EP3133898B1 - Thermo-management-system infrarot-graphen-basis - Google Patents

Thermo-management-system infrarot-graphen-basis Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3133898B1
EP3133898B1 EP16002158.0A EP16002158A EP3133898B1 EP 3133898 B1 EP3133898 B1 EP 3133898B1 EP 16002158 A EP16002158 A EP 16002158A EP 3133898 B1 EP3133898 B1 EP 3133898B1
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radiation
radiation module
electrically
conductive matrix
temperature
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EP16002158.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3133898A2 (de
EP3133898A3 (de
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Gerhard Beier
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2214/00—Aspects relating to resistive heating, induction heating and heating using microwaves, covered by groups H05B3/00, H05B6/00
    • H05B2214/04—Heating means manufactured by using nanotechnology

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for heating by infrared radiation by means of a matrix having a molecular natural frequency. It can be used in all technical processes whose process is associated with a temperature change. In this case, the energy losses occurring in known devices and methods and the cost of materials can be reduced.
  • the quartz heaters or other high-temperature systems with high energy requirements which are customarily used in many industrial installations can thus be replaced or supplemented.
  • an electrothermal composition comprising: at least one carbon component; at least one graphite component and an optional binder or support, wherein the carbon, graphite and / or their ratio are selected so that the composition or a material formed from the composition has a thermal resistance coefficient (TCR) of about zero or over a predetermined temperature range in the Is essentially consistent.
  • TCR thermal resistance coefficient
  • the publication DE 20 2010 009208 U1 teaches a flexible, planar heating element comprising at least one heating means comprising at least one electrically conductive material comprising at least carbon particles, two arranged on the heating means, electrical contact means which exclusively cover at least a portion of opposite edge regions of the heating element to the heating means across the width of the heating element to energize, and in addition at least one fastening means for fixing the heating element to an object, wherein the fastening means forms at least part of a contact surface of the heating element.
  • the publication DE 20 2009 000136 U1 already shows a heater from at least a thermally load-bearing shaped body for the heating of rooms, aggregates and materials in solid, liquid and combined form of glass, glass ceramic, ceramic, marble and other natural stones, synthetic polymers and metals with an electrically conductive structural layer that is geometrically constructed and infra-red at current flow Generates thermal radiation, characterized in that the electrically conductive structure layer has a defined network of carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers and nanoceramics, the structural characteristics of which is used application-related.
  • the invention is based on the classical laws of radiation of black bodies according to STEFAN / BOLTZMANN. According to this T 4 law, the radiated power is approximately 90% of the electrical energy supplied.
  • the device according to the invention converts the supplied electrical energy into infrared temperature radiation.
  • the emitted radiation corresponds in its spectral distribution entirely in the wavelength range of 7 microns to 50 microns, depending on the selected ohmic resistance and the particular application.
  • the molecular intrinsic frequency of the materials used determines the efficiency of the device, which can be realized with relatively simple means. This applies in particular to processes for which high temperatures are required and whose energy consumption is relatively high.
  • the radiation module has a planar design and is delimited by current-carrying supply lines which are arranged parallel to one another and have a spacing from each other which corresponds to an integer multiple of the wavelength emitted by the radiation module.
  • the device preferably comprises a surface radiator delimited on both sides by silver-plated copper electrodes and to be implemented in different dimensions and geometric patterns.
  • the electrodes arranged on both sides parallel to one another are at a distance from each other which corresponds to the integer multiple of the wavelength radiated by the radiator. This leads to an almost inertia-free heating of the conductive matrix, because only small voltage losses occur during the energy transport and the matrix heats up due to the increased molecular self-oscillation.
  • a centrally disposed third electrode can be applied to the distributed in two equal subareas radiating surface, thereby achieving changes in the ohmic resistance and performance.
  • Carriers of the electrically conductive matrix of graphene and other mineral carbon material are temperature-resistant mineral fiber plates or glass fiber fabric as well as other mineral or ceramic electrically insulating support materials.
  • the unusual physical property of the matrix is a very high mobility of the charge carriers and their heat-conducting structure.
  • the achievable high temperatures improve the quality of the treated products and materials, reduce their costs and save considerable energy.
  • With infrared heat radiation the thermal performance of entire product groups can be improved and cost-effectively improved.
  • This baked or dried food has an incomparably better taste.
  • the health-promoting effect of infrared radiation is especially effective.
  • the technology described here is based on the use of GNP materials. (Graphene Nano Platelets)
  • This two-dimensional carbon material is the main constituent of the matrix. Thanks to their extremely high electrical conductivity, electrons can move about 200 times faster than e.g. in silicon.
  • the resulting temperatures of 400-500 ° C on defined surfaces of thermal radiation heaters with low energy input lead in many industries to a rethinking compared to conventional heating and heating systems.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Greenhouses (AREA)
  • Radiation Pyrometers (AREA)

Description

  • Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung durch Infrarotstrahlung mittels einer Matrix, die eine molekulare Eigenfrequenz aufweist. Sie kann bei allen technischen Vorgängen, deren Prozess mit einer Temperaturänderung verbunden ist, Anwendung finden. Dabei können die bei bekannten Vorrichtungen und Verfahren auftretenden Energieverluste und der Materialaufwand verringert werden. Die üblicherweise in vielen gewerblichen Anlagen verwendeten Quarzstrahler oder andere Hochtemperatursysteme mit hohem Energiebedarf können damit ersetzt oder ergänzt werden.
  • Aus der Druckschrift WO 2014/205498 A1 ist bereits eine elektrothermische Zusammensetzung bekannt, umfassend: mindestens eine Kohlenstoffkomponente; mindestens eine Graphitkomponente und ein optionales Bindemittel oder Träger, wobei der Kohlenstoff, Graphit und / oder ihr Verhältnis so gewählt sind, dass die Zusammensetzung oder ein aus der Zusammensetzung gebildetes Material einen thermischen Widerstandskoeffizienten (TCR) von etwa Null aufweist oder über einen vorgegebenen Temperaturbereich im Wesentlichen gleichbleibend ist. Weiterhin betrifft diese Druckschrift eine Vorrichtung oder ein Material, das durch die elektrothermische Zusammensetzung hergestellt oder gebildet wird.
  • Die Druckschrift DE 20 2010 009208 U1 lehrt ein flexibles, flächiges Heizelement umfassend mindestens ein Heizmittel mit mindestens einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, das zumindest Kohlenstoffpartikel umfasst, zwei an dem Heizmittel angeordnete, elektrische Kontaktmittel, die ausschließlich zumindest einen Teil gegenüberliegender Randbereiche des Heizelementes bedecken, um das Heizmittel über die Breite des Heizelementes mit Strom zu beaufschlagen, und zusätzlich zumindest ein Befestigungsmittel zur Befestigung des Heizelementes an einem Objekt, wobei das Befestigungsmittel zumindest einen Teil einer Anlagefläche des Heizelementes bildet.
  • Die Druckschrift DE 20 2009 000136 U1 zeigt bereits eine Heizeinrichtung aus mindestens einem thermisch belastbarem Formkörper für die Beheizung von Räumen, Aggregaten und Materialien in fester, liquider und kombinierter Form aus Glas, Glaskeramik, Keramik, Marmor und anderen Natursteinen, synthetischen Polymeren und Metallen mit einer elektrisch leitfähigen Strukturschicht, die geometrisch konstruiert ist und bei Stromdurchfluss infrarote Wärmestrahlung erzeugt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch leitende Strukturschicht ein definiertes Netzwerk aus Carbonvlies, Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon Nanofasern und Nanokeramik aufweist, deren strukturelle Charakteristik einsatzbezogen verwendet wird.
  • Die Erfindung basiert auf den klassischen Gesetzen der Strahlung schwarzer Körper nach STEFAN/BOLTZMANN. Entsprechend diesem T4-Gesetz beträgt die abgestrahlte Leistung ca. 90% der zugeführten elektrischen Energie. Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung wandelt die zugeführte elektrische Energie in infrarote Temperaturstrahlung um. Die emittierte Strahlung entspricht in ihrer spektralen Verteilung völlig dem Wellenlängenbereich von 7 µm bis 50 µm je nach gewähltem ohmschen Widerstand und dem jeweiligen Einsatzzweck.
  • Die molekulare Eigenfrequenz der verwendeten Materialien bestimmt den Wirkungsgrad der Vorrichtung, der mit relativ einfachen Mitteln realisierbar ist. Dies betrifft insbesondere Prozesse, für deren Wirksamkeit hohe Temperaturen erforderlich sind und deren Energieverbrauch relativ hoch ist.
  • Das Strahlungsmodul ist erfindungsgemäß flächig ausgebildet und wird von stromführenden Zuleitungen begrenzt, die parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und einen Abstand voneinander aufweisen, der einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen der vom Strahlungsmodul emittierten Wellenlänge entspricht.
  • Die Vorrichtung umfasst bevorzugt einen, beidseitig durch versilberte Kupferelektroden begrenzten, in unterschiedlichen Dimensionen und geometrischen Mustern auszuführenden Flächenstrahler. Die beidseitig parallel zueinander angeordneten Elektroden befinden sich in einem Abstand zueinander der dem ganzzahligem Vielfachen der vom Strahler abgestrahlten Wellenlänge entspricht. Das führt zu einer nahezu trägheitslosen Erwärmung der leitenden Matrix, weil nur geringe Spannungsverluste beim Energietransport auftreten und die Matrix sich durch die verstärkte molekulare Eigenschwingung erhitzt. Konstruktiv durch den Verwendungszweck bestimmt, kann eine mittig angeordnete dritte Elektrode auf die in zwei gleiche Teilflächen aufgeteilte Strahlerfläche aufgebracht werden, um dadurch Veränderungen im ohmschen Widerstand und der Leistung zu erzielen.
  • Träger der elektrisch leitenden Matrix aus Graphenen und anderen mineralischen Kohlenstoff Material sind temperaturfeste Mineralfaserplatten oder Glasfasergewebe wie auch andere mineralische oder keramische elektrisch isolierende Trägermaterialien. Die ungewöhnliche physikalische Eigenschaft der Matrix ist eine sehr hohe Mobilität der Ladungsträger und ihre wärmeleitende Struktur. Die erreichbaren hohen Temperaturen verbessern die Qualität der behandelten Produkte und Materialien, senken deren Kosten und sparen erheblich Energie. Mit infraroter Wärmestrahlung kann die thermische Leistungsfähigkeit ganzer Produktgruppen verbessert und kostengünstig verbessert werden.
  • Damit gebackene oder getrocknete Lebensmittel haben einen unvergleichlich besseren Geschmack. Bei der Anwendung im Agrar-oder Veterinärbereich kommt die gesundheitsfördernde Wirkung der Infrarotstrahlung im Besonderen zur Geltung. Die hier beschriebene Technologie basiert auf dem Einsatz von GNP-Materialien. (Graphen Nano Platelets) Dieses zweidimensionale Kohlenstoffmaterial ist Hauptbestanteil der Matrix. Dank ihrer extrem hohen elektrischen Leitfähigkeit können sich Elektronen etwa 200 Mal schneller bewegen als z.B. in Silizium. Die dadurch erreichten Temperaturen von 400-500°C auf definierten Flächen von Temperaturstrahlungsheizungen bei geringen Energieeinsatz führen in vielen Industriesparten zu einem Umdenken gegenüber herkömmlichen Heiz-und Wärmesystemen.
  • Die EU und Korea investieren in entsprechende Forschungsprojekte jeweils 1.5 Milliarden Dollar. Dies zeigt die Bedeutung und den Wert des hier beschriebenen Thermo-Management-Systems.

Claims (8)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Erwärmen durch Infrarotstrahlung, bestehend aus
    - einem Strahlungsmodul mit einer elektrisch leitenden Matrix aus Materialien, die eine molekulare Eigenfrequenz aufweisen und für eine Erwärmung in einem Strahlungsbereich des Strahlungsmoduls angeordnet sind, wobei
    - mittels des Strahlungsmoduls eine elektromagnetische Strahlung in einer Frequenz abstrahlbar ist, die in der Größenordnung der molekularen Eigenfrequenz der Materialien der elektrisch leitenden Matrix liegt, wobei
    - das Strahlungsmodul flächig ausgebildet ist und
    - von stromführenden Zuleitungen begrenzt wird, die parallel zueinander angeordnet sind und einen Abstand voneinander aufweisen, der einem ganzzahligen Vielfachen der vom Strahlungsmodul emittierten Wellenlänge entspricht, und
    - einem Träger für die elektrisch leitende Matrix aus temperaturfeste Mineralfaserplatten, Glasfasergewebe oder anderen temperaturfesten Materialien wie Glimmer, Keramik und Silikategläser,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - die elektrisch leitende Matrix aus Graphen Nano Platelets und weiteren Kohlenstoffbestandteilen, mineralischen und keramischen Partikeln sowie speziellen Tensiden gebildet ist, und dass
    - das zweidimensionale Kohlenstoffmaterial der Graphen Nano Platelets (GNPs) der Hauptbestanteil der elektrisch leitfähigen Matrix ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Strahlungsmodul eine Emissionsfläche aufweist, die mit Keramik oder Nanokeramik in unterschiedlicher Weise wie Handauflegeverfahren, Siebdruck, Sprühen oder Streichen beschichtet wird oder durch Verwendung bioelektrischer Materialien wie Sandstein- oder Naturschieferpanelen ausgerüstet wird, deren Emissionsverhalten die Strahlungstemperatur und molekulare infrarote Wellenlänge in vorgegebener Mikrometerskalierung auf das zu erwärmende Medium oder Räume oder andere Objekte übertragen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch leitende Matrix durch Beimischung von keramischen, chemischen, mineralischen Bestandteilen mit eigener Bioelektrik und molekularen Schwingungsverhalten einen positiven Temperaturkoeffizienten erzielen, der durch die Veränderung der Positionsstruktur der positiven Partikel zueinander entsteht und damit eine Minderung der aufzuwendenden elektrischen Energie und eine selbständige Eigenregelung der Betriebstemperatur der Strahlungsquelle erzielt.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch den konstruktiven Aufbau des Infrarot-Strahlungsmoduls in Form von liquider, pastöser oder festen Beschaffenheit der elektrisch leitenden Matrix, Strahlerelemente in unterschiedlicher geometrischer Form, flächig, zylindrisch, rund oder zweckdienlicher Beschaffenheit mit DC-Niederspannung als auch mit AC-Spannungen unterschiedlicher Voltagen betrieben werden können
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Strahlungsmodul derart gebildet ist, dass die emittierte Strahlung in ihrer spektralen Verteilung in dem Wellenlängenbereich von 7 µm bis 50 µm liegt.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in einem Abstand, der dem ganzzahligem Vielfachen der vom Strahler abgestrahlten Wellenlänge entspricht, zueinander angeordneten, stromführenden Zuleitungen als Elektroden gebildet sind, die beidseitig parallel zueinander an dem Strahlungsmodul angeordnet sind.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden versilberte Kupferelektroden sind.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine mittig angeordnete dritte Elektrode auf eine in zwei gleiche Teilflächen aufgeteilte Emissionsfläche des Strahlungsmoduls aufgebracht ist, um dadurch Veränderungen im ohmschen Widerstand und der Leistung zu erzielen.
EP16002158.0A 2015-10-07 2016-10-06 Thermo-management-system infrarot-graphen-basis Active EP3133898B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015013006.4A DE102015013006A1 (de) 2015-10-07 2015-10-07 Thermo-Management-System

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EP3133898A2 EP3133898A2 (de) 2017-02-22
EP3133898A3 EP3133898A3 (de) 2017-04-12
EP3133898B1 true EP3133898B1 (de) 2019-01-09

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EP (1) EP3133898B1 (de)
DE (1) DE102015013006A1 (de)
TR (1) TR201905018T4 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109348554A (zh) * 2018-10-16 2019-02-15 浙江云墨绿能科技有限公司 一种纳米陶瓷石墨烯复合结构的电加热膜及其制备方法
CN110809336A (zh) * 2019-11-13 2020-02-18 苏州苏绝电工材料股份有限公司 导电膜及其制备方法、可发热云母板及其制造方法
CN111132395A (zh) * 2019-12-31 2020-05-08 陆建华 一种云母片加石墨烯涂层加热体及制备工艺
CN111787650A (zh) * 2020-06-02 2020-10-16 上海利物盛企业集团有限公司 一种石墨烯发热织物及其制备方法
CN113286386B (zh) * 2021-05-24 2024-01-16 广东温道百镒健康科技有限公司 一种云母耐高温电热膜及其制备方法
CN114630455B (zh) * 2021-11-18 2023-05-16 杭州量春科技有限公司 一种基于网状结构的石墨烯加热膜及其制备方法

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US20100122980A1 (en) * 2008-06-13 2010-05-20 Tsinghua University Carbon nanotube heater
DE202009000136U1 (de) * 2008-07-29 2009-05-20 Beier, Gerhard M., Dipl.-Ing. Infrarot-CNT-Heizeinrichtung
DE102009010437A1 (de) * 2009-02-26 2010-09-02 Tesa Se Beheiztes Flächenelement
DE202010009208U1 (de) * 2010-06-17 2010-09-16 Futurecarbon Gmbh Flexibles Heizelement
DE202010013516U1 (de) * 2010-09-23 2010-12-09 Gross, Wolfgang Enteisungsanlage für frostgefährtete Objekte
DE102011008030A1 (de) * 2011-01-05 2012-07-05 Werner Althaus Infrarotwellen abstrahlendes Bauelement und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
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Publication number Publication date
EP3133898A2 (de) 2017-02-22
EP3133898A3 (de) 2017-04-12
DE102015013006A1 (de) 2017-04-13
TR201905018T4 (tr) 2019-05-21

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