EP3122793A1 - Polymères amphiphiles multibloc - Google Patents
Polymères amphiphiles multiblocInfo
- Publication number
- EP3122793A1 EP3122793A1 EP15709711.4A EP15709711A EP3122793A1 EP 3122793 A1 EP3122793 A1 EP 3122793A1 EP 15709711 A EP15709711 A EP 15709711A EP 3122793 A1 EP3122793 A1 EP 3122793A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- monomers
- meth
- acrylate
- polymer
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/56—Acrylamide; Methacrylamide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/26—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents anionic
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/38—Polymerisation using regulators, e.g. chain terminating agents, e.g. telomerisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F293/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule
- C08F293/005—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerisation on to a macromolecule having groups capable of inducing the formation of new polymer chains bound exclusively at one or both ends of the starting macromolecule using free radical "living" or "controlled" polymerisation, e.g. using a complexing agent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of amphiphilic polymers useful in particular as modifiers for surface or interface properties.
- amphiphilic copolymers of the diblock type which comprise two blocks of radically opposite natures, namely a first substantially hydrophobic block bound to a clearly hydrophilic block. Due to the presence of two very distinct blocks, these copolymers are particularly active at a surface / interface. In return, however, because of the very different nature of the two blocks, these copolymers tend to self-assemble, typically to form micelles or other objects, where the polymers are no longer available to provide surface modification. /interface. In aqueous medium for example, these polymers have a clear tendency to see their hydrophobic blocks interact strongly in the selfassembled structure which is somehow 'frozen' kinetically (the blocks typically associate relatively irreversibly in the heart of the micelles ).
- amphiphilic polymers of statistical type less clearly polarized. These are generally polymer chains predominantly containing hydrophilic units, in which are strongly dispersed strongly hydrophobic units present in small numbers. With this type of amphiphilic polymer, the risk of self-association is lower and it is possible, in absolute terms, to modulate the overall physicochemical properties taking into account the combined presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic units. Nevertheless, because of the statistical nature of these copolymers, it is often difficult to finely control these properties and this in particular for high mass polymers. In addition, as a general rule, statistical polymers are not anchored optimally on the surfaces or interfaces, which can notably result in a loss of performance over time, or even an insufficient efficiency for certain applications.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a new type of polymer that both limits the risk of self-assembly while optimizing polymer reactivity to ensure effective surface or interface modification.
- the present invention provides access to typically low molecular weight polymers which can be obtained according to a controlled radical polymerization process conducted under specific conditions.
- the subject of the present invention is a process for the preparation of a polymer which preferably has a molecular weight in weight Mw of less than 300 000 g / mol, in particular of between 1000 and 300 000 g / mol.
- This mass is, for example, greater than 100,000 g / mol, and, independently, it is advantageously less than 300,000 g / mol
- a polymerization step (E) in which an aqueous medium is brought into contact (M).
- M aqueous medium
- surfactants are dispersed micelles of surfactants:
- hydrophilic monomers - M1 ethylenically unsaturated monomers predominantly present in the aqueous medium, hereinafter referred to as "hydrophilic monomers";
- ethylenically unsaturated monomers M2 which are distinct from the hydrophilic monomers, present at least in part within the micelles of surfactants, and which have a solubility in the aqueous medium (M) at the temperature of implementation of step (E) at least equal to that of hexyl acrylate, hereinafter referred to as "partially water-soluble hydrophobic monomers";
- At least one radical polymerization initiator preferably water-soluble or water-dispersible
- At least one radical polymerization control agent at least one radical polymerization control agent.
- the invention relates to the polymers of the type obtained according to the aforementioned method, the mass of which can be finely controlled by means of the preparation method of the invention, as well as different uses of these polymers, described in more detail. hereinafter, in particular as surface modifiers, surfactants, dispersants or associative thickeners.
- the polymers as obtained according to the above-mentioned step (E) have a very specific structure which combines the advantages of a block structure and of a statistical structure:
- step (E) allows a controlled orientation of the distribution of the monomers, with a "multiblock” type structure, namely with an alternation of blocks-like areas, alternatively hydrophobic and hydrophilic, with a direct effect on the effectiveness of the polymer (surface / interface modification, anchoring on the surface / interface).
- This "multiblock” type structure is superior to a statistical structure, wherein the partially water-soluble hydrophobic monomer units are separated by long segments of hydrophilic monomers.
- the effect of partially water-soluble hydrophobic monomer units is optimized, which is reflected in particular in terms of improving the anchoring strength of the polymers;
- step (E) also leads to a dispersion of hydrophobic units in the hydrophilic zones, with an associated modulation effect which is close to that authorized with statistical polymerization control of this modulation is further improved by the use of the control agent.
- step (E) makes it possible to obtain the polymers of controlled mass, which can in particular be chosen low, with typically a lower mass (Mw). at 300,000g / mol or even 250,000g / mol.
- the term "molecular weight”, or “molar mass”, denoted by Mw means the average mass of a population of polymers defined by the average of the molecular weights of the polymer chains weighted by the mass of the each length.
- Mw means the average mass of a population of polymers defined by the average of the molecular weights of the polymer chains weighted by the mass of the each length.
- the Mw of a polymer population can typically be measured by chromatography, typically by GPC or HPLC.
- step (E) Interesting conditions of implementation of step (E) are described in more detail below.
- ethylenically unsaturated monomers having a solubility in water sufficient for the M2 monomers to be present in a significant way in the aqueous medium (M) of step (E), but nevertheless sufficiently low for a non-negligible part (and in general clearly majority) of these monomers M2 is present within the micelles.
- the monomers M2 have a solubility in the aqueous medium (M) of at least or equal to that of a hexyl acrylate, preferably greater than or equal to 100 ppm, that is to say at least 0.01 g / 100 g in water at the temperature of implementation of step (E), this solubility in the aqueous medium (M) preferably being greater than or equal to 500 ppm (0.05 g / 100 g in water at the setting temperature). artwork).
- the solubility of the monomers M2 the aqueous medium (M) remains below 20,000 ppm.
- solubility in water is between the aforementioned values (typically between 100 ppm and 20,000 ppm), but it is understood that monomers having a solubility in water of Outside this range may be employed: depending on the exact nature of the aqueous medium of step (E); possible presence of additives or solvents in particular), the solubility in the aqueous medium (M) may differ significantly with respect to the solubility in water.
- the monomers M2 have a log P less than or equal to 3.3 and this LogP advantageously remains in general greater than or equal to 1, 2.
- LogP is the base logarithm of the ratio of the concentrations of the test substance in octanol and water.
- vinylaromatic monomers such as styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, parachloromethylstyrene, vinyltoluene, 2-methylstyrene and 4-methylstyrene 2- (n-butyl) styrene, p-styrene carboxylic acid (p-styrene carboxylic acid is particularly useful);
- ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono-, dicarboxylic acid esters with C 2 -C 12 -alkanols for example, methyl methacrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl ethacrylate, meth) n-propyl acrylate, isopropyl (meth) acrylate, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, ethacrylate tert-butyl, n-hexyl (meth) acrylate, n-heptyl (meth) acrylate, n-octyl (meth) acrylate, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl (meth) acrylate , ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate,
- esters of vinyl or allyl alcohol with C1-C12 monocarboxylic acids for example, vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl laurate, vinyl propionate, vinyl versatate and mixtures thereof;
- ethylenically unsaturated nitriles such as acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile and mixtures thereof;
- esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with C4-C12 alkanediols for example, 3-hydroxybutyl acrylate, 3-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate 4-hydroxybutyl methacrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl acrylate, 6-hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, 3-hydroxy-2-ethylhexyl acrylate and 3-hydroxy-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate;
- N-vinyllactams and its derivatives such as N-vinyl-5-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-6-methyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-6-ethyl-2-piperidone, N-vinyl-7-methyl-2-caprolactam and N-vinyl-7-ethyl-2-caprolactam;
- esters of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with amino alcohols for example N, N-dimethylaminocyclohexyl (meth) acrylate; amides of ⁇ , ⁇ -ethylenically unsaturated mono- and dicarboxylic acids with diamines comprising at least one primary or secondary amino group, for example for example, N- [2- (diethylamino) ethyl] acrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] acrylamide, N- [4- (dimethylamino) cyclohexyl] methacrylamide; and
- C2-C8 monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, isobutylene and nonaromatic hydrocarbons comprising at least two conjugated double bonds, for example isoprene or butadiene.
- the monomers M2 used according to the invention are chosen from:
- alpha-beta unsaturated C1-C8 alkyl preferably C2-6 alkyl, especially alkyl acrylates and methacrylates, such as methyl acrylates and methacrylate, ethyl, butyl, hexyl;
- alpha-beta unsaturated C 1 -C 8 alkyl alkyl preferably C 2 -C 6 alkyl, especially alkyl acrylamide and methacrylamide, such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, hexyl;
- vinyl or allyl alcohol esters of saturated carboxylic acids such as acetate, propionate, versatate, vinyl or allyl;
- alpha olefins and conjugated dienes alpha olefins and conjugated dienes
- the partially water-soluble hydrophobic monomers of step (E) are chosen from ethyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl ethacrylate, n-propyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) acrylate and isopropyl, n-butyl (meth) acrylate, sec-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl (meth) acrylate, tert-butyl ethacrylate or n-hexyl acrylate ,.
- the micelles of surfactants containing the monomers M2 employed in step (E) may be based on any suitable surfactant.
- any suitable surfactant such as butanol, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethylene glycol dim
- alkyl ester sulfonates for example of the formula R-CH (SO 3 M) -CH 2 COOR 2 or alkyl ester sulphates, for example of formula R-CH (OSO 3 M) -CH 2 COOR ', where R represents a C 8 alkyl radical; C 2 o, preferably C 10 -C 16 , R 'is a C 1 -C 6 alkyl, preferably C 1 -C 3 alkyl, and M is an alkaline earth metal cation, for example sodium, or the cation ammonium. Mention may in particular be made of methyl ester sulphonates whose radical R is C 14 -C 16 ;
- alkylbenzenesulfonates more particularly C 9 -C 2 o, primary or secondary alkylsulfonates, especially C 8 -C 2 2, alkylglycerol sulfonates; alkyl sulphates, for example of formula ROSO 3 M, in which R represents a C 10 -C 24 alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical, preferably C 12 -C 2 o; M a cation of the same definition as above;
- alkylamides sulfates for example of formula RCONHR'OSO 3 M where R represents a C 2 -C 22 alkyl radical, preferably C 6 -C 20 , R 'a C 2 -C 3 alkyl radical, M representing a cation of the same definition as above, and their polyalkoxylated derivatives (ethoxylated and / or propoxylated) (alkylamidoether sulfates;
- saturated or unsaturated fatty acid salts for example those such as C 8 -C 24 , preferably C 14 -C 20 and an alkaline earth metal cation, N-acyl N-alkyltaurates, alkylisethionates, alkylsuccinamates and alkylsulfosuccinates, alkyl glutamates, monoesters or diesters of sulfosuccinates, N-acyl sarcosinates, polyethoxycarboxylates;
- the nonionic surfactants may be chosen from: alkoxylated fatty alcohols; for example, laureth-2, laureth-4, laureth-7, oleth-20, alkoxylated triglycerides, alkoxylated fatty acids, alkoxylated sorbitan esters, alkoxylated fatty amines, alkoxylated di (1-phenylethyl) phenols, alkoxylated tri (1-phenylethyl) phenols, alkoxylated alkyl phenols, products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide with a hydrophobic compound resulting from the condensation of propylene oxide with propylene glycol, such as Pluronic marketed by BASF; the products resulting from the condensation of ethylene oxide the compound resulting from the condensation of propylene oxide with ethylenediamine, such as Tetronic marketed by BASF; alkylpolyglycosides such as those described in US 4565647 or alkylglucosides
- amphoteric surfactants (true amphoteric comprising an ionic group and a potentially ionic group of opposite charge, or zwitterionic simultaneously comprising two opposite charges) may be:
- betaines generally, especially carboxybetaines from, for example, lauryl betaine (Mirataine BB from Rhodia) or octylbetaine or cocobetaine (Mirataine BB-FLA from Rhodia); amidoalkyl betaines, such as cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) (Mirataine BDJ from Rhodia or Mirataine BET C-30 from Rhodia);
- CAPB cocamidopropyl betaine
- sulfo-betaines or sultaines such as cocamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine (Mirataine CBS from Rhodia);
- alkylamphoacetates and alkylamphodiacetates such as for example comprising a coconut chain, lauryl (Miranol C2M Conc NP, C32, L32 in particular, from Rhodia);
- alkylamphopropionates or alkylamphodipropionates (Miranol C2M SF); alkyl amphohydroxypropyl sultaines (Miranol CS),
- alkyl amine oxide for example lauramine oxide (INCI);
- the cationic surfactants may be the salts of primary, secondary or tertiary fatty amines, optionally polyethoxylated, quaternary ammonium salts such as chlorides or bromides of tetraalkylammonium, alkylamidoalkylammonium, trialkylbenzylammonium, trialkylhydroxyalkylammonium, or alkylpyridinium, imidazoline derivatives, amine oxides of cationic character.
- An example of a cationic surfactant is cetrimonium chloride or bromide (INCI).
- the surfactants employed according to the present invention may be block copolymers containing at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block distinct from the hydrophilic block, advantageously obtained according to a polymerization process in which:
- step (ai) the polymer obtained at the end of step (a 0 ) is brought into contact with at least one hydrophobic monomer (respectively hydrophilic) distinct from the monomer employed in step (a 0 ) and at least one source of free radicals;
- Polymers of the triblock type, or more comprising blocks may optionally be obtained by employing, after step (a1), a step (a 2 ) in which the polymer obtained at the end of the process is brought into contact with each other.
- step (a1) with at least one monomer distinct from the monomer employed in step (a- ⁇ ) and at least one source of free radicals; and more generally, by implementing (n + 1) steps of the type of the above steps (a 1 and (a 2 ) and n is an integer ranging typically from 1 to 3, where in each step (a n ), with n ⁇ 1: the polymer obtained at the end of step (a n-1 ) is brought into contact with at least one monomer distinct from the monomer employed in step (a n-1 ) and at least one source of According to the invention, it is possible, for example, to use copolymers of the type described in WO03068827, WO03068848 and WO2005 / 021612.
- the monomers M2 are found within surfactant micelles formed in step (E) where this surfactant is introduced at a concentration greater than its critical micelle concentration (cmc).
- the monomers M2 may be monomers which, in themselves, have the property of forming micelles without the need to add additional surfactants (so-called "self-micellizable monomers" in the rest of the description) .
- the surfactant employed can be the self-micellizable hydrophobic monomer itself, employed without any other surfactant, although the presence of such an additional surfactant is not excluded.
- this concept encompasses both (i) hydrophobic monomers present in surfactant micelles distinct from these monomers than (ii) monomers that can be auto-mellable Forming by themselves micelles in an aqueous medium.
- the two modes (i) and (ii) above are compatible and can coexist (hydrophobic monomers in micelles formed by another self-micellizable monomer for example, or else micelles comprising a combination of surfactants and monomers autorélicisables) .
- the aqueous medium (M) used in step (E) is a medium comprising water, preferably at least 50% by weight, or even at least 80%, for example at least 90%, or at least 95%.
- This aqueous medium may optionally comprise other solvents than water, for example a water-miscible alcohol.
- the medium (M) may be, for example, a hydroalcoholic mixture.
- the medium (M) may comprise other solvents, preferably at a concentration where said solvent is miscible with water, which may in particular make it possible to reduce the amount of stabilizing surfactants employed.
- the medium (M) may comprise pentanol, or any other additive for modulating the aggregation number of the surfactants.
- the medium (M) it is preferable for the medium (M) to be a continuous phase of water and consisting of one or more solvents and / or additives that are miscible with each other and in water at the concentrations in which they are used.
- radical polymerization control agent is meant, in the sense of the present description, a compound capable of extending the life of the growing polymer chains in a polymerization reaction and to confer on the polymerization a living or controlled character .
- This control agent is typically a reversible transfer agent as implemented in the controlled radical polymerizations designated under the terminology RAFT or MADIX, which typically implement a method of transfer reversible addition-fragmentation, such as those described for example in WO96 / 30421, WO 98/01478, WO 99/35178, WO 98/58974, WO 00/75207, WO 01/42312, WO 99/35177, WO 99/31144, FR2794464 or WO 02/26836.
- the compound comprises several xanthates.
- Other types of control agent can be envisaged (for example of the type used in ATRP or NMP).
- control agent employed in step (E) may be a polymer chain resulting from a controlled radical polymerization and carrying a group capable of controlling a radical polymerization (so-called "living" polymer chain ", Of a type well known in itself).
- This polymer capable of acting both as a control agent for the polymerization and as a monomer in step (E), is also referred to as "prepolymer" in the following description.
- the control agent used in step (E) may advantageously be a prepolymer carrying a thiocarbonylthio-S group.
- micellar solution is not suitable for penetrating the micelles of the micellar solution.
- control agent is both soluble (or dispersible) in the aqueous medium (M), and able to penetrate part of the micelles of the micellar solution.
- step (E °) prior to step (E) schematically allows to hydrophilize a large number of control agents carrying thiocarbonylthio functions (for example xanthate, which are rather hydrophobic by nature), converting soluble or dispersible pre-polymers in the medium (M) of step (E).
- a pre-polymer synthesized in step (E °) has a short polymer chain, for example comprising a sequence of less than 50, or less than 25 monomer units, for example between 2 and 15.
- the monomers (MO) are (meth) acrylic acid monomers (whereby the control agent is a poly (meth) acrylic acid carrier of at least one xanthate group and the polymer having the specific structure obtained according to step (E) with, in addition, a poly (meth) acrylic acid block bonded to one of its ends.
- control agent carries a single thiocarbonylthio group.
- control agent may carry several thiocarbonylthio groups.
- control agent can for example respond to formula (A) below:
- a polymer chain preferably hydrophilic or hydrodispersible when the agent is implemented in step (E).
- the groups or Z when substituted, may be substituted with optionally substituted phenyl groups, optionally substituted aromatic groups, saturated or unsaturated carbon rings, saturated or unsaturated heterocycles, or groups: alkoxycarbonyl or aryloxycarbonyl (-COOR), carboxy (-COOH), acyloxy (-O2CR), carbamoyl (-CONR2), cyano (-CN), alkylcarbonyl , alkylarylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, arylalkylcarbonyl, phthalimido, maleimido, succinimido, amidino, guanidimo, hydroxy (-OH), amino (-NR2), halogen, perfluoroalkyl C n F 2n + 1, allyl, epoxy, alkoxy (-OR), S- alkyl, S-aryl, groups having a hydrophilic or ionic character such as alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids, alkaline salts of sul
- the group R 1 is hydrophilic in nature.
- it is a water-soluble or water-dispersible polymer chain.
- the group R1 may alternatively be amphiphilic, namely present both a hydrophilic and lipophilic character. It is preferable that R1 is not hydrophobic.
- R 1 can typically be a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, preferably substituted.
- a control agent of formula (A) used in step (E °) may nevertheless comprise other types of R- ⁇ groups, in particular a ring or a polymer chain.
- the optionally substituted alkyl, acyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkyne groups generally have 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 12, and more preferably 1 to 9 carbon atoms. They can be linear or branched. They may also be substituted by oxygen atoms, in particular esters, sulfur or nitrogen atoms.
- alkyl radicals mention may especially be made of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, octyl, decyl or dodecyl radical.
- the alkyne groups are radicals generally of 2 to 10 carbon atoms, they have at least one acetylenic unsaturation, such as the acetylenyl radical.
- the acyl group is a radical generally having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms with a carbonyl group.
- aryl radicals there may be mentioned the phenyl radical, optionally substituted in particular by a nitro or hydroxyl function.
- aralkyl radicals mention may especially be made of the benzyl or phenethyl radical, optionally substituted in particular by a nitro or hydroxyl function.
- this polymer chain may be derived from a radical or ionic polymerization or from a polycondensation.
- step (E °) it is particularly advantageous to use as control agents in this step a compound selected from xanthates, trithiocarbonates, dithiocarbamates, or dithiocarbazates.
- step (E °) using the aforementioned control agents are particularly interesting for the conduct of step (E).
- the monomers M1 employed in the process of the invention may comprise monomers chosen from:
- ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, sulphonic acids and phosphonic acids, and / or its derivatives such as acrylic acid (AA), methacrylic acid, ethacrylic acid, ⁇ -chloroacrylic acid, crotonic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, mesaconic acid, glutaconic acid, aconitic acid, fumaric acid, monoethylenically dicarboxylic acid monoesters unsaturated compounds having 1 to 3, preferably 1 to 2, carbon atoms, for example, monomethyl maleate, vinylsulfonic acid, (meth) allylsulfonic acid, sulfoethyl acrylate, methacrylate, sulfoethyl, sulfopropyl acrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxy-3-acryloyloxypropylsulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-3-acrylo
- N, N-diallylamine N, N-diallyl-N-alkylamines, their acid addition salts and their quaternization products, the alkyl used herein being preferably C1-C3-alkyl or benzyl; du, ⁇ -diallyl amino compounds and N, N-diallyl-N, N-dimethylammonium compounds, for example, chlorides and bromides; substituted nitrogenous heterocycles of vinyl and allyl, for example, N-vinylimidazole, N-vinyl-2-methylimidazole, substituted heteroaromatic compounds of vinyl and allyl, for example, 2- and 4-vinylpyridine, 2- and 4-allylpyridine, and their salts; - sulfobetaines; and mixtures and combination of two or more of the aforementioned monomers.
- these monomers may in particular comprise acrylic acid (AA).
- AA acrylic acid
- the monomers are all acrylic acids, but it is also conceivable to use as monomers a mixture comprising, inter alia, acrylic acid, mixed with other hydrophilic monomers.
- the monomers M1 of step (E) comprise (meth) acrylic acid monomers and / or (meth) acrylamido monomers.
- (meth) acrylic acid includes methacrylic acid, acrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
- the term “(meth) acrylate” includes methacrylate, acrylate and mixtures thereof.
- Monomers containing acid groups may be used for the polymerization in the form of the free acid or in the partially or completely neutralized form.
- neutralization it is possible to use, for example, KOH, NaOH, ammonia or other base.
- the M1 monomers employed in the process of the invention are acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid monomers, optionally wholly or partly in the form of salts.
- the monomers used in step (E) comprise (and typically consist of) (meth) acrylamide monomers, or more generally (meth) acrylamido monomers, including:
- acrylamido monomers namely, acrylamide, its sulphonate derivative
- AMPS quaternary ammonium
- ATAC quaternary ammonium
- sulfopropyl dimethylammonium propyl acrylamide 2-acryloylamino-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, is particularly interesting
- methacrylamido monomers such as, sulfopropyl dimethylammonium propyl methacrylamide (SPP), sulfohydroxypropyl dimethyl ammonium propyl methacrylamido.
- SPP sulfopropyl dimethylammonium propyl methacrylamide
- step (E) can be carried out at relatively high concentrations, typically at concentrations that would be sufficient to provide gel formation if step (E) was driving in the absence of a screening officer.
- the initial concentration of monomers in the reaction medium of step (E) may be up to 40% by weight, or even up to 50% by weight, this concentration generally remaining below 35% by mass relative to to the total mass of the reaction medium. Moreover, this concentration is preferably at least 0.1% by weight, and typically at least 0.3% by weight. For example, the initial concentration of monomers in the reaction medium of step (E) is between 0.5% and 30%, especially between 1 and 20% by weight relative to the total mass of the reaction medium.
- the monomers M1 used in step (E) are thermosensitive macromonomers, insoluble in water beyond a certain temperature (ie having a cloud point or cloud point). English), but soluble at a lower temperature, the step (E) being conducted at a temperature below the cloud point temperature.
- Macromonomers of this type typically have a polymerizable function of the (meth) acrylamido or (meth) acrylate type and a side chain composed of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide (random or block) chains, or based on N-isopropylacrylamide, or N-vinylcaprolactam. This embodiment gives particular access to the preparation of polymers having thermo-thickening properties, used for example in the oil industry.
- step (E) all the monomers M1 are dissolved and / or dispersed.
- the initiator of the radical polymerization is preferably water-soluble or water-dispersible. Apart from this preferential condition, it is possible to use, in step (E) and step (E °) of the process of the invention, any radical polymerization initiator (source of free radicals) known per se and adapted to the conditions chosen for these conditions. steps.
- radical polymerization initiator (initiator) employed according to the invention may for example be chosen from the initiators conventionally used in radical polymerization. It can be for example one of the following initiators:
- hydrogen peroxides such as tertiary butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyoctoate, t-butylperoxynethodecanoate and t-butylperoxyisobutarate; , lauroyl peroxide, t-amylperoxypivalte, t-butylperoxypivalate, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, azo compounds such as: 2-2'-azobis (isobutyronitrile), 2,2'-azobis (2-butanenitrile), 4,4'-azobis (4-pentanoic acid), 1,1 ' azobis (cyclohexane-carbonitrile), 2- (t-butylazo) -2-cyanopropane, 2,2'-azo
- alkali metal persulfates in combination with an arylphosphinic acid, such as benzene phosphonic acid and the like, and reducing sugars.
- an arylphosphinic acid such as benzene phosphonic acid and the like
- the amount of initiator to be used is preferably determined so that the amount of radicals generated is at most 50 mole%, preferably at most 1 mole%, based on the amount of the initiator. control or transfer agent.
- the radical polymerization initiator employed in step (E) may typically be a redox initiator, typically not requiring heating for its thermal initiation. It is typically a mixture of at least one oxidizing agent with at least one reducing agent.
- the oxidizing agent present in this redox system is preferably a water-soluble agent.
- This oxidizing agent may for example be chosen from peroxides, such as: hydrogen peroxide, tertiary butyl peroxide, cumene peroxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyoctoate, t-butylperoxynéodécanoate, t-butylperoxyisobutarate, lauroyl peroxide, t-amylperoxypivalte, t-butylperoxypivalate, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide; sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, or even potassium bromate.
- peroxides such as: hydrogen peroxide, tertiary butyl peroxide, cumene peroxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butylperoxyoc
- the reducing agent present in the redox system is also preferably a water-soluble agent.
- This reducing agent can typically be selected from sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (especially in its dihydrate form, known as Rongalit or in the form of an anhydride), ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, sulphites, bisulphites or metasulfites (in particular sulphites, bisulphites or metasulfites of alkali metals), nitrilotrispropionamides, and tertiary amines and ethanolamines (preferably water-soluble).
- Possible redox systems include combinations such as:
- alkali metal bisulfite such as sodium metabisulphite
- alkali metal persulfates in combination with an arylphosphinic acid, such as benzene phosphonic acid and the like, and reducing sugars.
- An interesting redox system includes (and preferably consists of) the combination of ammonium persulfate and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate.
- reaction medium of step (E) is free of copper.
- a copper complexing agent such as EDTA
- the radical polymerization of step (E °) may be carried out in any appropriate physical form, for example in solution in water or in a solvent for example an alcohol or THF , in emulsion in water (so-called "latex" process), by mass, if necessary by controlling the temperature and / or the pH in order to make liquid species and / or soluble or insoluble.
- step (E) After implementation of step (E), taking into account the specific implementation of a control agent, polymers are obtained functionalized by transfer groups (living polymers). This living character allows, if desired, to use these polymers in a subsequent polymerization reaction, according to a technique well known per se.
- transfer groups for example by hydrolysis, ozonolysis, or reaction with amines, for example, but without limitation, according to a transformation reaction as described in Moad , Rizzardo. Polym. Int. 201 1, 60, 9-25.
- the process of the invention may comprise, after step (E), a step (E1) of hydrolysis, ozonolysis or reaction with amines, suitable for deactivating and / or or destroying all or part of the transfer groups present on the polymer prepared in step (E).
- the method of the invention may comprise, after step (E) (possibly before or after the aforementioned step (E1) if it is implemented) an additional step (E2) grafting at least one ethylenically unsaturated group on the polymer as obtained at the end of step (E) or step (E1), whereby polymers having an ethylenically functional function are obtained; unsaturated, which can therefore be employed as ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a radical polymerization reaction.
- step (E2) will be referred to as "macromonomers" in the following description.
- the step (E2) of grafting an ethylenically unsaturated group may be carried out according to any means known per se.
- this step (E2) can in particular be carried out as follows when the agent employed is a xanthate:
- the xanthate function present at the end of the chain of the polymer obtained at the end of step (E) or, where appropriate, step (E1) is converted into thiol function.
- This conversion can typically be carried out by the method described in Biomacromolecules 8.2950 (2007).
- the thiol group is then reacted with a dimethacrylate (a thiol-ene addition) to make a methacrylate-type macromonomer, for example, according to the method described in Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 47, 15, 373.
- the xanthate function carries a masked amine, typically a phthalimido present at the end of the polymer chain obtained at the end of step (E) or, if appropriate, the step ( E1).
- a masked amine typically a phthalimido present at the end of the polymer chain obtained at the end of step (E) or, if appropriate, the step ( E1).
- the synthesis of a xanthate with a phthalimido function is described in particular in Macromolecules, 39, 2006, 5307-5318.
- the phthalimido function is converted to an amino function by the method described in Macromolecules, 39, 2006, 5293-5306.
- the amine function is then reacted with the (meth) acrylic acid or anhydride to generate a (meth) acrylamido type macromonomer.
- the polymers as obtained at the end of step (E) and possible steps (E1) and / or (E2) described in the preceding paragraphs are, inter alia, useful for modifying a liquid / liquid interface, liquid / solid, liquid / gas, in particular for stabilizing an emulsion or a foam or for increasing or reducing the wettability of a solid surface. They can be used as dispersants for organic or mineral pigments.
- the polymers obtained at the end of step (E) and of the possible step (E1) described in the preceding paragraph may also be useful for the regulation of rheology liquid media in particular when the mass of polymers is sufficiently high, especially aqueous media.
- a polymer according to the invention may for example be used to modify the rheology of a cosmetic composition, a household product, a detergent composition, or a formulation intended for the field of agriculture. More specifically, the polymers as obtained according to the invention may be of interest as a rheology control agent in the field of oil and natural gas extraction. They can in particular be used for the constitution of drilling fluids, for fracturing, for stimulation and for enhanced oil recovery.
- the nature of the synthesizable polymers according to the present invention is extremely flexible, which allows a very important choice both on the backbone and on the presence of substituents, which can be judiciously chosen according to the applications envisaged for the polymer.
- the invention relates to the use of the polymers as obtained at the end of step (E2) as monomers (macromonomers) in a radical polymerization, preferably a controlled radical polymerization.
- the macromonomers as obtained according to step (E2) have one or more ethylenically unsaturated groups, typically a single unsaturated group at the end of the chain.
- This type of macromonomer can be copolymerized with other hydrophilic monomers to generate polymers which are typically of the comb type: the copolymerization most often leads to the formation of a linear polymer chain integrating the macromonomers ("base" of the comb), each of the macromonomers carrying a "multiblock” side chain as synthesized in step (E) ("tooth" of the comb). They can alternatively be used for the synthesis of star polymers.
- These macromonomers have interesting associative properties and they can especially be used in solutions or emulsions (direct or inverse).
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulphate
- Rhodixan A1 5% by weight in ethanol
- NaPS sodium persulfate (1% by weight in water)
- AE a hydrophobic monomer (AE, AB or AH as the case may be),
- NaPS sodium persulfate solution
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1400709A FR3018814B1 (fr) | 2014-03-24 | 2014-03-24 | Polymeres amphiphiles multibloc |
| PCT/EP2015/055436 WO2015144475A1 (fr) | 2014-03-24 | 2015-03-16 | Polymères amphiphiles multibloc |
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| EP3122793A1 true EP3122793A1 (fr) | 2017-02-01 |
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| EP15709711.4A Withdrawn EP3122793A1 (fr) | 2014-03-24 | 2015-03-16 | Polymères amphiphiles multibloc |
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| US (2) | US10450397B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3122793A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN106414528B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3018814B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015144475A1 (fr) |
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| FR3043083B1 (fr) * | 2015-10-30 | 2019-04-19 | Rhodia Operations | Polymeres sequences amphiphiles solubles en milieu fortement salin |
| EP3412691A1 (fr) * | 2017-06-07 | 2018-12-12 | Rhodia Operations | Dispersions de polymères pour l'inhibition de cire |
| CN108047455B (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-12-25 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学 | 用于抗原载体的两亲性超支化聚合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN108329483B (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2020-12-29 | 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学 | 两亲性超支化聚合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| CA3115384A1 (fr) * | 2018-10-11 | 2020-04-16 | Rhodia Operations | Dispersion polymere par polymerisation radicalaire controlee |
| CN113631682B (zh) * | 2018-11-02 | 2024-01-26 | 能源解决方案(美国)有限责任公司 | 用于在增产处理期间进行蜡抑制的聚合物分散体 |
| WO2020167599A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-11 | 2020-08-20 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Procédé de polymérisation par transfert d'iode et compositions obtenues à partir de ce dernier |
| JP7820306B2 (ja) * | 2020-04-30 | 2026-02-25 | ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー | Raft重合によるオレフィン-アクリレートブロックコポリマーを調製するためのプロセス |
| CN116970378B (zh) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-01 | 四川蜀宏悦能源科技有限公司 | 微泡修井液及其制备方法 |
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| JP2010139937A (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 静電潜像現像用トナーと画像形成方法 |
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| CN100549055C (zh) * | 2000-01-11 | 2009-10-14 | 西巴特殊化学品控股有限公司 | 来自原子转移自由基聚合的大分子单体的梳形聚合物 |
| FR2846973B1 (fr) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-12-17 | Rhodia Chimie Sa | Composition d'antifroissage comprenant un copolymere a architecture controlee, pour articles en fibres textiles |
| WO2005021612A1 (fr) * | 2003-09-03 | 2005-03-10 | Rhodia Inc | Nouveau copolymere a structure controlee et utilisation de celui-ci |
| FR2965264B1 (fr) * | 2010-09-27 | 2013-11-29 | Rhodia Operations | Polymerisation radicalaire controlee de n-vinyl lactames en milieu aqueux |
| BR112014009835B1 (pt) | 2011-10-24 | 2021-03-02 | Rhodia Operations | processo de preparação de polímeros em bloco anfifílicos por polimerização radicalar micelar controlada, polímero em bloco e utilização do polímero |
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| JP2010139937A (ja) * | 2008-12-15 | 2010-06-24 | Konica Minolta Business Technologies Inc | 静電潜像現像用トナーと画像形成方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20170096516A1 (en) | 2017-04-06 |
| FR3018814B1 (fr) | 2016-03-04 |
| US20200048391A1 (en) | 2020-02-13 |
| CN106414528B (zh) | 2020-04-10 |
| FR3018814A1 (fr) | 2015-09-25 |
| US11267923B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 |
| CN106414528A (zh) | 2017-02-15 |
| WO2015144475A1 (fr) | 2015-10-01 |
| US10450397B2 (en) | 2019-10-22 |
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