EP3105435B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour le fonctionnement d'une installation de turbine à gaz en mode de charge partielle - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour le fonctionnement d'une installation de turbine à gaz en mode de charge partielle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3105435B1
EP3105435B1 EP15702785.5A EP15702785A EP3105435B1 EP 3105435 B1 EP3105435 B1 EP 3105435B1 EP 15702785 A EP15702785 A EP 15702785A EP 3105435 B1 EP3105435 B1 EP 3105435B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compressor
gas turbine
guide blade
intake air
value
Prior art date
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Application number
EP15702785.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3105435A1 (fr
Inventor
Marco LARSON
Nicolas Savilius
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/047—Heating to prevent icing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/34—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid with recycling of part of the working fluid, i.e. semi-closed cycles with combustion products in the closed part of the cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/042—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants having variable geometry
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/04—Air intakes for gas-turbine plants or jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/057—Control or regulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/08—Heating air supply before combustion, e.g. by exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C7/12—Cooling of plants
    • F02C7/14—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel
    • F02C7/141—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid
    • F02C7/143—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages
    • F02C7/1435—Cooling of plants of fluids in the plant, e.g. lubricant or fuel of working fluid before or between the compressor stages by water injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/20—Control of working fluid flow by throttling; by adjusting vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/26—Control of fuel supply
    • F02C9/28—Regulating systems responsive to plant or ambient parameters, e.g. temperature, pressure, rotor speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/07—Purpose of the control system to improve fuel economy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/08—Purpose of the control system to produce clean exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/311—Air humidity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05D2270/313—Air temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a gas turbine plant in a partial load operation and to an arrangement for controlling a gas turbine plant in a partial load operation and to a gas turbine plant comprising a compressor pilot vane adjustment device.
  • Gas turbine plants or gas turbines are operated inter alia for energy production in gas power plants.
  • the constructive and procedural design and optimization of gas turbines usually aims at the most economical and low-emission nominal load or full load operation.
  • Gas turbine plants are internal combustion engines which suck in ambient air, compress it in a compressor, produce an ignitable flow medium from this compressed ambient air and a fuel in a combustion chamber or burner unit, ignite it and relax in a turbine or turbine unit such a released thermal energy is converted into a rotational mechanical energy.
  • the generated thereby in the turbine mechanical power is, in addition to the part that can be used for conversion into electrical power by a gas turbine plant downstream generator, partly discharged to the compressor for performing compression work.
  • a fuel mass flow is usually reduced into the burner unit and / or a compressor intake air mass flow is reduced.
  • the maximum permissible throttling ie the maximum permissible adjustment of the variable Verêtrvorleitschaufel and thus the adjustment in the partial load operation is limited by the negative pressure-induced expansion of the ambient air in the intake of the compressor: Depending on the temperature and humidity of the intake air, an overflow or an ice formation in the compressor of the gas turbine plant may occur if the compressor pilot vane adjustment limit value is exceeded or fallen short of. As a result, the so-called machine integrity and, if necessary, machine damage may be impaired.
  • Such a method for a gas turbine plant is approximately from the EP 2 180 165 known, wherein a heat exchanger and an air conditioning unit serve to, by the Gas turbine system sucked air sufficient to provide with thermal energy.
  • the heat input by means of heat exchangers is thereby introduced approximately at a time when the intake air has a temperature which is below a limit, about 40 ° C, and when about the temperature is less than 10 ° C from the current dew point temperature.
  • the compressor pilot vanes are moved appropriately.
  • a temperature conditioning for influencing the temperature of the inlet air of a gas turbine is also in the EP 2642092A1 described.
  • the gas turbine is integrated in a combined gas and steam power plant and the temperature conditioning is carried out such that the steam temperature in the steam part of the combined gas and steam power plant comes to rest at or above a target temperature.
  • the gas turbine compressor airfoils may additionally assist this control process by also making their position dependent on that steam temperature.
  • the invention has for its object to achieve a fuel-efficient and low-emission part-load operation of a gas turbine plant by extending the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelverstell Anlagens, weleher is determined by means of at least one Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwerts.
  • a compressor pilot vane adjustment is initiated for the part-load operation.
  • the given state of the inflowing medium can be given by at least one state variable such as a temperature, a humidity or a moisture, a pressure, that is to say in particular by numerical values of these state variables.
  • “given” also means “present”, “prevailing” and / or “measurable” or “ascertainable”.
  • the flow medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant can in particular be ambient air or intake air.
  • the Ver Nonervorleitschaufelver ein may be an adjustment of a variable, so adjustable, Ver Whyrvorleitschaufel (Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelsch.
  • the adjustment is not necessarily limited to the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufel or Ver Whyrvorleitschaufel #2, but may also further Leitschaufel Horn, in particular 1 to 5 further Leitschaufel Horn include.
  • “initiated” or “initiation” on the one hand to the triggering of the adjustment or a measure as such, for example by an operation and / or a control of a corresponding device, on the other to refer to an effect of the adjustment or measure in a procedural or procedural sense.
  • a value of the compressor advance vane advance initiated is compared to a compressor advance vane shift limit that is determinable as a function of the state of the fluid flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine engine.
  • Determinable in the given context and in the following is an expedient possibility for a determination, a determination, a measurement - in an indirect or direct manner - or a calculation of a value to understand.
  • the phrase "compared” or “compare” refers to a numerical comparison of two values, in particular made by a difference formation realized by a technical device.
  • the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert is a procedural and / or safety reasons to be respected limit the adjustment of Ver Whyrvorleitschaufel or guide vane (Leitschaufelippon), the non-compliance icing or icing of the compressor - and consequently an impairment of a gas turbine function or a failure of the gas turbine - occur can.
  • Ver Why the Ver Whyrervorleitschaufelver einsgrenzhongs depending on the state of the flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant medium, for example, depending on the actual intake air temperature and / or the actual intake air humidity, is particularly advantageous compared to the usual worst-case scenario (Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert determined / fixed on Based on a minimum assumed intake air temperature and a maximum intake air humidity to be assumed), an extended adjustment range of the compressor pilot vane adjustment can be achieved. As a result, a more fuel-efficient and low emission emissions partial load operation of the gas turbine, especially at high intake air temperatures and low Ansaugluftfeuchten be enabled.
  • At least one measure for changing the state of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine engine in the partial load operation is initiated.
  • the condition may be exceeding or reaching an upper limit value or falling below or reaching a lower limit value for the compressor pilot vane adjustment.
  • a condition is the exceeding of a critical angle of Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver ein - which can be determined, for example, depending on the intake air humidity and intake air temperature and above which a compressor can enter.
  • a temperature and / or humidity - of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant in the partial load operation - in particular the intake air - is an influence of the Compressor pilot vane adjustment limit reached.
  • a partial load operation of a gas turbine plant is achieved, which also allows significantly outside of an original design range of the gas turbine plant a fuel-efficient and low-emission operation at particularly low gas turbine performance at particularly low ambient air temperatures and / or ambient humidities.
  • the invention also provides an arrangement for controlling a gas turbine plant in a partial load range.
  • the arrangement has an adjusting device, a determination device and a control unit.
  • the adjusting device is set up such that, given a state of a medium flowing into a compressor of the gas turbine plant, a compressor pilot vane adjustment can be introduced.
  • a variable Ver emphasizerleitschaufelsch the gas turbine plant is adjustable by the adjusting device, in particular adjustable in an angle of attack against a main flow direction of the intake air of the compressor.
  • the determining means is arranged such that a Ver Whyrervorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert in response to the state of the flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant medium is determined and a value of the initiating Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver ein with the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert is comparable.
  • the ascertainability may be a possibility for evaluation, calculation - in each case in particular based on a once measured or calculated or simulated map or a multi-dimensional functional relationship - in combination with a measurement and / or calculation, for example, an intake air temperature and / or humidity refer.
  • the ascertainability can be implemented in hardware, software and / or hardware and software-based in the determination device.
  • the control unit is set up in such a way that at least one measure for changing the state of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant in part-load operation can be introduced if the value of the initiated compressor pilot vane adjustment satisfies a predetermined condition with regard to the compressor pilot vane adjustment limit value.
  • control unit can be set up in such a way that auxiliary units and / or facilities of the gas turbine plant, in particular heating and / or cooling and / or drying and / or humidifying, each for acting on the state of the intake air, controllable - ie at least can be switched on and off.
  • control unit may be prepared for controlling an anti-icing device and / or an intake air heater and / or an evap cooler.
  • the invention also provides a gas turbine plant having a Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelverstell Road before.
  • a gas turbine plant which can be operated particularly advantageously in part-load operation can be achieved if it has an anti-icing device and / or an intake-air heating device and the arrangement according to the invention.
  • a realization of the invention or a further development described is possible by a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, which carries out the invention or the development.
  • the invention and / or any further development described can also be realized by a computer program product which has a storage medium on which a computer program is stored which carries out the invention and / or the development.
  • the given state of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant is described at least by a temperature and / or humidity of the medium.
  • Both the temperature and the humidity or moisture of the medium, ie the intake air, are measurable state variables with simple or cost-effective, frequently tested and cost-effective means, whereby a particularly advantageous describability of the state of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant can be achieved ,
  • the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert is determined as a function of a temperature and / or humidity of the inflowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant medium.
  • the Ver Whyrervorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert may be a limit against ice formation in the compressor of the gas turbine plant.
  • the humidity (moisture) can be a relative or absolute value.
  • the at least one measure brings about an increase in a temperature and / or a reduction in the humidity of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant in partial load operation.
  • the increase in the temperature of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant in partial load operation can be effected via activation of a heating device and / or via deactivation of a cooling device. It is not excluded that the increase in temperature causes a change in humidity.
  • the reduction of the moisture or moisture of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant in the partial load operation can be effected by activating a drying device and / or by deactivating a moistening device. It is not excluded that the reduction of moisture or moisture causes a change in temperature.
  • An advantage of increasing the intake air temperature and reducing the intake air humidity, in particular the relative humidity of the intake air, is that the risk of icing in the compressor drops while the compressor vane adjustment remains the same. Put simply, that means that at the same risk of icing a stronger throttling (Ver emphasizervorleitschaufelver ein) made and thereby an advantageous partial load operation of the gas turbine plant can be achieved.
  • the at least one measure is by activating an anti-icing device and / or an intake air heater and / or a turbine exhaust gas recirculation device of an intake air drying device and / or deactivating an evap cooler and / or a compression -Inlet-Air-Chillers and / or a water injection device causes.
  • the anti-icing device may be a device of the gas turbine, which is prepared to, in the one heated by the compressor and thus heated flow medium, for example, at 300 ° C to 400 ° C heated air Feed in intake air mass flow.
  • the intake air heating device may be a device or an accessory of the gas turbine, which is prepared to heat a Ansaug Kunststoffmassenstrom by several K, in particular 1 K to 10 K.
  • the turbine exhaust gas recirculation device may be an apparatus of the gas turbine which is prepared to feed a highly heated turbine exhaust gas, for example air heated to 500 ° C. to 600 ° C., into the one intake air mass flow.
  • Evap-Coolers, Compression-Inlet-Air-Chillers, and Water Injectors are prior art intake air cooling and / or intake air humidification devices that are typically designed to increase the maximum achievable Gas turbine power can be used. If activated in partial load operation are, can be achieved by deactivating a particularly cost relative intake air temperature increase and / or drying.
  • the value of the introduced compressor pilot vane adjustment is an incremental value or an absolute value.
  • the value of the initiated Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver ein is an angle.
  • the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert is an upper limit and the predetermined condition reaching or exceeding the upper limit or a lower limit and the predetermined condition reaching or falling below the lower limit.
  • the method is carried out in each case for a plurality of successive points in time, ie for a time course.
  • the process is thus performed for a time course such that a compressor pilot vane adjustment is initiated at a certain time t1.
  • the value of the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver ein - that is, in the course of time after an introduction adjusting value - with the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert time-continuous or compared at intervals of certain time increments.
  • the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwert is determined at several consecutive times.
  • a check of the predetermined condition takes place in sufficiently short time intervals, for example at a distance of 0.1 s to 10 s.
  • the method is used to control a temperature and / or a humidity of the medium flowing into the compressor of the gas turbine plant in partial load operation.
  • the state variables which are decisive for the permissible throttling can be controlled, whereby a simple controllability of the partial load operation of the gas turbine, in particular secured against compressor compaction, can be achieved.
  • the method is used to control the operation of a gas turbine plant in partial load operation, wherein a controlled variable is the temperature and / or a controlled variable is the humidity, a manipulated variable is the value of the initiated Verêtrvorleitschaufelver thoroughly and a control signal drives an anti-icing device and / or a control signal drives an intake air heating device and / or drives an Evap-Cooler in the control signal.
  • control unit of the arrangement according to the invention for the control of an anti-icing device and / or an intake air heater and / or an evap cooler are prepared.
  • FIG. 1 shows in a schematic representation of a gas turbine plant 2.
  • the gas turbine 2 has inter alia in the main flow direction 4 of a flow medium 6, such as air, or in the longitudinal direction of an axis of rotation 8
  • Evap Cooler 10 evaporative cooler
  • an intake air heater 12 a compressor inlet 14
  • a compressor 16 a Ver emphasizervorleitschaufelverstell Road 18th
  • an anti-icing device 20 a compressor outlet 22, a burner unit 24, and a turbine unit 26.
  • the elements 10, 12, 18 and 20 are shown in two parts in the given embodiment or designed rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotation 8, which of course does not necessarily have to be the case.
  • the gas turbine also has a drive shaft 28, which is rotatable about the axis of rotation 8 and extends longitudinally along the gas turbine 2.
  • Drive shaft 28 connects turbine unit 26 to compressor 16 in a rotationally fixed or rotationally fixed manner.
  • the compressor 14 includes a series of axially disposed compressor vane stages 30 and compressor vane stages 32. At least one stage or a row of the compressor guide vanes is prepared for adjustment, that is to say for rotation against the main flow direction 4 of the flow medium 6, by the compressor pre-vane adjusting device 18.
  • the flow medium 6 enters the compressor 16 after passing through the evap cooler 10 and the intake air heater 12 through the compressor inlet 14.
  • the flow medium 6 is in the compressor 16 compressed and thereby heated to 300 ° C to 500 ° C.
  • the compressed flow medium 6 is supplied via the compressor outlet 22 of the burner unit 24, which may be in the form of an annular burner unit, for example.
  • the burner unit 24 has one or more combustion chambers 34, each with a burner 36.
  • the compressed flow medium 6 is at least partially passed into the burner unit 24 and the combustion chamber 34 and mixed there with a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • the combustible mixture thus formed in the burner unit 24 is then ignited or burned and the combustion gas or the working gas of the combustion is conducted via a transitional channel 38 to the turbine unit 26 of the gas turbine 2.
  • the anti-icing device located at the downstream end of the compressor 16 in close proximity to the compressor exit 22 is prepared to direct a portion of the compressed, heated flow medium 6 to the compressor inlet 14.
  • the turbine unit 26 has a plurality of turbine wheels 40 with turbine blades 42 connected to the drive shaft 28.
  • 40 guide vanes 44 are arranged axially between the turbine wheels.
  • the vanes 44 of the turbine unit 26 are in turn connected to a stator 46.
  • the combustion gas from the combustion chamber or chambers 34 enters the turbine unit 26 and drives the turbine blades 42 in such a way that the drive shaft 28 is rotationally driven and a torque about the axis of rotation 8 of the gas turbine 2 is generated.
  • the guide vanes 44 serve to direct the combustion gas or the working gas onto the turbine blades 42, ie the flow guide.
  • the compressor blade stages 32 are generated by the drive shaft 28, that is, by the turbine unit 26 generated in the Torque driven and set in rotation about the axis of rotation 8, whereby the compressed flow medium 6 is generated by the gas turbine 2 itself once it is in a corresponding operating state.
  • the gas turbine 2 further comprises a control arrangement 48, which for better representation in FIG. 1 outside or structurally separated from the gas turbine 2 is shown.
  • the control arrangement 48 has an adjusting device 50, a determination device 52 and a control unit 54.
  • the control arrangement 48 serves to control an operation of the gas turbine 2 in a partial load operation.
  • the actuator 50 is prepared to drive the compressor pilot vane adjuster 18 to initiate an adjustment of the compressor vane stages 30 against the main flow direction 4.
  • the determination device 52 is prepared to determine a compressor advance vane adjustment limit in dependence on the state of the flow medium 6, in particular its temperature and humidity. In addition, the determiner 52 serves to compare a value of the current in-service compressor pilot vane adjustment with the compressor pilot vane shift limit.
  • the control unit 54 serves to drive the evap cooler 10, the intake air heater 12, and the anti-icing device 20 when the value of the initiated compressor pilot vane adjustment with respect to the compressor pilot vane shift limit satisfies a predetermined condition.
  • FIG. 2 A schematic representation of a control circuit for controlling the operation of the gas turbine plant 2 in partial load operation is in FIG. 2 shown and described below.
  • the flow medium flows 6 from an unspecified environment after flowing through the evap-cooler 10 and the intake air heater 12 in the compressor inlet 14 of the compressor 16 of the gas turbine plant 2.
  • the flow medium 6 is compressed in the compressor 16, passes through the compressor outlet 22 from the compressor 16 and subsequently enters the burner unit 24.
  • an ignitable mixture is produced from the compressed flow medium 6 while supplying a fuel mass flow 56, for example a mass flow of a gas, and ignited, the ignition taking place in particular continuously.
  • a fuel mass flow 56 for example a mass flow of a gas
  • the ignited flow medium 6 leaves the burner unit 24 in the main flow direction 4 (see FIG. 1 ) and enters the turbine unit 26 of the gas turbine plant 2 via the turbine inlet 58 and displaces the turbine wheels 40 (see FIG FIG. 1 ) in rotation, such that a torque is transmitted to the drive shaft 28.
  • a resulting from the thus generated torque and the rotational speed of the drive shaft 28 power of the gas turbine plant 2 is transmitted to a part of the drive shaft side mounted compressor 16 for performing compression work. Another part of the power of the gas turbine plant 2 is transmitted as useful power to a generator 60 and converted into this into electrical energy.
  • the gas turbine plant 2 is operated at a partial load, for example at 80% of the rated load, by throttling, ie the intake air mass flow 62 is adjusted by adjusting the compressor pilot vanes or one or more compressor vane stages 30 (see FIG FIG. 1 ) reduced.
  • a Control signal 64 To adjust the Ver Whyrleitschaufelhandn 30 takes a control of Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelverstell responded 18 with a Control signal 64, starting from the adjusting device 50, which is part of the control arrangement 48 in the embodiment shown here.
  • the control assembly 48 senses a temperature value (the “temperature”) and a humidity value (the “humidity”, “humidity”) of the flow medium 6 entering the compressor inlet 14, i. an intake air temperature 66 and a Ansaug Kunststofffeuchte 68.
  • the determination device 52 determines a compressor advance vane adjustment limit value 70.
  • the compressor default vane adjustment limit value 70 is in particular a limit value of the adjustment upon which the intake air mass flow 66 flowing into the compressor inlet 14 is expected to rise or fall below or exceed it.
  • the determiner 52 compares the compressor pilot vane shift limit value 70 with the value of the initiated compressor pilot vane advance, the compressor pilot vane travel actual value 72, which is routed to the actuator 50 as a signal 74 from the compressor pilot vane adjuster 18.
  • this supply line to the adjusting device 50 is not absolutely necessary, since the value 72 can also be stored as a control value in the actuator 50 or retrievable.
  • the control unit 54 derives at least one measure for changing the intake air temperature 66 and the intake air humidity 68 on:
  • One measure is a control of the evap cooler 10 via the control signal 76, to deactivate it. This measure requires that the Evap-Cooler 10 is activated at the time of activation, ie in operation for humidifying or cooling the Ansaugluftmassenstromes 62. In conventional gas turbine 2, this is common in a nominal load operation.
  • Another measure is a control of the intake air heater 12 via the control signal 78, for their activation or control.
  • the activated or activated intake air heating device 12 heats the intake air mass flow 62, thus increasing the intake air temperature 66, which in particular also leads to a reduction in the intake air humidity 68 can. This in turn leads to a positive influence on the Verêtrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwerts 70, since the risk of icing decreases with increasing intake air temperature 66 and falling intake air 68.
  • Another measure is a control of the anti-icing device 20 via the control signal 80, for their activation or control.
  • the activated or controlled anti-icing device 20 discharges a hot air mass flow 82 at the compressor outlet 22 and feeds this into the intake air mass flow 62.
  • the hot air mass flow 82 which is generally between 300 ° to 500 ° C.
  • the intake air temperature 66 increases, which in particular can also lead to a reduction in the intake air humidity 68.
  • the measures described can be effected individually or in combination, simultaneously or with a time delay.
  • the measures described cause a reduction in the risk of icing in the compressor 16, that is, a reduction in the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver einsgrenzwerts 70, which usually refers to a pitch of the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufel to the main flow direction 4.
  • the compressor pilot vane travel actual value 72 can be reduced by driving the compressor pilot vane adjuster 18 via the signal 64 from the control assembly 48 without the need for icing. Due to the now increased throttling of the flow medium 6 in the compressor inlet 14, a reduction of the intake air mass flow 62 is achieved.
  • FIG. 3 shows a diagram with control technology relevant state areas (84, 86) and limit curves (88, 90, 92, 94) of the gas turbine plant depending on the intake air humidity 68 (ordinate [%]) and the intake air temperature 66 (abscissa [° C]) according to Embodiment from FIG. 2 .
  • Using the diagram in FIG. 3 can be clarified whether at a certain throttling - ie a certain Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver ein - depending on the given combination of intake air humidity 68 and intake air temperature 66 icing of the compressor inlet 14 (see FIG. 1 . 2 ) can occur.
  • the limit curves 88, 90, 92 and 94 refer to a 60%, 56%, 54% and 51% compressor pilot vane adjustment.
  • icing of the compressor inlet can occur.
  • state region 86 which comes to lie below or to the right of the limit curves 88, 90, 92, 94, respectively, no icing is possible.
  • the intake air mass flow 62 is reduced by a control of a Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver ein of 56%.
  • the value of the compressor pilot vane adjustment of 56% falls below the compressor primary vane adjustment limit value 70 of approximately 58% or the limit curve 100 that prevails in the state 98, and therefore the compressor inlet 14 may freeze.
  • the initiation of at least one measure for changing the intake air temperature 66 and / or the intake air humidity 68 takes place, for example, by activating the anti-icing device 20 and / or the intake air heater 12 and / or the evap cooler 10 (FIG. please refer FIG. 1 . 2 ).
  • FIG. please refer FIG. 1 . 2
  • a state 104 at an intake air temperature 66 of 7 ° C and 30% intake air humidity 68 is achieved.
  • the state 104 is below the limit curve 90, consequently, no icing of the compressor inlet 14 may occur in this partial load operation of the gas turbine plant 2.
  • any other state below the limit curve 90 may be addressed, for example states 102 or 106.
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagram with control technology relevant power curves (108-114) (gas turbine power 116 ordinate [MW]) of the gas turbine plant in dependence on the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver ein and an exhaust gas temperature 118 of the gas turbine plant 2 (abscissa [° C]) according to the embodiment FIG. 2 , Using the diagram in FIG. 4 can be clarified to what extent the Ver Whyrvorleitschaufelver eins actual value 72 (see FIG. 2 . 3 ), the gas turbine power 116, in particular at constant exhaust gas temperature 118 in the partial load range, influenced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner une installation (2) de turbine à gaz dans un fonctionnement en charge partielle,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - pour un état de fonctionnement donné d'un fluide (6) en écoulement entrant dans un compresseur (16) de l'installation (2) de turbine à gaz, on déclenche un réglage d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur pour le fonctionnement en charge partielle,
    - on détermine au moins une température (66) et/ou une humidité (68) du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant dans l'état de fonctionnement,
    - en fonction de la température (66) et/ou de l'humidité (68) déterminée du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant, on détermine une valeur (70) limite de réglage d'aube de pré-rotation du compresseur en fonctionnement,
    - on compare une valeur (72) du réglage déclenché d'aube de pré-rotation du compresseur à la valeur (70) limite de réglage d'aube de pré-rotation du compresseur, qui a été déterminée et,
    - si la valeur (72) du réglage déclenché d'aube de pré-rotation du compresseur, par rapport à la valeur (70) limite de réglage d'aube de pré-rotation du compresseur, qui a été déterminée en fonctionnement, satisfait une condition donnée à l'avance,
    - on déclenche au moins une mesure de modification de l'état (96, 98, 102 à 106) du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant en fonctionnement en charge partielle dans le compresseur (16) de l'installation (2) de turbine à gaz.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que la au moins une mesure provoque
    - une élévation d'une température (66) et/ou
    - une diminution d'une humidité (68)
    du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant en fonctionnement en charge partielle dans le compresseur (16) de l'installation (2) de turbine à gaz.
  3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que l'on provoque la au moins une mesure par
    - une activation (78, 80)
    - un dispositif (20) anti-icing et/ou
    - un dispositif (12) de chauffage de l'air d'aspiration et/ou
    - un dispositif de recyclage des gaz d'échappement de la turbine et/ou
    - un dispositif de séchage de l'air d'
    et/ou
    - une désactivation (76)
    - un evap-coolers (10) et/ou
    - un compression-inlet-air-chiller et/ou
    - un système d'injection d'eau.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la valeur (72) de réglage déclenché d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur est une valeur instrumentale ou une valeur absolue.
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la valeur (72) de réglage déclenchée d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur est un angle.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que la valeur (70) limite de réglage d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur est
    - une valeur (88 à 94) limite supérieure et la condition donnée à l'avance est atteindre ou dépasser la valeur (88 à 94) limite supérieure
    Ou
    - une valeur (88 à 94) limite inférieure et la condition donnée à l'avance est atteindre ou passer en dessous de la valeur (88 à 94) limite inférieure.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, effectué respectivement à une pluralité d'instants successifs.
  8. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, utilisé pour régler une température (66) et/ou une humidité (68) du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant en fonctionnement en charge partielle dans le compresseur (16) de l'installation (2) de turbine à gaz.
  9. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, utilisé pour un réglage d'un fonctionnement d'une installation de turbine à gaz en fonctionnement en charge partielle, dans lequel
    - une grandeur réglée à la température (66) et/ou
    - une grandeur réglée à l'humidité (68)
    - une grandeur réglante est la valeur (72) du réglage déclenché d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur et
    - un signal (80) de commande commande un dispositif (20) anti-icing et/ou
    - un signal (78) de commande commande un dispositif (12) de chauffage de l'air d'aspiration et/ou
    - un signal (76) de commande commande un evap-cooler (10).
  10. Système de commande d'une installation (2) de turbine à gaz dans un fonctionnement en charge partielle,
    caractérisé par
    - un dispositif (50) de réglage est conçu de manière à ce que
    - dans un état de fonctionnement donné d'un fluide (2) en écoulement entrant dans un compresseur (16) de l'installation (2) de turbine à gaz, un réglage d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur peut être déclenché
    et
    - un système (48) de commande est conçu de manière
    - à pouvoir déterminer, dans l'état de fonctionnement, au moins une température (66) et/ou une humidité (68) du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant,
    Et
    - un dispositif (52) de détermination est conçu, de manière
    - à pouvoir déterminer, en fonction de la température (66) et/ou de l'humidité (68) déterminée du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant, une valeur (70) limite de réglage d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur et
    - à pouvoir comparer une valeur (72) du réglage pouvant être déclenché d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur à la valeur (70) limite déterminée en fonctionnement du réglage d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur
    Et
    - une unité (54) de commande est conçue de manière
    - à pouvoir déclencher au moins une mesure de modification de l'état (96, 98, 102 à 106) du fluide (6) en écoulement entrant en fonctionnement en charge partielle dans le compresseur (16) de l'installation (2) de turbine à gaz, si la valeur (72) du réglage déclenché d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur satisfait une condition donnée à l'avance par rapport à la valeur (70) limite de réglage d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur, qui a été déterminée en fonctionnement.
  11. Système (48) suivant la revendication 10,
    caractérisé en ce que l'unité (54) de commande est conçue pour commander un dispositif (20) anti-icing et/ou un dispositif (12) de chauffage de l'air d'aspiration et/ou un evap-cooler (10).
  12. Installation (2) de turbine à gaz, comportant un dispositif (18) de réglage d'aube de pré-rotation de compresseur,
    caractérisée par un dispositif (20) anti-icing et/ou un dispositif (12) de chauffage de l'air d'aspiration et un système (48) suivant la revendication 10 ou 11.
EP15702785.5A 2014-02-12 2015-02-05 Procédé et dispositif pour le fonctionnement d'une installation de turbine à gaz en mode de charge partielle Active EP3105435B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14154803.2A EP2907987A1 (fr) 2014-02-12 2014-02-12 Fonctionnement d'une installation de turbine à gaz en mode de charge partielle
PCT/EP2015/052412 WO2015121146A1 (fr) 2014-02-12 2015-02-05 Fonctionnement d'une installation de turbine à gaz dans un mode de fonctionnement à charge partielle

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EP3105435B1 true EP3105435B1 (fr) 2019-07-03

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AU2016217888B2 (en) * 2015-02-12 2020-07-02 Nuovo Pignone Tecnologie Srl Operation method for improving partial load efficiency in a gas turbine and gas turbine with improved partial load efficiency
EP3150804A1 (fr) * 2015-09-30 2017-04-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Reglage d'une vanne de derivation dans une charge partielle
KR101898386B1 (ko) * 2017-04-24 2018-09-12 두산중공업 주식회사 가스터빈 시스템 및 제어 방법
US10961909B2 (en) 2018-05-15 2021-03-30 General Electric Company Variable evaporative cooling system
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US11668239B2 (en) 2020-06-24 2023-06-06 General Electric Company System and method for controlling temperature in an air intake

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JP4699130B2 (ja) * 2005-08-03 2011-06-08 三菱重工業株式会社 ガスタービンの入口案内翼制御装置
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Publication number Publication date
EP2907987A1 (fr) 2015-08-19
US20160348690A1 (en) 2016-12-01
EP3105435A1 (fr) 2016-12-21
WO2015121146A1 (fr) 2015-08-20

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