EP3108180A1 - Foyer a combustible solide - Google Patents
Foyer a combustible solideInfo
- Publication number
- EP3108180A1 EP3108180A1 EP15703997.5A EP15703997A EP3108180A1 EP 3108180 A1 EP3108180 A1 EP 3108180A1 EP 15703997 A EP15703997 A EP 15703997A EP 3108180 A1 EP3108180 A1 EP 3108180A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow body
- fireplace according
- burner
- gases
- secondary air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 on the one hand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
- F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid fuel fireplace having a stepped burner.
- the combustion of solid fuels has the specific feature that it decomposes in two stages.
- a first phase takes place at the level of the fuel bed which, when heated to high temperature, decomposes into combustible gas, on the one hand, and solid carbon, on the other hand.
- This same solid carbon is consumed in the presence of oxygen which makes it possible to maintain the fuel bed at a high temperature and to maintain the pyrolysis phenomenon.
- the pyrolysis gases can also be burned. To do this, it is necessary that they are brought into the presence of oxygen, mixed with it and brought to a high temperature for a period of time sufficient for the combustion to be complete.
- EP 0 401 205 B1 discloses a boiler with a primary combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber and respective primary air and secondary air transmission devices.
- the secondary air supply device has the configuration of a double-walled cone frustum, the inner envelope being pierced with holes allowing the distribution of secondary air inside the truncated cone crossed by the gases of the primary combustion chamber.
- This system has the disadvantage that it has been optimized to obtain good combustion at the expense of the aesthetics of the flame. Indeed, the many secondary air supply holes inside the truncated cone will give rise to small unsightly flames in the secondary combustion chamber.
- JP S55 155110 A discloses an oxidation device mounted on a combustion chamber to remove carbon monoxide.
- this device secondary air is introduced into a passage around a conical body in which the combustion gases circulate. Due to the upward movement of the combustion gases and the secondary air, the latter are mixed above the conical body before coming into contact with a catalyst layer.
- US Pat. No. 4,945,837 A discloses a pellet feed system for a furnace.
- This system has a fin to direct the fuel to the combustion plate in the upper position and includes ventilation tubes to prevent ignition and combustion of fuel stored in bins.
- the fin prevents the fuel particles from falling back into the auger and being ground into smaller particles.
- the present invention aims to achieve a home whose layout of the various components of the burner provides an optimized combustion while ensuring the aesthetic qualities of the flame.
- Figure 1 shows a sectional view of the burner within the fireplace according to the invention.
- Figures 2 and 3 show a top view of the burner trays.
- the openings in the plate for the introduction of primary air are in the form of circular orifices while in Figure 3, they are in the form of grooves.
- Figure 4 shows a sectional zoom on the arrangement of the first hollow body and the second hollow body hosting the pyrolysis gases from the primary combustion.
- the flows of primary air, secondary air and pyrolysis gases are schematically represented by arrows.
- the upper end of the first hollow body is smooth and the latter has no disc.
- Figure 5 shows the same arrangement with the upper end of the first hollow body having a sinusoidal cut.
- Figure 6 shows at two different angles the first hollow body provided with a sinusoidal cut at its upper end.
- Figures 7 and 8 also show at two different angles the first hollow body with a crenellated cut and a sawtooth cut respectively.
- Figure 9 is a sectional zoom on the arrangement of the first hollow body and the second hollow body welcoming the pyrolysis gases from the primary combustion.
- the upper end of the first hollow body is sinusoidal and a disk is positioned inside the first hollow body.
- FIG. 10 illustrates, using a simulation, the tangential injection of secondary air into the duct formed by the wall of the first hollow body on the one hand, and by the wall of the second hollow body on the other hand; on the one hand, as well as the effect of mixing by recirculation of the pyrolysis gases above the disk disposed inside the first hollow body.
- Figure 11 shows a top view of the guide fins disposed in the secondary air duct.
- Figure 12 shows the same fins in a sectional view.
- Figure 13 shows a top view of the guide vanes disposed within the first hollow body around the disc.
- Figure 14 shows the same fins in a sectional view with in this variant also fins inside the secondary air duct.
- Figure 15 shows a sectional view of the burner within the fireplace according to one embodiment of the invention with a variant of the ignition system.
- Figure 16 shows a top view of the burner tray with a deashing system in the closed position.
- Figure 17 shows the same view with the deashing system in the open position.
- the ash removal mechanism according to the invention is shown with a cross sectional view of the burner in the fireplace.
- the present invention relates to a solid fuel combustion chamber comprising a stepped burner with a lower stage where takes place, in use, a primary combustion of the solid fuel and with an upper stage where takes place, in use, a secondary combustion gases from the primary combustion, said burner comprising at the upper stage:
- first hollow body intended to receive in its interior volume the gases resulting from the primary combustion, said first hollow body having a conical portion or being entirely of conical shape, and
- a secondary air supply duct disposed around said first hollow body and opening at its upper end, said duct being delimited, on the one hand, by the first hollow body and, on the other hand, by a substantially shaped wall; complementary to that of the first hollow body to ensure a parallel injection of the secondary air along the first hollow body.
- the upper end of the first hollow body which opens the secondary air supply duct has a cut in the form of a succession of projections and recesses;
- the first hollow body is surmounted by a second hollow body
- the first hollow body is partially attached to the inside of the second hollow body in a so-called overlap area, the second hollow body acting as a wall delimiting the air supply duct in the covering zone;
- the first hollow body and the second hollow body are respectively of convergent shape in the direction of movement of the gases; in the overlap zone, the first hollow body and the second hollow body are respectively of divergent shape in the direction of movement of the gases; the second hollow body is of divergent shape at the outlet of the upper stage in order to widen and slow down the flow of the pyrolysis gases;
- the upper end of the first hollow body which opens the secondary air supply duct has a sawtooth cut, a sinusoidal cut or a crenellated cutout;
- the first hollow body and / or the second hollow body comprise in their internal volume a disturbing element ensuring a recirculation of the gases above said disturbing element;
- the guide vanes disposed in the secondary air supply duct and / or in the interior volume of the first hollow body in order to respectively induce a circular movement to the secondary air and to the pyrolysis gas; the guide vanes are positioned around the disturbing element; the guide vanes are arranged at an angle of between 15 and 45 °;
- the lower stage of the burner comprises a plate and a worm allowing the supply of solid fuel on said plate;
- the plate has openings allowing the introduction of primary air;
- the tray is configured so that the ashes generated by the primary combustion fall overflowing the tray;
- the plate comprises two superimposed grids each having perforated portions of complementary shape, a first grid in the upper position being rotatably mounted relative to a second grid in the lower position, said hearth comprising an actuating mechanism ensuring the rotation of the grid upper to allow the setting in vis-à-vis the perforated parts of each grid and thus the evacuation of ashes;
- the actuating mechanism comprises a vertical rod secured to the first grid and a horizontal rod movably mounted and secured to the vertical rod, the displacement of the horizontal rod causing the rotation of the first grid; it comprises an ignition system, said system comprising a metal furnace provided with an orifice, a heating element inserted into said metal furnace, an interior volume at the furnace connected to the orifice and intended to be supplied with outside air which is, in use, heated by the heating element before being injected into the lower stage of the burner.
- the fireplace according to the invention comprises a stepped burner, that is to say a burner with a two-stage combustion.
- the burner shown in Figure 1 comprises da ns its lower part a plate 1 on which is fed the fuel through a feed screw 2. Above the burner plate 1 is positioned a candle d ignition 3 which, during the ignition phase, blows hot air at very high temperature on the fuel and leads to the ignition of the latter.
- the very high temperature present in the volume between the burner plate 1 and the first hollow body 4 will lead to the decomposition of the fuel pyrolysis gas and solid carbon (pyrolysis phenomenon).
- the burner plate 1 is provided with openings 5 in the form of circular holes or grooves, allowing the introduction of primary air 6 which feeds the combustion of solid carbon from the pyrolysis (see FIG. 3, 4 and 5).
- pyrolysis gases 12 enter the first hollow body 4 and a second hollow body 7 (see Figures 4 and 5).
- the first hollow body 4 has a conical portion or is conically shaped and the second hollow body 7 has one or more conical portions.
- the first hollow body 4 comprises a portion of convergent conical shape in the direction of displacement of the pyrolysis gases and the second hollow body 7 comprises two conical parts successively convergent and divergent in the direction of movement of the gases leading to a depression at the limit of the convergent and divergent zones by venturi effect.
- the secondary air is injected parallel along the first hollow body 4 in an oblique conduit 8 opening on the upper end of the first hollow body 4 (see Figures 1, 4 and 5). In this configuration, the secondary air is preheated by contact with the hot walls of the first hollow body.
- the upper part of the first hollow body 4 is attached to the inside of the second hollow body 7 so that the conduit 8 is formed, on the one hand, by the outer wall of the first hollow body 4 and, on the other hand, by the inner wall of the second hollow body 7.
- the second hollow body comprises in its lower part a portion of substantially complementary shape to that of the first hollow body.
- the first convergent hollow body is attached to the interior of the converging lower portion of the second hollow body.
- the inner wall of the second hollow body 7 comprises the aforementioned convergent and divergent portions joined by a substantially cylindrical zone.
- This succession of convergent, cylindrical and divergent portions may be composed of a combination of conical volumes or be of toric form.
- the convergent portion delimits the duct 8 to ensure a tangential injection of secondary air.
- the divergent portion it leads to an enlargement and a slowing of the flow at the outlet of the burner. This makes it possible to increase the time of presence of the gases in a hot zone in order to ensure their complete combustion and to obtain a wide and calm flame which optimizes their aesthetic character.
- the second hollow body may be entirely of divergent shape in the direction of movement of the gases. In this case, the first hollow body is also divergent in the direction of movement of the gas to ensure the tangential injection.
- a disturbing element 9 visible among others in Figures 1 and 9 may be mounted within the first hollow body 4. It may be in the form of disk, ring, star, etc.. and its function is to promote the recirculation of the pyrolysis gases above the disturbing element as simulated in FIG. 10 (the disruptive element in disk form being schematized by a white space). It can be mounted inside the first hollow body as illustrated in the figures but also inside the second hollow body with the same function of promoting the mixing of the gases.
- oblique guide vanes with an angle of between 15 ° and 45 ° may be arranged at the level of the secondary air channel 8 as shown inter alia in FIGS. and 12 and / or between the disturbing element 9 and the inner wall of the first hollow body 4 as shown inter alia in FIGS. 13 and 14. They may be added in order to induce a circular movement to the flow and thus to promote the mixing gases and expand the flame at the burner outlet.
- the ignition system it may according to one embodiment of the invention be composed of a heating element 13 inserted into a metal sleeve 14 closed by a wall at its upper end and by the heating element at its end. lower (see Figure 15).
- An orifice 15 formed in the lower part of the sheath and a conduit 16 connected to the upper part of the sleeve allow a flow of air from the volume 17 supplied with outside air. In contact with the heating element 13, the air is heated and is injected at the level of the burner plate 1. The fact of taking the air in the volume 17 and not in the room makes it possible to optimize the tightness of the apparatus.
- the ashes generated by the combustion fall from the burner tray 1 overflow and that the device may include a mechanism for facilitating the evacuation of the ashes from the burner tray 1 to the ashtray 11.
- the injection in a direction parallel to the wall of the first hollow body ensures a progressive contact between the gases from the primary combustion with the secondary air and therefore a progressive combustion of the pyrolysis gases. This makes it possible to obtain a long flame as well as a relatively calm flow downstream of the secondary air injector.
- the parallel injection induces a driving effect of the primary flow, i.e. pyrolysis gases, by the secondary flow, which allows to model the flame according to the orientation of the secondary injection.
- the particular cut of the first hollow body allows, on the one hand, to create turbulence at the places of contact between the gases from the primary combustion with secondary air. This promotes mixing at the reaction zone and provides complete combustion. It allows, on the other hand, to obtain a passage section of the gases from the primary combustion leading to a quiet flow while guiding the gas to allow the modeling of the flame.
- the aesthetics of the burner is optimized thanks to its shape and the absence of visible mechanical elements in the combustion chamber.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE2014/0096A BE1023167B1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 | 2014-02-13 | Foyer a combustible solide |
PCT/EP2015/052919 WO2015121331A1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | Foyer a combustible solide |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3108180A1 true EP3108180A1 (fr) | 2016-12-28 |
EP3108180B1 EP3108180B1 (fr) | 2019-10-16 |
Family
ID=50588523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15703997.5A Active EP3108180B1 (fr) | 2014-02-13 | 2015-02-12 | Foyer a combustible solide |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3108180B1 (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1023167B1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2972650C (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015121331A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5826492B2 (ja) * | 1979-05-23 | 1983-06-03 | 日本エンゲルハルド株式会社 | 煉炭燃焼ガス中の一酸化炭素酸化装置 |
US4945837A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1990-08-07 | Whitfield Oliver J | Pellet feed system |
DE4039387A1 (de) * | 1990-12-10 | 1992-06-11 | Heribert Posch | Brennvorrichtung fuer holz und kohle |
EP0712477A1 (fr) * | 1994-06-15 | 1996-05-22 | Thermal Energy Systems, Incorporated | Appareil et procede de reduction des emissions de particules a partir des processus de combustion |
US7513098B2 (en) * | 2005-06-29 | 2009-04-07 | Siemens Energy, Inc. | Swirler assembly and combinations of same in gas turbine engine combustors |
-
2014
- 2014-02-13 BE BE2014/0096A patent/BE1023167B1/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2015
- 2015-02-12 EP EP15703997.5A patent/EP3108180B1/fr active Active
- 2015-02-12 CA CA2972650A patent/CA2972650C/fr active Active
- 2015-02-12 WO PCT/EP2015/052919 patent/WO2015121331A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2972650C (fr) | 2022-03-15 |
BE1023167B1 (fr) | 2016-12-08 |
WO2015121331A1 (fr) | 2015-08-20 |
EP3108180B1 (fr) | 2019-10-16 |
CA2972650A1 (fr) | 2015-08-20 |
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