EP3130048A1 - Appareil et système de protection de circuits électriques ainsi que procédé de commande du système de protection - Google Patents

Appareil et système de protection de circuits électriques ainsi que procédé de commande du système de protection

Info

Publication number
EP3130048A1
EP3130048A1 EP15713376.0A EP15713376A EP3130048A1 EP 3130048 A1 EP3130048 A1 EP 3130048A1 EP 15713376 A EP15713376 A EP 15713376A EP 3130048 A1 EP3130048 A1 EP 3130048A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
current
protection device
value
current value
protection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15713376.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uros Platise
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Energijski Konduktorji d o o
Original Assignee
Energijski Konduktorji d o o
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Energijski Konduktorji d o o filed Critical Energijski Konduktorji d o o
Publication of EP3130048A1 publication Critical patent/EP3130048A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/093—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current with timing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/033—Details with several disconnections in a preferential order, e.g. following priority of the users, load repartition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/06—Details with automatic reconnection
    • H02H3/066—Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/085—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
    • H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a protective device and a protection system for circuits and methods for controlling the protection system.
  • Circuits of, for example, apartments, houses or office buildings with one or more consumers are typically protected by a protective device in the form of a fuse or circuit breaker from long-term overcurrents and short-circuit currents.
  • a protective device in the form of a fuse or circuit breaker from long-term overcurrents and short-circuit currents.
  • the protective devices between the circuits and the power line are arranged and together form a protection system.
  • After a fuse or circuit breaker has tripped typically either replacement or reconnection of the respective protection device is required, which is cumbersome and incurs costs.
  • the power consumption of individual circuits can neither be reconstructed nor controlled, which is of particular interest in times of rising electricity prices and fluctuating power availability in the power line.
  • Circuit-breakers connected to circuit breakers can be opened and closed by means of a remote control to open or close circuits.
  • Power measurement units can measure and transmit power to the circuits protected by the fuses or circuit breakers so that a remote control user can decide, based on the power consumed by the circuits, whether to disconnect a circuit or remain closed.
  • the system shown in GB 2 450 426 A allows the circuits to be protected against long-term overcurrents and short-circuit currents, as hitherto customary, by means of their fuses or circuit breakers, so that their replacement still requires replacement or restarting.
  • GB 2 450 426 A allows the circuits to be protected against long-term overcurrents and short-circuit currents, as hitherto customary, by means of their fuses or circuit breakers, so that their replacement still requires replacement or restarting.
  • the object is achieved by a protective device according to claim 1, a protection system according to claim 13 and a method according to claim 17 or 23.
  • Circuit breaker series-connected micro-switch, a current measuring unit, a memory unit and a control unit comprises. At least one current value ranges is stored on the memory unit.
  • the current measurement unit is configured to measure currents in the protection device as well as the measured ones
  • the control unit is configured to process the current values, to open the microswitch when a current value is in the current value range and to close the microswitch after opening.
  • the protective device preferably has an input which can be connected to a current-carrying current line and an output which can be connected to a circuit.
  • the fuse or circuit breaker and the microswitch are then arranged in series between the input and the output, the current measuring unit measuring, for example, currents between the microswitch and the output and generating the measured current values representing current values.
  • the at least one current value range is preferably stored on the memory unit as a data record.
  • at least two current value ranges are stored on the memory unit, namely a long-term overcurrent current value range, which defines a long-term overcurrent state, and one
  • Short-circuit current value range which defines a short-circuit current state.
  • the storage unit may be e.g. integrated into the control unit or be formed by a separate unit.
  • the control unit can access and process the current values generated by the current measurement unit. For example, processing includes adding, subtracting, comparing, storing, deleting or forwarding.
  • the control unit may also be particularly advantageous also configured to process any other values except current values.
  • the control unit can be set up to compare the current values generated by the current measuring unit with the current value ranges stored on the storage unit.
  • control unit determines in such a comparison that the current values lie in one of the current value ranges stored on the memory unit, eg in a current value range defining the long-term overcurrent state or the short-circuit current state, then it can open the microswitch and thereby disconnecting the circuit of the protection device from the mains.
  • the microswitch can thus be opened automatically by means of the control unit before the fuse or the circuit breaker would trigger.
  • the fuse or circuit breaker therefore only serves as a redundant backup means when the microswitch should not open in time.
  • the protective device is particularly compact and may for example have the same dimensions as conventional fuse protection devices or circuit breakers, so that they can be easily replaced by the protection device according to the invention.
  • the protective device according to the invention may comprise actuating means by means of which the microswitch can be opened and closed manually, without the need for a power supply, which is particularly advantageous in the event of failure of one or more components of the protective device or their power supply is.
  • At least one maximum duration value assigned to the at least one current value range is stored on the memory unit and the control unit is set up to open the microswitch if current values are longer than the maximum duration value in the current value range.
  • at least one pair consisting of a current value range and a maximum duration value is stored on the memory unit of the protective device.
  • At least two pairs of associated current value ranges and maximum duration values are stored on the memory unit, namely a long-term overcurrent current value range with an associated long-term maximum current current maximum value, which defines for which duration a long-term overcurrent condition is tolerated at most , and a short-circuit current value range having an associated short-circuit current maximum duration value, which defines for what duration a short-circuit current condition is tolerated at most.
  • the control unit is set up to measure the duration, how long by the current measurement unit successively generated current values are in the current value range to compare the measured duration with the stored on the storage unit permanent maximum value, which is associated with the relevant current value range, and when the maximum permissible value is exceeded, the microswitch is opened, whereby a circuit connected to the protective device can be disconnected from the power line without the fuse or the circuit breaker tripping.
  • Protection device advantageously at least one further measuring unit comprising a temperature measuring unit, a voltage measuring unit, an energy measuring unit, an impedance measuring unit, a frequency measuring unit and a power measuring unit, wherein on the storage unit at least one further value range corresponding to the type of the respective further measuring unit is deposited.
  • the further measuring unit is set up for measurements corresponding to its type
  • the control unit is set up to process the measured values and to open the microswitch if a measured value lies in the relevant further value range.
  • the protective device comprises a temperature measuring unit
  • at least one temperature value range preferably an excess temperature value range, is stored on the memory unit, which defines which overtemperature measured values are not tolerated.
  • fuses or circuit breakers typically a
  • the temperature-measuring unit will preferably be arranged so that they the temperature in the immediate vicinity of the bimetal or the wire of the fuse or of the circuit breaker can measure.
  • a stored on the SpeI cherü temperature range then preferably refers to the temperature of the
  • the Temperature measuring unit can measure the ambient temperature of the fuse or the circuit breaker and refers to a temperature range stored on the storage unit on the ambient temperature.
  • this embodiment with a temperature sensor makes a contribution to further increasing the safety of the protective device, in that the opening and closing of the microswitch can be carried out on the basis of two independently measured variables (current and temperature), both of which are particularly significant parameters for a long-term Overcurrent are.
  • the protective device comprises at least one further measuring unit in the form of a frequency, voltage, power or energy measuring unit, this makes it possible, in particular, to detect an overload of a power line connected to the protective device particularly early and reliably and by immediate automatic opening of the microswitch To take load from the power line in the shortest possible time, thereby again increasing the quality of the current in the power line.
  • the protective device comprises a frequency or voltage measuring unit
  • at least one frequency and one voltage value range are stored on the memory unit, which define which frequency or voltage measured values are not tolerated.
  • Such frequency or voltage value ranges preferably define an underfrequency or undervoltage Condition, which are given when the frequency or voltages measured in the circuit by the frequency or voltage measuring unit are more than a definable limit below the normal mains frequency or voltage.
  • Such unwanted underfrequency conditions typically occur when the load in the circuit is too large, eg, caused by a load jump or an abrupt decrease in the line current. This undesirable condition is also referred to as "brown-out", which can cause damage to devices in the circuit and lead to a power failure in the network.
  • the protective device comprises a power or an energy measuring unit, then at least one power or energy value range is present on the memory unit
  • such a power or energy value range defines a state of excessive power consumption or excessive energy consumption, which are given when the power consumption measured by the power measurement unit or the energy consumption measured by the energy measurement unit exceeds a respectively definable limit value.
  • the protective device comprises an impedance measurement unit
  • at least one impedance value range is stored on the memory unit, which defines which impedance measurement values are not tolerated.
  • an impedance value range defines a high-impedance state, which occurs when the impedance measured by the impedance measuring unit exceeds a definable limit value.
  • a high impedance state can be used as an indicator that all loads within the circuit are ready to be disconnected from the power line, eg
  • the control unit of the protective device can automatically effect a corresponding separation by opening the microswitch, which in particular contributes to reducing the electrosmog caused by the circuit.
  • the impedance measuring unit can be designed as a separate component or in the
  • the control unit can access the temperature measured values generated by the temperature measuring unit and compare them with the at least one temperature value range stored on the storage unit. If the control unit determines in such a comparison that the temperature measured values lie in a temperature value range stored on the memory unit, eg an over-temperature state of the wire of a fuse Overtemperature value range, it can open the microswitch.
  • the above-described embodiment of the protective device according to the invention with at least one further measuring unit can be advantageously modified such that the control unit is set up to open the microswitch even if a current value generated by the current measuring unit is not stored in a current stored on the storage unit. Range of values is located, no power value ranges and / or maximum duration values are stored on the memory unit, the control unit is not set up to process current values and / or the protection device has no current measuring unit.
  • control unit is set up to open the microswitch if readings longer than the other
  • the pair of a further value range and a further maximum duration value associated therewith define for which duration a state which is defined by the further value range is tolerated at most without the control unit opening the microswitch.
  • the control unit may measure the duration of how long the measurements of the above said further measuring units are in a value range corresponding to the respective type, compare the measured duration with the stored on the memory unit further maximum duration value, which is associated with the relevant further range of values, and open the microswitch when the further maximum value is exceeded.
  • the value ranges and maximum duration values can be processed. This allows the protection device to be used e.g. particularly flexible and easy to adapt to different fuses and circuit breakers as well as power lines, power grids and circuits.
  • the control unit is set up by processing energy measured values generated by the energy measuring unit to generate an energy consumption report which can be stored on the storage unit and which contains energy consumption in the circuit during a definable period of time.
  • the energy consumed in the circuit of the protective device can be detected in the definable period, for example on a day, a week, a month or a year.
  • the definable period is preferably stored on the memory unit of the protective device, so that the control unit can access it.
  • the energy consumption report that can be stored on the storage unit can be accessed from outside the protection device, so that it can be further processed and / or displayed, for example.
  • control unit is set up to differentiate between different loads that consume energy in the circuit and to generate an energy consumption report for each individual load. This is made possible by evaluation of the
  • Load profile of the circuit which can be determined in detail, which load has consumed in a fixed period of time how much energy.
  • the protection device comprises at least one communication interface. At least one is preferred
  • Communication interface provided which is adapted to establish a direct communicative connection with at least one other protection device.
  • the communication interface can be set up to communicate with communication interfaces of external devices, eg computers or mobile phones, in particular smartphones.
  • the communication interface is preferably set up to transmit data records stored on the memory unit and to receive data records to be stored on the memory unit, wherein said data sets may comprise value ranges, maximum duration values, time periods, current values, further measured values or energy consumption reports by way of example only.
  • the communication interface is set up to communicate wirelessly.
  • the elimination of wiring can be saved in particular space and installation costs.
  • communication interfaces in this context e.g. W-LAN, Bluetooth, infrared or other wireless interfaces are used.
  • the communication interface is set up to provide access to the current values and / or the measured values.
  • IP addresses can be stored on the storage unit, which are compared with devices that want to establish a connection to the communication interface.
  • the communication interface can provide access to the values generated by the measuring units to a device of an electricity provider which supplies power to a power line connected to the protective device, so that the power supplier receives information in real time, for example, about the current in the circuit of the protective device received power receives and this information, for example, the Control of power distribution in its supply network can use.
  • the communication interface can advantageously be set up to at least partially deny access to the memory unit.
  • a contribution is made to protect the privacy of the protection device user.
  • the communication interface can be denied access to the energy consumption reports stored on the storage unit to an electricity provider.
  • the protection system according to the invention according to claim 13 comprises several of the protection devices according to the invention described above, each having at least one
  • the protective devices are communicatively connected by communication interfaces.
  • the protection devices can exchange current values and other generated values with each other via the communication interfaces.
  • at least one protective device can be particularly configured to control the microswitch of at least one other protective device.
  • Protection devices - a "master protection device” as it were - assign a maximum permissible current value to other protection devices.
  • the said other protective devices of the protection system are preferably located within a fuse box, but also provided that protective devices are connected outside the fuse box directly in front of a relevant electrical load and exchange their generated current values with at least one protective device within the fuse box.
  • a respective protective device measures a current value which exceeds the maximum permissible current value assigned to it, then it can be provided in a particularly simple manner that the control unit of the relevant
  • the master protection device can react flexibly to such a state.
  • the other protection devices transmit their generated current values to the master protection device by means of the communication interfaces. Due to the received current values and a definable maximum current value for the protection system, the master protection device can now change the maximum permissible current values for the other protection devices such that as many microswitches of the protection devices as possible can remain closed.
  • Protective devices associated circuits are particularly flexible balanced among the protection devices.
  • the protection devices in particular the master protection devices, multiple protection systems can also communicate with each other in the above manner, so that a corresponding compensation of the power consumption is also possible at the level of several protection systems.
  • the ! Protective devices are communicatively connected in series by the communication interfaces and thereby form a communication chain.
  • This embodiment which in the minimum case may comprise two and basically any number of protection devices according to the invention, allows the protection devices of the communication chain to exchange information particularly quickly with one another and that the opening and / or closing of the microswitch can be tuned particularly quickly between the protection devices.
  • a first and a last protection device which are arranged at the two ends of the communication chain, each having a communication interface, by which they are each communicatively connected to the immediately adjacent protection device.
  • the protection devices between the first and the last protection device may, for example, each have two communication interfaces, by which they are each connected communicatively with their neighboring protection devices.
  • current values, measured values and other data sets can be transmitted to the other protective devices via the communication chain particularly quickly, processed and used to control the opening
  • the protection devices are additionally communicatively connected to each other by a common bus system.
  • the bus system makes it possible to communicate centrally with the protection devices of the communication chain, in order, e.g. to change or access records stored on the storage devices.
  • the bus system forms redundancy at e.g. Failure of a communication interface within the communication chain.
  • the bus system comprises a communication unit with a further communication interface.
  • the further communication interface can be formed, for example, by a LAN, WLA, Bluetooth or infrared interface.
  • the communication unit is set up with various external devices, eg computers or mobile phones, in particular Smartphones, communicate.
  • external devices of an electricity provider can communicate with the further communication interface and in this way in particular influence which microswitches are to be opened and / or closed under which conditions.
  • the inventive method according to claim 17 for controlling a protection system according to the invention described above, in which the protective devices are communicatively connected in series by the communication interfaces and thereby form a communication chain whose protective devices are connected in parallel to a common power line comprises the method steps
  • the common power line can be supplied, for example, by the power grid of an electricity supplier with alternating current. Furthermore, however, a decentralized generator power, such as three-phase current, in the Feed power line. Furthermore, direct current generated by, for example, photovoltaic systems or provided by battery storage can also flow in the power line.
  • the setting of the maximum permissible current value for the first protective device can, for example, take place in such a way that it is stored as a value range on the memory unit of the first protective device, the value range detecting all values which are greater than the maximum permissible current value.
  • the microswitch of the first protection device can be controlled by its control unit e.g. be opened when current values generated by the current measuring unit of the first protection device in the aforementioned range of values.
  • the maximum permissible current value of the second protective device is preferably calculated as a function of the maximum permissible current value for the first protective device in the control unit of the first protective device. The calculation of the maximum permissible current value for the other protection devices - if available - is analogous to the calculation for the second protection device.
  • a value range is stored, which includes negative maximum permissible current values.
  • a negative maximum permissible current value for a protection device means that more current is already flowing through the preceding protection devices in the communication chain than specified by the maximum permissible current value for the first protection device.
  • the microswitch of the relevant protection device is opened, whereby a circuit connected to the protective device is disconnected from the power line.
  • the maximum permissible current value for all subsequent protection devices is also negative, so that their microswitches are also opened.
  • Method is particularly well suited to give the first protection device a maximum power consumption priority, which decreases for each additional protection device and is the lowest for the last protection device.
  • the inventive method can be particularly simple, effective and clear circuits of protective devices separated from the power line.
  • a first embodiment of the inventive method according to claim 17 is advantageously characterized by calculating the maximum permissible current value for each of the remaining protection devices by measuring a current strength and generating a current value representing the measured current value by the current measuring units of the first to the second last protection device in the communication chain, generating a current value representing the measured current value, subtracting the current value generated in a respective protection device from the maximum allowable current value for the respective protection device by means of the control unit of the respective protection device and transmitting the difference value to the respective subsequent protection device in the communication chain via the communication chain.
  • the maximum permissible current value for the second protection device in the control unit of the first protection device is calculated as the difference between the maximum permissible current value defined for the first protection device and one by the current measurement unit of the first protection device
  • the maximum permissible current value for the third protection device is calculated in the control unit of the second protection device from the difference between the maximum permissible current value calculated for the second protection device and a current value generated by the current measurement unit of the second protection device and to the third protection device transmitted via the communication chain.
  • the calculation of the maximum permissible current values for the other protection devices - if present - and the transmission of the difference values is done analogously.
  • the maximum current that can be measured in a protective device without its control unit opening the microswitch is limited to the value of the maximum permissible current value for the first protective device minus the sum of the currents measured in the preceding protective devices of the communication chain.
  • the maximum permissible current value thus assumes the highest value for the first protection device and the lowest value for the last protection device.
  • the current values generated by the current measurement units are preferably the last ones in each case the respective current measuring unit generated current value, which represents the current measured by the current measuring unit current.
  • the maximum permissible current value is determined taking into account the design of the common power line or the amount of current that can be provided in it. If, for example, the current in the common power line is limited by a fuse, then the maximum permissible current value is preferably smaller than the value of the triggering current strength of the fuse. This is particularly advantageous because in particular can be prevented by opening a sufficient number of micro-switches that the fuse of the common power line must trigger. The fuse is only redundancy in the event that a microswitch does not open in time.
  • the maximum permissible current value can be set such that it does not exceed an available current in the power line, which can be specified for example by a user or externally by an electricity supplier eg via the common power line.
  • a user of the protection system is allowed to the current flowing through the circuits of the protection devices total power limit and thus particularly easy to save electricity.
  • Protective device calculates a difference value and transmitted to the other protection devices, which indicates how much power may flow at most additionally in the protection devices without at least one micro-switch is disconnected.
  • the calculation of the maximum permissible current values for the second to last protective device calculating the difference value in the last protection device and transmitting the difference value to all other protection devices within the period of a current flowing in the common power line current, whereby a particularly rapid coordination of the opening of ikroschaltern is enabled. Even if a direct current flows in the common power line, correspondingly high-frequency current measurements can likewise be carried out, for example, by stipulating corresponding time values in the protective devices.
  • a further advantageous embodiment is characterized by storing a current value, which was last generated by the current measuring unit of a protective device, before the microswitch was opened, on the storage unit of the protective device and closing the opened microswitch, if a maximum permissible current value calculated after opening for the
  • the microswitch is not closed again until a maximum permissible current value calculated for the relevant protective device is at least as high as the stored current value.
  • This embodiment contributes to the fact that an opened microswitch closes again after a particularly short time, and thus a current circuit which is separated from the common power line is again supplied with power particularly quickly, without causing unstable operating states of the protection system.
  • the maximum permissible current value can be set, for example, by depositing a corresponding value on at least one of the memory units of the protection devices, preferably on the memory unit of the first or last protection device in the communication chain.
  • the opening maximum values are preferably set by storing a corresponding value on each of the storage units of the protective devices. The calculation of the remaining maximum permissible current values takes place in such a way that in each case a current value of each protective device is added several times in succession. If the current value sums formed thereby exceed the maximum allowable current value without interruption longer than the open maximum value for a protection device, then the microswitch of the protection device is opened, disconnecting a circuit connected to the protection device from the common power line.
  • each protection device in the communication chain can be assigned an arbitrary switch-off priority by the opening maximum value for the protection device is selected to be correspondingly high.
  • the maximum opening value for a protection device determines how long one after the other the maximum permissible current values must be negative before the microswitch of the
  • Protective device is opened.
  • the opening maximum values are preferably chosen shorter than the duration within which a fuse would initiate the power line.
  • the protection devices can be assigned to restart protection priorities by: - if the maximum permissible current values calculated after opening the microswitch are continuously positive again - protective devices for which a lower maximum closure value has been set ; de, shut down their open microswitch more quickly than protective devices, for which a higher Closing maximum value has been set.
  • a combination of switch-on and switch-on priorities is provided in order to produce a particularly clear and unambiguous overall priority of the protective devices. For this purpose, higher open and lower maximum closure values are specified for protective devices to which a higher overall priority is to be assigned, than for protection devices with a lower one
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the inventive method according to claim 23 is characterized by
  • Serial adding means the following:
  • the current measuring unit of the first protection device generates a current value and transmits it to the second protection device.
  • the current measuring unit of the second protection device generates a current value, adds it to the current value transmitted by the first protection device and transmits the sum to the third protection device.
  • the third and each additional protection device - if present - acts like the second protection device.
  • In the electricity Values are the current, preferably the last generated by the current measurement units current values, which represent the current, preferably last measured by the current measurement units current values.
  • the above-described steps are repeated, whereby the sums of each of a current value of all protection devices are formed.
  • the sums formed are each deducted from the maximum permissible current value, resulting in the remaining maximum permissible current values.
  • the adding and subtracting is preferably carried out by the control units of the respective protection devices.
  • Opening of the microswitch of each protection device if open states transmitted to it are continuously longer than the maximum opening value specified for it, that apart from its microswitch, at least one of the remaining microswitches is still closed.
  • Circuit breaker can be made possible that at the same time only one of the microswitches of all protection devices is closed, so that the common circuit is connected to at least one load exclusively with one of the power lines. Under opening condition fall in particular those states in which the microswitch is open or closed or should be closed. Which of the power lines to remain connected to the circuit can be controlled in particular by setting different long opening maximum values.
  • the individual power lines can each be powered by its own power source, including u.a. the individual phases of a multi-phase current, e.g. a three-phase current, or various other current sources, e.g. DC currents of photovoltaic or battery storage, or AC of a central power supply network include. In each case an output of the multi-phase current, e.g. a three-phase current, or various other current sources, e.g. DC currents of photovoltaic or battery storage, or AC of a central power supply network include. In each case an output of the individual phases of a multi-phase current, e.g. a three-phase current, or various other current sources, e.g. DC currents of photovoltaic or battery storage, or AC of a central power supply network include. In each case an output of the multi-phase current, e.g. a three-phase current, or various other current sources, e.g. DC currents of photovoltaic or battery storage, or AC of a central power supply network
  • Protection devices are connected to a common circuit. In each protection device, the opening state of the microswitch is detected and can be applied to all other protection devices, e.g. be transmitted via the communication interfaces and / or via the common bus system. The described determination and transmission is preferably repeated permanently.
  • a protective device whose microswitch is closed receives the information in this way that the microswitch of at least one other protective device should be closed, it will open its microswitch by means of its control unit, unless it has been opened for the duration of the opening opening defined for it.
  • Maximum duration value which starts to run after receiving the information, for example receives new information, according to which none of the remaining micro-switches should be opened.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of a protection device according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of a protection system according to the invention, whose protective devices are connected on the input side with a common power line and on the output side, each with a single circuit, and
  • Fig. 3 shows the schematic structure of another embodiment of a protection system according to the invention, the protective devices on the input side, each with its own power line and the output side are connected to a common circuit.
  • FIG. 1 The exemplary embodiment of a protective device 1 according to the invention shown by FIG. 1 comprises a microswitch 2, which is connected in series with a fuse 3, a memory unit 4, a current measuring unit 5 and a control unit 6.
  • the protective device 1 alternatively also comprise a circuit breaker, not shown.
  • the protective device 1 comprises an input 7 for connection to a current-carrying power line and an output 8 for connection to a circuit with at least one electrical load.
  • the current measuring unit 5 can measure through its current sensor 5 S currents between the microswitch 2 and the output 8 and generate current values which represent measured currents and can be processed by the control unit 6.
  • Two current value ranges are stored on the memory unit 4, namely a long-term overcurrent value range, which defines a long-term overcurrent state, and a short-circuit current value range, which defines a short-circuit state.
  • a long-term maximum overcurrent value value assigned to the long-term overcurrent value range and a short-circuit current maximum duration value assigned to the short-circuit current value range are stored on the memory unit 4.
  • the control unit 6 is set up, if one of the current measuring unit 5 generated in one or both of the two aforementioned ranges of values, the microswitch 2 by appropriate commands to open without the fuse 3 triggers.
  • the control unit 6 is also set up to automatically close the microswitch 2 again, so that after a long-term overcurrent state or a short-circuit state no replacement or replacement of the fuse 3 is required.
  • a long-term excess-current maximum value associated with the long-term overcurrent value range and a short-circuit maximum value assigned to the short-circuit value range are stored on the memory unit 4.
  • the control unit 6 can, according to another operating mode, then open the microswitch 2 if it recognizes by comparison that current values generated by the current measuring unit 5 for a duration longer than the long-term maximum maximum current value and / or the short-circuit maximum duration value in the Long-term overcurrent value range and / or short-circuit value range are.
  • the protective device 1 further comprises a temperature measuring unit 9, which has a temperature sensor 9 S in the immediate vicinity of the fuse 3, so that they are temperatures in the vicinity of the wire. 3
  • an over-temperature value range which defines an over-temperature state of the wire 3 W of the fuse 3, and an over-temperature maximum value associated with the over-temperature value range are stored.
  • the control unit 6 may according to a further mode of operation open the microswitch 2 when it detects by comparison that current values generated in the long-term overcurrent value range and for a duration longer than the long-term maximum overcurrent maximum value by the current measuring unit 5 a duration longer than the maximum overtemperature value by the temperature measuring unit 9 generated temperature measured values are in the excess temperature value range.
  • the protective device 1 comprises further measuring units in the form of a frequency 10, a voltage 11, and a power measuring unit 12, as well as an integrated into the power measuring unit 12 energy measuring unit and an integrated into the current measuring unit 5 impedance measuring unit ,
  • the further measuring units 9-12 are set up to measure frequencies, voltages, powers, energies or impedances in the protective device 1, and the frequency, voltage, power energy or the measured frequencies, voltages, powers, energies or impedances, respectively. Impedance to produce measured values.
  • value ranges are deposited, which are a type of the respective further measuring unit frequency and an undervoltage value range defining an abnormally low frequency state, an over-power and an over-consumption value range each defining a state of excessive power consumption and a high-impedance value range, respectively State defined in which loads in the circuit of the protection device are considered ready for shutdown. Furthermore, a respective maximum maximum value assigned to the said further value ranges is stored on the memory unit 4.
  • current values generated by the current measuring unit 5 are in the overcurrent value range stored on the storage unit (1st opening criterion) and for a duration longer than one of the further ones
  • Maximum duration values produced by the corresponding further measuring unit 9-12 lie in the further value range assigned to the further maximum duration value (second opening criterion).
  • control unit 6 is adapted to the microswitch 2 open even if only the 2nd ⁇ réelleskri- 1 terium 2 is met.
  • control unit 6 is further configured to generate and store an energy consumption value on the storage unit 4, which contains the energy consumption of a circuit connectable to the output 8 during a consumption period stored on the storage unit 4. For this purpose, the control unit 6 cumulatively adds the power measured values generated by the power measurement unit 12 during the consumption period.
  • control unit 6 is configured to generate an energy consumption value for different loads in the circuit by evaluating a load profile and store it on the memory unit 4.
  • the protective device 1 also has a power supply unit 13 for the power supply of the protective device 1, which can be fed either by the connectable to the input 7 power grid or another power source. Furthermore, the protection device 1 comprises a communication interface 14 for wireless data transmission.
  • the communication interface 14 allows not shown external communication interfaces with certain IP addresses to access the measured values generated in the protection device 1. However, access to the energy consumption values stored on the storage unit 4 is only possible through the input a definable by the user of the protection device 1 username and password possible, which in particular a power provider has no access to the energy consumption values.
  • the protection system 15 comprises four protection devices 1A-1D, which are similar in each case to the protection device 1 shown by FIG. 1.
  • Each protection device 1A-1D is connected at its input 7A-7D to a common power line in the form of an AC-conducting network 16, which carries an alternating current provided by a central electricity provider.
  • Each protection device 1A-1D is further connected at its output 8A-8D to its own circuit 17A-17D with a plurality of consumers, not shown.
  • the protection devices 1A-1D are communicatively connected with each other in series via communication ports 18-23 wirelessly communicating with each other, thereby forming a communication chain.
  • the protection devices 1A, 1D at the end of the communication chain each comprise a communication interface 18, 23 and the remaining protection devices 1B, IC each have two communication interfaces 19-22.
  • the protective devices 1A-1D are furthermore communicatively connected to one another via a common bus system 24 which comprises a communication unit 25 with a further communication interface 26.
  • the network 16 has a network fuse 27 which triggers upon reaching a tripping current.
  • the value of the trigger current is stored permanently on the memory unit 4A of the first protection device 1D.
  • the stored current value determines the maximum permissible current value for the first protection device 1A, from which the control unit 6A of the first protection device 1A deducts the current value determined last by its current measurement unit 5A represents a last measured by the current measuring unit 5A current between the microswitch 2A and the output 8A of the first protective device 1A.
  • the difference value corresponds to the maximum permissible current value for the second protection device 1B, which is connected to the second
  • Protective device 1B is transmitted in the communication chain.
  • the transmission takes place by means of two communicatively communicating communication interfaces 18, 19 of the first protection device 1A or of the second protection device IB.
  • the control unit 6B of the second protection device 1B subtracts from the obtained maximum allowable current value for the second protection device 1B the current value last determined by its current measurement unit 5B, the current value last measured by the current measurement unit 5B between the microswitch 2B and the output 8B of the second protection device 1B.
  • the diffe- limit value corresponds to the maximum permissible current value for the third protection device IC which is connected to the third
  • Protective device IC is transmitted in the communication chain by means of two communicatively communicating communication interfaces 20, 21 of the second protection device 1B and the third protection device IC.
  • the calculation of the maximum permissible current value for the fourth protection device 1D and its transmission to the fourth protection device 1D takes place in a manner analogous to that in the second protection device IB.
  • the control unit 6D of the fourth protection device 1D subtracts from the obtained maximum permissible current value for the fourth protection device 1D the current value determined last by its current measurement unit 5D, the current value last measured by the current measurement unit 5D between the microswitch 2D and the output 8D of the fourth protection device 1D.
  • the difference value corresponds to a remaining maximum permissible current value for the protection system 15 and is transmitted via the communication chain to all other protection devices 1A-1C.
  • the first protection element 1A receives the highest priority with regard to the possible current decrease.
  • the priority decreases from protection device to protection device within the communication chain and is the lowest for the fourth protection device 1D.
  • the respective control units 6B- 6D of the second to last protection device 1B-1D opens its microswitch 2B-2D when the maximum allowable current value for the relevant protection device 1B-1D is negative.
  • the control unit 6A of the first protection device 1A opens its microswitch 2A when the difference value formed in the first protection device 1A is negative.
  • a process cycle which comprises the calculation of the maximum permissible current value for all protective devices 1A-1D and the transmission of the remaining maximum permissible current value for the protection system 15 to all other protective devices 1A-1C takes place within a period of the alternating current flowing in the network 16.
  • a completely continuous process cycle is followed directly by the next one
  • the closing of a previously opened microswitch 2A-2D is effected by storing the last current value generated by the current measuring unit 5A-5D of the relevant protective device 1A-1D before opening the microswitch 2A-2D on the memory unit 4A-4D of the protective device 1A-1D, and the microswitch 2A-2D is closed again when a currently available maximum permissible current value for the protective device 1A-1D calculated after opening the microswitch 2A-2D is greater than the stored current value.
  • a maximum permissible current value is determined by the value of the tripping current intensity of the network fuse 27 stored on the memory unit 4A of the first protection device 1A. From the maximum permissible current value, the sum of one current value of all protective devices 1A-1D is subtracted.
  • control unit 6A of the first protection device 1A draws the last current measurement unit 5A of the first from the maximum permissible current value
  • Protective device 1A determined current value.
  • the formed difference value is transmitted to the second protection device 1B in the communication chain.
  • the control unit 6B of the second protection device 1B subtracts from the difference value obtained the current value last determined by the current measurement unit 5B of the second protection device 1B.
  • the difference value formed is transmitted to the third protection device IC, in which a difference value is formed analogously to the second protection device 1B and transmitted to the fourth protection device 1D.
  • the fourth protection device 1D subtracts from the difference value obtained the current value last determined by its current measurement unit 5D.
  • the difference value formed corresponds to a residual maximum permissible current value for the protection system 15, which is transmitted via the communication chain to the first three protection devices 1A-1C.
  • a process cycle which comprises the difference value formations in all protective devices 1A-1D and the transmission of the remaining maximum permissible current value to the first three protective devices 1A-1C takes place within the period of the alternating current flowing in the network 16.
  • a complete process cycle is immediately followed by the next process cycle, so that each protection device 1A-1D receives the remaining maximum allowable current value in each period of the alternating current flowing in the network 16.
  • an opening maximum value is further stored in each case. If the remaining maximum permissible current values transmitted via the communication chain are continuously negative for a longer time than the maximum opening value of a protective device 1A-1D, then their control unit 6A-6D opens the microswitch 2A-2D. Thus, the protection device 6A-6D, on the memory unit 4A-4D of which the highest opening maximum value is stored, receives the highest priority with regard to the possible current decrease and the protection device 1A-1D, on whose memory unit 4A-4D the lowest maximum opening value is stored is the lowest priority.
  • the further exemplary embodiment of a protection system 15 according to the invention shown by FIG. 3 comprises the first three protection devices already shown in FIG. te 17A-17C, which form a communication chain by a total of four communication interfaces 18-21 in the manner already explained.
  • the protective devices 1A-1C are also communicatively connected to one another via a common bus system 24 having a communication unit 25, which comprises a further communication interface 26.
  • a common bus system 24 having a communication unit 25, which comprises a further communication interface 26.
  • Protective devices 1A-1C are each connected to a power line 16A-16C of a three-phase generator (not shown), each of the power lines 16A-16C leading a phase of the three-phase current.
  • the three outputs 8A-8C of the protective devices 1A-1C are connected to a common circuit 17A which contains a plurality of loads, not shown.
  • the storage units 8A-8C of the protective devices 1A-1C each have an opening maximum duration value which is the highest for the first protection device 1A, for the second protection device 1B lower than for the first protection device 1A and for the third protection device IC lowest ,
  • Power line 16A-16C guided phase determine the micro-switches 2A-2C their opening state and transmit it immediately via the common bus 24 to all other protection devices 1A-1C. Alternatively or in addition the transmission can also take place via the communication chain. Thus, each protection device 1A-1C is informed within the period of the three-phase current which microswitches 2A-2C are open or closed.
  • the control unit 6B of the second protection device 1B will open the microswitch 2B thereof when the obtained information on the opening states is longer than the maximum opening value for the first second protection device 1B stops.
  • the control unit 6A of the first protection device 1A will not open its microswitch 2A because the opening maximum value for the first protection device 1A is higher than for the second protection device 1B and thus no other protection device 1B, IC after opening the proximity switch 2B of the second protection device 1B besides the first protection device 1A, more has a closed microswitch 2B, 2C.
  • This operating mode lends itself when, for example, a three-phase electric motor (not shown) is to be started and operated in the electric circuit 17A.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de protection (1) qui comprend un microcontact (2) câblé en série avec un fusible (3) ou un disjoncteur, un module de mesure d'intensité (5), un module mémoire (4) et un module de commande (6). Le module mémoire (4) stocke au moins une plage de valeurs d'intensité. Le module de mesure d'intensité (5) est adapté pour mesurer des intensités dans l'appareil de protection (1) et pour générer des valeurs de courant représentatives des intensités mesurées. Le module de commande (6) est adapté pour traiter les valeurs de courant, pour ouvrir le microcontact (2) lorsqu'une valeur du courant se situe dans la plage de valeurs d'intensité et pour refermer le microcontact (2) après son ouverture. L'invention concerne en outre un système de protection de circuits électriques qui comporte plusieurs des appareils de protection (1) précités, ainsi que des procédés de commande dudit système de protection.
EP15713376.0A 2014-04-07 2015-03-21 Appareil et système de protection de circuits électriques ainsi que procédé de commande du système de protection Withdrawn EP3130048A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014004912.4A DE102014004912A1 (de) 2014-04-07 2014-04-07 Schutzgerät und Schutzsysteme für Stromkreise sowie Verfahren zur Steuerung des Schutzsystems
PCT/EP2015/000621 WO2015154850A1 (fr) 2014-04-07 2015-03-21 Appareil et système de protection de circuits électriques ainsi que procédé de commande du système de protection

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EP3130048A1 true EP3130048A1 (fr) 2017-02-15

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EP15713376.0A Withdrawn EP3130048A1 (fr) 2014-04-07 2015-03-21 Appareil et système de protection de circuits électriques ainsi que procédé de commande du système de protection

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Country Link
US (1) US10424910B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3130048A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6629292B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN106575866A (fr)
DE (1) DE102014004912A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015154850A1 (fr)

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US20170025845A1 (en) 2017-01-26
WO2015154850A1 (fr) 2015-10-15
CN106575866A (zh) 2017-04-19
US10424910B2 (en) 2019-09-24
JP6629292B2 (ja) 2020-01-15
DE102014004912A1 (de) 2015-10-08
JP2017516281A (ja) 2017-06-15

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