the second inverter interface modules 24, about the system parameters

according to the specifications. Finally, FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the EZR 20 in which the inverters 40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d are arranged distributed and as each "coupling module"

Inverter a decentralized second

Inverter interface module 24 'is assigned. In other words, the coupling modules are inverter interface modules 24 'which are not

are arranged directly adjacent to the control module 22, but communicate with the control module 22 via a data link 30. This can be a serial as in this example

Communication protocol for addressing the coupling modules 24 'act. The control values are thus over the

Inverters 40 in particular spatially assigned second inverter interface modules 24 'to the

Inverters 40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d transmitted. The second inverter interface modules 24 'may optionally the manipulated variables via a serial

Receive communication protocol and translate locally into discrete manipulated variables, e.g. an analog standard signal, which is placed on analog inputs to the inverters 40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d. In this embodiment, one provides the communication protocol to the

Parameter set of the inverter as well as the

Inverter interface module 24 adapted software or program block 60 for data transfer via the

Standard data exchange structure to the main program. Possibly. For example, the coupling modules can provide a return channel to receive data from the inverter about the EZR 20 for diagnostic or diagnostic purposes

Setting purposes to transfer.

The present EZA controller 20 can therefore be summarized by interfaces and functions to

be adapted according to the respective application requirements. By providing a basic function in hardware (HW) and software (SW) this can be realized insofar as the critical and possibly

provide approval-relevant controller functions. A trained user can be based on a

Modular system of HW and SW Modules The basic function of the controller can be modularly supplemented and adapted to interfaces, without the basic function of the controller must be changed.

The expansions of the basic function particularly affect the HW interfaces 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and the SW

Interfaces 60, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e for reading Actual values of the controlled variable, for reading external

Default values for this controlled variable as well as for the output of the manipulated variables in the controlled system. Thus, e.g. in a basic version, the described interfaces can be designed as analog input and output interfaces.

A further optimization of the system is a superimposed overall control of different self-regulated units 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e. If the acquisition of the target, detection of the actual value and the transmission of the control values 108 via other than analog interfaces, the basic function of the controller 20 is maintained and there is only an adaptation of the HW modules 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and the interface blocks 60, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e instead.

The modular expandability allows the ECR controller 20 to be individually adapted to the respective application

become. Also a mixed operation of different

Power generation equipment (e.g., wind, solar, diesel) 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e and also the combination with

Energy storage (battery systems) is possible.

The basic controller function can be used in particular

Advantageous design on an applicant side

manufacturable SPS 22 (Programmable Logic Controller - English: PLC Programmable Logic Controller) are provided for the basic programming

is also provided. Depending on the required hardware interfaces for its overall application, eg depending on the interfaces of the to be controlled

Inverter (eg RS485 communication protocol), the measurement technology to be read (eg power meter with S0 output) and the higher-level control level to be coupled for setpoint specification (eg telecontrol protocol), the user selects the necessary HW interface modules and supplements the PLC 22 with these modules 24, 25 , 26, 27, 28, respectively, releases these interfaces in the PLC 22.

SW modules 60, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e associated with the selected HW blocks 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 become the programming environment of the PLC 22

Basic programming of the control function supplemented by the required interfaces.

In an exemplary, concrete embodiment, for example, inline controllers of the 100 or 300er

Power class, the control module 22, which can be programmed according to IEC 61131. For the

Kompaktsteuerungen is provided with the present invention, a comprehensive portfolio of expansion modules 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, for example, to capture input / output data (I / O data) and over

different hardware interfaces (eg 24a, 25a, 26a, 27a) forward.

Due to the flexibility on the hardware side, the user can adapt the solution optimally to the requirements of the respective project, for example with regard to the connection to inverters 40 of different manufacturers, network analysis systems or telecontrol interfaces 25a. Should have new requirements over time

On the interface side, the existing applications can be supplemented later with additional modules or replace existing ones with new components.

The modularity and flexibility of the hardware has also been transferred to the software. The applicant Phoenix Contact has developed extensive IEC 61131-based function block libraries 60, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e, especially for solar applications, which significantly increase the engineering effort of the system integrator

to reduce. An essential part of the solution is

also the controller function. The blocks 60 for actual value acquisition and setpoint transmission to the

different inverters as well as to the telecontrol technology of the network operator couple via specially defined

Interfaces to this controller function.

The developed function block library SolarWorx allows on the one hand the simple integration of almost all leading inverters 40 in the respective photovoltaic system 10, 12a. In addition, communication modules 60 are available for coupling power meters for grid monitoring at the feed-in point. In addition to the applicators offered network analyzers from the

The EMpro product family can also support third-party components. A main focus is on the integration of Modbus-based

Communication protocols that are great in the solar environment

Find distribution. The work of the programmer

is therefore largely limited to the linkage Pre-tested software modules 60. The fine parameterization, for example, with regard to the control parameters can then be done in the system via web-based user interfaces, which can be specially adapted to the control modules.

The optimally structured portfolio of hardware and software components can thus reduce the engineering effort for the system integrator. Nevertheless, he gets far - reaching flexibility with regard to

supporting interfaces. In this way, the use of additional communication gateways - for example, to adapt to the telecontrol protocol of the respective network operator - can be avoided in many cases. Because this function can take over the controller control itself. In addition, the use of PLC-based EZA controllers 20 opens up the possibility of even hybrid decentralized

To regulate power generation plants 10, in which

Different EZE (EZE) technologies such as wind and photovoltaic are combined. If necessary, energy storage systems can also be integrated into such solutions if necessary. In terms of grid connection conditions, the responsible grid operator typically provides the data for each DCA

areas to be observed for mains frequency and voltage as well as the reactive power mode. These reference values usually refer to the network connection point 102 and not to the AC connection side of the power generation units (EZE) installed in the system, ie For example, the inverter 40th EZA controller

(Power generation plant controller) meet the requirements in large photovoltaic systems 10 on the medium-voltage network. They record the voltage and reactive power present at the grid connection point via appropriate measuring technology. Subsequently, the EZA controllers 20 determine the necessary control values for the inverters on the basis of the deviation from the specifications of the grid operator 110, which are either present as a characteristic curve or made by external reference specification. The closed-loop control compensates for internal park impedances.

Relative to the network connection point of the

Energy generation plant must comply with certain conditions for the injected active and reactive power, which are dependent on external specifications or the characteristic stored in the system. EZA controllers therefore record the present voltage and reactive power at the grid connection points and then determine the respective control values for the inverters. A hardware and software-based solution from Phoenix Contact ensures that the engineering effort remains low.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are to be read by way of example, and that the invention is not limited thereto, but that it can be varied in many ways without departing from the scope of the claims. Furthermore, it will be appreciated that the features are independent of whether they are included in the description, the claims, the figures or

are otherwise disclosed, also individually essential Define components of the invention, even if they are described together with other features.

Reference sign list:

10 power generation plant (EZA)

12 subgenerator

12a partial generator, photovoltaic generator

12b partial generator, combined heat and power plant

12c subgenerator, diesel generator

12d subgenerator, buffer memory (battery system)

12e subgenerator, wind turbine

14 generator junction box

20 power generation plant controller (ECR)

21 control box

22 control module

24 Inverter Interface Module

24 'second inverter interface module

24a inverter interface

24 'a inverter interface

25 telecontrol signal module

25a telecontrol signal interface

26 measuring module

26a measured value interface

27 communication module

27a communication interface

28 additional expansion module, second

Inverter interface module,

28a second inverter interface

31 Communication interface, Ethernet interface

32 DIN rail

34 processor (CPU)

36 extension system

38 program memory

40 inverters 0b, 40c First, second or third inverter

transformer

Program blocks, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e

main program

supply network

Network connection point

Remote control signal

feedback

Actuating signal, control signal

network operators

measuring signal

network monitoring

Claims

Method for regulating decentralized

Energy production plants (10) with the steps:

Receiving control commands (104) and / or measuring utility grid parameters (112),

Processing the received control commands (104) and / or the measured supply network parameters (112),

- generating control signals (108) in response to the received control commands (104) and / or the measured utility grid parameters (112) for controlling a first inverter (40),

Transmitting the generated control signals to an inverter interface for output to a first inverter;

- Adapting system parameters, in particular the power output, the decentralized

Power generation plant (10) by means of the first

Inverter (40) in response to the received from the inverter interface (24a)

Control signals (108).

Method according to the preceding claim,

further with the steps

Creating second control signals (108) for controlling at least one second inverter (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) different from the first inverter (40),

Transmitting the created control signals (108) to a second inverter interface (24 'a) for outputting the control signals (108) to the second inverter (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d),

Adapting the system parameters, in particular the

Power delivery, the decentralized

Power generation plant (10) by means of the first and second inverters (40, 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) in response to each of the

Inverter interface (24a, 24 'a) received control signals.

Method according to the preceding claim,

wherein the second inverter (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) is different from the first inverter (40) and / or

wherein the second inverter (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) in a second decentralized power generation plant (10 ') is arranged and

wherein the first (40) and the second inverters (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) are simultaneously controlled to adapt the plant parameters of the decentralized power plant (s) (10, 10 ') to the

Utility grid parameters (112).

Modular power generation plant controller (20) for controlling decentralized energy generation plants (10), wherein the decentralized energy generation plant (10) comprises a first inverter (40), with

a programmable control module (22) for

Generation of inverter-specific control signals (108) for controlling the first inverter (40),

a program memory (38) of the control program control module (22) (60, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e, 61),

- an expansion system (36) for modular addition of expansion modules (24, 24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28) to the programmable control module (22),

a first expansion module (24) which can be coupled to the programmable control module (22) and has at least one inverter interface (24a) as

Inverter interface module for establishing the connection with the at least one inverter (40) and for outputting the inverter-specific

Control signals (108) to the inverter (40) via the inverter interface (24a).

Modular energy generation plant control (20) according to the preceding claim,

further comprising a second expansion module (24 ', 28), wherein the second expansion module (24', 28) includes a second inverter interface module having at least one inverter interface (24 'a) for

Preparation of the compound with a second

Inverter (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d), in particular different from the first inverter (40), and for outputting the inverter-specific control signals (108) to the second inverter (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) via the inverter interface

(24 'a) of the second inverter interface module

(24 ', 28).

Modular energy generation plant control (20) according to the preceding claim,

wherein the second expansion module (24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28)

- A telecontrol signal module (25) with a

Fernwirksignalschnittelle (25a) for receiving control commands (104) and for forwarding the

Control commands (104) to the control module (22) and / or

- A measuring module (26) for detecting system and / or distribution network parameters (112) and / or

- A communication module (27) for reading from

Plant measuring devices (114)

includes.

Modular power generation plant control (20) according to one of the preceding claims,

wherein the expansion system (26) a

Data link for exchanging data between the control module (22) and the first (24) and / or the second expansion module (24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28).

Modular power plant controller (20) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the

Control module (22) and the first expansion module (24) in a common control box (21) are arranged.

wherein the control module (22), the first

Expansion module (24) and / or the second

Extension module (24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28) in one common control box (21) adjacent to each other and are coupled to each other by means of a Steckbusverbindung and in particular on a common top hat rail (32) are mounted.

10. Modular power generation scheme (20) according to

one of claims 4 to 7,

wherein the control module (22) and the at least one expansion module (24) in a central control cabinet (21 and 14) of the power generation plant (10) are arranged.

wherein the first inverter interface module (24) is connected to the first inverter (40) of the distributed power plant (10) and

wherein the second inverter interface module (24 ', 28) is connected to a second one of the first

Inverter (40) various inverters (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) of the decentralized

Power generating plant (10) is connected and / or at least one more decentralized

Power generation plant (10 ') of the one

Control module (22) together with the decentralized power generation plant (10), wherein the second inverter interface module (24 ', 28) with the inverter (40a, 40b, 40c, 40d) of the further decentralized power plant (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d, 12e, 12f) is connected.

12. Modular power generation system (20) according to one of claims 5 to 11,

wherein the at least one further expansion module (24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28) is arranged in a second control box (31),

wherein the expansion system (26) a

Data link for exchanging data

between the control module (22) and the second

Expansion module (24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28) and wherein the control module (22) via the

Data link with the second

Expansion module (24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28) data

exchanges. 13. Modular power generation scheme (20) according to

one of the preceding claims,

wherein the control program (60, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e, 61) comprises a main program (61) and

the main program (61)

Standard exchange structures for internal communication with modular program blocks (60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e) has.

wherein in the program memory (38) of the control module (22) predefined software modules (60, 60a, 60b, 60c, 60d, 60e, 61) are stored and

where the predefined software components to

are designed with the first expansion module (24) and / or the further extension module (24 ', 25, 26, 27, 28) to communicate.

A decentralized power generation plant (10), comprising: generators providing electrical power, in particular photovoltaic modules, wind power generators,

Biomass plants and / or combined heat and power plants,

a first inverter (40) for adapting electrical parameters of the electrical network of the decentralized power generation plant (10) to that of the supply network (100),

a modular power generation plant control (20) according to any one of the preceding claims for controlling parameters, in particular the power output, the decentralized power generation plant (10).