EP3101189A1 - Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped - Google Patents
Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3101189A1 EP3101189A1 EP16156563.5A EP16156563A EP3101189A1 EP 3101189 A1 EP3101189 A1 EP 3101189A1 EP 16156563 A EP16156563 A EP 16156563A EP 3101189 A1 EP3101189 A1 EP 3101189A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- building unit
- depression
- prism
- angle
- bevelled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009416 shuttering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
- E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D21/00—Nestable, stackable or joinable containers; Containers of variable capacity
- B65D21/02—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
- B65D21/0201—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together stackable or joined together side-by-side
- B65D21/0204—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together stackable or joined together side-by-side and joined together by interconnecting formations forming part of the container, e.g. dove-tail, snap connections, hook elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D21/00—Nestable, stackable or joinable containers; Containers of variable capacity
- B65D21/02—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together
- B65D21/0209—Containers specially shaped, or provided with fittings or attachments, to facilitate nesting, stacking, or joining together stackable or joined together one-upon-the-other in the upright or upside-down position
- B65D21/023—Closed containers provided with local cooperating elements in the top and bottom surfaces, e.g. projection and recess
- B65D21/0231—Bottles, canisters or jars whereby the neck or handle project into a cooperating cavity in the bottom
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/36—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/361—Modular elements with complementary shapes, interengageable parts or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/22—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having a general shape differing from that of a parallelepiped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0213—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of round shape
Definitions
- the invention aims to reuse the recycled material in architecture and civil engineering. So far, architecture has not focused on recycling materials too much and, therefore, there is a lot of untapped potential.
- weight-based building units it is a brick-sized unit, lightweight but load-bearing, which allows mobility and flexibility of structures, specifically temporary ones.
- PET bricks as known at present, are described and documented on the Czech market. Two prototypes of PET bricks - star-shaped and bottle-shaped PET bricks - are known in the world. The brick sizes correspond to the sizes of bottles of different volumes because they are manufactured on a standardized line for bottle production.
- the star-shaped brick from Taiwan consists of two parts in the shape of a cylinder, which are turned relative to one another so they fit into each other when installed. They are developed in three sizes by volume: 400 ml, 670 ml and 6,000 ml.
- the disadvantage of the star-shaped brick design is that although the bricks are adapted in shape to fit into each other, they do not hold together, there is no interlocking mechanism. They need to be bonded with silicone and, moreover, connected with auxiliary plates.
- a plastic bottle-shaped brick is also known, i.e. a container for drinking water and a building unit in one.
- On the peripheral shell of the bottle there are projections and depressions and the individual units are held together so that these projections fit into the depressions; however the connecting method does not allow standard bond between bricks.
- This Swiss solution is problematic in particular in corners as well as on the brick-wall interface where additional structures, wires, must be used. With this bottle-shaped brick it is not possible to create multi-layered walls and conventional bonds between individual units.
- Another disadvantage of this solution is that it is shape-dependent, i.e. it looks like a bottle, can be gripped in one hand, even for the first use of the object, which is a user-friendly shape for beverage consumption.
- a transparent building element with a cavity is known under Czech utility model No. 27743; it is filled with a substance accumulating solar energy. This element consists of two parts and its material is not clear. It cannot be joined without mortar.
- a system of embedding PET bottles in a prefabricated wall is also known - Czech utility model No. 12054 and Czech patent No. 294 646 - wherein the binder is concrete, which is a disadvantage from an environmental viewpoint. Bottles only form air insulation in this case. PET bottles were also used in the building design of Czech patent No. 294 667 , in the prefabricated element of outer walls. The bottles act as self-acting shuttering there and help form cavities, but they are not load-bearing.
- Bottles intended for construction purposes are known and designed primarily of glass, Heineken WOBO and Bottle Brick of GlassLab, both in the United States of America. It is impossible to connect such units, produced from a hard and rigid material, such as glass and concrete, without using any other means.
- PET bottles are just one of the layers.
- Several Romanian patents have been found regarding a building and roof construction unit of plastic and, specifically, also PET, where the bottles are cast in other substances, such as concrete, etc., so they cannot be individually connected again. None of these examples allows binding between the components in the vertical direction and does not provide load-carrying capacity of the element.
- the deficiencies mentioned above are, to a large extent, eliminated by a building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped, based on this invention. Its essence is that it has the shape of a prism whose bottom has an aspect ratio of 1:2 and a bevel angle of 45°, with rounded corners with a unified radius.
- the prism height is equal to once to twice its width, with one shorter side of the prism having a projection in the shape of two continuous equal-armed crosses with rounding in the inner corners and the opposite shorter side has a negative depression matching the projection.
- the bottom has a depression for up to three necks of other building units, including caps, and the projections are bevelled on all sides at an angle of 45°, with the recesses being bevelled at an angle of 45° on all sides.
- the depression in the prism body has advantageously a spacing of 180° and its depth corresponds to the height of the neck with the cap, with the depression being terminated with a semi-circle whose radius matches the outer perimeter of the neck with the cap.
- the height of the projections is advantageously 0.2 mm smaller than the depth of the recesses and their width is 0.2 mm smaller than the width of the recesses,
- the corners have a unified radius of 10 mm.
- the building unit is advantageously made of recycled plastic, in particular materials selected from the group of PET, HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP.
- the building unit can be filled with a material selected from the group of liquid, gas and bulk materials and its walls can be covered with an adhesive substance.
- the essence of the invention is based on the need to address excessive plastic waste.
- the solution is derived from experiments carried out on PET bottles, where PET bottles turned out to be a load-carrying building unit.
- the building unit is self-supporting and can be connected without any additional adhesives, thus retaining its recyclability. It uses the flexibility of the plastic - polyethylene terephthalate - in the sense that the building units have a shape that allows their interconnection, thus the cohesion of units without any additional bonding material, such as an adhesive etc.
- the possibility of connection is provided by projections on the building unit - "brick", which fit into the recesses.
- the bricks can be connected using construction methods - by interlocking them together.
- the bricks can also be installed perpendicularly, i.e.
- the proposed solution allows multi-layer masonry, which can be more rugged and stable against external forces thanks to its joints.
- the bricks fit into one another on four sides: from the top, from the bottom, from the front - cap and from the back - bottom of the bottle.
- it is primarily made from recycled materials or from PET with a high share of recycled materials, thus entering the recycling cycle and extending its duration.
- Units can be advantageously made from plastics such as HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, but especially from PET.
- the building unit has the potential to fulfil several functions dependent on the specific composition of the recycled material: in construction but also as a container for beverages.
- the building unit meets the conditions for beverage filling. It is also possible to make a multi-layer unit with a high share of recycled materials, where only the inner layer complies with sanitary regulations.
- the building unit It is possible to fill the building unit with a liquid, especially water, gas, and especially with air and air with a high share of CO 2 and with solids, in particular bulk. It can also be filled with mixtures of substances.
- the building unit can be made in different sizes while preserving the principle of joining.
- the aspect ratio must comply with the proposed scheme, the size ratios depend on the shape and size of the closure.
- figure 1 shows an exemplary building unit in an exploded view.
- Figure 2 shows this unit in a bottom view.
- Figure 3 shows a side view and figure 4 a plan view.
- the dimensions of the building unit are based on the specificities of the production technology, mostly the dimensions of the injection / blowing mould. It has three parts, one bottom and two opposite parts enclosing the bottle perfectly from all sides. Considering the maximum height of 50 mm of the bottom part of this mould, all the other dimensions must be adapted. Another determining factor is the shape of the neck and the shape of the cap - i.e. Also the proposed brick.
- the aspect ratio is the principal property of the proposed solution.
- the layout aspect ratio must be 1 : 2, so that individual bricks can be easily joined into the resulting wall.
- projection a On the top surface of the building unit there is projection a in the shape of two continuous equal-armed crosses, with rounding on inner corners b .
- Projection a has thickness t of 6 to 40 mm and edge rounding a1 in the vertical direction, see the brick view.
- the difference in the vertical dimensions of projection a and the recess is defined using parameter q of o to 2 mm.
- the building unit - brick is unique in terms of materials and shape in combination with the method of sorting and joining without any additional materials.
- this brick is produced using the same method as PET bottles, without significant interference with standard technology.
- depression o On side n , which is opposite neck m , there is depression o on the central axis, which can accommodate up to three necks of other bricks, including caps.
- This depression o sinks in the body of the product with a spacing of 180° at a depth corresponding to the height of neck m , including the standard size of the cap, to which the material thickness is added.
- This depression o is, at the plane of view, terminated with semi-circle r whose radius of 17.2 mm is equal to the outer perimeter of the neck with a standard-size cap.
- the total profile of the moult for this depression o must run in a length not exceeding 55 mm from the edge of the product.
- edges pertaining to surfaces s which would contain a right angle, are bevelled once more at an angle of 45°, edge c is bevelled at a gradually changing angle between o and 45°, where o° is located at the tip of arc r .
- the building unit has the potential to fulfil several functions dependent on the specific composition of the recycled material: in construction but also as a container for beverages.
- the building unit can be produced in different sizes while maintaining its principle of joining, in particular from preforms which are intended for the production of 1.5 litre bottles.
- the aspect ratio must comply with the proposed scheme, the size ratios depend on the shape and size of the closure.
- the building unit is primarily made from recycled materials or from E with a high share of recycled materials.
- Units can be advantageously made from plastics such as HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, but especially from PET. It is possible to fill the unit with a liquid, especially water, gas, and especially with air and air with a high share of CO 2 with the advantage of pressurizing, and with solids, in particular bulk. It can also be filled with mixtures of substances.
- the bricks can be connected using construction methods - by interlocking them together.
- the bricks can also be installed perpendicularly, i.e. at an angle of 90°. The bricks fit into one another on four sides: from the top, from the bottom, from the front and from the back.
- the building unit - brick is made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) of any colour. It can be transparent, translucent as well as dull. Other materials suitable for production are recycled HDPE, LDPE, PE and PP.
- rPET polyethylene terephthalate
- the building unit of plastic according to this invention can be used in the construction of temporary buildings or mobile structures.
- the shape of the brick makes it also possible to build ordinary structures, too.
- the building unit is designed as a construction element intended for dry walling. When walling, individual construction elements are generally arranged in different patterns so as to achieve a rigid and strong final structure. For this purpose, it is desirable to produce individual elements industrially.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Containers Having Bodies Formed In One Piece (AREA)
- Stackable Containers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention aims to reuse the recycled material in architecture and civil engineering. So far, architecture has not focused on recycling materials too much and, therefore, there is a lot of untapped potential. As regards weight-based building units, it is a brick-sized unit, lightweight but load-bearing, which allows mobility and flexibility of structures, specifically temporary ones.
- PET bricks, as known at present, are described and documented on the Czech market. Two prototypes of PET bricks - star-shaped and bottle-shaped PET bricks - are known in the world. The brick sizes correspond to the sizes of bottles of different volumes because they are manufactured on a standardized line for bottle production.
- The star-shaped brick from Taiwan consists of two parts in the shape of a cylinder, which are turned relative to one another so they fit into each other when installed. They are developed in three sizes by volume: 400 ml, 670 ml and 6,000 ml. The disadvantage of the star-shaped brick design is that although the bricks are adapted in shape to fit into each other, they do not hold together, there is no interlocking mechanism. They need to be bonded with silicone and, moreover, connected with auxiliary plates.
- A plastic bottle-shaped brick is also known, i.e. a container for drinking water and a building unit in one. On the peripheral shell of the bottle there are projections and depressions and the individual units are held together so that these projections fit into the depressions; however the connecting method does not allow standard bond between bricks. This Swiss solution is problematic in particular in corners as well as on the brick-wall interface where additional structures, wires, must be used. With this bottle-shaped brick it is not possible to create multi-layered walls and conventional bonds between individual units. Another disadvantage of this solution is that it is shape-dependent, i.e. it looks like a bottle, can be gripped in one hand, even for the first use of the object, which is a user-friendly shape for beverage consumption. Another disadvantage is the very costly material these bottle-shaped bricks are made of. No information has been found that they are made from recycled materials.
A container for beverages made of plastic has been found in German patent No.19960520 , designed to have interlocking projections and depressions, but it is not clear from the drawings how the closure is resolved, for example for connecting additional parts. - A transparent building element with a cavity is known under Czech utility model No. 27743; it is filled with a substance accumulating solar energy. This element consists of two parts and its material is not clear. It cannot be joined without mortar. A system of embedding PET bottles in a prefabricated wall is also known - Czech utility model No. 12054 and Czech patent No. 294 646 - wherein the binder is concrete, which is a disadvantage from an environmental viewpoint. Bottles only form air insulation in this case. PET bottles were also used in the building design of Czech patent No.
294 667 - An interlocking modular system is protected by Czech utility model No. 6946, where moulded blocks are made of concrete, therefore lacking all the benefits that could be derived from the characteristics of plastics. PET bottle types of unusual shapes are also registered, for example Czech triangular bottles under Czech industrial design No. 34615 and bottles with tongue and groove on the vertical plane under Czech industrial design No. 28247. These have a potential that has not been used for unit connectivity. A Lego-type bottle with a projection and depressions is registered under Czech industrial design No. 33409. It is obvious from the type of projections that the bottles do not hold together connected by themselves and the purpose of the design the purpose of the design is not constructional, but only compositive. Bottles intended for construction purposes are known and designed primarily of glass, Heineken WOBO and Bottle Brick of GlassLab, both in the United States of America. It is impossible to connect such units, produced from a hard and rigid material, such as glass and concrete, without using any other means.
- Czech invention application No. 2624-97 has also been found, concerning the use of waste bottles of plastics for building purposes, where the author claims that it is possible to lay the bottles absolutely freely between vertical structures. Experiments and research using 150,000 PET bottles imply that such a solution does not have an actual determined and documented form. Another brick for mortar-less walls is Czech industrial design No. 13 800 from 1983, which proposes a brick of a similar shape, made of a rigid material. The bricks fit together, but only in two axes, with no regard given to their front and back joints.
The use of recycled PET is known even from Chinese patent application No.201410001247 - The deficiencies mentioned above are, to a large extent, eliminated by a building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped, based on this invention. Its essence is that it has the shape of a prism whose bottom has an aspect ratio of 1:2 and a bevel angle of 45°, with rounded corners with a unified radius. The prism height is equal to once to twice its width, with one shorter side of the prism having a projection in the shape of two continuous equal-armed crosses with rounding in the inner corners and the opposite shorter side has a negative depression matching the projection. Along its central axis, the bottom has a depression for up to three necks of other building units, including caps, and the projections are bevelled on all sides at an angle of 45°, with the recesses being bevelled at an angle of 45° on all sides.
- The depression in the prism body has advantageously a spacing of 180° and its depth corresponds to the height of the neck with the cap, with the depression being terminated with a semi-circle whose radius matches the outer perimeter of the neck with the cap.
- The height of the projections is advantageously 0.2 mm smaller than the depth of the recesses and their width is 0.2 mm smaller than the width of the recesses, The corners have a unified radius of 10 mm.
- The building unit is advantageously made of recycled plastic, in particular materials selected from the group of PET, HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP. The building unit can be filled with a material selected from the group of liquid, gas and bulk materials and its walls can be covered with an adhesive substance.
- The essence of the invention is based on the need to address excessive plastic waste. The solution is derived from experiments carried out on PET bottles, where PET bottles turned out to be a load-carrying building unit. The building unit is self-supporting and can be connected without any additional adhesives, thus retaining its recyclability. It uses the flexibility of the plastic - polyethylene terephthalate - in the sense that the building units have a shape that allows their interconnection, thus the cohesion of units without any additional bonding material, such as an adhesive etc. The possibility of connection is provided by projections on the building unit - "brick", which fit into the recesses. The bricks can be connected using construction methods - by interlocking them together. The bricks can also be installed perpendicularly, i.e. at an angle of 90°. Unlike the familiar drinking bottle, the proposed solution allows multi-layer masonry, which can be more rugged and stable against external forces thanks to its joints. The bricks fit into one another on four sides: from the top, from the bottom, from the front - cap and from the back - bottom of the bottle. Furthermore, it is primarily made from recycled materials or from PET with a high share of recycled materials, thus entering the recycling cycle and extending its duration. Units can be advantageously made from plastics such as HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, but especially from PET.
- The building unit has the potential to fulfil several functions dependent on the specific composition of the recycled material: in construction but also as a container for beverages. Subject to compliance with sanitary regulations using the bottle to bottle recycling method, the building unit meets the conditions for beverage filling. It is also possible to make a multi-layer unit with a high share of recycled materials, where only the inner layer complies with sanitary regulations.
- It is possible to fill the building unit with a liquid, especially water, gas, and especially with air and air with a high share of CO2 and with solids, in particular bulk. It can also be filled with mixtures of substances.
- The building unit can be made in different sizes while preserving the principle of joining. The aspect ratio must comply with the proposed scheme, the size ratios depend on the shape and size of the closure.
- The building unit as described in this invention will be described in greater detail on a specific embodiment using the attached charts, where figure 1 shows an exemplary building unit in an exploded view. Figure 2 shows this unit in a bottom view. Figure 3 shows a side view and figure 4 a plan view.
- Most of the restrictions on the dimensions of the building unit are based on the specificities of the production technology, mostly the dimensions of the injection / blowing mould. It has three parts, one bottom and two opposite parts enclosing the bottle perfectly from all sides. Considering the maximum height of 50 mm of the bottom part of this mould, all the other dimensions must be adapted. Another determining factor is the shape of the neck and the shape of the cap - i.e. Also the proposed brick. The aspect ratio is the principal property of the proposed solution. The layout aspect ratio must be 1 : 2, so that individual bricks can be easily joined into the resulting wall.
- The plan view of the building unit is based on a rectangle with an aspect ratio of 1 : 2, with edges bevelled at an angle of 45°. In all eight corners, rounding f has a unified radius of r = from 6 to 20 mm. Height h of the entire product is determined as once to twice the width, plus the height of projections a. Height g of the brick body is also defined: g = h-(v+p)). See the drawings.
- On the top surface of the building unit there is projection a in the shape of two continuous equal-armed crosses, with rounding on inner corners b. Projection a has thickness t of 6 to 40 mm and edge rounding a1 in the vertical direction, see the brick view. There is a matching negative recess on the bottom side of the unit, which the above-mentioned projection a fits in a holds fast. The difference in the vertical dimensions of projection a and the recess is defined using parameter q of o to 2 mm.
- Height v of 2 to 20 mm for these projections a is associated with depth p of depressions e on the bottom side of the brick as follows: p = v + q. The difference in the contour of depressions e from the contour of projections a in the plan view is also described by parameter q of 0 to 2 mm. Projections a are then bevelled again at an angle of 45° on all sides i, where they touch the plan view perimeter. The peripheral edges of depressions i at the bottom of the unit - product - are solved similarly.
- The building unit - brick is unique in terms of materials and shape in combination with the method of sorting and joining without any additional materials. In addition, this brick is produced using the same method as PET bottles, without significant interference with standard technology.
- On side n, which is opposite neck m, there is depression o on the central axis, which can accommodate up to three necks of other bricks, including caps. This depression o sinks in the body of the product with a spacing of 180° at a depth corresponding to the height of neck m, including the standard size of the cap, to which the material thickness is added. This depression o is, at the plane of view, terminated with semi-circle r whose radius of 17.2 mm is equal to the outer perimeter of the neck with a standard-size cap. The total profile of the moult for this depression o must run in a length not exceeding 55 mm from the edge of the product.
- All edges pertaining to surfaces s, which would contain a right angle, are bevelled once more at an angle of 45°, edge c is bevelled at a gradually changing angle between o and 45°, where o° is located at the tip of arc r.
- The building unit has the potential to fulfil several functions dependent on the specific composition of the recycled material: in construction but also as a container for beverages. The building unit can be produced in different sizes while maintaining its principle of joining, in particular from preforms which are intended for the production of 1.5 litre bottles. The aspect ratio must comply with the proposed scheme, the size ratios depend on the shape and size of the closure.
- Furthermore, the building unit is primarily made from recycled materials or from E with a high share of recycled materials. Units can be advantageously made from plastics such as HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP, but especially from PET. It is possible to fill the unit with a liquid, especially water, gas, and especially with air and air with a high share of CO2 with the advantage of pressurizing, and with solids, in particular bulk. It can also be filled with mixtures of substances. The bricks can be connected using construction methods - by interlocking them together. The bricks can also be installed perpendicularly, i.e. at an angle of 90°. The bricks fit into one another on four sides: from the top, from the bottom, from the front and from the back.
- The building unit - brick is made from recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) of any colour. It can be transparent, translucent as well as dull. Other materials suitable for production are recycled HDPE, LDPE, PE and PP.
- The building unit of plastic according to this invention can be used in the construction of temporary buildings or mobile structures. However, the shape of the brick makes it also possible to build ordinary structures, too. The building unit is designed as a construction element intended for dry walling. When walling, individual construction elements are generally arranged in different patterns so as to achieve a rigid and strong final structure. For this purpose, it is desirable to produce individual elements industrially.
Claims (8)
- A building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped, characterized in that it has the shape of a prism whose bottom (n) has an aspect ratio of 1 : 2 and bevelled edges (z) at an angle of 45° with rounded corners (f) with a unified radius and the height of the prism is also equal to once to twice its width, with one shorter side of the prism having projection (a) in the shape of two continuous equal-armed crosses, with rounding on inner corners (b) and the opposite shorter side having negative depression (e) matching projection (a), and bottom (n) having depression (o) for up to three necks of other building units, including caps, on its central axis and with projections (a) on all edges (i) being bevelled at an angle of 45° and depressions (e) on all edges(j) being bevelled at an angle of 45°.
- The building unit as in Claim 1, wherein depression (o) has a spacing of 180° in the body of the prism and a depth corresponding to the height of neck (m) with a cap, with depression (o) being terminated in the plane of view with semi-circle (r) whose radius matches the outer perimeter of the neck with the cap.
- The building unit as in Claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of projections (a) is up to 0.2 mm smaller than the depth of depression (e) and the width of projections (a) is up to 0.2 mm smaller than the width of depression (e).
- The building unit as in any of the above Claims, wherein corners (f) have a unified radius of 10 mm.
- The building unit as in any of the above Claims, wherein the unit is made from recycled plastics.
- The building unit as in any of the above Claims 1 to 4, wherein the unit is made from a material selected from the group of PET, HDPE, LDPE, PE, PP.
- The building unit as in any of the above Claims, wherein the unit is filled with a material selected from the group of liquid, gas and bulk materials.
- The building unit as in any of the above Claims, wherein its walls are covered with an adhesive substance.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CZ2015-115A CZ306019B6 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2015-02-20 | Building unit made of plastic, especially in the form of a bottle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3101189A1 true EP3101189A1 (en) | 2016-12-07 |
EP3101189B1 EP3101189B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
Family
ID=56120846
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16156563.5A Active EP3101189B1 (en) | 2015-02-20 | 2016-02-19 | Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3101189B1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ306019B6 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE035946T2 (en) |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2185276A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-15 | Plessis Andries Hendrik Du | Building blocks |
CZ6946U1 (en) | 1997-10-22 | 1997-12-29 | Best A.S. | Modular system of building elements |
US5779051A (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-07-14 | Boutin; Raymond | Two-plane stacking container for liquids |
CZ262497A3 (en) | 1997-08-18 | 1999-03-17 | František Kukelka | Process for employing waste bottles of artificial material for building purposes |
CZ12054U1 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2002-03-11 | Kloknerův Ústav Čvut | Unit construction system for low-rise prefabricated erection of buildings |
US20030132184A1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-17 | Dorn James C. | Plastic container |
CZ294667B6 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2005-02-16 | Kloknerův Ústav Čvut | Prefabricated element of perimeter masonry, particularly for dry stone walling |
CZ294646B6 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2005-02-16 | Kloknerův Ústav Čvut | Sectional system for low-rise prefabricated erection of building objects |
US20090090647A1 (en) * | 2007-10-07 | 2009-04-09 | Rahul Panchal | Interlocking container assembled to form useful structures |
US20130213846A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Friendship Products Llc | Modular interlocking containers |
CN103835428A (en) | 2014-01-02 | 2014-06-04 | 孟繁博 | Luminous PET-brick powder building block |
WO2015001275A1 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Fbc Sarl | Recyclable container in the form of a building block, and building structure formed from such containers |
CZ27743U1 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2015-01-26 | Ego 93, S.R.O. | Building element |
CZ28247U1 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-25 | Dalimil TachecĂ | Moldable building element |
CZ33409U1 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-11-19 | Vu Stavebnich Hmot A S | Fibre-cement board with embossed structure on the face |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4624383A (en) * | 1985-10-17 | 1986-11-25 | Moore Roger F | Environmental building block container system |
DE19517460A1 (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-11-14 | Reinhold Moser | Multiple packaging system for liquids |
AUPR975501A0 (en) * | 2001-12-21 | 2002-01-31 | Aci Operations Pty. Limited | Modular bottle |
ITPD20020075A1 (en) * | 2002-03-25 | 2003-09-25 | Acqua Minerale S Benedetto S P | PLASTIC BOTTLE PARTICULARLY FOR THE CONTAINMENT OF DRINKS. |
EP2467306B1 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2014-04-30 | B. Everett Hendrickson | Modular interlocking containers |
-
2015
- 2015-02-20 CZ CZ2015-115A patent/CZ306019B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2016
- 2016-02-19 HU HUE16156563A patent/HUE035946T2/en unknown
- 2016-02-19 EP EP16156563.5A patent/EP3101189B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2185276A (en) * | 1986-01-13 | 1987-07-15 | Plessis Andries Hendrik Du | Building blocks |
US5779051A (en) * | 1996-09-09 | 1998-07-14 | Boutin; Raymond | Two-plane stacking container for liquids |
CZ262497A3 (en) | 1997-08-18 | 1999-03-17 | František Kukelka | Process for employing waste bottles of artificial material for building purposes |
CZ6946U1 (en) | 1997-10-22 | 1997-12-29 | Best A.S. | Modular system of building elements |
CZ294667B6 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2005-02-16 | Kloknerův Ústav Čvut | Prefabricated element of perimeter masonry, particularly for dry stone walling |
CZ12054U1 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2002-03-11 | Kloknerův Ústav Čvut | Unit construction system for low-rise prefabricated erection of buildings |
CZ294646B6 (en) | 2001-11-12 | 2005-02-16 | Kloknerův Ústav Čvut | Sectional system for low-rise prefabricated erection of building objects |
US20030132184A1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-17 | Dorn James C. | Plastic container |
US20090090647A1 (en) * | 2007-10-07 | 2009-04-09 | Rahul Panchal | Interlocking container assembled to form useful structures |
US20130213846A1 (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-08-22 | Friendship Products Llc | Modular interlocking containers |
WO2015001275A1 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2015-01-08 | Fbc Sarl | Recyclable container in the form of a building block, and building structure formed from such containers |
CN103835428A (en) | 2014-01-02 | 2014-06-04 | 孟繁博 | Luminous PET-brick powder building block |
CZ27743U1 (en) | 2014-11-11 | 2015-01-26 | Ego 93, S.R.O. | Building element |
CZ28247U1 (en) | 2015-01-16 | 2015-05-25 | Dalimil TachecĂ | Moldable building element |
CZ33409U1 (en) | 2019-10-24 | 2019-11-19 | Vu Stavebnich Hmot A S | Fibre-cement board with embossed structure on the face |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
HUE035946T2 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
CZ2015115A3 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
CZ306019B6 (en) | 2016-06-22 |
EP3101189B1 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20220193977A1 (en) | Modular interlocking containers with enhanced lateral connectivity features | |
CN103798075A (en) | Combined type greening body | |
CN104271454A (en) | Containers having improved vacuum resistance | |
EP3101189B1 (en) | Building unit of plastic, in particular bottle-shaped | |
CN102852250A (en) | Hollow combined wall body with architecture framework structure | |
CN203129426U (en) | Lightweight assembled plate type building block | |
CN101628638B (en) | Bottle with reinforcing ribs | |
CN203344236U (en) | Rotational molding water storage tank mold | |
CN201560518U (en) | Brick | |
CN202966828U (en) | Novel simulated brick-shaped bottle | |
CN202080570U (en) | Fastening type multi-compartment bottle | |
CN201457807U (en) | Bottle with reinforcing ribs | |
CN203458104U (en) | Frame body | |
CN202981218U (en) | Foldable vase | |
KR20120119035A (en) | Pet bottle which has groove of an internal screw type capabling of bonding a external screw type tap of pet bottle at bottom thereof | |
CN211077075U (en) | Assembled container | |
CN101012692A (en) | Honeycomb brick and processing method therefor | |
CN201071145Y (en) | Container for packaging chemical industry dry powder | |
CN101314657B (en) | Package container, package container manufacturing method, and manufacturing method for material for the package container | |
CN203199314U (en) | Vertical fully-plastic storage tank | |
CN201317105Y (en) | Bottle bottom mould for extrusion-shaped plastic bottle | |
CN202273389U (en) | Positive arc position plaster angular line | |
CN203977763U (en) | Plasticized tile | |
CN202755531U (en) | Built-in mold used for hollow floor system | |
KR101289914B1 (en) | Synthetic wood block assembly |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20160414 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: E04B 2/22 20060101ALI20170421BHEP Ipc: B65D 21/02 20060101ALI20170421BHEP Ipc: E04B 2/02 20060101ALI20170421BHEP Ipc: B65D 81/36 20060101ALI20170421BHEP Ipc: E04B 2/18 20060101AFI20170421BHEP |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20170511 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 934190 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20171015 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602016000483 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20171004 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG4D |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180104 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180105 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180204 Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: BG Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20180104 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: HU Ref legal event code: AG4A Ref document number: E035946 Country of ref document: HU |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R097 Ref document number: 602016000483 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20180705 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20180803 Year of fee payment: 3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20180228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180219 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST Effective date: 20181031 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180219 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180228 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180228 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602016000483 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190228 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190228 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20180219 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20190903 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: TR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20171004 Ref country code: CY Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20171004 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20200219 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20200219 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: UEP Ref document number: 934190 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20171004 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: HU Payment date: 20230228 Year of fee payment: 8 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20240405 Year of fee payment: 9 |