EP3127669A1 - Method for manufacturing wooden components - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for producing wooden components, wherein in the method: a first wooden lamella (1) is provided on at least one of its flat broad sides (11) and / or on at least one of its narrow sides (12) with an adhesive, and the first wooden lamella is glued to a second wooden lamella, to form a block (3) of a plurality of wooden lamellae (1), wherein at least the first wooden lamella during bonding is in a wet state.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing wooden components according to the preamble of claim 1.

In the prior art it is known to glue wood slats on their broad sides and to create a wood slat block by attaching to other wood slats. This wooden lamella block is typically the starting point for the production of solid and wood-based panels, glued laminated timber, cross-laminated timber, construction shuttering panels or support plates for the parquet industry.

The invention is based on the object of developing the method known in the prior art in order to achieve the same results more cost-effectively and less laboriously.

This object is achieved by the method having the features of claim 1.

According to the inventive method for the production of wood components, at least one first wood sipe on at least one of its broadsides and / or at at least one of its narrow sides is preferably provided with at least one adhesive along its longitudinal axis, and the first wooden lamella is adhesively bonded to a second lamella in order to form a block of a plurality of wooden lamellae. The method is further characterized in that at least the first wooden lamella is in a wet state during bonding.

The term "wet" is understood according to the present invention, the range of wood moisture over the so-called fiber saturation region.

The fiber saturation region (also: fiber saturation point) denotes a certain moisture state of wood. Below the fiber saturation range, moisture is only incorporated into the cell walls as bound water. At a moisture content above fiber saturation, wood can absorb more moisture in the lumens of its cells only in the form of free water, which has little effect on its physical and mechanical properties. However, if the moisture content changes below the fiber saturation, this has a decisive influence on its properties. B. to swell or disappear. The fiber saturation range is species-specific and is between 24% and 32% wood moisture for most woods. Since the wood moisture describes the ratio of the water mass in the wood to the mass of dry-dehydrated wood, but the fiber saturation region in light wood species such. B. balsa wood are well over 50% wood moisture

The block produced by the method according to the invention may consist exclusively of wood slats glued in a wet state. In the process, however, dry wood slats may be used, i. Wood slats that are not "wet" in the context of the present invention.

The process can be carried out so that dry and wet wooden lamellae are used alternately or randomly mixed.

By sticking in a wet state, the so-called wet bonding, it is not necessary according to the inventive method to use exclusively dried wood slats for the production of wood components, as is customary in the prior art. This reduces the storage time of the wood slats and thus contributes to a total cost reduction of the process.

The process may be carried out using dry, wet, rough, calibrated, brushed, ground, leveled or planed wood laths alternately or randomly mixed.

Preferably, the block consisting of at least two glued-together wooden lamellae is separated along a plane in order to obtain a monolayer solid wood panel. The separation of the block is typically carried out in a plane which is perpendicular to the flat broad side of a wooden slat.

According to a further development of the method according to the invention, the block or the single-layer solid wood panel contained in the separation of the block is subsequently dried, the aid of a drying apparatus preferably being used for this purpose.

This applies accordingly to all other plates or blocks formed by the separation of the block.

Since the drying is now carried out only in an already glued state of several wooden slats, it is not necessary to supply the individual forming the block wood slats already in a dried state the process.

Preferably, the dried monolayer solid wood panel or other product obtained from the wet-glued block is further processed with or without further surface treatment.

According to another optional further development of the invention, the first wooden lamella is a sawn wood lamella. The use of a sawn wood slat is economically particularly advantageous since before performing any bonding operations are performed on the saw edge wood slat and the freshly sawn wood slat can be fed to the inventive method simply after their production.

This does not only apply to the first wooden lamella. Basically, the process can be carried out so that exactly one wooden slat, several wooden slats or all wooden slats of the block sawn, equalized, calibrated, brushed, sanded or planed.

According to an embodiment of the method, polyurethane is used as an adhesive in order to achieve bonding of the plurality of wooden lamellae to a block of lamellae. Polyurethane has proven to be a reliable adhesive for wood slats, which is inexpensive and not particularly demanding in its handling. It is particularly advantageous that polyurethane also guarantees a sufficiently strong bonding of the wood slats, which are in a wet state.

However, the invention is not limited to the use of polyurethane as an adhesive. In principle, all adhesive systems suitable for wet bonding can be used for wet block bonding.

Preferably, the bonding of the first wooden lamella to the second wooden lamella is an attachment of the two wooden lamellae to their respective broad sides or to their narrow sides. This means that the wood slat, which has two narrow sides, broad sides and end faces, is attached by means of the adhesive to another broad side or narrow side of another wood slat. Typically, the two wooden slats are pressed together. This can be done by a pressing machine.

Preferably, the adhesive is applied over its entire surface to the broad side and / or on the narrow side of the first wooden lamella and / or further wooden lamellae. However, it is also conceivable that the adhesive is attached only to certain areas of the broad side and / or the narrow side of the wood slat, for example, an edge region of the broad side and / or the narrow side is not provided with adhesive, since the adhesive in a pressing of the first Wooden slat is moved to the second wooden slat mostly in these edge areas by the pressure between the two wooden slats. The omission of these edge regions prevents squeezing out of the adhesive to the narrow sides or the end faces of the two pressed wooden slats.

According to a further modification of the method according to the invention the separation of the block is a sawing, which can be done by means of band saw or circular saw. Other sawing and separating methods are conceivable and encompassed by the invention.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the block has a length, wherein the wood slats used for the production of the block also have this length or are composed of shorter wooden slats which are shorter than said length and which adjoin one another with their end faces with or without gluing ,

The individual layers of the block can, but need not therefore be made of full-length wood laths, i. from "one-piece" wooden slats. The layers can also be composed of shorter wooden slats, i. from wooden slats whose length is smaller than that of the block.

These shorter wooden slats can be stumped together with their front sides or, for example, with a finger jointing. Other embodiments of the end faces are conceivable and encompassed by the invention.

The butt joint or the finger jointing etc. can be done without or with Klebstoffautrag between the end faces.

The block may consist of an Auführungsform in the thickness direction of only one or several wooden slats, which adjoin each other with their narrow sides with or without gluing. That the block consists in one embodiment only of wooden slats, which are interconnected via their broad sides, in another embodiment, only of wooden slats, which are connected to each other via the narrow sides and in another embodiment of wooden slats, which are interconnected via their narrow sides and their broad sides are.

The adjoining the narrow sides wood slats are referred to in the present invention as adjacent wood slats.

The adjacent wooden slats can be stumped together with their narrow sides or connected to one another by means of a finger jointing.

Other profiles of the narrow sides and / or the end faces of the wood slats are conceivable and encompassed by the invention, such as e.g. a keyway formwork, a change-over formwork or a Spitzkammschalung or a tongue and groove profiling. Other milled or sawn profiles are also included in the invention.

Furthermore, the invention also includes a wooden component for the production of which a method according to one of the preceding claims has been used.

• Fig. 1: eine Illustration des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens anhand von drei Schritten, um ausgehend von einer Holzlamelle zu einer Einschicht-Massivholzplatte zu gelangen,
• Fig. 2: eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Blockes mit über Stumpfstoß verbundenenen Lamellen,
• Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Blockes mit über Keilzinkung verbundenenen Lamellen sowie eine Detaildarstellung der Keilzinkung,
• Fig. 4: eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Blockes mit nebeneinander liegenden Lamellen sowie Ansichten des Blockes auf dessen Stirnseite und Ansichten einer aus dem Block geschnittenen Massivholzplatte und eines Blocks,
• Fig. 5: perspektivische Ansichten von Blöcken mit unterschiedlich ausgeführten Schmalseiten sowie deren Detaildarstellungen.

Further features of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Showing:

• Fig. 1 FIG. 2: an illustration of the method according to the invention with the aid of three steps in order to arrive at a single-layer solid wood panel starting from a wooden lamella,
• Fig. 2 : a perspective view of a block with butt jointed blades,
• Fig. 3 a perspective view of a block with connected via finger joints lamellae and a detailed representation of the finger joint,
• Fig. 4 a perspective view of a block with adjacent lamellae and views of the block on the front side and views of a solid wood panel cut from the block and a block,
• Fig. 5 : perspective views of blocks with differently executed narrow sides as well as their detailed representations.

Fig. 1 (a) shows a wooden slat 1, with its broad side 11, the narrow side 13 and the end face 12. The broad side 11 and the narrow side 13 are aligned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the slat 1. The end face 12 is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the Holzmalle 1. The wood slat is typically sawn from a tree trunk.

The wooden slat 1 is now glued in a wet state with the aid of an adhesive to a block 3 having a plurality of wood slats 1. For this purpose, adhesive is applied to the broad side or to the broad side surface 11 of the wooden lamella 1 and a second wooden lamella 2 is added thereto. In contrast to the prior art, in this case a wet bonding is carried out, so the wood slat did not first undergo a drying process or waited until the wood slab has become dry by itself.

Fig. 1 (b) shows a block 3 of several wooden slats 1, 2.

It is essential for the invention that the gluing of the wood slats 1, 2 for producing the block 3 in a wet state of the first wood slat 1 and / or the second wood slat attached thereto 2 takes place, as a result, the advantages listed above can be achieved.

Fig. 1 (c) shows a single-layer solid wood panel 4, which is obtained by the separation of the block 3.

The separation or sawing of the block 3 takes place substantially in such a way that the block 3 is removed slice by slice. In this case, the separation plane is not parallel to the broad side 11 of a single wooden slat 1, 2. In the in Fig. 1 (c) In the embodiment illustrated, the separation plane is oriented perpendicular to the broad side 11 of a wooden lamella 1, 2.

The monolayer solid wood panels 4 obtained after the separation of the block 3 can then be dried. After drying, the monolayer solid wood panels 4 are further processed to corresponding solid wood products. This may be e.g. to trade single - and multi - layer panels, cross laminated timber or other glued wooden products.

The main advantage of the invention is based on the bonding of the individual wood slats in the wet state. Wet state here means the use of a wooden slat 1, 2 which is not completely dried.

Fig. 2 shows a block 3, the lamellae 1, which extend over the full block length L, as well as fins 5, which are made shorter.

These shorter slats 5 can be stumped together in the block bonding at the front ends of the slats 5, so that butt joints S arise.

An adhesive can be used between the butt ends which abut each other but it is also conceivable to form the butt joints S without an adhesive.

The lengths of the fins 5 may be e.g. ¼, ½, ¼ or 1/3, 1/3, 1/3, etc., so that the result is a full block length L in the sum.

The butt joints S are preferably offset from one another, as is the case Fig. 2 evident.

Fig. 3 (a) also shows a block 3, which has lamellae 5, which are made shorter than the full block length L.

These shorter blades 5 are at their ends by means of a finger joint K in conjunction, as is apparent from Fig. 3 evident.

An adhesive can be used between the front ends of the lamellae 5 connected via a finger jointing K, but it is also conceivable to form the finger jointing K without an adhesive.

The lengths of the fins 5 may be e.g. ¼, ½, or 1/3, 1/3, 1/3, etc., so that the sum is a full block length L. Also, the use of over the entire block length L extending slats is conceivable.

Fig. 3 (b) shows the range of finger jointing between two blades 5 in an enlarged view.

Out Fig. 4 is a block structure with adjacent, ie on the narrow sides 13 related to each other slats visible.

While the FIGS. 1 to 3 refer to block structures from a layer of slats, which are connected to each other with their broad sides, shows Fig. 4 an embodiment in which the slats are not only with their broadsides, but also with their narrow sides with adjacent slats in combination.

Fig. 4 (b) shows a block 3, which has a thickness D, which results from the sum of the width B of two blades 5. The lamellae 5 can be connected to one another at the end by means of a butt joint S and / or by means of finger jointing K.

In principle, a block produced by the method according to the invention can only consist of lamellae which extend over the entire block length L, only of shorter, frontally adjacent lamellae or of a combination of the two types of lamellae.

Fig. 4 (a) shows the end faces of different blocks, which are constructed either only of slats that are connected to their broadsides or slats that are connected to both their broad sides and with their narrow sides.

Also, the invention comprises a block which is constructed only of lamellae, which is connected to each other only on the narrow sides.

If lamellae are used which are connected to one another at their narrow sides, they can have an identical width B or different widths B.

The term "connected" in the context of the present invention comprises both the case in which the lamellae are connected to one another via an adhesive connection, as well as the case that they are in contact with one another without an adhesive bond.

Fig. 4 (c) shows a 1-layer solid wood panel, which was obtained by the block 3 according to Fig. 4 (b) was sawn along the lines A.

Fig. 4 (d) FIG. 12 shows a block obtained thereby that the block 3 according to FIG Fig. 4 (b) was separated in a direction perpendicular thereto.

The adjacent slats 5 according to Fig. 4 (b) can butt on their narrow sides in the longitudinal direction with or without adhesive to each other or be connected to a finger joint, not shown.

Fig. 5 (a) shows possible profile shapes of the narrow sides of the slats and Fig. 5 (b) a detailed view of the joints of the slats.

The lamellae 5 can on the narrow sides in the longitudinal direction by means of a milled or sawn profile, eg tongue / groove, Spitzkammschalung ( Fig. 5 (b) , below), keyway formwork ( Fig. 5 (b) , above), alternate formwork ( Fig. 5 (b) , middle) or other profile shapes with or without adhesive.

Claims (15)

Method for the production of wooden components, wherein in the method: a first wooden lamella (1) is provided on at least one of its flat broad sides (11) and / or on at least one of its narrow sides (13) with an adhesive, and the first wooden lamella (1) glued to a second wooden lamella (2) to form a block (3) of a plurality of wooden lamellae (1, 2),
characterized in that at least the first wooden lamella (1) is in a wet state during bonding. A method according to claim 1, wherein the block (3) is separated along a plane which is preferably substantially perpendicular to the flat broad side (11) of the first wooden lamella (1) to obtain a monolayer solid wood panel (4). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the block (3) or the single-layer solid wood panel (4) is subsequently dried, preferably by means of a drying device. A method according to claim 3, wherein the dried monolayer solid wood panel (4) is further processed with or without further surface treatment. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein one, several or all of the block (3) forming wood slats (1, 2) sawn, calibrated, brushed, ground, leveled or planed wood slats (1, 2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein all, several or only one of the block (3) forming wood slats (1, 2) are in a wet state during bonding. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein polyurethane or another adhesive suitable for wet bonding is used as adhesive. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bonding of the first wooden lamella (1) to the second wooden lamella (2) is an attachment of the two Wooden lamellae (1, 2) at their respective broad sides (11) and / or at the respective narrow sides (13). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adhesive is applied over its entire area to the broad side (11) and / or to the narrow side (13) of the first wooden lamella (1). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the separation of the block (3) is a sawing, which takes place by means of band saw or circular saw. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the block (3) has a length (L) and wherein the wooden lamellae (1, 2) used for the production of the block (3) also have this length (L) or consist of shorter wooden lamellas (5 ) which are shorter than said length (L) and which adjoin one another with their end faces (12) with or without gluing. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the shorter wooden lamellae (5) are stumped together with their end faces (12) or connected to one another by means of a finger jointing. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the block (3) in the thickness direction consists only of one (1, 2) or a plurality of wooden slats (6, 7) which adjoin one another with their narrow sides (13) with or without gluing. A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the juxtaposed wooden slats (6, 7) with their narrow sides (13) are butted together or connected by means of a finger jointing. Wood component for the production of a method has been used according to one of the preceding claims.

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