EP3100330B1 - Système de commande de puissance reconfigurable - Google Patents

Système de commande de puissance reconfigurable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3100330B1
EP3100330B1 EP15740354.4A EP15740354A EP3100330B1 EP 3100330 B1 EP3100330 B1 EP 3100330B1 EP 15740354 A EP15740354 A EP 15740354A EP 3100330 B1 EP3100330 B1 EP 3100330B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power
control system
power control
controller
outlets
Prior art date
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EP15740354.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3100330A4 (fr
EP3100330A1 (fr
Inventor
Matthew Wootton
John Wootton
Justin Mckinney
Lloyd Herbert King, Jr.
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Ivani LLC
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Ivani LLC
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Publication of EP3100330A4 publication Critical patent/EP3100330A4/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00024—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/10—Constant-current supply systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/242—Home appliances
    • Y04S20/246—Home appliances the system involving the remote operation of lamps or lighting equipment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power control system for a structure.
  • This disclosure is also related to a controller for a power system within a structure such as a residence or business.
  • the control system generally serves to provide centralized control of power distribution on both AC and DC circuits wired into the structure.
  • EIA Energy Information Administration
  • LEDs for the same level of lumen light emission as an incandescent bulb, can consume as little as one sixth to one tenth of the power of an incandescent bulb.
  • Use of LED technology for lighting therefore, offers the residential home owner the opportunity to reduce their electrical energy consumption by 10% if used consistently. This opportunity has resulted in a plethora of new light bulbs and new fixtures which utilize LEDs hitting the market.
  • the LED bulbs and fixtures that are provided currently are configured to interface into existing fixtures normally utilizing an Edison screw connector in the United States and a universal bayonet type format in many European countries.
  • the LED fixtures are therefore designed to replace traditional incandescent bulbs in existing sockets and fixtures already installed into an older structure. They are, effectively, LED light bulbs where the LEDs and associated control electronics are all self-contained and provided in a format which can simply be attached in place of a traditional incandescent bulb onto the internal AC wiring of the structure.
  • the "light bulb” carrying the LEDs will, therefore, generally be configured to interface with the existing residential or commercial AC supply (normally 110 V 60 Hz in the US) and will need to supply everything to allow the LED device to operate with simple wired connection to an AC power source.
  • LEDs are, however, direct current (DC) driven solid state devices and, moreover, are low voltage DC devices.
  • DC direct current
  • each "LED bulb” has to carry its own AC to DC conversion electronics to allow for the LED to obtain useable power from the AC based wiring infrastructure in the building. Further, they generally have to include electronics to bleed off excess wattage to make sure that there is not too much power provided to the LEDs.
  • LED lighting which utilizes batteries instead of being connected to the AC grid, or which can be directed to direct energy generation sources such as solar panels which readily produce DC power. While this can be an effective solution, it is far from efficient as even while LEDs can run for many years off of batteries, this arrangement produces a large amount of battery waste and many direct generation sources are only useable in certain circumstances.
  • the cost of wiring in a new structure generally has two components, first the cost of the wire itself, and second, the cost of the labor to install it.
  • the major driver is the labor, but the material is not inconsequential at 20 to 30% of the total cost.
  • the wiring of residential and even commercial lighting is generally straightforward for devices such as outlets and lights where one light or bank of lights is controlled from one switch. However, there are times, such as at a stairwell, hallway, or certain rooms with multiple entrances and exits, where a light is controlled from two or more locations. Similarly fans and plug outlets are sometimes controlled from two or more locations.
  • the two-way, three-way and higher way arrangement of switches requires significantly more labor time from more experienced electricians, specialized components, and more wire to interconnect the operation.
  • a system is wired simply where the wires connect directly to the outlet from both switches, one has to turn both switches off to turn the outlet off, while any one of them being on will result in power.
  • This does not allow for free toggling.
  • wiring a single bulb to be controlled from two switches with free toggling requires replacing the standard two-way switches normally used in lighting applications with three-way switches (or an equivalent circuit), wired in a particular pattern.
  • three-way and four-way switches are required in particular patterns. This complication therefore costs significantly extra to install both in parts (due to the more complicated switches and additional wiring) and labor (to make sure they are connected correctly).
  • WO 2011/055199 discloses a residential electricity distribution board provided with an AC power distributing means for distributing AC power supplied from an AC power supply to a plurality of AC apparatuses, a power converting means for converting AC power from the AC power supply into DC power, a DC power distributing means for distributing DC power converted by the power converting means to a plurality of DC apparatuses, and a casing wherein the power distributing means and the power converting means are installed. In a state wherein the casing is installed indoors, the AC power distributing means and the DC power distributing means are arranged above the power converting means.
  • US 2011/175553 discloses a Distributed Lighting Control System (DLCS) based upon a distributed lighting system, which imbeds luminaire devices in structural materials such as ceiling tiles and wallboard.
  • DLCS Distributed Lighting Control System
  • Each luminaire device is attached to a power network, and each luminaire device includes, or is directly associated with, an electronic circuit component that controls the activation and operation of the luminaire.
  • the power network is energized based on signals conveyed to the circuit through wireless means or through signals imposed upon the power grid. Said signals are generated by the DLCS-controller, which is resident within the structure that contains the DLCS.
  • the rails utilize a centralized controller along with a plurality of distributed controllers to allow for power in the rails to be selectively distributed or not distributed to outlets attached to the rails. This allows for power to be distributed without the need for users to utilize hardwired switches, but to instead utilize generally wireless switch modules, which may be implemented in hardware and/or software to control the outlets. It also allows for devices designed to utilize DC power to be directly supplied with such power from the DC power rail without the need to include onboard AC-DC converters with each device.
  • a power control system for a structure, the system comprising: a central controller electrically connected to: an AC distributed controller by a wire carrying alternating current (AC) power; and a DC distributed controller by a wire carrying direct current (DC) power; a main breaker connecting said central controller to an AC power source, said central controller including: an AC to DC power converter; and a computer for transferring instructions; wherein, said central controller can transmit instructions and AC power to said AC distributed controller and instructions and DC power to said DC distributed power controller; a plurality of outlets, each of said outlets: connected to at least one of said AC distributed power controller or said DC distributed power controller; and including a coupler for connection to a device utilizing AC or DC power; a plurality of switch modules, each of said modules being operatively associated with at least one of said outlets so that when said module is activated: said module transmits a signal to said central controller; said signal is converted by said computer into an instruction; said instruction is sent by said central controller to said distributed controller to which said
  • the AC power source comprises a municipal power grid.
  • the main breaker comprises a circuit breaker or a fuse box.
  • the switch module comprises a hardware switch.
  • the switch module comprises a mobile device.
  • the switch module comprises a computer.
  • the AC distributed power controller includes a computer.
  • the AC distributed power controller includes a plurality of relay switches.
  • the DC distributed power controller includes a computer.
  • the DC distributed power controller includes a plurality of relay switches.
  • at least one of said outlets is designed to be attached to a light emitting diode (LED) illumination device.
  • LED illumination device need not include a power control circuit and/or an AC to DC converter.
  • At least one of said outlets is designed to directly connect to a charging cable of a mobile device.
  • a house or other structure used by humans will traditionally have a power distribution system arranged within it.
  • this is usually referred to as the structures "wiring” as wires will extend from a central main breaker to distribute power which is obtained by the main breaker from an external power grid to a variety of outlets through the structure.
  • the distribution systems will be referred to as "rails”. This is a term commonly used in computer circuit design to refer to the primary source of power on a circuit board but is not commonly used in housing. This term is used herein as it provides for a clearer term more connected with the idea that the rail is the infrastructure portion of the wiring in the structure.
  • a power outlet is generally a point of connection which allows for devices which can be completely external to the power rail to be connected to the power rail.
  • fixtures which may comprise objects such as ceiling fans or light sockets where the object is actually affixed in a position that does not allow any third party object to connect to the rail at that point.
  • fixtures usually include switches which allow power to them to be turned on or off.
  • a light "fixture” for holding a light bulb
  • a plug “outlet” into which a table lamp can be plugged
  • outlets that include switches allowing power to them to be alternatively supplied or not are switched outlets (with switched outlets generally comprising the vast majority, if not all, the outlets in most embodiments of the system), while those that will always supply power to anything connected to them at all times are unswitched outlets.
  • a “mobile device” may be, but is not limited to, a smart phone, tablet PC, e-reader, or any other type of mobile device capable of executing the described functions.
  • the mobile device is network-enabled and communicating with a server system providing services over a telecommunication network.
  • computer describes hardware which generally implements functionality provided by digital computing technology, particularly computing functionality associated with microprocessors.
  • the term “computer” is not intended to be limited to any specific type of computing device, but it is intended to be inclusive of all computational devices including, but not limited to: processing devices, microprocessors, personal computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, workstations, terminals, servers, clients, portable computers, handheld computers, smart phones, tablet computers, mobile devices, server farms, hardware appliances, minicomputers, mainframe computers, video game consoles, handheld video game products, and wearable computing devices including but not limited to eyewear, wristwear, pendants, and clip-on devices.
  • a "computer” is necessarily an abstraction of the functionality provided by a single computer device outfitted with the hardware and accessories typical of computers in a particular role.
  • the term “computer” in reference to a laptop computer would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to include the functionality provided by pointer-based input devices, such as a mouse or track pad, whereas the term “computer” used in reference to an enterprise-class server would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to include the functionality provided by redundant systems, such as RAID drives and dual power supplies.
  • ⁇ can refer to a single, standalone, self-contained device or to a plurality of machines working together or independently, including without limitation: a network server farm, "cloud” computing system, software-as-a-service, or other distributed or collaborative computer networks.
  • the term "software” refers to code objects, program logic, command structures, data structures and definitions, source code, executable and/or binary files, machine code, object code, compiled libraries, implementations, algorithms, libraries, or any instruction or set of instructions capable of being executed by a computer processor, or capable of being converted into a form capable of being executed by a computer processor, including without limitation virtual processors, or by the use of run-time environments, virtual machines, and/or interpreters.
  • software can be wired or embedded into hardware, including without limitation onto a microchip, and still be considered "software" within the meaning of this disclosure.
  • software includes without limitation: instructions stored or storable in RAM, ROM, flash memory BIOS, CMOS, mother and daughter board circuitry, hardware controllers, USB controllers or hosts, peripheral devices and controllers, video cards, audio controllers, network cards, Bluetooth® and other wireless communication devices, virtual memory, storage devices and associated controllers, firmware, and device drivers.
  • media holding software including without limitation terms such as “media,” “storage media,” and “memory,” may include or exclude transitory media such as signals and carrier waves.
  • web refers generally to computers programmed to communicate over a network using the HyperText Transfer Protocol (“HTTP"), and/or similar and/or related protocols including but not limited to HTTP Secure (“HTTPS”) and Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol (“SHTP”).
  • HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
  • HTTPS HTTP Secure
  • SHTP Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • a “web server” is a computer receiving and responding to HTTP requests
  • a “web client” is a computer having a user agent sending and receiving responses to HTTP requests.
  • the user agent is generally web browser software.
  • network generally refers to a voice, data, or other telecommunications network over which computers communicate with each other.
  • server generally refers to a computer providing a service over a network
  • client generally refers to a computer accessing or using a service provided by a server over a network.
  • server and “client” may refer to hardware, software, and/or a combination of hardware and software, depending on context.
  • server and “client” may refer to endpoints of a network communication or network connection, including but not necessarily limited to a network socket connection.
  • a “server” may comprise a plurality of software and/or hardware servers delivering a service or set of services.
  • host may, in noun form, refer to an endpoint of a network communication or network (e.g. "a remote host"), or may, in verb form, refer to a server providing a service over a network (“hosts a website”), or an access point for a service over a network.
  • switch may be, but is not limited to, a physical switch, an electro-optical switch, a solid state switch or a transistor, or FET or IGBT or any other electronic or mechanical device that can operate as a switch.
  • a switch is generally a two state device that can connect with little impedance one component to another and/or power rail from another with low impedance, and in its second state, can isolate (with high impedance) the two components and/or power rails.
  • the system and methods discussed herein are designed to provide for an embodiment of a distribution system within a structure, generally a residence, office building, or other human constructed structure, with the ability to have two power rails.
  • One rail is designed to carry alternating current (AC) power while the other is designed to carry direct current (DC) power.
  • Current homes utilize a single rail which distributes only AC power.
  • the rail systems are provided under the control of a central controller (101) and a variety of distributed controllers (201) and (301) that provide switch banks used in conjunction with remote switch modules in place of standard hardwired switches.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment of a distributed power control system (100) is provided in FIG. 1 in a general block format.
  • a central controller (101) is provided which is generally connected to two separate distribution systems.
  • AC distribution components AC rail
  • DC rail DC distribution components
  • Each side includes at least one distributed controller (201) or (301), and a plurality of outlets (501) and (601) attached to the various controllers (201) or (301).
  • the central controller (101) acts to connect distributed controllers (201) and (301), can provide "coarse” power management for traditional AC circuits (e.g. to shut off a whole room, side of the house, etc. as is currently done using circuit breakers), and can monitor the "coarse” energy consumption of systems for purposes of efficiency feedback.
  • the central controller (101) takes in power from a traditional AC main fuse box or circuit breaker (main breaker (10)) taking AC power from a traditional power grid to which the structure is connected.
  • the main breaker (10) is also connected to the AC distributed controllers (301) which are wired into the system and are also supplied power by the main breaker (10).
  • Each AC distributed controller (301) is then attached to at least one AC outlet (601).
  • Essentially everything on the left side of FIG. 1 comprises the AC rail and it includes the main breaker (10), the central controller (101), the AC distributed controllers (301), and the AC outlets (601).
  • the central controller (101) is attached to at least one DC distributed controller (201), each of which is generally attached to at least one DC outlet (501).
  • the DC rail includes the central controller (101), the DC distributed controllers (201), and the DC outlets (501).
  • the DC rail includes the central controller (101), the DC distributed controllers (201), and the DC outlets (501).
  • the central controller (101) may be connected to a DC power source. It should be understood, that at the time of this writing, municipal electrical grids are generally AC only. However, in the future, that may change and DC power from a connected grid may be provided directly to the central controller (101) via a DC breaker or similar connection. Further, the concept of microgeneration, where power for a structure is not only obtained from a large central power generation plant via the grid but from power generation limited to the structure (e.g. attached solar panels or windmills) is gaining in popularity. Some of these microgenerators will readily produce AC power (e.g. windmills), while others more readily generate DC power (e.g. solar panels). To the extent that a localized power source is provided, it will generally be connected into the system via the appropriate access point. For an AC source, this will be into the main breaker (10); for a DC source this would generally be directly into the central controller (101).
  • the central controller (101) provides for the primary and “coarse” control on distribution of power along both the AC and DC rails.
  • the central controller (101) also serves as an AC to DC power conversion system which produces a generally "low voltage" DC signal in a highly efficient manner. The efficiency is primarily provided by it being a single point of conversion. This allows for more robust electronics to be used in conversion, for there to be fewer electronic components used, and for the system to generally centralize AC to DC power conversion.
  • the controller may also have access to a variety of DC generation systems which can be distributed directly as contemplated above.
  • the central controller (101) is generally located near, and preferably alongside or even internal to, the main breaker (10) (a fuse box or circuit breaker in most cases) of a structure. Power for the central controller (101) will generally be supplied from the main breaker (10) which, barring special circumstances, will supply a continuous supply of AC power to the central controller (101) and the AC distributed controllers (231). In the event that the main breaker (10) is tripped, or power is cutoff (e.g. because of a portion of the municipal grid being damaged in a storm), power may be supplied to the central controller (101) via an attached DC source (such as, but not limited to, solar panels), from a storage system such as batteries, or emergency backup generators (such as, but not limited to, hydrocarbon fueled electrical generators).
  • an attached DC source such as, but not limited to, solar panels
  • a storage system such as batteries
  • emergency backup generators such as, but not limited to, hydrocarbon fueled electrical generators
  • the central controller (101) generally has three primary sub-elements, namely, control electronics or computer (111), such as, but not limited to, a digital processor usually in combination with memory components and communication components such as a wireless receiver of types well known to those of ordinary skill in the art for receiving signals from a network.
  • the computer (111) will generally be configured to receive various forms of input signals, convert those signals into a command for the distributed controllers (201) and (301), and transmit that instruction to a similar computer at the appropriate controller (201) or (301). Alternatively, the instructions may be sent in a fashion that does not require a computer to interpret at the distributed controllers (201) or (301), eliminating the need for a computer to be present there.
  • the central controller (101) will also generally include an AC-DC converter (113) and may include a small internal backup DC supply (115) in the event of a main power failure. This last option is optional but will generally be present to provide for some control and power to the central controller (101) in the event of AC power not being received from the main breaker (10).
  • the AC-DC converter (113) will generally comprise electronics configured to take in standard AC voltage supplied from the electrical grid to which the structure is attached, and convert this to a DC voltage.
  • the input AC voltage may be part of the main signal and supplied in any voltage and amperage as can the DC voltage.
  • the AC-DC converter (113) in the central controller (101) will commonly be connected to the main breaker (10) after the main breaker (10) has been connected to the grid and, therefore, the main breaker (10) can distribute power to the central controller (101) in the traditional manner.
  • the central controller (101) would, thus, take in standard AC grid power from the main breaker (101). This power is used both to power the computer (111) as well as supply a power source to the AC-DC converter (113) which isolates it, rectifies it, and outputs a coarse (in terms of voltage stability and ripple) low voltage DC output to the DC distributed controllers (201).
  • the AC-DC converter (113) can be provided in a modular form within the central controller (101) where the amount of conversion capability in the central controller (101) is regulated by the number of AC-DC converter (113) modules installed.
  • each module may be capable of nominally handling 500 watts. Structures requiring more DC power than this from a single central controller (101) are accommodated by providing additional slots within the central controller (101) mounting extra AC-DC converter (113) modules which would add capability in generally 500 watt increments. AC-DC converter (113) modules would simply be slotted as needed to meet the power demand of the DC rail.
  • AC-DC converter (113) modules would be fairly straightforward comprising necessary AC-DC converter (113) electronics appropriate for the size of conversion they will perform, and a form of quick release electrical connector allowing for them to be quickly connected and disconnected from the central controller (101).
  • the AC-DC converter (113) modules would be short-circuit proofed, and they will be able to measure and store the output current and voltage of that AC-DC converter (113), thereby establishing the system power consumed by each module.
  • the output of the AC-DC converter (113) in the central controller (101) is the raw supply that feeds each DC distributed controller (201). Further, that DC power can also provide charging of the backup power unit (115) if provided, or can feed an attached DC power storage system, if desired. In an embodiment, the central controller (101) could also supply excess power back into the municipal grid, if the grid was capable of such an action.
  • DC (201) and AC (301) distributed controllers Connected to the central controller (101) is at least one and generally a plurality of DC (201) and AC (301) distributed controllers. These distribute electricity from one to many individually switchable circuits within themselves to provide for independent control of connected DC (501) and AC (601) outlets.
  • Each of the distributed controllers (201) and (301) may also relay information from the switch modules (401) to the central controller (101); communicate status information to the central controller (101); communicate with switch modules (401) directly; and/or monitor energy use at the distributed controller (201) or (301) and relay this information to the central controller (101) or an external monitor.
  • the DC (201) and AC (301) distributed controllers will comprise hardware components and switches with an attached computer.
  • the DC distributed controllers (201) will be used primarily to control outlets (501) for use with a low voltage DC lighting system.
  • the outlets are generally built into the structure into which the system (100) has been installed.
  • the lighting system is generally based around providing specially designed outlets (501) for connection of low voltage LED "light bulbs" which are easily replaceable, highly reliable, unobtrusive, provide a low fire risk, and can utilize inexpensive DC wiring. They usually have an advantage over current LED bulbs in that they do not need onboard AC-DC conversion capability and associated electronics.
  • DC rail While lighting is not the only purpose of the DC rail in all embodiments, and the DC rail will generally be designed to provide a variety of outlets (501) suitable for different DC powered devices, because of the efficiencies of LED lighting, it is expected, in an embodiment, that the principle source of DC outlets (501) would be specialized outlets for connection to LED lighting.
  • the couplers provided by the DC outlets (501) can utilize any form of connection technology and will be designed to directly interface with DC powered devices.
  • lighting outlets (501) on the DC rail may, but do not need to, use Edison screw couplers.
  • the outlets (501) would not use such couplers as this could encourage the installation of traditional LED bulbs into these outlets (501).
  • traditional bulbs include unnecessary electronics when connected to DC rail as opposed to the AC rail, they would be inefficient in this application, if they worked at all.
  • the couplers in the outlets (501) used for lighting will generally be specific to a class of LED bulbs which are designed to directly connect to a DC rail and comprise minimal electronics hardware other than the specific LED components.
  • other useful DC based couplers can also be provided at outlets (501) for connections to other DC devices.
  • Connectors in the outlets (501) can include the currently ubiquitous universal serial bus (USB) 5V connector commonly used on the charging cables for mobile devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, and portable music players.
  • automotive cigarette lighter style connectors e.g. ANSI/SAE J563 specification
  • 12V or 6V can be provided.
  • outlets (501) such as providing couplers designed to directly connect to smart electronic fixtures (such as, but not limited to, thermostats, smoke alarms, carbon monoxide detectors, or even certain computers) or built in devices such as chargers for removable rechargeable chemical batteries, flashlights, or radios.
  • smart electronic fixtures such as, but not limited to, thermostats, smoke alarms, carbon monoxide detectors, or even certain computers
  • built in devices such as chargers for removable rechargeable chemical batteries, flashlights, or radios.
  • Each DC distributed controller (201) is nominally a unit associated with a logical division in a structure.
  • each DC distributed controller (201) may correspond to a level of a residence, a room, a location in a structure (e.g. the ceiling), a logical bank of outlets (e.g. 10 outlets which light a similar area such as the exterior of the structure), a single outlet, or some other form of logical subdivision.
  • each DC distributed controller (201) comprises a bank of solid-state DC relays, which are activated in accordance with the commands from the computer (111), associated communication electronics, and memory onboard the DC distributed controller (201).
  • AC distributed controllers (301) are generally similar but receive power to be distributed directly from the main breaker (10) as opposed to the central controller (101) which will generally only send instructions.
  • Alternative switches, or devices which may behave in a switching or changing capacity even if they don't actually switch can be used instead of or in addition to the relay switches contemplated herein.
  • the switching can be accomplished by any hardware or software system which is capable of modifying any property of the voltage which is to be provided from the distributed controller (201) or (301) to the outlets (501) or (601).
  • a DC distributed controller (201) generally receives as instruction a serial word from the computer (111) that designates the desired state of a relay or simply to change a relay from one binary state to another (e.g. from on to off or off to on). It also receives coarse power from the AC-DC converter (113). Generally the coarse power received at the DC distributed controller (201) is DC to DC converted at the DC distributed controller (201) to a precise voltage based on the type and number of outlets (501) connected to the distributed controller (and those outlet's purpose), and fed to each relay as the input to a pole of the relay. Upon actuation, each relay in turn feeds each outlet (501) associated with it.
  • the wiring from the distributed control point DC unit (201) is preferably wiring designed to enhance transport of low voltage, low wattage, DC power.
  • the AC side includes at least one and generally more AC distributed controllers (301) which control AC outlets (601) in the structure. These units (301) similarly receive a serial command signal from the central controller (101), and activate or de-activate a single phase AC line, thereby giving the central controller (101) control over designated AC outlets (601) in the same fashion as it has with DC outlets (501). Similar control may be provided for other AC lines such as, but not limited to, three-phase lines, if desired.
  • FIG. 2 provides an embodiment of how the AC line can be connected to AC outlets (601) and various switch modules (401).
  • the operation of the distributed controllers (201) and (301) provides for a variety of different control methodologies on both power rails.
  • the individual distributed controllers (201) and (301) each control a portion of the power rail systems within the structure
  • the individual distributed controllers (201) and (301) can control both the entirety of outlets (501) and (601) on that distributed controller (201) or (301), as well as any individual outlet (501) and (601) on that distributed controller (201) and (301) by simply determining how to distribute power from itself to the outlets (501) and (601) it is connected to.
  • switches for the outlets (501) and (601) in the structure can now be provided which are disconnected from the wiring of the specific outlet (501) or (601) that they are to control. For this reason there is provided at least one, and generally a plurality of, switch modules (401). These are referred to as “stick on” as they can generally be placed anywhere and do not require a fixed attachment point or connection.
  • the switch modules (401) provide "switches” which send a signal back to a distributed controller (201) or (301) or more commonly the central controller (101) when they are activated by a user (e.g. by pushing a button on their face, applying heat to them, etc.).
  • the switch modules (401) are generally unobtrusive; generally will be powered by a primary or secondary battery or be self-powered such as, but not limited to, by attached solar cells or will obtain power via a wireless systems; and can be constructed to resemble light switches or other common switches people are familiar with today.
  • the switch modules (401) are generally designed to be easily repairable and modular so they easily combined into larger switching banks (e.g. two can be placed next to each other); and can provide additional switching functionality (e.g. using sensor technologies to control switching such as through changes in temperature, light, or motion) as desired in the same manner as todays current hardwired light switches.
  • the central controller (101) via the computer (111) provides for interaction between the power rail infrastructures and these modules (401).
  • the computer (111) is generally in communication, either by wire or wirelessly, to all switch modules (401), any remote sensors used in the system (e.g. a heat sensor for monitoring a room), and potentially external mobile or computing devices (701), such as, but not limited to, computers, tablets, and cell phones.
  • the computer (111) is able to receive signals from any or all of these devices generally through a network to which the device (701) and the computer (111) are connected. In an embodiment, this may be through the use of a specialized mobile device application ("app") or may be through a user access a web site or other Internet portal through which they can give instructions to the computer (111).
  • apps specialized mobile device application
  • the computer (111) Upon receipt of a command (e.g. a toggle request from a module (401) or a change request form a mobile device (701)), the computer (111) outputs the corresponding decision to the appropriate distributed controller (201) or (301).
  • the computer (111) generally instructs the distributed controller (201) or (301) to set the state of its relays which will toggle whatever relay is connected to the outlet (501) or (601) associated with the switch module (401) that has been activated.
  • the DC distributed controller (201) being the relevant one, the DC distributed controller (201) is instructed to set either individual relays controlling individual outlets or banks of relays to configure one outlet or multiple outlets simultaneously.
  • the computer (111) maintains in memory which outlet(s) is/are controlled by each switch module (401), and/or on remote sensor, and/or remote device (701). Effectively, this is what device controls what item currently.
  • the computer (111) will also generally store in memory an intrinsic logic of operation so that even in the event of a power failure emergency commands can be given.
  • the computer (111) is generally programmed via an initiation mode which sets connections between switch modules (401) and outlets (501) or (601) and can be reprogrammed at any time. Thus, a user can simply indicate that a particular module (401) is connected with a particular outlet or outlets (501) or (601) in the central controller (101) (or in one of the distributed controllers (201) or (301)).
  • the connections are generally stored in an onboard memory of the computer (111).
  • the computer (111) receives a signal indicative of the activation and looks up, based on the specifics of the signal received, which outlet (501) or (601) that module (401) corresponds to.
  • the computer (111) then sends an instruction to the distributed controller (201) or (301) associated with that outlet (501) or (601) which will serve to toggle the relays in that distributed controller (201) or (301) so as to change the current state of the outlets (501) or (601) based on the instructions.
  • this instruction will be to change the outlet's (501) or (601) current state to their other binary state (e.g. from off to on or from on to off), but more complicated controls may also be implemented.
  • the switch modules (401) consist of individual objects that, when activated or toggled, transmit a signal to the central control point unit (101) to change the status of a particular outlet (501) they are currently associated with in the controller's (111) memory. Because they are not hardware switches, these modules (401) can be located anywhere convenient in the structure and actually need not be “switches” at all. There can be multiple modules (401) commanding any given outlet (501) with no need for specialized wiring or switch design.
  • modules (401) There does not need to be any physical connection between these modules (401) or any other component of the system.
  • the modules may be connected to other elements of the system entirely wirelessly, e.g. using BluetoohTM protocols.
  • An embodiment of such a module (411) is provided in FIG. 3 .
  • the modules (401) can be provided with a mixture of wireless and wired connections, or a purely wired connection.
  • An embodiment of such a module (421) is shown in FIG. 4 .
  • the embodiment of FIG. 4 can be particularly useful to replace a traditional wall mounted hardware switch which may already be in place in an existing structure.
  • Modules (401) can be either powered by a replaceable or rechargeable battery, self-powered by exploiting the piezoelectric effect or including a variety of power sources such as kinetic or solar generators, or can obtain power via wireless power technologies as known to those of ordinary skill in the art. This allows them to function completely independently of position allowing them to be positioned anywhere within communication range of the central controller (101) either directly or via any kind of connected network.
  • the switch capability of the modules (401) does not have to be an embodiment in any particular type of hardware device.
  • a device such as a computer or mobile device (701) can simulate a module (401) and could therefore control some or all of the outlets (501) and (601).
  • the module (401) can be activated without any form of switching occurring. For example, it could simply return a temperature reading which, when it passes a certain threshold, triggers the central controller (101) to make a relay change.
  • Specialized instructions can also be sent with the modules (401) being activated as part of the signal.
  • This can include a dimming signal where the distributed controller (201) or (301) would not disconnect the outlet (501) or (601) from the power rail but would lower the amount of power provided or could include control signals for devices attached to the outlet.
  • a module (401) could comprise a rotating switch with multiple positions. Each position could correspond to a particular color and, as the switch was turned on, the module (401), the central controller (101) and/or distributed controller (201) associated with that light could send not only power, but a control signal which serves to instruct electronics on the LED device to change color.
  • one of the primary benefits of the system (100) can be in lighting of the structure.
  • Inclusion of the DC rail in the structure allows for all or a majority of lighting to be a low voltage lighting system which is preferably entirely LED-based and provides all built-in lighting needs for the structure.
  • Each light receives its individual power from an outlet (501) attached to a DC distributed controller (201).
  • As the LED receives its power from the DC rail there is no need for the more expensive AC-DC conversion at each light and there is no need to include AC-DC conversion technology on the LED unit making it generally simpler, more reliable, and less expensive to build.
  • the LED device will fit into an outlet that has a universal interface for such LED devices and can operate according to a standard operational protocol, such that a plethora of light fixtures can be created and accommodated easily by the system.
  • each light is operated from a single pole of a relay in the distributed controller (201) or (301) which is either actuated or not.
  • each switch module (401) can act simply as a toggle so that, when any device is toggled (pushed or switched via any indication hardware or software), the distributed controller (201) or (301) simply toggles the current state of the associated outlet (501) or (601). Again, this greatly reduces the labor costs of installation.
  • the operation of the relay is controlled by the commands from the central controller (101) that receives requests for change from the switch modules (401) within the residence, or remote sensors or could be controlled remotely from a mobile device or a computer (701) via a network.
  • This provides total flexibility and control of all electrical power within the residence or commercial building.
  • the configuration and control of the lighting and other DC driven devices is now independent of the wiring. This would enable a user to buy a certain number of modules (401) and allow them a massive number of possible switch configurations without need to ever rewire the system.
  • the present system further facilitates individually activated outlets (501) and (601) (which with prior systems were always activated) to be conveniently located or co-located and allows them to be inactive until required to be used.
  • This can make a structure significantly safer for crawling or just inquisitive young children as without a load in an AC outlet (601) and an associated switch being "on", the system (100) can simply make sure that there is no power at the AC outlet (601).
  • Such inactivation command can be placed out of the child's access or reach further improving safety.
  • each AC outlet (601) could not only be covered to prevent a child interacting with it, it could be literally off (with no signal running through it) unless a load was connected to the outlet and the outlet was commanded to be on.
  • a system which comprises of a controller, either centralized or decentralized, that controls: by switch/button activation command, remote and directly wired; by sensor command, remote and directly wired; by pre-programmed cycle command; or by remote computing unit the lighting of: a residence (indoor or exterior); or a commercial property (indoor or exterior); either at: an individual light fixture, or as a group of light fixtures; wherein the fixture or fixtures to be controlled are independently linked to their control inputs such that switching commands and the switching of the lighting fixtures are not directly coupled.
  • the system may additionally include a controller, either centralized or decentralized, that controls one or more AC outlets in a residence, or a commercial property: by switch/button activation command, remote and directly wired; by sensor command, remote and directly wired; by pre-programmed cycle command; or by remote computing unit to allow a utility company to remotely activate/de-activate outlets (e.g. hot water heaters).
  • a controller either centralized or decentralized, that controls one or more AC outlets in a residence, or a commercial property: by switch/button activation command, remote and directly wired; by sensor command, remote and directly wired; by pre-programmed cycle command; or by remote computing unit to allow a utility company to remotely activate/de-activate outlets (e.g. hot water heaters).
  • control of lighting fixtures may include a dimming capability.
  • switching commands are provided with a security code, both for information security and determining the priority of inputs.
  • the DC supply is derived from: a primary source such as the residence AC mains; or a backup supply, such as a battery, a fuel cell, solar cell, wind generator or standby generator; and wherein the DC supply will provide the primary power for: the property lighting; recharging of the backup system; any DC operated sensor such as a fire alarm; or any device that maybe operated from a DC supply such as a DC ceiling fan.
  • a primary source such as the residence AC mains
  • a backup supply such as a battery, a fuel cell, solar cell, wind generator or standby generator
  • the DC supply will provide the primary power for: the property lighting; recharging of the backup system; any DC operated sensor such as a fire alarm; or any device that maybe operated from a DC supply such as a DC ceiling fan.
  • the system includes a backup power supply system which performs the following functions: charges the back up or secondary DC source when the primary source is available; activates automatically to sustain the lighting system and other devices that operate on the DC supply such as fire alarm sensors in the event of a failure of the primary supply; and switches automatically back to the primary supply once that source returns to being available.
  • a backup power supply system which performs the following functions: charges the back up or secondary DC source when the primary source is available; activates automatically to sustain the lighting system and other devices that operate on the DC supply such as fire alarm sensors in the event of a failure of the primary supply; and switches automatically back to the primary supply once that source returns to being available.
  • the system is additionally capable of: calculating or estimating the energy savings from its operation; measuring the residence or commercial unit energy consumption by category (e.g. lighting, heating, cooling, cooking, water heating) as well as total consumption; and correlating the energy saving and the consumption.
  • category e.g. lighting, heating, cooling, cooking, water heating
  • the system can be used for multiple purposes such as a security system (with appropriate sensors), lighting system, climate control system, or any other system that can be activated/deactivated: by switch/button activation command, remote and directly wired; by sensor command, remote and directly wired; by pre-programmed cycle command; or by remote computing unit.
  • a security system with appropriate sensors
  • lighting system with appropriate sensors
  • climate control system or any other system that can be activated/deactivated: by switch/button activation command, remote and directly wired; by sensor command, remote and directly wired; by pre-programmed cycle command; or by remote computing unit.
  • light fixtures are wired using thin conductors as to be installed over the walls with the fixture connection affixed directly to the end of the wire.
  • control of the system is governed by an external set of rules for the purposes of switching devices on and off in accordance with some predetermined algorithm (e.g. turning outside lights on and off according to the scheduled sunrise and sunset).
  • some predetermined algorithm e.g. turning outside lights on and off according to the scheduled sunrise and sunset.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Système de commande de puissance pour une structure, le système comprenant :
    un dispositif de commande central (101) connecté électriquement à :
    un dispositif de commande décentralisé CA (301) par un fil pour transporter une puissance en courant alternatif (CA) ; et
    un dispositif de commande décentralisé CC (201) par un fil pour transporter une puissance en courant continu (CC) ;
    un disjoncteur principal (10) pour connecter ledit dispositif de commande central (101) à une alimentation CA,
    ledit dispositif de commande central comportant :
    un convertisseur de puissance CA à CC (113) ; et
    un ordinateur (111) pour transférer des instructions ;
    dans lequel, ledit dispositif de commande central est configuré pour transmettre une puissance CA audit dispositif de commande décentralisé CA (301) ; et
    dans lequel ledit dispositif de commande central est configuré pour transmettre des instructions et une puissance CC audit dispositif de commande décentralisé CC (201) ;
    une pluralité de sorties (501, 601), chacune desdites sorties :
    étant connectée à au moins l'un dudit dispositif de commande décentralisé CA (301) ou dudit dispositif de commande décentralisé CC (201) ; et
    comportant un coupleur pour une connexion à un dispositif utilisant une puissance CA ou CC ;
    caractérisé en ce que :
    ledit dispositif de commande central est configuré pour transmettre des instructions audit dispositif de commande décentralisé CA (301) ; et
    le système comprenant en outre une pluralité de modules de commutation (401), chacun desdits modules étant associé fonctionnellement à au moins l'une desdites sorties (501, 601), dans lequel :
    chaque module est configuré pour transmettre un signal audit dispositif de commande central lorsque ce module est activé ;
    ledit ordinateur est configuré pour convertir ledit signal en une instruction ;
    ledit dispositif de commande central est configuré pour envoyer ladite instruction audit dispositif de commande décentralisé auquel ladite sortie associée fonctionnellement est connectée ; et
    moyennant quoi, en utilisation, une puissance vers ladite sortie est basculée à partir de son état actuel sur la base de ladite instruction.
  2. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ladite alimentation CA comprend un réseau municipal.
  3. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit disjoncteur principal (10) comprend un coupe-circuit ou un boîtier à fusibles.
  4. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit module de commutation (401) comprend un commutateur matériel.
  5. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit module de commutation (401) comprend un dispositif mobile.
  6. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit module de commutation (401) comprend un ordinateur.
  7. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit dispositif de commande décentralisé CA (301) comporte un ordinateur.
  8. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit dispositif de commande décentralisé CA (301) comporte une pluralité de commutateurs relais.
  9. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit dispositif de commande décentralisé CC (201) comporte un ordinateur.
  10. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit dispositif de commande décentralisé CC (201) comporte une pluralité de commutateurs relais.
  11. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel au moins l'une desdites sorties (501, 601) est conçue pour être attachée à un dispositif d'illumination à diode électroluminescente (DEL).
  12. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le dispositif d'illumination à DEL ne comporte pas de circuit de commande de puissance.
  13. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 11, dans lequel le dispositif d'illumination à DEL ne comporte pas de convertisseur CA à CC.
  14. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, dans lequel au moins l'une desdites sorties (501, 601) est conçue pour se connecter directement à un câble de charge d'un dispositif mobile.
  15. Système de commande de puissance selon la revendication 1, adapté de sorte que, en utilisation, ladite puissance soit basculée vers un état binaire opposé.
EP15740354.4A 2014-01-27 2015-01-27 Système de commande de puissance reconfigurable Active EP3100330B1 (fr)

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PCT/US2015/013127 WO2015113059A1 (fr) 2014-01-27 2015-01-27 Système de commande de puissance reconfigurable

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EP (1) EP3100330B1 (fr)
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US10454281B2 (en) 2019-10-22
CN106463956B (zh) 2019-04-19
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CN106463956A (zh) 2017-02-22
EP3100330A4 (fr) 2017-10-18
EP3100330A1 (fr) 2016-12-07
US20200006948A1 (en) 2020-01-02
CA2934962C (fr) 2022-04-26
US20150214759A1 (en) 2015-07-30
US20170288411A1 (en) 2017-10-05
CA2934962A1 (fr) 2015-07-30
US9692236B2 (en) 2017-06-27
US11283266B2 (en) 2022-03-22

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