EP3146210B1 - Reciprocating pump with improved fluid cylinder cross-bore geometry - Google Patents

Reciprocating pump with improved fluid cylinder cross-bore geometry Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3146210B1
EP3146210B1 EP15796267.1A EP15796267A EP3146210B1 EP 3146210 B1 EP3146210 B1 EP 3146210B1 EP 15796267 A EP15796267 A EP 15796267A EP 3146210 B1 EP3146210 B1 EP 3146210B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bore
plunger
cross
centerline
suction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15796267.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3146210A1 (en
EP3146210A4 (en
Inventor
John D. MORREALE
Paul A. Crawford
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
FMC Technologies Inc
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FMC Technologies Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3146210A1 publication Critical patent/EP3146210A1/en
Publication of EP3146210A4 publication Critical patent/EP3146210A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3146210B1 publication Critical patent/EP3146210B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/007—Cylinder heads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B19/00—Machines or pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B17/00
    • F04B19/20—Other positive-displacement pumps
    • F04B19/22—Other positive-displacement pumps of reciprocating-piston type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/102—Disc valves
    • F04B53/1022—Disc valves having means for guiding the closure member axially
    • F04B53/1025—Disc valves having means for guiding the closure member axially the guiding means being provided within the valve opening
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/102—Disc valves
    • F04B53/1032—Spring-actuated disc valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/14—Pistons, piston-rods or piston-rod connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/16—Casings; Cylinders; Cylinder liners or heads; Fluid connections
    • F04B53/162—Adaptations of cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/22—Arrangements for enabling ready assembly or disassembly

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to reciprocating plunger and piston-type pumps which are used, for example, in oil well service operations.
  • the invention is related to an improved cross-bore geometry for the fluid end of such pumps.
  • US 7,186,097 discloses a reciprocating pump with the features of the preamble of claim 1. This document further shows suction valve spring retainers mounted using an access bore plug for use in plunger pump housings having an offset access bore and incorporating structural features for stress-relief.
  • Plunger pumps for the oilfield industry typically include a power end and a fluid end.
  • the fluid end generally includes a plunger which is positioned in a plunger bore and is reciprocated by the power end, an access bore which is located opposite the plunger bore, a suction valve which is positioned in a suction bore and a discharge valve which is positioned in a discharge bore.
  • the plunger is reciprocated in the plunger bore to alternately draw fluid into the pump through the suction valve and then force the fluid out of the pump through the discharge valve.
  • the fluid end is subject to very high frequency and large magnitude pressure pulsations. These pressure pulsations generate large stress concentrations at the intersections of the bores. In cross-bore geometries in which the bore intersections form relatively sharp edges, these stress concentrations may cause fatigue cracks to form in the fluid end proximate the intersections. In some prior art pumps, the intersecting edges of the bores are machined to have quasi radii and chamfered features in an attempt to smooth the bore intersections. Although smoothing the bore intersections in this manner may reduce the stress concentrations to a certain extent, the cross-bore geometries of extreme service pumps remain susceptible to developing excessive stress concentrations due to the limitations imposed by the current configurations of the bore intersections.
  • the reciprocating pump comprising a fluid end housing having a number of plunger sections, each plunger section including a plunger bore within which a plunger is slidably received, a suction bore within which a suction valve is positioned, a discharge bore within which a discharge valve is positioned, and a cross bore chamber which is located between said bore and a centerline of the discharge bore.
  • the ellipsoid may comprise a first axis which is parallel to but offset from a centerline of the plunger bore and a second axis which is coaxial with at least one of a centerline of the suction bore and a centerline of the discharge bore.
  • the ellipsoid may comprise a first axis which is parallel to but offset from a centerline of the plunger bore and a second axis which is parallel to but offset from at least one of a centerline of the suction bore and a centerline of the discharge bore.
  • the plunger bore, the suction bore and the discharge bore are oriented at an angle of approximately 120 degrees relative to each other.
  • the ellipsoid may comprise a first axis which is coaxial with a centerline of the plunger bore and a center point which is located at an intersection of the plunger bore, the suction bore and the discharge bore.
  • the ellipsoid may comprise a first axis which is coaxial with a centerline of the plunger bore and a center point which is offset from an intersection of the plunger bore, the suction bore and the discharge bore.
  • the ellipsoid may comprise a first axis which is parallel to but offset from a centerline of the plunger bore and a center which is located at an intersection of the plunger bore, the suction bore and the discharge bore.
  • the ellipsoid may comprise a first axis which is parallel to but offset from a centerline of the plunger bore and a center which is offset from an intersection of the plunger bore, the suction bore and the discharge bore.
  • the present invention is also directed to a method of reducing stress concentrations in a fluid end housing of a reciprocating pump, the fluid end housing having a number of plunger sections, each plunger section including a plunger bore within which a plunger is slidably received, a suction bore within which a suction valve is positioned and a discharge bore within which a discharge valve is positioned.
  • the method comprises forming a cross-bore chamber between said bores, said cross-bore chamber being configured as a surface of revolution, wherein each of said bores intersects the cross-bore chamber to thereby define a respective cross curve which is spatially separated from each adjacent cross curve.
  • the cross-bore chamber defines a single, contiguous surface which extends around and between all of said cross curves.
  • the cross-bore chamber may be configured as a spheroid.
  • an improved cross-bore geometry is obtained by creating a cross-bore chamber at the intersection of the plunger bore, the suction bore, the discharge bore and, if present, the access bore.
  • the cross-bore chamber is configured as a surface of revolution which is created by rotating a two-dimensional curve around a reference axis.
  • the cross-bore chamber may be configured as an ellipsoid, a particular case of which is a sphere.
  • the plunger pump 10 comprises a power end 12 and a fluid end 14.
  • the power end 12 includes a gear reducer assembly 16 which is driven by a suitable motor (not shown).
  • the gear reducer assembly 16 drives a crankshaft 18.
  • the crankshaft 18 is rotatably connected to one end of a connecting rod 20, the opposite end of which is pivotally connected to a crosshead 22 that is supported for linear movement in a corresponding guide bore 24.
  • the fluid end 14 includes a number of plungers 26 (only one of which is shown in Figure 1 ), each of which is slidably mounted in a respective plunger bore 28 and is connected to a respective crosshead 22 by a plunger rod 30.
  • rotary motion of the crankshaft 18 is converted by the connecting rod 20 into linear reciprocating motion of the crosshead 22, which in turn reciprocates the plunger 26 in the plunger bore 28.
  • the fluid end 14 comprises a laterally extending housing 32 having a number of plunger sections (in this case five) which are each aligned with a corresponding plunger 26.
  • the middle plunger section is shown in greater detail in Figures 2 and 3 . With the exception noted below, the middle plunger section is similar to the remaining plunger sections.
  • the middle plunger section includes a cross bore arrangement comprising the plunger bore 28, an access bore 34 which is generally aligned with the plunger bore, a suction bore 36 which is generally perpendicular to the plunger bore, and a discharge bore 38 which is generally aligned with the suction bore.
  • the plunger 26 is positioned in the plunger bore 28 and is sealed thereto by, e.g., an annular packing 40, which in the embodiment shown in Figure 2 is mounted in a stuffing box 42 that is secured to the housing 32 by a number of cap screws 44.
  • the access bore 34 is sealed by a plug 46 which is secured to the housing 32 by a first retainer nut 48.
  • a suction valve 50 is positioned in the suction bore 36 between the plunger bore 28 and an inlet port 52.
  • a discharge valve 54 is positioned in the discharge bore 38 between the plunger bore 28 and a pressure tap fitting 56 which is secured in the discharge bore by a second retainer nut 58.
  • the discharge bores 38 of the remaining bore sets are sealed by plugs 60 ( Fig.
  • the inlet ports 52 of the several plunger sections are connected to an inlet manifold 64 having a pump inlet 66 which is connectable to, e.g., a source of well service fluid (not shown).
  • the plungers 26 are reciprocated by the power end 12 in the manner described above.
  • the suction valve 50 is forced open and fluid is drawn through the suction bore 36 and into the plunger bore 28.
  • the suction valve 50 is forced closed and the fluid in the plunger bore 28 is forced through the discharge valve 54 and the outlet coupling 63. Further details of the operation of the suction valve 50 and the discharge valve can be found in the aforementioned U.S. patent No. 7,681,589 .
  • each plunger section is shown more clearly in Figure 3 , which is similar to Figure 2 but with the internal components of the plunger section removed for clarity.
  • the plunger bore 28 and the access bore 34 comprise respective centerlines C P and C A which are coaxial along an axis X
  • the suction bore 36 and the discharge bore 38 comprise respective centerlines C S and C D which are coaxial along an axis Z that is perpendicular to the axis X.
  • the suction bore 36 intersects the plunger bore 28 along a first curve 68
  • the discharge bore 38 intersects the plunger bore along a second curve 70.
  • the curves 68, 70 define relatively sharp edges between the intersecting bores.
  • the fluid end 14 is subject to very high frequency and large magnitude pressure pulsations. These pressure pulsations generate large stress concentrations at the bore intersections. In cross-bore geometries in which the bore intersections form relatively sharp edges, these stress concentrations may cause fatigue cracks to form in the housing proximate the intersections. Traditionally, quasi radii and chamfers have been applied to the bore intersections using hand tools to obtain some semblance of smoothness. With the advent of robotics and multi-axis machines, these features can be machined programmatically. Although smoothing the bore intersections in this manner may reduce the stress concentrations to a certain extent, the cross-bore geometries of extreme service pumping units remain susceptible to developing excessive stress concentrations due to the limitations imposed by the current configurations of the bore intersections.
  • an improved cross-bore geometry has been developed which greatly reduces the stress concentrations that can lead to fatigue cracks in the fluid end originating at and propagating from the bore intersections.
  • the improved cross-bore geometry is obtained by creating a cross-bore chamber at the intersection of the plunger bore, the access bore, the suction bore and the discharge bore.
  • the characteristics of the cross-bore chamber will be described with reference to the schematic representation shown in Figure 4 .
  • the cross-bore chamber, generally 72, is configured as a surface of revolution which is created by rotating a two-dimensional curve 74 around one of the X, Y or Z axes.
  • the X, Y and Z axes are defined as the reference axes for the surface of revolution.
  • the X axis may be coaxial with one or both of the plunger bore centerline C P and the access bore centerline C A and the Z axis may be coaxial with one or both of the suction bore centerline C S and the discharge bore centerline C D , these axes do not necessarily have to be aligned with any of the bore centerlines.
  • the two-dimensional curve 74 can have any practical configuration, provided that it comprises a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the largest of the plunger bore 28, the access bore 34, the suction bore 36 and the discharge bore 38.
  • the curve 74 is an ellipse which is centered at the origin O of the X, Y and Z axes.
  • the surface of revolution defining the cross-bore chamber 72 has the general shape of an ellipsoid which is centered about the origin O and is created by rotating the ellipse 74 about the X axis.
  • each of the plunger bore 28, the access bore 34, the suction bore 36 and the discharge bore 38 with the cross-bore chamber 72 defines a respective cross curve 28a, 34a, 36a and 38a.
  • the particular shape of each cross curve will of course depend on the shape of the surface of revolution which defines the cross-bore chamber 72.
  • the cross-bore chamber 72 by configuring the cross-bore chamber 72 as a surface of revolution such as an ellipsoid, the cross-bore chamber provides a single, smooth contiguous connecting surface between each of the cross curves.
  • This single, smooth contiguous connecting surface is created by virtue of the fact that, rather than intersecting each other, the plunger bore 28, the access bore 34, the suction bore 36 and the discharge bore 38 intersect the cross-bore chamber 72.
  • the sharp edge formed by the intersection of, e.g., the discharge bore with the plunger bore is eliminated.
  • the smooth contiguous connecting surface formed by the cross-bore chamber 72 extends around and between the cross curves 28a, 34a, 36a and 38a.
  • the cross-bore chamber 72 comprises a spherical configuration.
  • the plunger bore centerline C P and the access bore centerline C A are coaxial with the X axis and the suction bore centerline C S and the discharge bore centerline C D are coaxial with the Z axis.
  • the spherical configuration of the cross-bore chamber 72 forms a single, smooth contiguous connecting surface 76 between and around the cross curves 28a, 34a, 36a and 38a.
  • the bore with the largest diameter is the suction bore 36, and the sphere defining the cross-bore chamber 72 comprises a diameter which is larger than the diameter of the suction bore.
  • the shape and size of the surface of revolution which is used to form the cross-bore chamber 72 may be determined empirically for a particular cross-bore geometry in order to provide desired stress and flow characteristics for the fluid end.
  • FIG. 7 Further illustrative and non-limiting embodiments of the cross bore geometry of the present invention are shown in Figures 7-9 .
  • the cross bore geometry shown in Figure 7 is similar to that shown in Figure 6 .
  • the X axis is offset from the plunger bore centerline C P and the access bore centerline C A , which in this case are coaxial.
  • the cross-bore chamber 72 is defined by a sphere having a diameter of 8.50”
  • the X axis is offset in the Z direction 0.50" from the plunger bore centerline C P toward the suction bore 36.
  • the X axis is coaxial with the plunger bore centerline C P and the access bore centerline C A , but the Z axis is offset from the suction bore centerline C S and the discharge bore centerline C D , which in this instance are coaxial.
  • the Z axis is offset in the X direction 0.20" from the discharge bore centerline C D toward the access bore 34.
  • the X axis is offset from the plunger bore centerline C P and the access bore centerline C A , which in this instance are coaxial, and the Z axis is offset from the suction bore centerline C S and the discharge bore centerline C D , which in this case are also coaxial.
  • the cross-bore chamber 72 is defined by a sphere having a diameter of 8.50
  • the X axis is offset in the Z direction 0.50" from the plunger bore centerline C P toward the suction bore 36
  • the Z axis is offset in the X direction 0.20" from the discharge bore centerline C D toward the access bore 34.
  • FIG. 10 Another example of a fluid end in which the cross-bore geometry of the present invention may be incorporated is shown in Figure 10 .
  • the fluid end of this embodiment, generally 14' is described more fully in U.S. Patent No. 8,147,227 , which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
  • the fluid end 14' comprises a Y-shaped cross bore arrangement in which the access bore is omitted and the plunger bore 26, the suction bore 36 and the discharge bore 38 are oriented approximately 120° from each other.
  • a cross-bore chamber (not shown) may be machined into the fluid end to provide the advantages described above.
  • the cross-bore chamber may comprise a surface of revolution, such as an ellipsoid, which is centered at the origin O of the X, Y and Z reference axes.
  • the X axis may be either aligned with or offset from the plunger bore centerline C P
  • the origin O of the reference axes may be located at or offset from the intersection of the plunger bore centerline C P , the suction bore centerline Cs and the discharge bore centerline C D .
EP15796267.1A 2014-05-23 2015-05-22 Reciprocating pump with improved fluid cylinder cross-bore geometry Active EP3146210B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201462002593P 2014-05-23 2014-05-23
PCT/US2015/032300 WO2015179839A1 (en) 2014-05-23 2015-05-22 Reciprocating pump with improved fluid cylinder cross-bore geometry

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3146210A1 EP3146210A1 (en) 2017-03-29
EP3146210A4 EP3146210A4 (en) 2018-01-17
EP3146210B1 true EP3146210B1 (en) 2020-04-08

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ID=54554878

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15796267.1A Active EP3146210B1 (en) 2014-05-23 2015-05-22 Reciprocating pump with improved fluid cylinder cross-bore geometry

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20170082103A1 (zh)
EP (1) EP3146210B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN106460820B (zh)
CA (1) CA2949708C (zh)
MX (1) MX2016015372A (zh)
WO (1) WO2015179839A1 (zh)

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WO2022016911A1 (zh) * 2020-07-23 2022-01-27 北京天地玛珂电液控制系统有限公司 一种柱塞泵及泵站

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US10273954B2 (en) 2016-12-15 2019-04-30 Black Horse, Llc Fluid end of a reciprocating pump with reduced stress
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3146210A1 (en) 2017-03-29
US20170082103A1 (en) 2017-03-23
WO2015179839A1 (en) 2015-11-26
CN106460820A (zh) 2017-02-22
EP3146210A4 (en) 2018-01-17
MX2016015372A (es) 2017-06-09
CA2949708C (en) 2021-05-18
CA2949708A1 (en) 2015-11-26
CN106460820B (zh) 2019-12-13

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