EP3099384A1

EP3099384A1 - System for muscle development based on eccentric, concentric and isomeric contractions of agonistic and antagonistic muscles, reactive to the direction of the force

Info

Publication number: EP3099384A1
Application number: EP15709215.6A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Daniel BLACH
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2014-01-27
Filing date: 2015-01-22
Publication date: 2016-12-07
Also published as: FR3016797B1; US20160339294A1; WO2015110732A4; WO2015110732A1; FR3016797A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a motor-driven device for concentric, isometric and eccentric muscle development, the triggering direction of which is reactive to the direction of the force of the user. The invention specifically relates to a motor-driven device with two operating directions, which reacts to the force of a user in order to counteract with an adjustable muscle-development load in a reversible movement. It consists of: a reversible motor-driven support which moves a mobile support (2)(30)(51) on which a part of the body is supported, and provides a muscle-development load; and a stationary support (3)(33)(52) on which another part of the body is supported so as to counteract the motor-driven force of the mobile support (2)(30)(51). A system (6)(39)(58) for detecting the direction of the force of the user allows the control of the mechanism such that it can be motor-driven in the reverse direction, or stopped if the force of the user becomes insufficient. The device according to the invention particularly targets muscle development based on isometric, concentric and eccentric contractions, that can be adapted to all sports activities. The device according to the invention can take the form of structures allowing vertical, horizontal or rotary types of force, or a combination of said types.

Description

Title of the invention: Bodybuilding system in eccentric, concentric, isometric contractions of the agonist and antagonist muscles responsive to the effort.

The present invention relates to a motorized device in two reversible operating directions which, thanks to a system of the direction of detection of the effort of the user reacts to the direction of the effort of the user by systematically generating a force and a displacement a mobile support with opposite meanings to the meaning and inversions of the user's effort. If the user's effort is less than the motorized force, the direction of movement and the direction of the motorized force are maintained, if the effort of the user is greater than the motorized force, the displacement of the mobile support is reversed but the direction of the motorized force is maintained, if there is equality the movement stops but the motorized force retains its meaning. The system therefore allows for agonist and antagonist musculation in back-and-forth movements in contractions which may be eccentric or only concentric or isometric, or else: a particular combination of these three modes of contractions in alternately agonist and antagonist bodybuilding, according to: the set point display of the force of the motorization, the effort of the user and from any position of the motorized device.

It allows round-trip movements from any starting point and from any point of arrival, according to the random Inversions of the direction of the effort of the user.

The device ceases operation as soon as the user stops his effort.

It is recalled that:

if the user moves a load in a movement opposite to the direction of the load; his muscles are in concentric contractions,

if the user maintains the load in a static position, his muscles are in isometric contractions,

- if the user is driven by the load having the same movement as the direction of the load by slowing the movement of the load, his muscles are in eccentric contractions,

- A back-and-back weight training alternately solicits an agonist muscle and its antagonist muscle, thanks to opposing movements and forces such as: pushing, lifting, descending, pedaling in one direction-in-the-other. .

the main agonist and antagonist muscles are the pairs: biceps-triceps, quadrilceps-hamstrings, abdominals-lumbar ...

Many experts give the eccentric contraction bodybuilding virtues superior to that of the concentric contraction with nevertheless some risks of muscle fiber breaks and higher recovery times.

In the same exercise, alternating bodybuilding: agonist muscle then antagonist muscle is particularly recommended to have a harmonious and balanced development of the musculature. The machines of bodybuilding are traditionally constituted by systems which reproduce gravity load musculation namely:

a first movement in the "go" direction which moves the load in the direction imposed by the user because the user is stronger than the load, it is a concentric contraction of the agonist muscle

a second movement in the "return" direction which brings the load back to its initial position in the direction imposed by the load because the user exerts a "braking" force whose intensity is less than the intensity of the load, it is an eccentric (pseudo) contraction of the same agonist muscle.

LO. We say pseudo eccentric because in this case the user is stronger than the load; it is only a voluntary diminution of his effort which allows the charge to train him.

The true eccentric contraction corresponds to the case in which the load exceeds the real physical possibilities of the user. In real eccentric contraction the user can only slow the movement of the load, the load must be greater than its physical capabilities.

L5 The problem in eccentric contraction lies in the fact that it exceeds the concentric effort capacity of the user; the user no longer has the physical control of his effort, he is dominated by the load. Thus, it is possible to slow the descent of a load that can not be lifted but once this load is reached at the low point, the user will not be able to raise it to the high point without outside help.

! 0 Few machines allow the operation in eccentric weight training. Most motorized machines of eccentric musculation require beforehand a concentric effort to move the gravity load. At the end of the concentric movement, the machine automatically adds a gravity load by a mechanical system in order to obtain a gravity load greater than the physical capacities of the user thus allowing eccentric contractions in the direction of the

! Initial gravitational load increased by the additional charge.

The motorized systems of bodybuilding in eccentric contractions without gravity mass, mainly pneumatic, do not allow the user to stop when he wants to stop his effort; the motorized displacement goes to the end of its displacement and it is at the end of the race that a sensor or an abutment makes it possible to stop the movement.

10 For safety reasons, the movement of motorized weight systems

Eccentric contractions is initially configured between an adjustable start point and an adjustable end point to prevent the user from being trapped by a load that he can not move because it is greater than his physical abilities.

Motorized systems other than treadmills are used mainly in rehabilitation

5 accompanying movements in eccentric contractions or concentric users but these systems favor a single direction of operation. These systems do not have two directions of back-and-forth operation in eccentric contractions. Thus, during a session, in the same phase, the user will not be able to reverse, abruptly, the direction of his effort to make the antagonistic muscles work on the initial effort; current systems do not adapt instantly to the user's effort. At the moment, in the best case, it is necessary to stop the machine and configure it in the opposite movement, if it exists.

There is no motorized machine that allows a user to build muscles in a register of eccentric contractions in balanced agonist and antagonist weight training in horizontal, vertical or rotary movements.

None of the existing weight machines can generate a motorized force that is always in opposition to the direction of the effort of the user and moves the user if the effort of the user is less than the motorized force or that is moved by the user if the effort of the user is greater than the motorized force and this in movements back and forth, at the discretion of the reversals of the user's effort.

None of the existing machines have force sense detection systems that allow the machine to react in opposition to the sensed direction. There are no motorized trips back and forth related to detecting the inversion of the direction of effort of the user.

In the context of a muscular work of rotational movement, of horizontal or vertical translation, in contractions: concentric, isometric and eccentric, there is no motorized machine which provides a motorized force in the opposite direction to the sense of the effort of the user as soon as the user provides an effort in one direction or the other. The absence of systems for sensing the user's sense of effort makes it impossible for the user to instantly alternate his efforts in one direction with the user's efforts in the other direction, each time with a force. motorized opposition constant and reversible may be greater than the effort of the user in one direction or the other. The alternating agonist and antagonist bodybuilding in back-and-forth movements with movements of non-predetermined length at the will of the user is therefore impossible in the same phase of work.

Invention WO 2011140432 (A1) entitled "linear motor system for a weight training device" is based on linear motors that withstand the efforts of the user generating a bodybuilding concentric contractions in a predefined direction. This system does not allow eccentric weight training or isometric weight training. Since the system does not have a system for detecting the direction of the user's effort, the movements are executed between a predefined initial starting point and a predefined end point, it does not allow movements to and from the user. from any point of departure and from any point of arrival, according to non-predefined inversions of the direction of the user's effort. Currently, a complete bodybuilding session requires a lot of time because there are many muscles to work. In order to reduce the time required for weight training or fitness of athletes, some motorized weight systems can perform: a bodybuilding of the entire body of the user by combining a treadmill with a weight system .

The systems designed from electric treadmills used in bodybuilding are systems that do not allow to perform only eccentric weighting or only concentric in both directions back and forth in order to solicit agonistic and then antagonistic strength training in the same exercise; ie without new system settings.

This is what presents:

- The invention WO 99/52601 OMESI RONEN in its title "conveyor belt traction forces and thrust" filed March 5, 1999 and published October 21, 1999. In this case, the electric motor is not used as a brake resistant to the thrust force of the user. Displacement is caused only by the effort of the user when it is greater than the braking force of the carpet. The carpet can not put the user under muscular strain. This mat does not allow weight training in eccentric contractions or weight training in isometric contractions.

Invention WO 2009/014330 A1 (KIM JAE-CHUL) [KR] solicits the user's only agonist muscles in concentric contractions in one direction and pseudo-eccentric contractions in the other direction, the antagonistic muscles being unable to not be solicited in the same exercise.

In no way can the invention make the agonist and antagonist muscles work in eccentric or solely concentric contractions. The carpet has

systematically a resistant sense; it is the force of the user that creates the displacement, and a motor sense; it is the engine that brings the user back to the starting position. The invention does not have a motorization two-way moving entrainants available in the same exercise during round-trip movements (cf 16,157).

The invention does not have a system for detecting the direction of the user's effort, but only sensors for moving the belt. Back and forth movements allowing the musculation of the agonist and then antagonistic muscles, in exclusively concentric or exclusively eccentric contractions related to the detection of meaning and reversals of the user's effort are impossible.

The following inventions are also motorized systems of musculations allowing a concentric musculation, pseudo eccentric and isometric

US 2007/123396 A1 (ELLIS JOSEPH K [US]), US 2011/123396 A1 (ELLIS JOSEPH K [US]), WO 2009/008877 A1 (ELLIS JOSEPH K [US]) In the description of these inventions, the carpet serves only to force the user to seek balance by walking forwards or backwards while making an effort with the upper body.

These systems consisting of a pulling mechanism or pulling at the arms combined with the rotation of a treadmill, all require an initial effort of the user greater than the load in order to move it. This initial effort will allow the user to exert, with the arms, an effort of bodybuilding in concentric contractions of the agonist muscle. None of these inventions can: - start its operation by the implementation of a force greater than the physical capabilities of the user by causing a displacement in the opposite direction of the effort of the user,

Generate forces that exceed the physical capacities of the users, which cause the user to move back and forth in the opposite direction to his effort with eccentric contractions.

-to allow, in the same exercise, a musculation of the agonist and then antagonistic muscles, in back-and-forth movements, in exclusively concentric or exclusively eccentric contractions, by inversions of the direction of the load related to the detection of the direction and inversions of meaning of the user's effort.

Analysis of previous techniques shows that there is no motorized weight training machine allowing, in the same exercise, alternating work of the agonist and antagonist muscles in contraction modes only eccentric or only concentric or only isometric or in a particular combination of these three modes of contractions. None of the foregoing inventions allow round-trip movements from any starting point and any point of arrival, depending on the non-predetermined inversions of the direction of the user's effort because no these inventions do not have systems for detecting the direction of the user's effort.

The technical problem can be summarized in the following points:

-generation of displacements in opposite directions, in other words, going back and forth allowing agonist and then antagonistic muscles to work in contractions that are only eccentric or solely concentric or solely isometric, without any intervention on the control of the machine during the sequence of the movements. to say during the exercise,

-possibility to generate, from the beginning of the exercise, forces greater than the physical capacities of the user who will move the support of the user in the opposite direction of his effort and allow movements back and forth with force motorized always superior to the effort of the user and always directed in the opposite direction of the effort of the user,

-starting, stopping and reversing trips at will of the user: at any time and without a predetermined position.

safety of the user against a system that systematically opposes the direction of its effort, which exerts a motorized force greater than the capacity of physical resistance of the user and moves the user's supports in a movement that the user can not hold.

The device according to the invention overcomes all these disadvantages.

The user bears with a part of the body on the movable support (2) (30) (51) of the motorized mechanism, the other part of the body is in connection with the fixed resistant support (3) (33) (52) allowing the user to take a support to exert an opposite force to the motorized force of the mobile support.

As soon as the user exerts a force on the movable support (2) (30) (51) of the motorized mechanism, according to one of the two directions of movement of this mechanism, a detection system (6) (39) (58) acquires the direction of this effort, the detection system (6) (39) (58) may consist of sensors (23) and (24), (40) and (41), or strain gauges (56) and ( 57) to order:

- the direction of the force of the motorization and the resulting displacement.

- inversions of meaning each time the user reverses the direction of his effort on his supports during the exercise,

- Stop the motorized mechanism as soon as there is no sense of effort detected

. The start of the system is made from the detection of the single direction of effort of the user regardless of the intensity of the effort.

The information of the detected direction of the user's effort is transmitted to a control part which controls the motorized mechanism so that the motorized force transmitted to the mobile support

(2) (30) (51) is applied to the user in the direction opposite to the direction of the user's effort and causes an initial displacement of the movable support (2) (30) (51) still in the opposite direction to the effort of the user and therefore in the same direction as the motorized force.

During the exercise, it is sufficient for the user to reverse the direction of his effort so that the

motorization reverses its action. The motorized force and the initial displacement then reverse their directions, so that they are always opposed to the sensed direction of the effort of the user. This operation makes it possible to generate round-trip movements that allow the alternating work of the agonist and antagonist muscles through numerous sequences during the same exercise.

Whatever the direction of use, horizontal, vertical or rotary, the motorized mechanism must be reversible; a reversible motorization allows a displacement in the opposite direction of the motorized direction in the case where the action of the effort of the user generates a resistant force greater than the intensity of the motorized force. When the intensity of the effort of the user is greater than the adjustment of the intensity of the motorized force, the reversibility of the mechanism makes it possible to have a sense of

effective displacement opposite to the direction of displacement initially controlled by the motorized mechanism. The reversibility of the mechanism allows concentric musculation. This motorized system reversible is reversible in both directions of motorization. Each direction of operation has: a direction, an adjustable speed, an adjustable force.

The initial effort of the user can be made from any position of the motorized mechanism and in any direction of work. The motorized mechanism will react in opposition to the direction of this initial effort and stop exercising a force and move as soon as the user relaxes his effort. The direction of the actual movement of the motorized mechanism may be different from the direction of the reversible displacement controlled because it depends on the ratio between the intensity of the effort of the user and the intensity of the motorized force:

if the user's effort is less than the motorized force, the actual movement of the mechanism is in the direction of the motorized force and in the opposite direction of the effort of the user; the user works in eccentric contractions, the direction of movement initially controlled is maintained,

if the effort of the user is equal to the motorized force, the reversible mechanism can not generate displacement but will continue to exert a motorized force in the opposite direction of the effort of the user; the user works in isometric contractions, the initially ordered movement is blocked,

if the effort of the user is greater than the motorized force, the reversibility of the motorized mechanism allows an effective displacement opposite to the direction of the motorized force and in the same direction as the effort of the user; the user works in concentric contractions, the direction of movement initially controlled is reversed.

The reversibility of the motorized mechanism can be acquired by the particular use of DC motors, brushless motors, stepper motors, asynchronous motors associated with electronic variators and reversible mechanical reducers. One of the easiest solutions to implement is the addition of electromagnetic coupling to an asynchronous geared motor. An electromagnetic powder coupler (4) makes it possible to obtain the transmission of a constant torque to the mechanism that is maintained whatever the direction of displacement imposed or undergone by the user. This transmitted torque comes partially or completely from the engine torque, depending on the setting of the transmissible electromagnetic coupling. During exercises in isometric and concentric contractions, this technological solution avoids the addition of a cooling system following a rise in temperature of the engine which no longer turns in the controlled direction while it continues to supply energy to the engine. mobile support (2) (30) (51) in the opposite direction to the detected direction.

To ensure operational safety, it is necessary to implement minimum forces of triggering and stopping the motorized mechanism, to prevent a child can start the system or a tired user is blocked under the motorized load . The intensity of this the minimum safety effort can be close to 10 daN while the maximum intensity of the motorized force can greatly exceed 100 daN, depending on the power of the engine chosen. The device therefore comprises a system that allows the detection of the intensity of a minimum effort of the user to control:

stopping the motorized mechanism as soon as the user supplies a force of less than this safety value,

- The setting in motion of the motorized mechanism as soon as the user provides a force of an intensity greater than this security value.

Several technological solutions can be used to adjust the minimum trip effort:

the adjustable deformation of a spring (28),

the setting of the detection threshold of a strain gauge (56) (57).

Traditional automation (programmable logic controller, electronic card, cable technology- programmable logic controller or electronic card: which controls, stops or direction of rotation of the motor according to the detection of the direction of the minimum safety effort

a speed variator: which allows progressivity in the application of the nominal force

a system for visualizing the user's effort time,

a system for visualizing the posture of the user during the effort,

- an adjustment of the intensity of the motorized force of each direction of movement,

an adjustment of the motorized speed of each movement of the mobile support (2) (30) (51),

Thus, the motorized mechanism according to the invention, allows to have in the same exercise the ability to work the agonist and antagonist muscles contractions: concentric, isometric and eccentric without changing or configuration or adjustment of this motorized machine through movements back and forth. These round-trip movements are generated by the detection of voluntary and non-predetermined inversions of the direction of the user's effort.

The invention thus makes it possible to perform series of exercises of the agonist and antagonist muscles only in weight training with eccentric contractions or solely in concentric or isometric contractions according to the value of the adjustment of the intensity of the motorized force and the intensity of the the effort of the user depending on his physical capacity.

In order to meet the different needs of users, from the same motorized mechanism according to the invention, the device declines mainly in three structural positions: horizontal, vertical and rotary. Motorized mechanisms: horizontal and vertical, horizontal and rotating, can combine and create complex weight machines to reduce the time spent on bodybuilding exercises.

The horizontal configuration includes: - The reversible motorized mechanism (4,5), as described above, which drives a mobile support (2) consisting of a treadmill in the directions, front and rear, on which the user can perform alternating efforts forward and backward,

a fixed support support (3) constituted by a horizontal crossbar connected to the motorized mechanism by two vertical elements of adjustable height on which the user bears with the top of his body.

a sense detection system (6) and reversals of the user's effort.

For example, if the user exerts a backwards force, the system reacts and sets the mat reversibly forward by exerting a force equal to the set value, if the user pushes the mat forward, the system reacts and sets the mat reversibly backward by exerting a force equal to the set value.

If the user pushes less than the set value, the motorized force and the actual movement of the mat will put the user into eccentric contractions.

If the user pushes as much as the set value, the movement of the mat will be zero but the force will be present, opposed to the effort and constant. The user will be in isometric contraction.

If the user pushes more than the set value, the actual movement of the mat will be in the direction of the effort of the user; it will be in concentric contractions.

If the user stops pushing the mat stops.

If the user alternates backward thrust with forward thrust, he is alternately agonist / antagonist.

The vertical configuration includes:

- A reversible motorized mechanism (34,35) as indicated above which drives two slides connected by a horizontal crossbar which constitutes the movable support (30) sliding in vertical supports in the up and down directions, on which the user can perform with the upper body an effort of ascent and descent,

a low support support constituted by a fixed horizontal support (33), linked to the vertical motorized mechanism on which the user bears with the lower part of his body.

a system for detecting the direction and inversions of the direction of the user's effort (39).

So :

if the user exerts a force on the bar upwards, the system reacts and sets the bar downwards by delivering a force equal to the set value,

- If the user exerts a force on the bar down, the system reacts and moving upwards by delivering a force equal to the set value.

if the user exerts a force less than the set value, the displacement of the bar will put the user in an eccentric contraction. -If the user pushes as much as the set value the movement of the bar will be zero but the force will be constant. The user will be in isometric contraction.

if the user pushes more than the set value, the displacement of the bar will be in the direction of the effort of the user; it will be in concentric contraction.

if the user stops exerting an effort on the bar the system stops.

if the user alternates a bar lift with a bar descent; he is in agonist / antagonist bodybuilding.

The rotary configuration comprises:

- A reversible motorized mechanism as indicated above which drives a lever or pedal which constitutes the mobile support (51) in rotation about the motor axis which rotates in both directions, on which the user can perform with the arms or with the legs a rotational effort,

a support support (52) constituted by a fixed support linked to the motorized mechanism on which the user bears with another part of his body.

a sense detection system (56, 57) and reversals of the user's effort. Thus: if the user turns the lever (51) force in one direction, the system reacts and puts the force lever in rotation in the other direction by exerting a torque equal to the set value.

If the user exerts a force lower than the set value the rotation of the lever will put the user in eccentric contraction, his support will move driven by the movement of the lever.

If the user pushes as much as the set value the movement of the lever will be zero but the torque will be constant. The user will be in isometric contraction.

If the user pushes more than the set value the movement of the lever will be in the direction of the effort of the user; it will be in concentric contraction.

If the user stops exerting a force on the lever, the system stops.

If the user alternates a rotational effort in one direction with a rotational effort in the other direction; he is in agonist / antagonist bodybuilding.

The rotary device according to the invention of the motorized mechanism allows a cyclist to perform a weight training legs eccentric contraction. A motorized pedals according to the invention can provide a torque greater than the torque of the user and impose a reverse rotation movement to that sought by the user. This will be a real eccentric contraction very effective, which will allow the user to gain muscle power.

If the user provides a torque equal to the pedal operator's setting, the user will be in isometric contraction; the exercise will be static but also very effective in gaining muscle power. If the user provides a torque greater than the adjustment of the pedal operator, the user will be in concentric contraction; we will then find the existing principles of motorized exercise bikes.

Complex machines may be constituted by a motorized machine with a horizontal structure as described above and a motorized machine with a vertical structure as previously described or by a motorized machine with a horizontal structure as previously described and a motorized machine with a rotating structure as described previously. The vertical or rotary motorized structures being mounted in place of the vertical fixed support of the horizontal motorized machine. Thus, one can build complex machines having two motorized systems of the same composition and homogeneous control.

The accompanying drawings illustrate the invention:

Figure 1 shows the device of the invention with motorized mechanism in the horizontal plane with a forward movement of the carpet that reacts and opposes the rearward effort of the user on the carpet.

Figure 2 shows the device of the invention with motorized mechanism in the horizontal plane with a rearward movement of the carpet that reacts and opposes the forward effort of the user on the carpet.

Figure 3 shows the construction of the horizontal motorized system and more particularly the drive of the treadmill supporting the efforts of the user.

FIG. 4 shows the device of the invention with motorized mechanism in the vertical plane with a movement of the motorized slideways that react and oppose the downward force of the user on the crossmember.

FIG. 5 represents the device of the invention with motorized mechanism in the vertical plane with a downward movement of the motorized slides that react and oppose the user's upward force on the crossmember.

Figure 6 shows the construction of the vertical version of the device of the invention.

Figure 7 shows the device of the invention with motorized mechanism in rotation with a rotational movement of the lever which reacts and opposes the user's rotational force of rotation on the lever.

Figure 8 shows the device of the invention with motorized mechanism in rotation with a rotational movement of the lever which reacts and opposes the user's anti-clockwise rotation force on the lever.

Figure 9 shows a combination of the horizontal motorized mechanism with the vertical motorized mechanism. Figure 10 shows a possible application of the combination of the horizontal motorized system with the vertical motorized system. This application is about the game of rugby in its phase of thrust in melee.

Figure 11 shows a possible application of the combination of the horizontal motorized system with a motorized rotating system. We can have two machines in one:

-A first horizontal machine consisting of the motorized horizontal belt according to the invention and a fixed support consisting of a fixed rotating lever whose position can be manually adjusted around its axis of rotation. The position of the lever is locked mechanically after adjustment or positioned automatically thanks to its motorization,

- A second machine consists of a fixed support constituted by the rotationally locked belt and a rotation motorized device according to the invention on which the user makes efforts with his arms on the lever which acts as a mobile support.

With reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, the device applied to a horizontal motorization comprises:

- A horizontally motorized low support consisting of a carpet (l) in rotation on which the user bears (2) with his feet,

a fixed high support (3) constituted by a bar on which the user bears with his hands.

The motorization of the belt (1) is achieved by an electric geared motor (5) of 550 watts with two directions of rotation. This geared motor has a torque of 80 Nm with an output speed of 10 rpm. The output shaft of the gearmotor is connected in rotation to a clutch (4) to magnetic powder of transmissible torque adjustable by electrical control (8) 0-10 volts with a maximum torque equal to 64Nm. The output shaft of the clutch is coupled to a general drive shaft which will transmit torque and operating speed to the belt (1).

The magnetic powder clutch (4) provides a constant torque proportional to the intensity of a magnetization current of the powder. The higher the current, the greater the magnetization and the more the clutch can transmit torque. This current is adjusted using a control module managed by a 0-10 volt potentiometer (8) located on the control panel (9) available to the user.

The torque transmitted by the powder clutch is perfectly reversible; the reversal of direction requires no additional effort and the programmed torque is maintained regardless of the direction of rotation.

When the user's effort on the belt generates a torque greater than the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the clutch output movement is reversed but the set torque and its meaning are maintained. The clutch torque resists the concentric contraction of the user; the clutch torque behaves like a constant brake.

When the user's effort on the belt generates a torque equal to the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the output movement of the clutch is zero but the setpoint torque and its direction are maintained. the clutch resists the isometric movement of the user; the clutch torque behaves like a fixed load equal to the effort of the user.

When the effort of the user on the belt generates a torque lower than the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the clutch output movement imposes its direction and its value on the belt .The clutch torque is motor, the low supports of the user move in the opposite direction of the direction of his effort; the user is in the phase of bodybuilding contraction eccentric, under the muscular stress he will be forced to move his feet.

This geared motor (5) is controlled by an electronic variator to adjust the base speed of the carpet which is equal to 10 cm / s.

This frequency variator also makes it possible to program a progressive rise in the intensity of the driving force as well as the progressiveness of the setting in motion.

The motorized weight-training mechanism providing horizontal forward or backward movements, as previously described, drives a specific treadmill (1) from a general drive shaft (11).

On the general transmission shaft (11), 2 pinions (12) freewheel are mounted in opposition. According to the direction of rotation that is controlled by the general transmission shaft, the transmission of the motorization will be either to the "front" shaft (13) or to the "rear" shaft (14). Thus, when the carpet must unfold forwardly are the gears of the "front" shaft (13) which are driven, the gears of the "rear" shaft (14) remaining free and when the carpet must be unrolling backwards are the gears of the "rear" shaft (14) which are driven, the gears of the "front" shaft (13) remaining free. A torque retention system provided by the magnetic powder clutch transmits an adjustable torque from 0 to 64 Nm constant whatever the movement of the belt.

The carpet consists of rigid boards (10) 80 cm long, 12.5 cm wide and 3 cm thick. These boards roll on a bearing path (15) linked to the frame. This ball raceway allows a consequent reduction in the mechanical friction of the boards on the low support. These boards are guided laterally by lateral guides, this guidance allows a non-focused effort of the user. The drive of the board mat is carried out by a system of pinions (16), transmission chains (17), chains for fastening the boards (18) and freewheels (12) allowing the upper part of the conveyor belt always be stretched regardless of the direction of rotation of the motor. The carpet assembly (1) thus formed allows the user to be able to push with his feet by exerting forward or rearward thrust forces of up to 250 daN. The high support consists of a simple horizontal force bar (3) connected to the frame of the lower support (20) by vertical uprights (21). These uprights have a hinge (22) for detecting the direction of the forward or backward force on the carpet by a magnetic position sensor (23) indicating that the user creates a rearward force on the carpet by pushing on the stress bar and a magnetic sensor (24) indicating that the user creates a forward effort on the mat by pulling on the stress bar. Compression springs (28) in the same zone are calibrated to a minimum safety value and require the user to compress them to allow the sensors to trigger movement. If the force is less than the safety value, these same springs bring the high support back to the middle position thereby stopping the movement of the belt by deactivation of the position sensors.

The traditional control cabinet (25) comprises an industrial programmable logic controller or an electronic card that manages the operating cycle, safety and management of power energy through the variable speed drives associated with the motors.

The dialogue organ with the user allows:

the adjustment of the forces of the belt (26) in the two directions of rotation,

the speeds of movement of the motorization (27) in the two directions of rotation,

the visualization of the effort time.

An auxiliary element consists of a webcam type camera that allows the user to see his posture effort on a screen and correct it.

With reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6, the device applied to a vertical motorization comprises:

- A high support consisting of a force bar (30) connected to the frame by two motorized slides (31) vertically, guided in vertical uprights (32) fixed on the low support.

a fixed low support (33) constituted by a flat support on which the user bears with his feet.

The motorization of the vertical slides is achieved by an electric geared motor (34) of 90 watts with two directions of rotation. This geared motor has a torque of 20 Nm with an output speed of 10 rpm. The output shaft (37) of the gearmotor is rotatably connected to a clutch (35) magnetic powder torque transmissible adjustable 0-10 volts electrical control with a maximum torque equal to 12Nm. The output shaft of the clutch is coupled to a general transmission shaft (38) which will transmit the torque and operating speed to the vertical slides (31).

The clutch (35) magnetic powder provides a constant torque proportional to the intensity of a magnetization current of the powder. The higher the current, the greater the magnetization and the more the clutch can transmit a large torque. This current is adjusted using a control module managed by a 0-10 volt potentiometer (8) located on the control panel (25) available to the user. The torque transmitted by the clutch (35) powder is perfectly reversible; the reversal of direction requires no additional effort and the programmed torque is maintained regardless of the direction of rotation.

When the effort of the user on the bar (30) generates a torque greater than the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the clutch output movement is reversed but the setpoint torque and its direction are maintained. The clutch torque resists movement in concentric contractions of the user; the clutch torque behaves like a constant brake.

When the effort of the user on the bar (30) generates a torque equal to the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the clutch output movement is zero but the setpoint torque and its direction are maintained. The torque of the clutch resists the movement in isometric contraction of the user; the clutch torque behaves like a fixed resistance equal to the effort of the user.

When the effort of the user on the bar (30) generates a torque lower than the value of the torque provided by the clutch (35), the clutch output movement imposes its upward or downward direction and its force to the bar (30) .The clutch torque creates the displacement, the high supports of the user move in the opposite direction of the direction of his effort; the user is in eccentric bodybuilding phase, under the muscular stress he will be forced to raise or lower his arms.

This geared motor is controlled by an electronic variator to adjust the base speed of the carpet which is equal to 3 cm / s.

The motorized weight-training mechanism providing upward or downward vertical movements, as previously described, drives guide rails in a specific vertical support from a general drive shaft.

The movement is transmitted by a rack and pinion system: the pinion (43) is fixed on the fixed vertical upright (32) and the rack (42) on the mobile vertical upright (31).

The connection between the output of the clutch (35) and the pinion (43) is effected by a chain transmission (36) of a small pinion of 20 teeth to a pinion of 40 teeth, this transmission will reduce the speed and increase the torque.

Each vertical upright is composed of a fixed part (32) in connection with the frame and a movable part (31) guided in vertical translation by bearings (44) fixed on the fixed upright (32). The force bar (30) is connected to the movable portion via a mechanism (39) for detecting the direction of effort of the user and to verify that the minimum safety effort is reached. This detection is effected by means of a magnetic position sensor (40) indicating that the user creates an upward force on the force bar (30) and a magnetic sensor (41). \ indicating that the user creates a downward effort on the stress bar (30). Compression springs located in the same zone are calibrated to a minimum safety value and require the user to compress them to allow the sensors to trigger the movement. If the force is less than the safety value, these same springs bring the bar (30) to the middle position thereby stopping the movement of the slides by deactivation of the position sensors.

The dialogue organ with the user allows:

the adjustment of the vertical forces (8) in the two directions of movement,

the speeds of movement of the motorization (26) in the two directions of movement,

the visualization of the effort time.

With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, the device applied to a rotary motor comprises:

- A reversible motorized support (53) which rotates in both directions a force lever (51) on which the user exerts a rotational force.

an auxiliary support (52) fixed which the user bears.

The motorization of the force lever (51) is performed by an electric geared motor (53) of 550 watts with two directions of rotation. This geared motor has a torque of 80 Nm with an output speed of 10 rpm. The output shaft of the geared motor (54) is rotatably connected to a magnetic powder clutch (56) of transmissible torque adjustable by electrical control (8) 0-10 volts with a maximum torque of 64Nm. The output shaft of the clutch (55) is coupled to a general drive shaft which will transmit torque and operating speed to the force lever (51).

The magnetic powder clutch (56) provides a constant torque proportional to the intensity of a magnetization current of the powder. The higher the current, the greater the magnetization and the more the clutch can transmit a large torque. This current is adjusted using a control module managed by a 0-10 volt potentiometer (8) located on the control panel (9) available to the user.

When the effort of the user on the force lever (51) generates a torque greater than the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the clutch output movement is reversed but the target torque and its direction are The torque of the clutch resists the concentric movement of the user; the clutch torque behaves like a constant brake. When the effort of the user on the force lever (51) generates a torque equal to the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the clutch output movement is zero but the target torque and its direction are The torque of the clutch resists the user's isometric movement; the clutch torque behaves like a fixed resistance equal to the effort of the user.

When the effort of the user on the lever (51) generates a torque lower than the value of the torque provided by the clutch, the clutch output movement imposes its direction and its value on the lever ( 51) .The couple of the clutch creates the displacement, the support of the user on the lever (51) move in the opposite direction of the direction of his effort; the user is in the eccentric bodybuilding phase, under the muscular stress he will be forced to rotate his supports by accompanying the movement of the force lever (51).

This geared motor is controlled by an electronic variator to adjust the basic speed of the lever which is equal to 10 rpm.

The motorized weight-training mechanism providing rotational movements in one direction or the other, as previously described, drives a force lever rotated by the general drive shaft (55).

The transmission of the movement is carried out directly on the general transmission shaft. The force lever contains a mechanism to detect the direction of the user's effort and to verify that the minimum safety effort is reached. This detection is carried out by means of a strain gauge (56) indicating that the user creates a force in one direction on the lever and a strain gauge (57) indicating that the user creates an effort in the other direction on the lever of force. A rotating joint (55) retrieves information on the direction of the effort of the user and on a threshold of minimum intensity of this effort. This intensity threshold will require the stopping of the motorized mechanism if it is not reached or the start of the motorized mechanism if it is reached and exceeded.

With reference to FIG. 9, the device applied to combinations of motorized weight training mechanisms comprises:

-The horizontally powered power-driven mechanism moving a treadmill as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3.

-A motorized vertical weight-lifting mechanism moving a horizontal force bar as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6

a combination of the two control systems of the motorized mechanisms.

The arrangement of the two devices is organized as follows: -The support plate (33) of the vertical device is deleted,

The articulation (22), the zone (6) with the detection system (23) (28) and (24) of the horizontal device are transferred on the upright 32 of the vertical system,

-The control part is managed with traditional automation, which is only the juxtaposition of the two control systems of the horizontal device and the vertical device.

The operation takes the characteristics of both horizontal and vertical devices.

Initially, the user is supported with his feet on the low support and in connection with the top of his body on the high support.

The horizontal motorization relates to the front and rear horizontal moving belt, the bar (30) being fixed in the horizontal direction.

The vertical motorization relates to the bar (30) with vertical displacement of rise or fall. The two modes of horizontal and vertical stresses can work simultaneously or one without the other.

The value of the horizontal force of the belt (l) and the value of the vertical force of the bar (30) are adjustable on a control panel (9).

The value of the horizontal speed of the low support and the value of the vertical speed of the high support are adjustable on a control console.

It is the effort of the user forwards or backwards on the belt (l) which triggers the movement of the belt (l) with the force set to the set point.

It is the user's effort of raising or lowering on the bar (30) which triggers the setting in motion of the bar (30) with the force set to the set value.

These efforts are only taken into account if they exceed a minimum security value that prevents children from using the system.

If during use the user does not provide the minimum safety effort the corresponding movement stops, thus allowing the user to stop the constraint when he wishes.

For the motorization of the carpet (1):

- If the user produces a minimum effort in a rear direction on carpet, the carpet will advance and put the user in physical stress between the carpet (1) and the bar (30),

- if the user produces a minimum force in the forward direction on the carpet (1), the carpet (l) back and put the user in physical stress between the carpet (l) and the bar (30),

-If the user provides an equal and opposite force to the strength of the belt (1), the belt (1) will be stuck in its advance but the force of the belt (1) will remain equal to the set value and continue to s' apply on the user, the user will be in isometric weight training, -If the user provides a greater force and opposite to the strength of the belt (1), the belt (l) will reverse its direction of movement but the driving force of the belt (1) will remain equal to the set value and continue to s apply to the user in the original direction, the user will be in concentric weight training,

if the user provides a lower force and opposed to the strength of the mat (1), the mat (1) will continue its direction of movement forcing the user to move his supports on the mat (1) to find a new position effort on the carpet (1), the user will be in eccentric weight training.

For the motorization of the bar (30):

if the user produces a minimum climb effort on the bar (30), the bar

(30) will descend and put the user in physical stress between the mat (1) and the bar (30),

if the user produces a minimum descent force on the bar (30), the bar (30) will rise and put the user in physical constraint,

-If the user provides an equal and opposite force force to the bar (30), the bar (30) will be stuck in its advance but the force of the bar (30) will remain equal to the set value and continue to s apply to the user, the user will be in isometric weight training,

if the user provides a superior force and opposed to the force the bar (30), the bar

(30) will reverse its direction of movement but the driving force the bar (30) will remain equal to the set value and continue to apply to the user in the original direction, the user will be in concentric strength training,

if the user provides a lower and opposite force force the bar (30), the bar

(30) will continue his sense of displacement forcing the user's upper supports to follow the movement of the bar (30), the user will be in eccentric weight training.

In both cases, the user will be able during the same exercise to move alternately from an eccentric thrust movement on the carpet (l) towards the rear to an eccentric movement of forward thrust, a concentric movement of pushing the belt (1) backwards to an eccentric forward thrust movement, an eccentric bar climb movement (30) to an eccentric downward movement and a concentric bar climb movement (30) to a concentric movement of descent. Realizing a real session of agonist / antagonist musculation.

Referring to Figure 10

The combination of the systems defined according to the invention makes it possible to create a scrum thrust training machine specific to the rugby game.

This system consists of:

of the horizontal motorized mechanism according to the invention, as previously described and illustrated by FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, of the vertical motorized mechanism according to the invention, as previously described and illustrated by FIGS.

- A constructive organization as described above and illustrated in Figure 9. A quilted yoke (60) is attached to the force bar (30) which is animated by a vertical movement.

The player pushes backwards on the mat (1), the mat reacts and exerts a force forward putting the player into muscular strain. If the player provides a greater effort than the mat, the mat moves backwards; the movement of the player corresponds to that of a player who advances. If the player provides less effort than the mat, the mat moves forward; the movement of the player corresponds to that of a player who recoils.

If with the upper body, the player exerts an upward effort, the yoke will force down.

If with the upper body, the player exerts a downward effort, the yoke will force upward.

The resulting displacement of this player-versus-motorized fight will be the movement imposed by the player if he is stronger than the machine or moving the machine if he is stronger than the player. The fight ends as soon as the player relaxes his effort; the motorized machine stops its movement.

The device according to the invention is particularly intended for training athletes:

-the sports halls by allowing users:

to solicit in a short time a maximum of muscle groups,

-to work in safety in eccentric weight training that corresponds to the case where the loads cause the movements by putting the user in resistance. This is the most effective bodybuilding mode but the fact that the load dominates the user makes it dangerous with traditional devices. The device according to the invention allows the blocking of the load as soon as the user disengages.

-to work in the same exercise, without changing the supports, the agonist and antagonist muscles alternately following the two directions of motorization in the three modes of contraction: isometric, concentric and eccentric, thus ensuring a balanced bodybuilding.

- to rugby clubs by climbing on the bar (30) a yoke of rugby (Fig. 10). Such a system will allow you to train individually for melee thrust. After disassembly of the yoke, the system will find a configuration for use of complex bodybuilding.

- cyclists who want to gain pedaling power by working on a pedal that allows eccentric muscular contractions. The pedal motor tries to turn the pedals in the opposite direction to that of the user.

Claims

claims

1) Exercise-reactive trigger strength training device for agonist and antagonist musculation in contractions: concentric, isometric, eccentric, this device comprises:

- a motorized mechanism (5) (34) (53) with two opposite direction of operation which provides for each direction a motorized force of adjustable intensity (8) (9) to a movable support (2) (30) (51) on which a part of the body of the user is supported and exerts effort,

a fixed support (3) (33) (52) allowing the user to take a second support in order to oppose the motorized force of the mobile support (2) (30) (51) in both directions,

Characterized in that the acquisition by a detection system (6) (39) (58) of the direction and reversals of the user's effort instantly causes the transmission of a force and a displacement. the moving support (2) (30) (51) in the direction opposite to the sensed direction of the user's effort and, when the user reverses the direction of his effort, a reversal of direction of movement and motorized force of the movable support (2) (30) (51) which provides:

- when the intensity of the user's effort is less than the intensity of the motorized force: maintaining the direction of movement and the motorized force of the mobile support (2) (30) (51) in the direction opposed to the user's effort followed by a reversal of the direction of movement and the motorized force of the support

mobile (2) (30) (51) if the user reverses the direction of his effort,

when the intensity of the effort of the user is equal to the intensity of the motorized force: a stop of the displacement of the mobile support (2) (30) (51) and a maintenance of the direction of the motorized force,

- when the intensity of the user's effort is greater than the intensity of the motorized force: a change of direction of movement of the movable support (2) (30) (51) in the same direction as the the user's effort and a maintenance of the direction of the motorized force followed by a reversal of the direction of movement and the motorized force of the mobile support (2) (30) (51) if the user reverses the direction of his effort,

- when no direction of effort of the user is detected: a stop of the movement and the motorized force of the mobile support (2) (30) (51).

2) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the motorized mechanism (5) (34) (53) has a reversible force transmission (4) (35) (56) in the two directions of movement which allow the maintenance of the direction and the regulated intensity of the motorized force of the mobile support (2) (30) (51) during:

moving the movable support (2) (30) (51) in the direction opposite to the direction of the motorized force transmitted to the mobile support (2) (30) (51)

the immobility of the mobile support (2) (30) (51) caused by a force of the user's support on the mobile support (2) (30) (51) equal to the set intensity (8) (9); ) of the motorized force transmitted to the movable support (2) (30) (51).

3) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a detection system (6) (39) (58) which detects the direction of the effort of the user on its fixed or movable supports using sensors of proximity (23) and (24), (40) and (41), or strain gauges (56) and (57) for controlling:

- Stop the motorized mechanism as soon as there is no sense of effort detected.

4) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it acts on the operating safety by allowing the stop and start of the system only from the detection of the adjustable intensity of a l ' user-provided minimum safety effort by means of springs (28), (39) and strain gauge detection thresholds (56) (57) for triggering control of:

stopping the motorized mechanism as soon as the user releases his effort below an intensity lower than the safety value,

- The setting in motion of the motorized mechanism as soon as the user provides a force of intensity greater than the security value.

5) Device according to claim 1 which has a conventional automatic control system (25) (26) characterized in that it comprises:

- a programmable logic controller or an electronic card: which controls, stops or the direction of rotation of the motor according to the detection of the direction of the minimum safety effort

a system for visualizing the user's effort time,

a system for visualizing the posture of the user during the effort,

- adjustment of the intensity of the motorized force and the speed of each movement. 6) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises in its horizontal configuration:

- The motorized mechanism according to the invention which drives in the directions, front and rear treadmill (1), on which the user can support () to perform efforts forward and backward in the same exercise,

a system for detecting the direction of the effort (6),

a fixed support support constituted by a horizontal crossbar connected to the frame of the motorized mechanism by two vertical elements (7) of adjustable height on which the user takes a support (3) with the top of his body,

- a control cabinet (25) (26).

7) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises in its vertical configuration:

- The motorized mechanism according to the invention which causes in a vertical movement a movable support consisting of two slides (31) connected by a horizontal cross member (30) sliding in vertical supports (32) in the directions, up and down, on which the user can perform with the upper body a climb and descent effort,

a system for detecting the direction of the effort (39),

a fixed low support support (33) constituted by a fixed horizontal support connected to the vertical motorized mechanism on which the user bears with the lower part of his body,

- a control cabinet (25) (26).

8) Device according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises in its rotary configuration:

- A motorized mechanism according to the invention which drives in rotation about the motorized axis a movable support constituted by a lever (51), on which the user can exercise with a part of his body: hands or feet, an effort of rotation in one direction or the other,

a system for detecting the direction of the effort (58),

a fixed support (52) connected to the frame of the vertical motorized mechanism on which the user bears in order to exert the rotational force,

a control cabinet (25) (26)

9) Device according to claims 6 and 7 characterized in that it comprises in a complex configuration: the motorized device according to the invention in its horizontal configuration without the vertical fixed support portion (3) and (21),

the motorized device according to the invention in its vertical configuration, without the support plate (33) but keeping the horizontal force detection system (22) (6) fixed in place of the fixed vertical part (3) and (21) the horizontally powered device,

a control cabinet (25) (26).

10) Device according to claims 6 and 8 characterized in that it comprises in a complex configuration:

the motorized device according to the invention in its horizontal configuration without the horizontal bar of the fixed support

the motorized device according to the invention in its rotational configuration fixed on the vertical support of the fixed support of horizontal configuration,

a control cabinet (25) (26).