EP3115317B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln und entleeren von abfallbehältern - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum behandeln und entleeren von abfallbehältern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3115317B1
EP3115317B1 EP15380026.3A EP15380026A EP3115317B1 EP 3115317 B1 EP3115317 B1 EP 3115317B1 EP 15380026 A EP15380026 A EP 15380026A EP 3115317 B1 EP3115317 B1 EP 3115317B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gate
operator
container
type
gate operator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP15380026.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3115317A1 (de
Inventor
Albert Padullés Omedes
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Palvi SL
Original Assignee
Palvi SL
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Publication date
Application filed by Palvi SL filed Critical Palvi SL
Priority to EP15380026.3A priority Critical patent/EP3115317B1/de
Priority to ES15380026.3T priority patent/ES2659868T3/es
Priority to TR2018/02393T priority patent/TR201802393T4/tr
Priority to PCT/IB2016/000901 priority patent/WO2017006163A1/en
Publication of EP3115317A1 publication Critical patent/EP3115317A1/de
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Publication of EP3115317B1 publication Critical patent/EP3115317B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/12—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor with devices facilitating emptying
    • B65F1/125—Features allowing the receptacle to be lifted and emptied by its bottom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F1/00—Refuse receptacles; Accessories therefor
    • B65F1/14—Other constructional features; Accessories
    • B65F1/1452—Lifting, hoisting, elevating mechanisms or the like for refuse receptacles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65F—GATHERING OR REMOVAL OF DOMESTIC OR LIKE REFUSE
    • B65F3/00—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse
    • B65F3/02—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto
    • B65F3/0203—Vehicles particularly adapted for collecting refuse with means for discharging refuse receptacles thereinto with crane-like mechanisms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
    • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
    • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
    • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of devices for handling and emptying waste collection containers, and to methods for performing said operations, by means of a coupling head attached to a crane arm integrated in a waste collection vehicle, said coupling head allowing holding a container, lifting it and emptying it into said vehicle.
  • Devices for handling and emptying waste collection containers capable of being coupled to a handle of the container and capable of interacting with a gate operator of the container for causing the opening or closing of the gates of the container are known in the state of the art.
  • patent document DE29905551U1 describes a mechanism of this type, but in which the holding members are laterally fixed to the handle of the container with a fork configuration, which makes coupling thereof difficult and limits the capacities. Furthermore, the proposed solution is envisaged for vertically pulling on the gate operator of the container, but it would not be suitable for pushing said gate operator downwards.
  • Patent document EP1916218A1 also describes a similar mechanism which is not capable of adapting the holding members to different configurations.
  • US5014870A discloses a device and a method according to the preambles of claims 1 and 8, respectively.
  • the first and second holding members consist of moving hooks which allow gripping the handle and the gate operator, but it does not envisage that said moving hooks can be adapted to different handles or gate operators, or that said moving hooks can adopt a position in which they can act as a pushing stop for pushing the gate operator of the container.
  • Patent document EP1172308B1 which describes a device for handling and emptying containers is also known, but it lacks movable elements in the second holding member, which in this device is limited to a simple piston capable of pushing the gate operator. Therefore, this device is not capable of adapting to containers of another type which require the gate operator to be pulled upwards for operation.
  • None of the known prior art documents has sufficient adaptability to enable operating interchangeably with different types of containers provided with a handle and with a gate operator concentric to the handle, which is interchangeably operated by means of pulling or by means of pushing.
  • the present invention relates to a device for handling and emptying waste collection containers.
  • Containers of a first type and of a second type which are common in the sector of waste collection are surface or underground containers having lower gates mechanically connected to a gate operating element which allows operating the opening and closing of said gates.
  • Said gate operator is usually located in the upper half of the container in a position adjacent or concentric to a mushroom-shaped handle intended for allowing the gripping and lifting of the container.
  • Said function leads to the handle being typically located on an upper face of the container and in a position centered with its center of gravity. Therefore, the movement of the gate operator with respect to the rest of the container and the handle causes the opening or closing of the gates as a result of the mechanical connection between them.
  • the proposed device for handling and emptying waste collection containers is made according to claim 1. It comprises a coupling head which integrates a head structure and is attached to the distal end of crane arm integrated in a waste collection vehicle, said head structure bearing:
  • the mentioned first and second holding members can be, by way of example, any one of the following members, or another similar member, as will be obvious for a person skilled in the art:
  • the mentioned displacing mechanism is a mechanism envisaged for producing a vertical axial movement of the second holding member with respect to the first holding member.
  • This mechanism can adopt many different configurations, such as for example, a non-sliding and non-guided pantograph- or scissors-type mechanism, or it could also be a sliding mechanism which is moved in a guided path, such as for example, a nut and spindle mechanism or a piston mechanism.
  • This mechanism is operated by the third operating means which can be, by way of example, any one of the following mechanisms or another similar mechanism, as it would be obvious for a person skilled in the art: a motor, servomotor, solenoid, electromagnet, linear motor, piston, etc.
  • said operating means require an external power source and can be electrically or electronically controlled or can be controlled by means of hydraulic or pneumatic controls.
  • said coupling head integrates a first holding member which can grip a handle fixed on a container by means of the movement of its movable elements, for example, closing said first movable elements around said claw-like handle, providing a firm enough attachment to the container to allow lifting the entire container and its content, the load being supported by the
  • a second holding member also integrated in the coupling head, can interact with a gate operator, envisaged in a position concentric or adjacent to the handle of the container, by means of the movement of its second movable elements.
  • Said gate operator is mechanically linked to gates arranged in the lower part of the container, such that the operation of said gate operator causes the closing or opening thereof.
  • the mentioned mechanical link with the lower gates of the container is made by means of cables or chains although it can also be made by means of connected bars or straps forming kinematic chains.
  • the weight of the waste deposited inside the container is supported on the lower gates, and said load is transmitted through the mechanical link to the gate operator.
  • said loads can be transmitted in the form of an upward vertical load or a downward vertical load.
  • the second movable elements interacting with the gate operator are responsible for supporting said load, preventing the weight of the waste from causing the opening of the gates.
  • the second holding member is connected to a displacing mechanism moving it axially away or closer to the first holding member.
  • the second holding member interacts with the gate operator moving it or allowing its movement between the gate closing position and the gate opening position, causing the gates to open giving way to the weight of the waste accumulated thereon, or causing the gates to close.
  • the first and second configurations adapted to the gate operators of the first type and of the second type are different because the gate operators of the first and of the second type are also different from one another. They can differ in size and/or shape and/or position, and can also differ in the travel that they must make to cause the opening and closing of their respective gates. All these differences are differences that must be contemplated by the device for handling and emptying containers, adapting to same for correctly handling the container by means of the mentioned configurations.
  • the mentioned programmable control unit will be, by way of non-limiting example, a programmable logic controller, a computer, a printed circuit, or another similar device provided with a data input, a memory, computing capacity and a control order output, furthermore having an interface allowing a user to known and change the configuration of the programmable control unit.
  • said programmable control unit may be connected to a network of sensors that will provide it with precise information about the position of some or all the main elements making up the device for handling containers, as well as the position of the handle, the gate operator, and optionally also the rest of the container or its gates.
  • the programmable control unit determines if the container to be handled has a gate operator of the first type or of the second type, and proceeds to apply a first configuration envisaged for the correct handling of containers with gate operators of the first type, or a second configuration envisaged for the correct handling of containers with gate operators of the second type.
  • Said first and second configurations change operation parameters, such as for example, which position must be the relative position between the first and second holding members when they are coupled to the container, or regulating a higher or lower degree of closing of the first and second movable elements for adapting to different handle sizes and to different modes of interaction with the gate operator. It can also regulate which position is the gate opening position and which position is the closing position, etc.
  • This feature turns the proposed head into a head compatible with several container formats, allowing one and the same truck provided with this head to collect waste from different types of containers, by simply adapting its configuration, and as a result of the versatility allowed by its makeup.
  • the gate operators of a first type differ from the gate operators of a second type in that, in gate operators of the first type the weight of the waste accumulated inside the container, on the lower gates produces loads which are transmitted to the gate operator as a downward vertical load by means of the mechanical link thereof.
  • said load is transmitted to the gate operator in the form of an upward vertical load, due to the action of the mechanical link existing between the operator and the gates.
  • the gate operator of the first type must be gripped by means of the second movable elements or retained by means of pins or flanges of any type to prevent its downward movement, allowing the second movable elements to support the mentioned downward vertical loads.
  • said gate operator of the first type will have a type of flange at its end, such as a mushroom-shaped configuration, above a thinner neck, allowing the second movable elements to close around said neck, the flange being retained, preventing it from sliding downwards.
  • the gate operator of the second type of containers requires the second movable elements to be interposed in the upward path of the gate operator and to prevent its movement, performing the functions of a stop. Since said second movable elements are interposed in the mentioned upward path, the vertical movement of the second holding member allows said second movable elements to push the gate operator downwards. Therefore, the second movable elements can be sufficiently closed to at least partially block the travel that the gate operator of the container of the second type must make in order to go from the gate closing position to the gate opening position or vice versa, preventing the forward movement thereof, and they are furthermore envisaged for supporting said upward load and transmitting the loads to the head.
  • the gate closing position is the position in which the first and second holding members are spaced apart and the second movable elements support a downward vertical load
  • the gate opening position is the position in which said first and second holding members are adjacent.
  • the gate opening position is the position in which the first and second holding members are spaced apart
  • the gate closing position is the position in which the first and second holding members are adjacent and the second movable elements support an upward vertical load.
  • the second holding member in order to handle the operator of the first type the second holding member must grip the gate operator and pull on it, partially removing it from the container to close the gates, whereas on the contrary, with the gate operators of the second type the second holding member must push the gate operator downwards, keeping it inside the container, to cause the closing of said gates.
  • the proposed coupling head allows interchangeably performing both operations, both for the first and for the second type of gate operators, therefore allowing said coupling head to be versatile and to be able to handle containers of different type.
  • the first movable elements and/or the second movable elements are integrated in a jaw chuck mechanism grouping said movable elements in a radial arrangement around a hollow center, and coupled to an annular mechanism arranged around said hollow center allowing the coordinated radial movement of said movable elements.
  • the displacing mechanism moving the second holding member is operated by third operating means, and consists of two identical Roberts swinging mechanisms having coordinated movement with respect to one another by means of a connecting bar, each Roberts mechanism being formed by:
  • the Roberts mechanism is known in the scientific literature as it is a swinging mechanism providing a rectilinear movement in a part of travel thereof. Said movement actually includes a slight deviation with respect to a completely rectilinear movement, but it is considered an insignificant deviation which is within the range of mechanical device tolerances, for example, of tenths of millimeter.
  • the two Roberts mechanisms are located on the side of the coupling head, superposed such that the first shaft, the third shaft, and the fifth shaft of both Roberts mechanisms are coplanar to one another (except the mentioned insignificant deviation) with respect to a plane parallel to the direction of the axial movement of the second holding member.
  • Said two Roberts mechanisms are operated by means of third operating means, which can be several types, for example, it is contemplated that said third operating means are one or more hydraulic pistons or linear motors, pushing or pulling on a first or second pair of rockers, for example, causing the swinging thereof and thereby the linear (or almost linear) movement of the second holding member.
  • third operating means are one or more hydraulic pistons or linear motors, pushing or pulling on a first or second pair of rockers, for example, causing the swinging thereof and thereby the linear (or almost linear) movement of the second holding member.
  • This mechanism has the advantage of being able to be operated very quickly and being able to apply great forces as a result of the lever effect which can be achieved depending on the position in which the mentioned pistons or linear motors are attached to the mechanism, the rockers being able to act as lever arms.
  • Another additional advantage is that said mechanism is located on one side. This allows, according to another alternative embodiment, also proposing that the first holding member and the second holding member are each configured around a hollow center intended for the insertion of the handle and the gate operator, the hollow centers of both holding members being aligned.
  • a camera and/or visual sensor is integrated in the coupling head and envisaged for receiving visual information through said hollow center, which allows detecting the relative position of the handle and the gate operator with respect to the head.
  • Said camera will be connected to the programmable control unit and will transmit the obtained thereto, thereby allowing, by means of any type of processing of the obtained images, the programmable control unit to be capable of detecting the relative position and of sending automatic control orders to the different operators which allow moving the head until it is coupled to the handle of the container.
  • the present invention also proposes a method according to claim 8 for handling and emptying waste collection containers by means of a coupling head which integrates a head structure and is attached to the distal end of a crane arm integrated in a waste collection vehicle, said head structure bearing the same elements described above in relation to the device, namely:
  • the operating means controlling the holding members and the displacing mechanism are controlled by means of a programmable control unit, as described above in relation to the device.
  • Said programmable control unit can modify the operation parameters of the head, changing, for example, the position in which the interaction between the second member and the gate operator occurs, or the relative position between the first and second members determining the container opening and closing positions, by means of applying a first configuration or a second configuration.
  • Whether the gate operator is of the first type or of the second type can be automatically determined by means of the information obtained by means of sensors included in the head and after the analysis thereof by means of the programmable control unit, or it can be indicated by an operator by means of an interface of the programmable control unit.
  • the gate operator of the first type is that which transmits downward vertical loads caused by the stored waste on the lower gates of the container and transmitted through the mechanical link of the gates with the gate operator of the first type
  • the gate operator of the second type is that which transmits upward vertical loads caused by the stored waste on the lower gates of the container and transmitted to the gate operator of the second type through the mechanical link between them.
  • the gate opening position is the position in which the first and second holding members are adjacent
  • the gate closing position is the position in which the first and second holding members are spaced apart and the gate operator of the first type is surrounded and held by the second movable elements supporting a downward vertical load produced by the stored waste on the gates of the container.
  • the gate opening position is the position in which the first and second holding members are spaced apart
  • the gate closing position is the position in which the first and second holding members are adjacent and the second movable elements are superposed and in geometric interference with the gate operator of the second type, performing the functions of a stop and preventing its vertical movement, supporting an upward vertical load produced by the stored waste on the gates of the container.
  • first and second configurations differ in the length of travel of the second holding member between the gate opening and closing positions, and/or in the opening left by the first movable elements in the handle gripping position, and/or in the opening left by the second movable elements in the position of interaction with the gate operator.
  • a camera and/or visual sensor is integrated in the coupling head and is envisaged for receiving visual information through a central hole envisaged in the first and second holding members, and said programmable control unit uses said visual information to guide the coupling head to the handle and the gate operator and/or to determine if the gate operator is of the first type or of the second type.
  • the present invention relates to a device for handling and emptying waste collection containers made up of a coupling head 40 which integrates a head structure 41 and is attached to the distal end of a crane arm of a waste collection vehicle.
  • Said head structure 41 bears a first holding member 10 responsible for fixing to a handle 1 of a container 3, a second holding member 20 responsible for interacting with a gate operator 2 of a container 3, and a displacing mechanism 30 responsible for moving the second holding member 20 with respect to the first holding member 10, likewise achieving a relative movement of the gate operator 2 with respect to the handle 1, all of them being attached to the mentioned head.
  • the present device is envisaged for handling containers 3 having gates on its lower face, filling openings in its upper half, a handle 1 firmly attached to the container 3 on its upper face, which allows holding the entire container 3 and its waste load through said handle 1, and a gate operator 2 arranged in a position adjacent or concentric to said handle 1, which is mechanically linked to said gates, for example, by means of an articulated bar mechanism or a cable and pulley mechanism.
  • Said mechanical link allows the vertical axial movement of the gate operator 2 to cause the opening and closing of said gates and to cause at least a part of the weight of the waste deposited on the lower gates of the container 3 to be transmitted through the mentioned mechanical link to the gate operator 2 while lifting the container.
  • These transmitted loads must be supported by the second holding member 20 interacting with the gate operator 2, in order to keep the gates closed.
  • the first holding member 10 of the coupling head 40 has first movable elements 11 operated by means of first operating means 50 which allow moving said first movable elements between the handle gripping and handle release positions.
  • said movable elements are jaws of a motor-operated jaw chuck.
  • the first holding member 10 is thereby circular and has a central opening in which the handle 1 is inserted, after which the first operating means 50 are operated, causing the radial and coordinated closing of the jaws around the mentioned handle, which will typically have a mushroom shape, the handle therefore being retained by said jaws which can support the downward vertical load produced by the weight of the container and its load.
  • a jaw chuck mechanism is typically operated by means of rotating a chuck provided with a helical thread on one of its faces interacting with a toothed area envisaged in each of the jaws.
  • said chuck has a cam and the jaws have a cam follower. This can allow the closing and opening of the jaws to be achieved by means of a smaller angle of rotation of the chuck, speeding up the process, in addition to allowing making the manufacture less expensive and allowing, depending on the geometry of the cam, with a constant rotational speed of the chuck, obtaining an inconstant jaw closing/opening speed, for example, quicker at the beginning and slower at the end.
  • the second holding member 20 has second movable elements 21 operated by means of second operating means 51, and which in the present embodiment are also jaws of a jaw chuck operated by means of a motor, which are radially arranged around a central hole in which the gate operator 2 can be inserted.
  • the central hole of the first and second holding members 10 and 20 are concentric, both holding members 10 and 20 being aligned and superposed.
  • the second holding member 20 is attached to the head structure 41 by means of the displacing mechanism 30 which, according to the present embodiment, is made up of a non-sliding mechanism consisting of two identical Roberts swinging mechanisms 31 having coordinated movement with respect to one another by means of a connecting bar 32, each Roberts mechanism 31 being formed by:
  • the third shaft E3 of a Roberts mechanism coincides with the first shaft E1 of the other Roberts mechanism.
  • the Roberts mechanism 31 is known in the scientific literature as it is a swinging mechanism providing a rectilinear movement in a part of travel thereof. Said movement actually includes a slight deviation with respect to a completely rectilinear movement, but it is considered an insignificant deviation which is within the range of mechanical device tolerances, for example, of tenths of millimeter.
  • the two Roberts mechanisms 31 are located on the side of the coupling head 40, superposed such that the first shaft E1, the third shaft E3, and the fifth shaft E5 of both Roberts mechanisms 31 are coplanar with respect to one another (except the mentioned insignificant deviation) and with a plane parallel to the direction of the axial movement of the second holding member 20.
  • said two Roberts mechanisms 31 are operated by means of third operating means 52, which in this case, it is proposed that they are two hydraulic pistons 36, each operating one of the two Roberts mechanisms 31 and with an end attached to the head structure 41 and another end attached to a central portion of the first pair of rockers 33.
  • This displacing mechanism 30 has the advantage of being able to be operated very quickly and being able to apply great forces as a result of the lever effect which can be achieved depending on the position in which the mentioned hydraulic pistons 36 are attached to the Roberts mechanism 31, the rockers 33 and 34 being able to act as lever arms.
  • the first, second and third operating means 50, 51 and 52 are preferably controlled by means of a programmable control unit (not shown) made up of a programmable logic controller and receiving information from several sensors envisaged in the device which allow controlling the position of the main elements of the invention, as well as the position of the handle 1 and the gate operator 2, at all times.
  • a programmable control unit (not shown) made up of a programmable logic controller and receiving information from several sensors envisaged in the device which allow controlling the position of the main elements of the invention, as well as the position of the handle 1 and the gate operator 2, at all times.
  • Said programmable control unit determines if the gate operator to be handled 2 is of a first type 2a or of a second type 2b by means of the information received from the sensors, by means of communication with the container or by means of information entered by an operator.
  • the type of gate operator can be detected, for example, by means of detecting RFID tags integrated in the container, by means of detecting the size or position of some of the elements making up the container to be handled, either by means of contact sensors or by means of optical sensors.
  • the work will communicate said information to the programmable control unit by means of an interface, such as a touch screen, a push-button, a configuration switch, etc.
  • the worker will preferably be the collection vehicle driver himself, and the interface will be arranged inside the driver's cab.
  • the programmable control unit After determining the type of gate operator, the programmable control unit implements a first configuration or a second configuration, or even other additional configurations, each of said control configurations determining the handle gripping and release positions, the gate operator interaction or release positions, the gate opening and closing positions, among others.
  • the operating means 50, 51 and 52 By means of controlling the operating means 50, 51 and 52 through the programmable control unit depending on the different configurations, they allow handling containers of different type with handles of different size and with gate operators that require a different movement to cause the opening and closing of the gates of the container 3.
  • the head will implement different configurations adapted to different gate operators and to different handles, wherein each configuration will modify the predetermined operating positions, which thereby allows adapting to the operating requirements of each type of gate operator and handle.
  • the first configuration is adapted for handling gate operators of a first type which project from the handle and have a flange at its end, a thin neck being arranged between the flange and the handle, and in which the weight of the waste accumulated inside the container rests on the lower gates of the container and is transmitted through the mentioned mechanical link to the gate operator of the first type, transmitting a downward vertical load thereto.
  • the gate opening position will be the position in which it is in the lower point of its vertical travel, the mentioned flange being close to and superposed on the handle 1. That will also be the resting position of the gate operator of the first type 2a, the container 3 being supported on the ground, and the opening of the lower gates therefore being prevented as they are supported on said ground.
  • the gate operator of the first type 2a is in the gate opening position, the gates will remain closed, which means that the mechanical link between the gate operator of the first type 2a and the gates must allow that position, for example, by integrating cables or chains that can stay loose in that resting position.
  • the gate closing position of the gate operator of the first type 2a will be the position in which the flange of the gate operator of the first type 2a is arranged at a predetermined distance from the handle 1 greater than the distance existing in the gate opening position, in the upper limit of its vertical travel.
  • the programmable control unit can handle the container 3 by regulating the distance between the first and second holding members 10 and 20, both for determining the gate closing and gate opening positions, and also by regulating the closing of the first and second movable elements 11 and 21 for adapting to the sizes of the mentioned handle 1 and the gate operator of the first type 2a.
  • the second movable elements 21 will be closed around the neck of the gate operator of the first type 2a located below the flange, said flange being retained preventing its vertical downward movement, and therefore allowing the transmission of downward vertical loads between the gate operator of the first type 2a and the second movable elements 21.
  • the second configuration will be adapted for handling gate operators of the second type 2b having a rod shape inserted into the handle, allowing its vertical guided movement towards the outside of the container. Said gate operator of the second type 2b will be driven upwards due to the forces transmitted through the mechanical link with the lower gates of the container 3, caused by the weight of the stored waste on said closed gates.
  • the gate closing position will be the position in which said operator is completely inserted into the handle 1, without projecting above same, whereas the gate opening position will be the position in which said gate operator of the second type 2b projects a predetermined distance from the handle 1.
  • the programmable control unit can handle the container 3 by regulating the distance between the first and second holding members 10 and 20, both for determining the gate closing and gate opening positions, and also by regulating the closing of the first and second movable elements 11 and 21 for adapting to the sizes of the mentioned handle 1 and the gate operator of the second type 2b.
  • the second movable elements 21 will be closed, the second member 20 being located above the gate operator of the second type 2a, such that the mentioned second movable elements 21 will not cause the gripping of the gate operator of the second type 2b, but rather they will be closed interfering in the movement range thereof by coming into geometric interference with them and preventing and regulating the upward vertical movement thereof in relation to the relative position between the first and second holding members 10 and 20.
  • This allows the vertical movement of the second holding member 20 with respect to the first holding member 10 driven by the displacing mechanism 30, allows the movement of the gate operator of the second type 2b between the gate closing and opening positions.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for handling containers implementing by means of the device described above the following steps:
  • determining whether the gate operator is of a first type 2a or of a second type 2b is carried out by means of communication between the head and the container, for example, by means of RFID technology or by means of the optical reading of signals included on the outside of the container and detected by means of an optical sensor, such as for example, a camera, or by means of a container or handle or gate operator shape optical recognition system, a set of sensors integrated in the head which allow, as the interaction thereof with the handle and/or with the gate operator starts, detecting the relative position or size thereof, therefore allowing identification, is also proposed. All of these proposed methods involves transmitting information relating to the container to be handled, received by sensors, to the programmable control unit so that it evaluates the received information and determines the type of gate operator 2.
  • said determination is performed by means of an operator identifying the container and informing to the programmable control unit through an interface.
  • the method can contemplate that the gate operator of the first type 2a transmits downward vertical loads caused by the stored waste on the lower gates of the container and transmitted through the mechanical link of the gates with the gate operator of the first type 2a and that the gate operator of the second type 2b transmits upward vertical loads caused by the stored waste on the lower gates of the container and transmitted to the gate operator of the second type 2b through the mechanical link between them.
  • the gate opening and closing positions of the gate operator 2 will be different depending on whether it is a gate operator of the first type 2a or of the second type 2b.
  • the gate opening position is the position in which the first and second holding members 10 and 20 are adjacent
  • the gate closing position is the position in which the first and second holding members 10 and 20 are spaced apart and the gate operator of the first type 2a is surrounded and held by the second movable elements 21 supporting a downward vertical load produced by the stored waste on the gates of the container
  • the gate opening position is the position in which the first and second holding members 10 and 20 are spaced apart
  • the gate closing position is the position in which the first and second holding members 10 and 20 are adjacent and the second movable elements 21 are superposed and in geometric interference with the gate operator of the second type 2b, performing the functions of a stop and preventing its vertical movement, supporting an upward vertical load produced by the stored waste on the gates of the container.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Refuse-Collection Vehicles (AREA)
  • Manipulator (AREA)
  • Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Vorrichtung zum Behandeln und Entleeren von Abfallsammelbehältern, umfassend einen Kopplungskopf (40), welcher eine Kopfstruktur (41) integriert, welche dazu angeordnet ist, am distalen Ende eines Kranauslegers befestigt zu werden, welcher in einem Abfallsammelfahrzeug integriert ist, wobei die genannte Kopfstruktur (41) Folgendes trägt:
    • ein erstes Halteglied (10), welches erste bewegliche Elemente (11), welche mittels ersten Betriebsmittel (50) betrieben werden, aufweist, wobei die genannten ersten beweglichen Elemente (11) zwischen einer Griffhaltestellung und einer Grifflösestellung beweglich sind, für deren Kopplung an einen pilzförmigen Griff (1), welcher auf einer Außenfläche eines Behälters (3) fixiert ist, wobei der genannte Behälter (3) durch den genannten Griff (1) hochgehoben wird;
    • ein zweites Halteglied (20), welches zweite bewegliche Elemente (21), welche dazu angeordnet sind mittels zweiten Betriebsmitteln (51) betrieben zu werden, aufweist, wobei die genannten zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) zwischen einer Antrieblösestellung und einer Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Antrieb beweglich sind und somit erlaubt wird, dass die genannten beweglichen Elemente (21) in eine geometrische Interferenz mit dem Torantrieb (2) eintreten, so dass die freie Bewegung derselben verhindert wird, wobei das erste Halteglied (10) dazu angepasst ist, am Griff (1) befestigt zu werden, und wobei die zweiten Halteglieder (20) dazu angepasst sind, in der Wechselwirkungsstellung angeordnet zu werden, und wobei der Torantrieb (2) im Behälter in einer Stellung, in Bezug auf den genannten Griff (1) benachbart und/oder konzentrisch, angeordnet ist und mit den unteren Toren des Behälters mechanisch verbunden ist, um das Öffnen und Schließen derselben zu steuern;
    • einen Verstellmechanismus (30), welcher dazu angeordnet ist, von einem dritten Betriebsmittel (52) betrieben zu werden, welches dazu vorgesehen ist, das genannte zweite Halteglied (20) in Bezug auf das genannte erste Halteglied (10) zwischen der Torschließstellung und der Toröffnungsstellung axial zu bewegen, mittels der relativen axialen Bewegung zwischen dem Griff (1) und dem Torantrieb (2) des erwähnten Behälters (3), welches mit dem ersten Halteglied (10) und dem zweiten Halteglied (20) verbunden ist, so dass das Schließen und/oder das Öffnen der genannten unteren Tore des Behälters (3), welche mechanisch mit dem Torantrieb (2) verbunden sind;
    wobei
    • die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) zwischen der Antrieblösestellung und der Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Antrieb beweglich sind, unabhängig von der relativen Stellung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Halteglied (10, 20);
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    • die ersten, zweiten und dritten Betriebsmittel (50, 51 und 52) mittels einer programmierbaren Steuereinheit gesteuert werden, welche mindestens mit einer ersten und einer zweiten Handhabungsausbildung versehen ist, welche jeweils für die Handhabung eines Behälters, welcher einen Torantrieb eines ersten Typs (2a) enthält, und für die Handhabung eines Behälters, welcher einen Torantrieb eines zweiten Typs (2b) enthält, angepasst sind, wobei sich die erste und die zweite Ausbildung mindestens in den vorbestimmten Griffhalte- und - lösestellungen, und/oder in den Antriebslöse- und - wechselwirkungsstellungen, und/oder in den Toröffnungs- und schließstellungen unterscheiden; und dass
    • die programmierbare Steuereinheit dazu vorbereitet ist, die erste Ausbildung oder die zweite Ausbildung zu implementieren, in Abhängigkeit von der mittels Sensoren erhaltenen Information oder mittels von einem Bediener über eine Schnittstelle eingetragener Information; wobei
    • die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21), in der Wechselwirkungsstellung mit einem Torantrieb eines ersten Typs (2a) eines Behälters, den genannten Torantrieb des ersten Typs (2a) umgeben und sichern, und dazu angeordnet sind, senkrechte Abwärtsbelastungen, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den Toren des Behälters erzeugt werden und vom Torantrieb des ersten Typs (2a) übertragen werden, zu stützen; und
    • die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21), in der Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) eines Behälters, in Bezug auf den Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b), welcher die Funktionen eines Anschlags durchführt, welcher die senkrechte Bewegung desselben verhindert, überlagert sind, und dazu angeordnet sind, senkrechte Aufwärtsbelastungen, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den Toren des Behälters erzeugt werden und vom Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) übertragen werden, zu stützen;
    • der Verstellmechanismus (30) dazu angeordnet ist, senkrechte Aufwärts- und Abwärtsbelastungen zu stützen und zum Kranausleger zu übertragen.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Wechselwirkung mit einem Torantrieb eines ersten Typs (2a) und in Anwendung der erwähnten ersten Ausbildung, die Toröffnungsstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) benachbart sind, und die Torschließstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) getrennt sind und der Torantrieb von den zweiten beweglichen Elementen (21) umgeben und gehalten ist, welche eine senkrechte Abwärtsbelastung, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den Toren des Behälters erzeugt wird, stützen.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Wechselwirkung mit einem Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) und in Anwendung der erwähnten zweiten Ausbildung, die Toröffnungsstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) getrennt sind, und die Torschließstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) benachbart sind und die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) überlagert und in geometrische Interferenz mit dem Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) sind, so dass sie die Funktionen eines Anschlags durchführen und die senkrechte Bewegung desselben verhindern, so dass eine senkrechte Aufwärtsbelastung, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den Toren des Behälters erzeugt wird, gestützt wird.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die erste Ausbildung und die zweite Ausbildung in der Verstellungslänge des zweiten Halteglieds (20) zwischen den Toröffnungs- und schließstellungen, und/oder in der Öffnung, welche die ersten beweglichen Elemente (11) in der Griffhaltestellung lassen, und/oder in der Öffnung, welche die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) in der Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Torantrieb lassen, unterscheiden.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ersten beweglichen Elemente (11) und/oder die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) in einem Backenfuttermechanismus integriert sind, welcher die genannten beweglichen Elemente (11, 21) in einer radialen Anordnung um einen hohlen Kern herum gruppiert, und mit einem ringförmigen Mechanismus, welcher um den genannten hohlen Kern herum gekoppelt ist, so dass die koordinierte radiale Bewegung der genannten beweglichen Elemente (11, 21) erlaubt wird.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verstellmechanismus (30), welcher für die Bewegung des zweiten Halteglieds (20) zuständig ist, aus zwei identischen schwingenden Roberts-Mechanismen (31) besteht, welche eine koordinierte Bewegung zueinander mittels einer Verbindungsstange aufweisen, wobei der Roberts-Mechanismus durch Folgendes gebildet ist:
    • ein erstes Paar von Kipphebeln (33) und ein zweites Paar von Kipphebeln (34), welche alle die gleiche Länge aufweisen;
    • wobei das erste Paar von Kipphebeln in Bezug auf die Kopfstruktur (41) an einem ersten Ende um eine erste Welle (E1) herum angelenkt sind, und in Bezug auf einen Schwingkörper (35) an einem zweiten Ende um eine zweite Welle (E2) herum angelenkt sind;
    • wobei das zweite Paar von Kipphebeln in Bezug auf die Kopfstruktur an einem ersten Ende um eine dritte Welle (E3) herum angelenkt sind, und in Bezug auf den Schwingkörper an einem zweiten Ende um eine vierte Welle (E4) herum angelenkt sind;
    • wobei der Schwingkörper einen vorspringenden Ende aufweist, welches in Bezug auf das zweite Halteglied um eine fünfte Welle (E5) herum angelenkt ist;
    • wobei all die Wellen parallel zueinander sind, und die Abstände zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Welle, zwischen der dritten und der vierten Welle, zwischen der vierten und der fünften Welle, und zwischen der zweiten und der fünften Welle gleich sind;
    wobei die genannten koordinierten Roberts-Verstellmechanismen eine im Wesentlichen axiale geradlinige Bewegung des zweiten Halteglieds in Bezug auf das erste Halteglied bestimmen.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) jeweils um einen hohlen Kern herum ausgebildet sind, welche für die Einführung des Griffs (1) und des Torantriebs (2) bestimmt sind, wobei beide hohle Kerne ausgerichtet sind.
  8. Verfahren zum Behandeln und Entleeren von Abfallsammelbehältern mittels eines Kopplungskopfes, welcher eine Kopfstruktur (41) integriert und am distalen Ende eines Kranauslegers befestigt ist, welcher in einem Abfallsammelfahrzeug integriert ist, wobei die genannte Kopfstruktur (41) Folgendes trägt:
    • ein erstes Halteglied (10), welches erste bewegliche Elemente (11), welche mittels ersten Betriebsmittel (50) betrieben werden, aufweist, wobei die genannten ersten beweglichen Elemente (11) zwischen einer Griffhaltestellung und einer Grifflösestellung beweglich sind, für deren Kopplung an einen pilzförmigen Griff (1), welcher auf einer Außenfläche eines Behälters (3) fixiert ist, wobei der genannte Behälter (3) durch den genannten Griff (1) hochgehoben wird;
    • ein zweites Halteglied (20), welches zweite bewegliche Elemente (21), welche mittels zweiten Betriebsmitteln (51) betrieben werden, aufweist, wobei die genannten zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) zwischen einer Antrieblösestellung und einer Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Antrieb beweglich sind und somit erlaubt wird, dass die genannten beweglichen Elemente (21) in eine geometrische Interferenz mit einem Torantrieb (2) eintreten, so dass die freie Bewegung derselben verhindert wird, wobei das erste Halteglied (10) dazu angepasst ist, am Griff (1) befestigt zu werden, und wobei die zweiten Halteglieder (20) dazu angepasst sind, in der Wechselwirkungsstellung angeordnet zu werden, und wobei der Torantrieb (2) im Behälter in einer Stellung, in Bezug auf den genannten Griff (1) benachbart und/oder konzentrisch, angeordnet ist und mit den unteren Toren des Behälters mechanisch verbunden ist, um das Öffnen und Schließen derselben zu steuern;
    • einen Verstellmechanismus (30), welcher von einem dritten Betriebsmittel (52) betrieben wird, welches dazu vorgesehen ist, das genannte zweite Halteglied (20) in Bezug auf das genannte erste Halteglied (10) zwischen der Torschließstellung und der Toröffnungsstellung axial zu bewegen, mittels der sich ergebenden relativen axialen Bewegung zwischen dem Griff (1) und dem Torantrieb (2) des erwähnten Behälters (3), welches mit dem ersten Halteglied (10) und dem zweiten Halteglied (20) verbunden ist, so dass das Schließen und/oder das Öffnen der genannten unteren Tore des Behälters (3), welche mechanisch mit dem Torantrieb (2) verbunden sind;
    wobei die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) zwischen der Antrieblösestellung und der Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Antrieb beweglich sind, unabhängig von der relativen Stellung zwischen dem ersten und den zweiten Halteglied (10, 20);
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    • die ersten, zweiten und dritten Betriebsmittel (50, 51 und 52) mittels einer programmierbaren Steuereinheit gesteuert werden, welche mindestens mit einer ersten und einer zweiten Handhabungsausbildung versehen ist, welche jeweils für die Handhabung eines Behälters, welcher einen Torantrieb eines ersten Typs (2a) enthält, und für die Handhabung eines Behälters, welcher einen Torantrieb eines zweiten Typs (2b) enthält, angepasst sind, wobei sich die erste und die zweite Ausbildung mindestens in den vorbestimmten Griffhalte- und - lösestellungen, und/oder in den Antriebslöse- und - wechselwirkungsstellungen, und/oder in den Toröffnungs- und schließstellungen unterscheiden; und dass
    die programmierbare Steuereinheit die folgenden Schritte implementiert:
    • das Bestimmen ob der handzuhabende Behälter einen Torantrieb eines ersten Typs (2a) oder einen Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) integriert, basierend auf der mittels Sensoren erhaltenen Information oder mittels von einem Bediener über eine Schnittstelle eingetragener Information;
    • das Anwenden einer ersten Handhabungsausbildung, wenn der handzuhabende Behälter (3) einen Torantrieb des ersten Typs (2a) oder eine zweite Handhabungsausbildung integriert, wenn der handzuhabende Behälter (3) einen Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) integriert, mittels einer programmierbaren Steuereinheit;
    wobei die erste Ausbildung und die zweite Ausbildung eine oder mehrere der folgenden Stellungen verändern: die Griffhalte- und -lösestellungen und/oder die Torantriebwechselwirkung- und -lösestellungen und/oder die Toröffnungs- und schließstellungen; und wobei
    der Torantrieb des ersten Typs (2a) senkrechte Abwärtsbelastungen überträgt, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den unteren Toren des Behälters erzeugt werden und durch die mechanische Verbindung der Tore mit dem Torantrieb des ersten Typs (2a) übertragen werden; und der Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) senkrechte Aufwärtsbelastungen überträgt, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den unteren Toren des Behälters erzeugt werden und dem Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) durch die mechanische Verbindung zwischen denselben übertragen wird.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte beinhaltet:
    • das Platzieren des Kopplungskopfs (40) in einer Stellung so dass sich das erste Halteglied (10) dem Griff (1) eines Behälters (3) benachbart, mit demselben ausgerichtet und mindestens teilweise um denselben herum befindet, wobei das zweite Halteglied (20) dem Torantrieb (2) benachbart ist und mit demselben ausgerichtet ist;
    • das Betreiben der Bewegung der ersten beweglichen Elemente (11) zur Griffhaltestellung, gemäß der ersten oder der zweiten Ausbildung, so dass der Griff (1) fest gesichert wird;
    • das Betreiben der Bewegung der zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) zur Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Antrieb, gemäß der ersten oder der zweiten Ausbildung;
    • das Bewegen des zweiten Halteglieds (20) zur Torschließstellung mittels des Verstellmechanismus (30), gemäß der ersten oder der zweiten Ausbildung, so dass es erlaubt wird, dass die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) eine senkrechte Belastung, welche vom Gewicht des sich auf den Toren des Behälters befindlichen Abfalls erzeugt wird und vom Torantrieb (2) übertragen werden, stützen;
    • das Anheben des Behälters, so dass er derart platziert wird, dass auf einem Abführungsbereich überlagert wird und den Verstellmechanismus (30) betriebt, bis das zweite Halteglied (20) in der Toröffnungsstellung, gemäß der ersten oder der zweiten Ausbildung, platziert wird, so dass die Bewegung des zweiten Halteglieds (20) und des Torantriebs (2) erzeugt wird, so dass das Öffnen der mit dem genannten Torantrieb (2) mechanisch verbundenen Tore;
    • das erneute Betreiben des Verstellmechanismus (30) bis das zweite Halteglied (20) in der Torschließstellung, gemäß der ersten oder der zweiten Ausbildung, platziert wird, so dass das Schließen der genannte Tore erzeugt wird, so dass der Behälter (3) in dessen ursprüngliche Lage zurückgesetzt wird und das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) gelöst werden.
  10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Wechselwirkung mit einem Torantrieb eines ersten Typs (2a) und in Anwendung der erwähnten ersten Ausbildung, die Toröffnungsstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) benachbart sind, und die Torschließstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) getrennt sind und der Torantrieb des ersten Typs (2a) von den zweiten beweglichen Elementen (21) umgeben und gehalten ist, so dass eine senkreichte Abwärtsbelastung, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den Toren des Behälters erzeugt wird, gestützt wird.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Wechselwirkung mit einem Torantrieb eines zweiten Typs (2b) und in Anwendung der erwähnten zweiten Ausbildung, die Toröffnungsstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) getrennt sind, und die Torschließstellung die Stellung ist, in welcher das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) benachbart sind und die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) überlagert und in geometrische Interferenz mit dem Torantrieb des zweiten Typs (2b) sind, so dass sie die Funktionen eines Anschlags durchführen und die senkrechte Bewegung desselben verhindern, so dass eine senkrechte Aufwärtsbelastung, welche vom gelagerten Abfall auf den Toren des Behälters erzeugt wird, gestützt wird.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die erste Ausbildung und die zweite Ausbildung in der Verstellungslänge des zweiten Halteglieds (20) zwischen den Toröffnungs- und schließstellungen, und/oder in der Öffnung, welche die ersten beweglichen Elemente (11) in der Griffhaltestellung lassen, und/oder in der Öffnung, welche die zweiten beweglichen Elemente (21) in der Wechselwirkungsstellung mit dem Torantrieb lassen, unterscheiden.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kamera und/oder einen optischen Sensor im Kopplungskopf (40) integriert ist und für den Empfang der optischen Information durch ein mittiges Loch vorgesehen ist, welches in das erste Halteglied (10) und das zweite Halteglied (20) vorgesehen ist, und die genannte programmierbare Steuereinheit verwendet die genannte optische Information um den Kopplungskopf (40) zum Griff (1) und zum Torantrieb (2) zu führen und/oder um zu bestimmen, ob der Torantrieb des ersten Typs (2a) oder des zweiten Typs (2b) ist.
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