EP3132093B1 - Caisson de support modifié avec jupe périphérique optimale pour une performance améliorée d'opérations de type autoélévateur - Google Patents

Caisson de support modifié avec jupe périphérique optimale pour une performance améliorée d'opérations de type autoélévateur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3132093B1
EP3132093B1 EP14894748.4A EP14894748A EP3132093B1 EP 3132093 B1 EP3132093 B1 EP 3132093B1 EP 14894748 A EP14894748 A EP 14894748A EP 3132093 B1 EP3132093 B1 EP 3132093B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spudcan
skirt
tip
jackup
seabed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14894748.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3132093A4 (fr
EP3132093A1 (fr
Inventor
Kok Seng Foo
Chin Kau Quah
Okky Ahmad Purwana
Michael John Perry
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seatrium Offshore Technology Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Offshore Technology Development Pte Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3132093A1 publication Critical patent/EP3132093A1/fr
Publication of EP3132093A4 publication Critical patent/EP3132093A4/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
    • E21B15/02—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for underwater drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/021—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto with relative movement between supporting construction and platform
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/04—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction
    • E02B17/08—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering
    • E02B17/0818—Equipment specially adapted for raising, lowering, or immobilising the working platform relative to the supporting construction for raising or lowering with racks actuated by pinions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/006—Platforms with supporting legs with lattice style supporting legs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E02B2017/0082—Spudcans, skirts or extended feet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a modified spudcan with peripheral skirt for enhanced performance of jackup operations.
  • a jackup rig is widely used in offshore exploration for drilling wells and gas/oil production. With the increase of demand of energy, the offshore exploration is moving more and more toward the locations where hazards are present. Therefore, the operability range of a jackup rig is critical for its performance.
  • a jackup rig usually comprises a floatable hull with a deck or working platform, and three or four legs, where the legs' bottom is coupled with footing(s), providing support for the hull in elevated conditions. After the jackup rig arrives on location, the legs are lowered until the footing(s) touch the underneath seabed and rest on the seabed soil. A preloading is then carried out to simulate the anticipated vertical footing load during design storm and to proof test the foundation soil. During preloading, the jackup is elevated to a minimum clearance above the water and ballast water is added into the hull to impose more gravity load onto the footing. The footing will keep penetrating the seabed until the soil bearing capacity can equate the preload imposed by the footing.
  • ballast water is removed and the hull may then be jacked up using a jacking system to raise the working platform above the water, making the jackup rig safe to be operated in environmental conditions which impose additional loads on the jackup.
  • the legs of a jackup rig are commonly tubular columns or trusses, each truss leg comprising vertical chords connected with cross braces that are normally diagonally disposed.
  • the legs normally terminate in a jackup footing that rests on the seabed.
  • the footing provides an enlarged bearing area so as to provide an adequate bearing capacity and reduce the pressure exerted on the seabed soil. Resultantly, this reduces the penetration depth of the legs that is required by the foundation to support the jackup rig, allowing the jackup rig to be operated in a greater variety of locations and soil types with the available leg length.
  • spudcan Modern jackup rigs are typically equipped with individual footings, often referred to as "spudcan", which are connected to each leg of the jackup rig. This allows the jackup rig to be supported on uneven seabeds or slopes or in the cases whereby the elevation of each leg is needed to be independently adjusted relative to the other legs.
  • a traditional spudcan 10 is typically having a generally conical upper half 11 connected to the leg A and a generally conical lower half or base 12 for contact with the seabed, where the conical upper and lower halves are usually coupled directly at their peripheral or through a spudcan side wall 13.
  • the conical base helps ensure some penetration into the seabed, even in hard soils, so as to provide some anchoring of the legs into the seabed.
  • the upper and lower half can also consist of three or more sloping plates.
  • the spudcan 10 further comprises a central tip or spigot 14 that is located at the bottom of the lower half 12.
  • the central tip or spigot 14 is designed for providing a shear key for penetration in soft rock or hard soil.
  • the conical or sloping bottom, rather than a flat base, is to help ensure the support point as concentric as possible for partial embedment case in the anticipation of not perfectly flat seabed.
  • the central tip and conical bottom will encounter gradually increasing resistance in both vertical and lateral direction as the spudcan penetrates the seabed. This is favorable as the gradual increase of resistance force allows for greater penetration into the soil, increasing the ability of the soil to absorb energy without producing large reaction forces.
  • the additional hull buoyancy is mobilized, providing an additional source of energy dissipation and further reducing the peak impact force experienced.
  • the traditional spudcan may not be able to provide the maximum fixity (the amount of rotational restraint provided by the spudcan) in dense sand or hard soil due to the conical bottom nature and the limited amount of preload that a jackup can impose.
  • the spudcan full diameter cannot be fully utilized and the partial contact results in much lower fixity.
  • Skirted spudcan is normally used to increase the bearing capacity and hence fixity in dense sand compared to that of the traditional spudcans (without skirt).
  • the skirt effectively provides an "embedment" effect which could have been achieved by forcing a flat-based spudcan (without skirt) to the same penetration level as the skirt depth.
  • a spudcan with a typical skirt 20 is similar to the traditional spudcan for having the conical upper half 21 connected to the leg A, a lower half with a single or double sloped bottom 22, a spudcan side wall 23 connecting both halves 21, 22, and a central tip or spigot 24 with additions of a peripheral skirt 25 and an internal skirt 26.
  • the skirt height could be uniform around the entire perimeter if the spudcan bottom is of conical shape or varying in height when the lower half is formed of multiple sloping plates. Nonetheless, the lowest tip point of the normal skirt is typically lower than or at least flush with the lowest point of the central tip.
  • the relatively long skirt can impose problems when the jackup encounters soft or hard seabed.
  • the relatively long skirt may create leg extraction problem due to the increased frictional resistance of the skirt surface and suction effect.
  • the spudcan with relatively long skirt is not suitable for hard or rock seabed.
  • the skirt tip effectively becomes the support point. This would impose very high stress and potentially damage the skirt.
  • the peripheral skirt tip may only partially contact the hard layer, creating eccentric load on the spudcan. This situation is undesirable as the bending moment created by the eccentric support at the spudcan level may impose substantial initial stress at the leg even in the static condition before withstanding the design storm.
  • Keppel has disclosed a spudcan comprising an elongated skirt with openings at the top half of the skirt (PCT application, PCT/SG2012/000075 , publication number WO2012121674 ).
  • the tip of the elongated skirt is lower (i.e., longer) than the tip of the bottom central protrusion.
  • Such a spudcan has advantages for installation particularly at soft clay overlying hard stratum as it allows the trapped soil to flow out through the side openings on the skirt and ensure sufficient skirt embedment into the hard stratum.
  • this concept is not an ideal solution and the relatively long skirt may limit the jackup performance.
  • US8668408 discloses a skirted foundation with openings in the peripheral skirt.
  • One aspect of this invention is to provide a modified spudcan with peripheral skirt for enhanced performance of jackup operations.
  • the spudcan with peripheral skirt comprises a spudcan top part, a spudcan bottom part, wherein the spudcan bottom has a central tip protruding from the central part of the spudcan bottom; wherein the top and bottom parts are coupled at their peripherals to form a hull structure, and a peripheral skirt having an upper end being coupled to the spudcan bottom part and a lower end extending downwardly, wherein the tip of the lower end of the peripheral skirt is higher than the distal end of the central tip.
  • the spudcan may further comprise a spudcan side wall disposed between the spudcan top and bottom parts so as to connect the spudcan top and bottom parts to form a hull structure.
  • the top part may have a flat surface or a conical or multiple sloping planes configurations.
  • the bottom part may have a flat base or conical or multiple sloping planes configurations.
  • the height of the peripheral skirt may be correlated to both the diameter of the spudcan and vertical height of the spudcan bottom part, and wherein an angle between the slope from the distal end of the central tip to the tip of the lower end of the peripheral skirt and the horizontal line radially extending from the distal end of the central tip may range from 2 to 25 degrees.
  • the jackup platform comprises a platform on which accessories are disposed; a plurality of legs for supporting the platform; and a plurality of spudcans with skirt, wherein one spudcan is attached to the bottom end of one leg; wherein the spudcan with skirt comprises a spudcan top coupled to one of the plurality of legs; a spudcan bottom part, wherein the spudcan bottom has a central tip protruding from the central part of the spudcan bottom; wherein the top and bottom parts are coupled at their peripherals to form a hull structure; and a peripheral skirt having an upper end being coupled to the spudcan bottom part and a lower end extending downwardly, wherein the tip of the lower end of the peripheral skirt is higher than the distal end of the central tip.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a modified spudcan with peripheral skirt for enhanced performance of jackup operations.
  • the bottom end of the skirt is higher than the bottom end of the central protrusion/tip.
  • the skirt spudcan is versatile at various stages of jackup operations.
  • the height of the skirt is dependent upon design requirement for specific application; the factors that could be considered in designs include: i) spudcan diameter, ii) overall height of the spudcan bottom which also includes the central tip, iii) skirt tip height from the maximum bearing area, iv) a slope between the central tip and skirt tip, and v) the corresponding spudcan bottom bearing area at the skirt tip level.
  • the spudcan with skirt 100 comprises a spudcan top part 110, a spudcan bottom part 120, a spudcan side wall 130, and a peripheral skirt 140.
  • the spudcan top part 110 can be conical or multiple sloping planes configurations; when utilized in a jackup platform, it is coupled with the leg A of the jackup platform for supporting one leg of a jackup rig.
  • the spudcan bottom part 120 can be a flat base, or a conical or multiple sloping planes configuration with a downward slope.
  • the spudcan bottom part 120 has a central tip 150 protruding from the central point of the spudcan bottom.
  • the spudcan side wall 130 connects the top 110 and bottom 120 to form a hull structure. In certain embodiments, the spudcan side wall 130 is omitted, so that the spudcan top 110 and bottom 120 are coupled at their peripherals to form an outer edge.
  • the peripheral skirt 140 has an upper end being integrally coupled to the spudcan bottom.
  • the skirt and side wall are typically flush ( FIG 3a ), but the coupling point between the skirt and spudcan bottom can be varied; for example, the skirt is placed slightly radially inward as shown in FIG 3b .
  • the peripheral skirt 140 also has a lower end being downwardly projected so that the peripheral skirt 140 encircles the spudcan bottom part 120, wherein the distal end of the central tip 150 in the spudcan bottom is lower than the tip of the lower end of the peripheral skirt 140.
  • the height (H s ) 141 of the peripheral skirt 140 is correlated to both the diameter 122 of the spudcan 140 and vertical height (H t ) 121 of the spudcan bottom 120.
  • the angle ( ⁇ ) 124 between the slope from the distal end of the central tip 150 to the tip of the peripheral skirt 140 and the horizontal line radially extending from the distal end of the central tip 150 ranges from 2 to 25 degrees, preferably from 5 to 25 degrees, and more preferably 10 to 20 degrees.
  • the minimum skirt height ensures sufficient confinement for void filling purposes and minimum scour protection.
  • the effective spudcan diameter at the skirt tip level 123 can vary of the diameter of the peripheral skirt 122 between 1% and 75%, preferably between 5% and 50%, and more preferably 10% and 30%. Having too small or too big area beyond this range may compromise some of the performances mentioned above.
  • the skirt spudcan 100 can be made of any suitable materials and assembled in any suitable manner.
  • the materials and assembly are commonly known in the art; therefore no further details will be provided herein in order not to obscure the principles of the present invention.
  • the skirt height can be configured to facilitate full bottom contact or to provide "embedment effect" during in-place condition.
  • the main benefit of normal skirted spudcan for increasing fixity in dense sand seabed can be preserved.
  • the skirt enables void filing to achieve the full contact. This will in turn maximize the horizontal sliding capacity particularly at the clayey soil as well as the fixity of the spudcan.
  • skirt tip higher than the bottom of the central tip will ensure most, if not all, of the spudcan reaction forces is taken by the central tip when the spudcan is sitting on hard soil or rock seabed with very shallow penetration.
  • the skirt will prevent the skirt from being the supporting point which could create eccentric loading on the spudcan.
  • the central tip will become the support and the potential for the skirt tip reacts against the seabed can be minimized. This also applies when the jackup is resting on undulating or sloping seabed.
  • the skirt is used to improve the effectiveness of water jetting system at the spudcan bottom (compared to a traditional spudcan) and the additional friction resistance from the skirt is minimized (compared to a long skirted spudcan). Confining the jetting pressure will help ensure more uniform pressure distribution across the spudcan bottom and thus it can more effectively compensate suction pressure or provide uplift thrust at the spudcan bottom.
  • An optimum configuration will help ensure favorable performance of the spudcan at various conditions: e.g. i) touch-down during installation, ii) sitting on undulating/sloping seabed, iii) void filling after installation, iv) scouring protection during in-place, v) fixity during in-place, and vi) uplift resistance and water jetting confinement during leg extraction.
  • FIG 4 there is provided illustrative views showing the application of the operation of the skirt spudcan in various situations.
  • FIG 4A during spudcan touch-down on hard seabed, the central tip will react against the seabed.
  • the interaction of seabed on the skirt during initial stage of impact, which is often the most critical, can be prevented and thus attracting less impact force.
  • FIG 4B when the jackup is sitting on sloping very hard or rock seabed to a certain degree, it can be ensured that the central tip becomes the supporting point and the potential eccentric load due to the skirt tip reacting against the seabed can be minimized.
  • FIG 4C A situation where the jackup is installed on sand seabed is also illustrated in FIG 4C .
  • the skirt also maintains the main benefit of increased fixity resulting from the full contact area and "embedment" effect. Where required, the skirt facilitates void filling to achieve the full contact by injecting barite or other substances through jetting lines.
  • FIG 4D shows the spudcan installed in soft clay overlying very stiff seabed. The skirt improves the horizontal sliding capacity by providing embedment into the very stiff layer and increased lateral projected area. If the trapped clay between the spudcan bottom and the hard seabed is considered stiff enough and confined by the skirt, this would be able to increase the fixity.
  • FIG 4E illustrates how the water jetting at the spudcan bottom area can be confined by the skirt during leg extraction. The confinement of the pressure radiated from the jetting nozzles will help ensure more uniform pressure distribution across the spudcan bottom and thus it can more effectively compensate suction pressure or provide uplift thrust at the spudcan bottom.
  • FIG 5 there is provided a side view of a jackup platform employing the skirt spudcan (a), and an isometric view of the coupling between a leg of the jackup rig and an skirt spudcan in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention (b).
  • FIG 5a shows a jackup platform 200 comprises a plurality of legs (4 legs shown) 210 of which each is coupled with a spudcan 100 detailed in FIG 5b , a platform 220 being supported by the plurality of legs 210, and accessories 230.
  • a three-chorded truss leg of the jackup is connected to a circular spudcan with skirt.
  • the spudcan top and bottom are made of three sloping plates with a central tip protrusion at the spudcan bottom.
  • the peripheral skirt is coupled to the spudcan bottom immediately below the spudcan wall. The tip of the lower end of the peripheral skirt is higher than the distal end of the central tip.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Caisson de support avec jupe (100), comprenant :
    une partie supérieure (110) de caisson de support ;
    une partie inférieure (120) de caisson de support, le fond (120) de caisson de support présentant une pointe centrale (150) faisant saillie à partir de la partie centrale du fond de caisson de support (120) ; les parties supérieure et inférieure (110, 120) étant accouplées au niveau de leurs périphéries pour former une structure de coque ; et
    une jupe périphérique (140) présentant une extrémité supérieure qui est accouplée à la partie inférieure (120) de caisson de support et une extrémité inférieure s'étendant vers le bas, caractérisée en ce que la pointe de l'extrémité inférieure de la jupe périphérique est plus élevée que l'extrémité distale de la pointe centrale (150).
  2. Caisson de support (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre une paroi latérale de caisson de support (130) disposée entre les parties supérieure et inférieure (110, 120) de manière à relier les parties supérieure et inférieure (110, 120) du caisson de support pour former une structure de coque.
  3. Caisson de support (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la partie supérieure (110) présente une surface plane ou des configurations à plans coniques ou inclinés multiples.
  4. Caisson de support (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la partie inférieure (120) présente une base plane ou des configurations à plans coniques ou inclinés multiples.
  5. Caisson de support (100) selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la hauteur (141) de la jupe périphérique (140) est corrélée au diamètre (122) du caisson de support et à la hauteur verticale (121) de la partie inférieure (120) de caisson de support, et dans lequel un angle (124) entre la pente de l'extrémité distale de la pointe centrale (150) à la pointe de l'extrémité inférieure de la jupe périphérique (140) et la ligne horizontale s'étendant radialement à partir de l'extrémité distale de la pointe centrale (150) est compris entre 2 et 25°.
  6. Caisson de support (100) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'angle est compris entre 5 et 25°.
  7. Caisson de support (100) selon la revendication 5, dans lequel l'angle est compris entre 10 et 20°.
  8. Plateforme élévatrice (200), comprenant :
    une plateforme (220) sur laquelle sont disposés des accessoires ;
    une pluralité de jambes (210) permettant de soutenir la plateforme (220) ; et
    une pluralité de caissons de support avec jupe (100) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, un caisson de support (100) étant fixé à l'extrémité inférieure d'une jambe (210).
EP14894748.4A 2014-06-09 2014-06-09 Caisson de support modifié avec jupe périphérique optimale pour une performance améliorée d'opérations de type autoélévateur Active EP3132093B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SG2014/000266 WO2015190991A1 (fr) 2014-06-09 2014-06-09 Caisson de support modifié avec jupe périphérique optimale pour une performance améliorée d'opérations de type autoélévateur

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3132093A1 EP3132093A1 (fr) 2017-02-22
EP3132093A4 EP3132093A4 (fr) 2017-12-13
EP3132093B1 true EP3132093B1 (fr) 2018-11-28

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EP14894748.4A Active EP3132093B1 (fr) 2014-06-09 2014-06-09 Caisson de support modifié avec jupe périphérique optimale pour une performance améliorée d'opérations de type autoélévateur

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP3132093B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106460352A (fr)
SG (1) SG11201609373PA (fr)
WO (1) WO2015190991A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4227831A (en) * 1978-04-04 1980-10-14 Raymond International Builders, Inc. Self-contained offshore platform
SG130952A1 (en) * 2005-09-13 2007-04-26 Offshore Technology Dev Pte Lt Extraction of foundation in offshore platforms
US8011857B2 (en) * 2005-09-13 2011-09-06 Offshore Technology Development Pte Ltd Extraction system for removable marine footing
US8668408B2 (en) * 2011-03-09 2014-03-11 Keppel Offshore & Marine Technology Centre Pte Ltd Skirted foundation for penetrating soft material
KR101411515B1 (ko) * 2012-06-28 2014-07-01 삼성중공업 주식회사 부유식 구조물의 스퍼드캔

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2015190991A1 (fr) 2015-12-17
SG11201609373PA (en) 2016-12-29
EP3132093A4 (fr) 2017-12-13
CN106460352A (zh) 2017-02-22
EP3132093A1 (fr) 2017-02-22

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