EP3133178B1 - Optimized nickel based superalloy - Google Patents

Optimized nickel based superalloy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3133178B1
EP3133178B1 EP15181489.4A EP15181489A EP3133178B1 EP 3133178 B1 EP3133178 B1 EP 3133178B1 EP 15181489 A EP15181489 A EP 15181489A EP 3133178 B1 EP3133178 B1 EP 3133178B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
nickel
equal
alloy
based alloy
less
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EP15181489.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3133178A1 (en
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Thomas GÖHLER
Ralf RETTIG
Robert F. Singer
Nils Ritter
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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MTU Aero Engines AG
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Priority to ES15181489.4T priority Critical patent/ES2684780T3/en
Priority to EP15181489.4A priority patent/EP3133178B1/en
Priority to US15/234,072 priority patent/US20170051382A1/en
Publication of EP3133178A1 publication Critical patent/EP3133178A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/057—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nickel-based alloy, in particular a nickel-based superalloy for high-temperature applications, preferably for use in turbomachines, such as aircraft engines, and a corresponding component of a turbomachine, in particular an aircraft engine made of such a nickel-based alloy.
  • nickel-base alloy is meant a material that has nickel in the main component.
  • a special embodiment of nickel-base alloys are nickel-based superalloys, which are understood to mean alloys which, owing to their particular composition and microstructure formation, can be used at high temperatures up to their melting point.
  • nickel-based alloy as used hereinafter, thus also encompasses the term nickel-base superalloy.
  • Nickel base superalloys are used in high temperature applications, e.g. B. in the construction of stationary gas turbines or aircraft engines, used because of their high temperature strength.
  • High-temperature application is understood to mean an application in which the operating temperature of a component produced from the alloy lies in a temperature range above half the melting temperature of the alloy.
  • the nickel base superalloys owe their good high temperature properties, and in particular their excellent high temperature strength, to a special microstructure characterized by a y matrix and ⁇ 'precipitates embedded therein.
  • the cubic face - centered y - phase of the matrix consists of the main constituent nickel as well as elements such as cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium and tungsten, which are added to nickel - base superalloys.
  • alloying constituents as tungsten, rhenium and molybdenum, solid solution strengthening of the y-matrix is achieved which gives the alloy strength in addition to precipitation hardening with the ⁇ 'precipitates.
  • the alloy constituents rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum additionally produce, in addition to the solid solution hardening of the y matrix, a stabilization of the ⁇ 'precipitates and counter their coarsening, which would lead to a decrease in the creep resistance.
  • TCP topologically closed packed
  • the ⁇ 'precipitation phases usually also have a cubic face centered structure with the composition Ni 3 (Al, Ti, Ta, Nb).
  • the strength of nickel-based superalloys can be increased by the formation of carbides that stabilize the grain boundaries and thus contribute to creep resistance.
  • nickel-base superalloys in high-temperature applications, such as the composition with respect to the refractory metals cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium and tungsten as mixed crystal former and the proportions of aluminum, tantalum and titanium selected as constituents of the ⁇ 'precipitates becomes.
  • the optimum composition of the alloying elements is important.
  • the density of the alloy should be kept as low as possible and a good and easy production and processability of the alloy can be ensured.
  • the present invention proposes providing an optimized composition of a nickel-based alloy, in particular with regard to the alloying elements cobalt, rhenium, tungsten, tantalum, aluminum and titanium, since these alloying elements considerably increase the structure and microstructure formation and the corresponding mechanical properties of the alloy influence.
  • the nickel content of the alloy is the main constituent of the alloy, ie the constituent which has the highest content in wt.% Or at.% Of the alloy. It goes without saying that the corresponding alloy is always present only to 100%, so that no addition of the limits of the specified ranges of shares can be made in such a way that the composition of the alloy would make up less or more than 100%, or nickel not the corresponding largest would make a contribution. Rather, with the use of an alloying element with a high proportion, a corresponding reduction of other alloying elements must be carried out with a proportion corresponding to that stated.
  • the nickel-based alloy is characterized in particular by the fact that the proportion of tantalum is always greater than or equal to the proportion of aluminum, so that the ratio of the proportions of tantalum to aluminum in wt .-% is greater than or equal to 1, so c (Ta) / c (Al) ⁇ 1.
  • the ratio of tantalum to aluminum in wt.% Should be less than or equal to 2. It has been shown that an improved distribution of tungsten and molybdenum between the ⁇ matrix and the ⁇ 'precipitates is achievable, so that the proportion of tungsten and / or molybdenum in the ⁇ matrix is greater than in the ⁇ '. - excretions.
  • the ratio of the proportions of cobalt to tungsten in wt.% Is set to be greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5, because by increasing the cobalt content, an improvement in segregation performance, ie lower casting segregation and higher degree of homogenization achievable so that shorter or easier solution annealing cycles can be used.
  • the strength can be increased or the total tungsten content can be reduced while solid solution hardening remains the same, which in particular also has an advantageous effect on the density of the alloy.
  • the ratio of the proportions of cobalt to tungsten in% by weight can be less than or equal to 4.
  • the nickel-base alloy can be adjusted so that the ratio of the proportions of tungsten to molybdenum in wt.% Is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4. In this way too, the goals of avoiding casting segregation, avoiding the formation of TCP phases, and better distribution of tungsten and molybdenum between the ⁇ matrix and the ⁇ 'precipitates can be achieved.
  • the ratio of the proportions of cobalt to rhenium in wt.% Greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2 can be selected.
  • the essential mechanical components for the mechanical properties aluminum, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, ruthenium, tantalum, titanium and / or tungsten may in particular with 5.0 to 7.0%, especially 5.5 to 6.0% Al and / or 10.5 to 15.0%, in particular 11.0 to 12.0% Co and / or 4.0 to 6.0%, especially 4.5 to 5.5% Cr and / or 1.1 to 2.5%, especially 1.1 to 2.0% Mo and / or 5.5 to 7.0%, especially 5.7 to 6.5% Re and / or 3.1 to 5.5%, especially 3.3 to 5.0% Ru and / or 5.0 to 9.0%, especially 5.5 to 8.0% Ta and / or 0 to 2.0%, especially 0.5 to 2.0%, preferably 1.1 to 1.7% Ti and / or 3.0 to 4.5%, in particular 3.5 to 4.5% W are zulegiert.
  • a corresponding alloy may have a density ⁇ 8.94 g per cm 3 , in particular ⁇ 8.85 g per cm 3, and preferably ⁇ 8.8 g per cm 3 .
  • the nickel-based alloy of the present invention can be used both monocrystalline and directionally solidified, wherein monocrystalline components are used in particular for high-temperature applications in aircraft engine construction.
  • the table below shows the composition of four alloys according to the invention with regard to the main constituents aluminum, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, ruthenium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten with the remainder nickel in% by weight, where further constituents, such as carbon, silicon, Manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, hafnium, zirconium and yttrium may be present in total at a level of less than 0.7% by weight.
  • alloys have the properties given in the table below.
  • the highest possible MKH index is advantageous for the formation of a creep resistant and high temperature resistant alloy.
  • the proportion of alloying elements in the matrix can be determined by measurements using an atomic probe or a transmission electron microscope.

Description

HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Nickelbasislegierung, insbesondere eine Nickelbasis-Superlegierung für Hochtemperaturanwendungen, vorzugsweise zur Verwendung in Strömungsmaschinen, wie Flugtriebwerken, sowie ein entsprechendes Bauteil einer Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere eines Flugtriebwerks aus einer derartigen Nickelbasislegierung.The invention relates to a nickel-based alloy, in particular a nickel-based superalloy for high-temperature applications, preferably for use in turbomachines, such as aircraft engines, and a corresponding component of a turbomachine, in particular an aircraft engine made of such a nickel-based alloy.

Unter Nickelbasislegierung ist ein Werkstoff zu verstehen, der im Hauptbestandteil Nickel aufweist. Eine besondere Ausgestaltung von Nickelbasislegierungen stellen Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen dar, unter denen Legierungen zu verstehen sind, die durch ihre besondere Zusammensetzung und Gefügeausbildung bei hohen Temperaturen bis nahe zu ihrem Schmelzpunkt einsetzbar ist. Der Begriff der Nickelbasislegierung, wie er nachfolgend verwendet wird, umfasst somit auch den Begriff der Nickelbasis-Superlegierung.By nickel-base alloy is meant a material that has nickel in the main component. A special embodiment of nickel-base alloys are nickel-based superalloys, which are understood to mean alloys which, owing to their particular composition and microstructure formation, can be used at high temperatures up to their melting point. The term nickel-based alloy, as used hereinafter, thus also encompasses the term nickel-base superalloy.

STAND DER TECHNIKSTATE OF THE ART

Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen werden bei Hochtemperaturanwendungen, z. B. beim Bau von stationären Gasturbinen oder Flugtriebwerken, aufgrund ihrer Hochtemperaturfestigkeit eingesetzt. Unter Hochtemperaturanwendung wird hierbei eine Anwendung verstanden, bei der die Einsatztemperatur eines aus der Legierung hergestellten Bauteils in einem Temperaturbereich oberhalb der halben Schmelztemperatur der Legierung liegt.Nickel base superalloys are used in high temperature applications, e.g. B. in the construction of stationary gas turbines or aircraft engines, used because of their high temperature strength. High-temperature application is understood to mean an application in which the operating temperature of a component produced from the alloy lies in a temperature range above half the melting temperature of the alloy.

Die Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen verdanken ihre guten Hochtemperatureigenschaften und insbesondere ihre hervorragende Hochtemperaturfestigkeit einer speziellen Gefügeausbildung, die durch eine y - Matrix und darin eingelagerte γ' - Ausscheidungen gekennzeichnet ist. Die kubisch flächenzentrierte y - Phase der Matrix besteht aus dem Hauptbestandteil Nickel sowie Elementen wie Kobalt, Chrom, Molybdän, Rhenium und Wolfram, die zu Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen hinzulegiert werden. Durch derartige Legierungsbestandteile, wie Wolfram, Rhenium und Molybdän, wird eine Mischkristallverfestigung der y - Matrix erzielt, die der Legierung zusätzlich zur Ausscheidungshärtung mit den γ' - Ausscheidungen Festigkeit verleiht.The nickel base superalloys owe their good high temperature properties, and in particular their excellent high temperature strength, to a special microstructure characterized by a y matrix and γ 'precipitates embedded therein. The cubic face - centered y - phase of the matrix consists of the main constituent nickel as well as elements such as cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium and tungsten, which are added to nickel - base superalloys. By such alloying constituents as tungsten, rhenium and molybdenum, solid solution strengthening of the y-matrix is achieved which gives the alloy strength in addition to precipitation hardening with the γ 'precipitates.

Die Legierungsbestandteile Rhenium, Wolfram und Molybdän erzeugen neben der Mischkristallverfestigung der y - Matrix zusätzlich eine Stabilisierung der γ' - Ausscheidungen und wirken deren Vergröberung, die zu einem Abfall der Kriechfestigkeit führen würde, entgegen.The alloy constituents rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum additionally produce, in addition to the solid solution hardening of the y matrix, a stabilization of the γ 'precipitates and counter their coarsening, which would lead to a decrease in the creep resistance.

Allerdings besteht bei der Zulegierung von Refraktärmetallen, wie Rhenium, Wolfram und Molybdän das Problem, dass sich sogenannte TCP - Phasen (TCP topological closed packed (topologisch dicht gepackt)) bilden, die spröde sind und zur Rissbildung führen können.However, with the addition of refractory metals, such as rhenium, tungsten and molybdenum, there is the problem that so-called TCP (topologically closed packed) (TCP) phases form, which are brittle and can lead to the formation of cracks.

Die γ' - Ausscheidungsphasen besitzen üblicherweise ebenfalls eine kubisch flächenzentrierte Struktur mit der Zusammensetzung Ni3(Al,Ti,Ta,Nb).The γ 'precipitation phases usually also have a cubic face centered structure with the composition Ni 3 (Al, Ti, Ta, Nb).

Darüber hinaus kann die Festigkeit von Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen durch die Bildung von Karbiden erhöht werden, die die Korngrenzen stabilisieren und somit einen Beitrag zur Kriechfestigkeit leisten.In addition, the strength of nickel-based superalloys can be increased by the formation of carbides that stabilize the grain boundaries and thus contribute to creep resistance.

Entsprechend ist es für das Eigenschaftsprofil von Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen bei Hochtemperaturanwendungen von entscheidender Bedeutung, wie die Zusammensetzung hinsichtlich der Refraktärmetalle Kobalt, Chrom, Molybdän, Rhenium und Wolfram als Mischkristallbildner sowie der Anteile an Aluminium, Tantal und Titan als Bestandteile der γ' - Ausscheidungen gewählt wird. Um eine optimale Nickelbasis - Superlegierung für Hochtemperaturanwendungen mit hohen Einsatztemperaturen nahe dem Schmelzpunkt der Legierung bei hoher Kriechbeständigkeit und möglichst niedrigem spezifischen Gewicht sowie guter Verarbeitbarkeit zu erhalten, kommt es entsprechend auf die optimale Zusammenstellung der Legierungselemente an.Accordingly, it is of crucial importance for the property profile of nickel-base superalloys in high-temperature applications, such as the composition with respect to the refractory metals cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium and tungsten as mixed crystal former and the proportions of aluminum, tantalum and titanium selected as constituents of the γ 'precipitates becomes. In order to obtain an optimum nickel base superalloy for high temperature applications with high operating temperatures close to the melting point of the alloy, with high creep resistance and the lowest possible specific weight as well as good processability, the optimum composition of the alloying elements is important.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind bereits eine Vielzahl von Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen mit unterschiedlichen Zusammensetzungen bekannt, wie beispielsweise in den Dokumenten EP 0 663 462 A1 und EP 2 128 284 A1 offenbart. Während in der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 663 462 A1 darauf abgestellt wird, dass zwei Gruppen von Legierungselementen und zwar zum einen die Gruppe mit Molybdän Chrom und Niob und zum anderen die Gruppe mit Aluminium, Titan und Wolfram in einem bestimmten aufaddierten Mengenanteil in der Anmeldung enthalten sind, schlägt das Dokument EP 2 128 284 A1 eine Nickelbasis - Superlegierung vor, bei der die Anteile der Elemente Wolfram, Chrom, Molybdän und Rhenium in Gew.%, die jeweils mit einem individuellen Faktor gewichtet werden, in Summe einen bestimmten Wert nicht überschreiten sollen.A large number of nickel-based superalloys with different compositions are already known from the prior art, for example in the documents EP 0 663 462 A1 and EP 2 128 284 A1 disclosed. While in the European patent application EP 0 663 462 A1 is based on the fact that two groups of alloying elements, namely the group with molybdenum chromium and niobium and on the other hand the group with aluminum, titanium and tungsten in a certain added up amount are included in the application, suggests the document EP 2 128 284 A1 a nickel base superalloy in which the proportions of the elements tungsten, chromium, molybdenum and rhenium in wt.%, each weighted by an individual factor, should not exceed a certain value in total.

In der europäischen Patentanmeldung EP 0 663 462 A1 wird zudem beschrieben, wie sich durch Zugabe von Ruthenium die Verteilung anderer Legierungsbestandteile zwischen y - Matrix und γ' - Ausscheidungen verschieben kann, sodass die Bildung von TCP - Phasen beeinflusst werden kann.In the European patent application EP 0 663 462 A1 It also describes how the addition of ruthenium distributes other alloy constituents between Can shift matrix and γ 'precipitates, so that the formation of TCP phases can be influenced.

Gleichwohl kommt es bei den bekannten Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen bei der gießtechnischen Herstellung zu Gusssegregationen der diffusionsträgen Elemente, wie Rhenium und Wolfram, die einem homogenen Eigenschaftsprofil der Legierung entgegenstehen. Entsprechend müssen zur Erzielung eines höheren Homogenisierungsgrades aufwändige Lösungsglühzyklen durchgeführt werden.Nevertheless, in the case of the known nickel-base superalloys in the production of casting technology, cast segregations of the diffusion-carrying elements, such as rhenium and tungsten, which oppose a homogeneous property profile of the alloy, occur. Accordingly, complex solution annealing cycles must be carried out in order to achieve a higher degree of homogenization.

Außerdem bilden sich bei den bekannten Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen bei entsprechend hohen Temperaturen gleichwohl spröde TCP - Phasen, die die Festigkeit entsprechender Bauteile beeinträchtigen können.In addition, in the case of the known nickel-base superalloys, correspondingly high temperatures nevertheless result in brittle TCP phases which may impair the strength of corresponding components.

Darüber hinaus ist es wünschenswert die Festigkeit derartiger Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen dadurch zu erhöhen, dass entsprechende Refraktärmetalle, wie Wolfram und Molybdän, zu einem möglichst geringen Anteil in den γ' - Ausscheidungen vorhanden sind, sondern zur Mischkristallverfestigung der y - Matrix beitragen, sodass vermieden werden muss, dass durch bestimmte Legierungsbestandteile, wie z.B. Ruthenium, eine ungünstige Verteilung der Legierungsbestandteile, wie z.B. der zur Mischkristallhärtung beitragenden chemischen Elemente, zwischen y - Matrix und γ' - Ausscheidungen eingestellt wird .In addition, it is desirable to increase the strength of such nickel-base superalloys by virtue of the fact that corresponding refractory metals, such as tungsten and molybdenum, are present in the γ 'precipitates to the smallest possible extent, but contribute to solid solution hardening of the y matrix, so that they are avoided must be that by certain alloying components, such as Ruthenium, an unfavorable distribution of the alloying constituents, e.g. is adjusted to the solid solution hardening chemical elements, between y - matrix and γ '- precipitates.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION AUFGABE DER ERFINDUNGOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

Es ist deshalb Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine optimierte Nickelbasis - Superlegierung bereitzustellen, bei der die oben angesprochenen Probleme der Gusssegregation sowie die Vermeidung der Bildung von TCP - Phasen verbessert wird und zugleich die mechanischen Eigenschaften hinsichtlich Hochtemperaturfestigkeit und Kriechbeständigkeit verbessert werden. Dabei soll jedoch die Dichte der Legierung möglichst niedrig gehalten werden und eine gute und einfache Herstellung sowie Verarbeitbarkeit der Legierung gewährleistet werden.It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an optimized nickel-base superalloy in which the above-mentioned problems of casting segregation and the avoidance of the formation of TCP phases is improved and at the same time the mechanical properties with regard to high-temperature strength and creep resistance are improved. However, the density of the alloy should be kept as low as possible and a good and easy production and processability of the alloy can be ensured.

TECHNISCHE LÖSUNGTECHNICAL SOLUTION

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Nickelbasislegierung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie ein entsprechendes Bauteil aus der Nickelbasislegierung gemäß Anspruch 8. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This object is achieved by a nickel-based alloy having the features of claim 1 and a corresponding component made of the nickel-based alloy according to claim 8. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Zur Lösung der oben genannten Aufgabenstellung schlägt die vorliegende Erfindung vor, eine optimierte Zusammensetzung einer Nickelbasislegierung insbesondere hinsichtlich der Legierungselemente Kobalt, Rhenium, Wolfram, Tantal, Aluminium und Titan vorzusehen, da diese Legierungselemente die Gefüge - und Mikrostrukturausbildung sowie die entsprechenden mechanischen Eigenschaften der Legierung erheblich beeinflussen.In order to achieve the abovementioned object, the present invention proposes providing an optimized composition of a nickel-based alloy, in particular with regard to the alloying elements cobalt, rhenium, tungsten, tantalum, aluminum and titanium, since these alloying elements considerably increase the structure and microstructure formation and the corresponding mechanical properties of the alloy influence.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird vorgeschlagen eine Nickelbasis - Superlegierung mit einer chemischen Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 vorzusehen.According to the invention it is proposed to provide a nickel base superalloy having a chemical composition according to claim 1.

Der Nickelanteil der Legierung ist der Hauptbestandteil der Legierung, also der Bestandteil, der den höchsten Anteil in Gew.% oder At.% an der Legierung aufweist. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die entsprechende Legierung immer nur zu 100 % vorliegt, sodass keine Addition der Grenzwerte der angegebenen Anteilsbereiche in der Weise erfolgen kann, dass die Zusammensetzung der Legierung weniger oder mehr als 100 % ausmachen würde oder Nickel nicht den entsprechend größten Anteil stellen würde. Vielmehr ist bei der Verwendung eines Legierungselements mit einem hohen Anteil eine entsprechende Reduzierung anderer Legierungselemente mit einem entsprechend den Angaben geringeren Anteil vorzunehmen.The nickel content of the alloy is the main constituent of the alloy, ie the constituent which has the highest content in wt.% Or at.% Of the alloy. It goes without saying that the corresponding alloy is always present only to 100%, so that no addition of the limits of the specified ranges of shares can be made in such a way that the composition of the alloy would make up less or more than 100%, or nickel not the corresponding largest Would make a contribution. Rather, with the use of an alloying element with a high proportion, a corresponding reduction of other alloying elements must be carried out with a proportion corresponding to that stated.

Die Nickelbasislegierung zeichnet sich insbesondere dadurch aus, dass der Anteil von Tantal immer größer oder gleich dem Anteil von Aluminium ist, sodass das Verhältnis der Anteile von Tantal zu Aluminium in Gew.-% größer oder gleich 1 ist, also gilt c(Ta)/c(Al) ≥ 1. Darüber hinaus soll das Verhältnis von Tantal zu Aluminium in Gew.% kleiner oder gleich 2 sein. Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, dass damit eine verbesserte Verteilung von Wolfram und Molybdän zwischen der γ - Matrix und den γ' - Ausscheidungen erreichbar ist, sodass der Anteil an Wolfram und/oder Molybdän in der γ - Matrix größer ist als in den γ' - Ausscheidungen.The nickel-based alloy is characterized in particular by the fact that the proportion of tantalum is always greater than or equal to the proportion of aluminum, so that the ratio of the proportions of tantalum to aluminum in wt .-% is greater than or equal to 1, so c (Ta) / c (Al) ≥ 1. In addition, the ratio of tantalum to aluminum in wt.% Should be less than or equal to 2. It has been shown that an improved distribution of tungsten and molybdenum between the γ matrix and the γ 'precipitates is achievable, so that the proportion of tungsten and / or molybdenum in the γ matrix is greater than in the γ'. - excretions.

Ferner wird bei der Nickelbasis - Superlegierung der vorliegenden Erfindung das Verhältnis der Anteile von Kobalt zu Wolfram in Gew.% größer oder gleich 2 und kleiner oder gleich 5 gewählt, da durch die Erhöhung des Kobaltgehalts eine Verbesserung des Segregationsverhaltens, d.h. eine geringere Gusssegregation und ein höherer Homogenisierungsgrad erreichbar sind, sodass kürzere bzw. einfachere Lösungsglühzyklen Verwendung finden können. In Kombination mit dem höheren Wolframanteil in der y - Matrix durch das eingestellte Verhältnis von Tantal zu Aluminium kann entweder die Festigkeit erhöht oder bei gleichbleibender Mischkristallverfestigung insgesamt der Wolframgehalt reduziert werden, was sich insbesondere auch vorteilhaft auf die Dichte der Legierung auswirkt.Further, in the nickel-base superalloy of the present invention, the ratio of the proportions of cobalt to tungsten in wt.% Is set to be greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5, because by increasing the cobalt content, an improvement in segregation performance, ie lower casting segregation and higher degree of homogenization achievable so that shorter or easier solution annealing cycles can be used. In combination with the higher proportion of tungsten in the y-matrix due to the adjusted ratio of tantalum to aluminum, either the strength can be increased or the total tungsten content can be reduced while solid solution hardening remains the same, which in particular also has an advantageous effect on the density of the alloy.

Insbesondere kann das Verhältnis der Anteile von Kobalt zu Wolfram in Gew.% kleiner oder gleich 4 sein.In particular, the ratio of the proportions of cobalt to tungsten in% by weight can be less than or equal to 4.

Neben dem Verhältnis von Tantal zu Aluminium und von Kobalt zu Wolfram kann die Nickelbasis-Legierung so eingestellt werden, dass das Verhältnis der Anteile von Wolfram zu Molybdän in Gew.% größer oder gleich 1 und kleiner oder gleich 4 ist. Auch dadurch lassen sich die Ziele der Vermeidung von Gusssegregation, der Vermeidung der Bildung von TCP - Phasen sowie der besseren Verteilung von Wolfram und Molybdän zwischen der γ - Matrix und der γ' - Ausscheidungen erreichen.In addition to the ratio of tantalum to aluminum and cobalt to tungsten, the nickel-base alloy can be adjusted so that the ratio of the proportions of tungsten to molybdenum in wt.% Is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4. In this way too, the goals of avoiding casting segregation, avoiding the formation of TCP phases, and better distribution of tungsten and molybdenum between the γ matrix and the γ 'precipitates can be achieved.

Zu diesem Zweck kann auch das Verhältnis der Anteile von Kobalt zu Rhenium in Gew.% größer oder gleich 1 und kleiner oder gleich 2 gewählt werden.For this purpose, the ratio of the proportions of cobalt to rhenium in wt.% Greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2 can be selected.

Die für die mechanischen Eigenschaften wesentlichen Legierungsbestandteile Aluminium, Kobalt, Chrom, Molybdän, Rhenium, Ruthenium, Tantal, Titan und/oder Wolfram können insbesondere mit
5,0 bis 7,0 %, insbesondere 5,5 bis 6,0 % Al und/oder
10,5 bis 15,0 %, insbesondere 11,0 bis 12,0 % Co und/oder
4,0 bis 6,0 %, insbesondere 4,5 bis 5,5 % Cr und/oder
1,1 bis 2,5 %, insbesondere 1,1 bis 2,0 % Mo und/oder
5,5 bis 7,0 %, insbesondere 5,7 bis 6,5 % Re und/oder
3,1 bis 5,5 %, insbesondere 3,3 bis 5,0 % Ru und/oder
5,0 bis 9,0 %, insbesondere 5,5 bis 8,0 % Ta und/oder
0 bis 2,0 %, insbesondere 0,5 bis 2,0 %, vorzugsweise 1,1 bis 1,7 % Ti und/oder
3,0 bis 4,5 %, insbesondere 3,5 bis 4,5 % W zulegiert werden.The essential mechanical components for the mechanical properties aluminum, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, ruthenium, tantalum, titanium and / or tungsten may in particular with
5.0 to 7.0%, especially 5.5 to 6.0% Al and / or
10.5 to 15.0%, in particular 11.0 to 12.0% Co and / or
4.0 to 6.0%, especially 4.5 to 5.5% Cr and / or
1.1 to 2.5%, especially 1.1 to 2.0% Mo and / or
5.5 to 7.0%, especially 5.7 to 6.5% Re and / or
3.1 to 5.5%, especially 3.3 to 5.0% Ru and / or
5.0 to 9.0%, especially 5.5 to 8.0% Ta and / or
0 to 2.0%, especially 0.5 to 2.0%, preferably 1.1 to 1.7% Ti and / or
3.0 to 4.5%, in particular 3.5 to 4.5% W are zulegiert.

Eine entsprechende Legierung kann eine Dichte ≤ 8,94 g pro cm3, insbesondere ≤ 8,85 g pro cm3 und vorzugsweise ≤ 8,8 g pro cm3 aufweisen.A corresponding alloy may have a density ≤ 8.94 g per cm 3 , in particular ≤ 8.85 g per cm 3, and preferably ≤ 8.8 g per cm 3 .

Die Nickelbasislegierung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann sowohl einkristallin als auch gerichtet erstarrt eingesetzt werden, wobei insbesondere für Hochtemperaturanwendungen im Flugtriebwerksbau einkristalline Bauteile Verwendung finden.The nickel-based alloy of the present invention can be used both monocrystalline and directionally solidified, wherein monocrystalline components are used in particular for high-temperature applications in aircraft engine construction.

AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEEMBODIMENTS

Die nachfolgende Tabelle zeigt die Zusammensetzung von vier Legierungen gemäß der Erfindung hinsichtlich der Hauptbestandteile Aluminium, Kobalt, Chrom, Molybdän, Rhenium, Ruthenium, Tantal, Titan, Wolfram mit dem Rest Nickel in Gew.%, wobei weitere Bestandteile, wie Kohlenstoff, Silizium, Mangan, Phosphor, Schwefel, Bor, Kupfer, Eisen, Hafnium, Zirkon und Yttrium insgesamt mit einem Anteil von weniger als 0,7 Gew.% vorliegen können. Legierung Al Co Cr Mo Re Ru Ta Ti W Legierung 1 5,9 11,2 4,6 1,1 6,4 5 7,6 0 4 Legierung 2 5,7 11,4 5 1,9 6 3,3 5,8 1,2 3,7 Legierung 3 5,9 11,4 5 2,2 6 3,3 6,5 0,5 3,7 Legierung 4 5,9 11,3 5 2,4 6 3,3 7,4 0 3,7 The table below shows the composition of four alloys according to the invention with regard to the main constituents aluminum, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, rhenium, ruthenium, tantalum, titanium, tungsten with the remainder nickel in% by weight, where further constituents, such as carbon, silicon, Manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, hafnium, zirconium and yttrium may be present in total at a level of less than 0.7% by weight. alloy al Co Cr Not a word re Ru Ta Ti W Alloy 1 5.9 11.2 4.6 1.1 6.4 5 7.6 0 4 Alloy 2 5,7 11.4 5 1.9 6 3.3 5.8 1.2 3.7 Alloy 3 5.9 11.4 5 2.2 6 3.3 6.5 0.5 3.7 Alloy 4 5.9 11.3 5 2.4 6 3.3 7.4 0 3.7

Die entsprechenden Legierungen weisen die in der nachfolgenden Tabelle angegebenen Eigenschaften auf. Eigenschaften Legierung 1 Legierung 2 Legierung 3 Legierung 4 Dichte [g/cm3] 8,933 8,754 8,796 8,848 Misfit [%] -0,544 -0,56 -0,55 -0,55 Solidustemperatur [°C] 1324 1327 1327 1324 γ' Solvustemperatur [°C] 1261 1240 1247 1255 MKH Index 1100 11,96 12 11,97 12,14 γ' Gehalt bei 1100°C [%] 43,3 43,9 42,53 42,17 The corresponding alloys have the properties given in the table below. properties Alloy 1 Alloy 2 Alloy 3 Alloy 4 Density [g / cm 3 ] 8.933 8,754 8,796 8.848 Misfit [%] -0.544 -0.56 -0.55 -0.55 Solidus temperature [° C] 1324 1327 1327 1324 γ 'solvus temperature [° C] 1261 1240 1247 1255 MKH index 1100 11.96 12 11.97 12.14 γ 'content at 1100 ° C [%] 43.3 43.9 42.53 42.17

Der MKH Index bezeichnet den Mischkristallindex nach E. Fleischmann, Einfluss der Mischkristallhärtung der Matrix auf die Kriechbeständigkeit einkristalliner Nickelbasis - Superlegierungen, Dissertation Universität Bayreuth, 2013, bei dem gewichtete Elementgehalte von Re, W und Mo in der Matrix in Gew.% erfasst werden (MKH Index = 1,6 Re + W +Mo). Ein möglichst hoher MKH Index ist zur Bildung einer kriechbeständigen und hochtemperaturfesten Legierung vorteilhaft. Der Anteil der Legierungselemente in der Matrix kann durch Messungen mittels Atomsonde oder Transmissionselektronenmikroskop bestimmt werden.The MKH index describes the solid solution index according to E. Fleischmann, influence of solid solution hardening of the matrix on the creep resistance of single crystalline nickel base - Superalloys, Dissertation University of Bayreuth, 2013, in which weighted element contents of Re, W and Mo in the matrix are recorded in% by weight ( MKH index = 1.6 Re + W + Mo). The highest possible MKH index is advantageous for the formation of a creep resistant and high temperature resistant alloy. The proportion of alloying elements in the matrix can be determined by measurements using an atomic probe or a transmission electron microscope.

Obwohl die vorliegende Erfindung anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele detailliert beschrieben worden ist, ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, sondern vielmehr sind Abwandlungen in der Weise möglich, dass einzelne Merkmale innerhalb des angegebenen Schutzbereichs der beigefügten Ansprüche verändert werden können. Die Offenbarung schließt sämtliche Kombinationen der vorgestellten Einzelmerkmale mit ein.Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, the invention is not limited to these embodiments, but rather modifications are possible in the manner that individual features can be changed within the specified scope of the appended claims. The disclosure includes all combinations of the individual features presented.

Claims (9)

  1. Nickel-based alloy for high temperature applications, in particular for use in turbomachines, having a chemical composition that comprises, in weight percent: Al 3.7 to 7.0 Co 10 to 20 Cr 2.1 to 7.2 Mo 1.1 to 3.0 Re 5.5 to 9.2 Ru 3.1 to 8.5 Ta 4.1 to 11.9 Ti 0 to 3.3 W 2.1 to 4.9 C 0 to 0.05 Si 0 to 0.1 Mn 0 to 0.05 P 0 to 0.015 S 0 to 0.001 B 0 to 0.003 Cu 0 to 0.05 Fe 0 to 0.15 Hf 0 to 0.15 Zr 0 to 0.015 Y 0 to 0.001
    and the remainder being nickel and unavoidable impurities, wherein the ratio of the proportions of Ta to Al in weight percent is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2, and wherein the ratio of the proportions of Co to W in weight percent is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5.
  2. Nickel-based alloy according to claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the ratio of the proportions of Co to W in weight percent is less than or equal to 4.
  3. Nickel-based alloy according to either of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the ratio of the proportions of W to Mo in weight percent is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4.
  4. Nickel-based alloy according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the ratio of the proportions of Co to Re in weight percent is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 2.
  5. Nickel-based alloy according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the nickel-based alloy comprises, in weight percent,
    5.0 to 7.0%, in particular 5.5 to 6.0% Al and/or
    10.5 to 15.0%, in particular 11.0 to 12% Co and/or
    4.0 to 6.0%, in particular 4.5 to 5.5% Cr and/or
    1.1 to 2.5%, in particular 1.1 to 2.0% Mo and/or
    5.5 to 7.0%, in particular 5.7 to 6.5% Re and/or
    3.1 to 5.5%, in particular 3.3 to 5.0% Ru and/or
    5.0 to 9.0%, in particular 5.5 to 8.0% Ta and/or
    0 to 2.0%, in particular 0.5 to 2.0%, preferably 1.1 to 1.7% Ti and/or
    3.0 to 4.5%, in particular 3.5 to 4.5% W.
  6. Nickel-based alloy according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the density of the alloy is less than or equal to 9.09 g/cm3, in particular less than or equal to 8.94 g/cm3, preferably less than or equal to 8.85 g/cm3, most preferably less than or equal to 8.80 g/cm3.
  7. Nickel-based alloy according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the alloy comprises a γ matrix and γ' precipitates, the proportion of W and/or Mo being greater in the γ matrix than in the γ' precipitates.
  8. Component of a turbomachine, in particular of an aircraft engine, comprising a nickel-based alloy according to any of the preceding claims.
  9. Component according to claim 8,
    characterized in that
    the nickel-based alloy is monocrystalline or directionally solidified.
EP15181489.4A 2015-08-19 2015-08-19 Optimized nickel based superalloy Not-in-force EP3133178B1 (en)

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US15/234,072 US20170051382A1 (en) 2015-08-19 2016-08-11 Optimized nickel-based superalloy

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RU2768947C1 (en) * 2021-06-24 2022-03-25 Публичное акционерное общество "ОДК-Уфимское моторостроительное производственное объединение (ПАО "ОДК-УМПО") Heat-resistant nickel alloy for casting parts with monocrystalline structure

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EP4012061A1 (en) 2020-12-09 2022-06-15 MTU Aero Engines AG Nickel-based alloy and component made from same
EP4032997A1 (en) 2021-01-26 2022-07-27 MTU Aero Engines AG Nickel-based alloy and component made from same

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US5482789A (en) * 1994-01-03 1996-01-09 General Electric Company Nickel base superalloy and article
US6444057B1 (en) * 1999-05-26 2002-09-03 General Electric Company Compositions and single-crystal articles of hafnium-modified and/or zirconium-modified nickel-base superalloys
US6966956B2 (en) * 2001-05-30 2005-11-22 National Institute For Materials Science Ni-based single crystal super alloy
US6921586B2 (en) * 2002-02-05 2005-07-26 General Electric Company Ni-Base superalloy having a coating system containing a diffusion barrier layer
EP2128284B1 (en) * 2007-03-12 2015-08-19 IHI Corporation Ni-BASED SINGLE CRYSTAL SUPERALLOY AND TURBINE VANE USING THE SAME

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2768947C1 (en) * 2021-06-24 2022-03-25 Публичное акционерное общество "ОДК-Уфимское моторостроительное производственное объединение (ПАО "ОДК-УМПО") Heat-resistant nickel alloy for casting parts with monocrystalline structure

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