EP3097641A1 - Procédé et système d'extraction dynamique d'impulsions dans un signal temporel bruité - Google Patents
Procédé et système d'extraction dynamique d'impulsions dans un signal temporel bruitéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3097641A1 EP3097641A1 EP15702977.8A EP15702977A EP3097641A1 EP 3097641 A1 EP3097641 A1 EP 3097641A1 EP 15702977 A EP15702977 A EP 15702977A EP 3097641 A1 EP3097641 A1 EP 3097641A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- pulse
- acquired
- threshold
- acquired signal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
- G01R19/04—Measuring peak values or amplitude or envelope of ac or of pulses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/01—Shaping pulses
- H03K5/08—Shaping pulses by limiting; by thresholding; by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding
- H03K5/082—Shaping pulses by limiting; by thresholding; by slicing, i.e. combined limiting and thresholding with an adaptive threshold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K5/00—Manipulating of pulses not covered by one of the other main groups of this subclass
- H03K5/153—Arrangements in which a pulse is delivered at the instant when a predetermined characteristic of an input signal is present or at a fixed time interval after this instant
- H03K5/1532—Peak detectors
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of the detection and extraction of pulses in a noisy temporal signal having a set of pulses of different amplitude and duration.
- the invention finds particular application in the field of nuclear instrumentation (in particular gamma and X spectrometry, neutron-gamma discrimination or neutron counting), in the field of the analysis of medical signals (electrocardiograms, electroencephalograms). ), or in the field of radar detection.
- the density of the pulses received is variable, ranging from a few shots per second to several thousand shots per second.
- Real-time pulse processing is then difficult to perform.
- several reception channels can acquire pulses. It is then often necessary to compare the impulses from these channels, in particular to determine precisely the duration that separates them.
- the calculation capacities required, as well as the nature of the treatments to be performed, can then vary considerably depending on the case.
- the first step concerns the formatting (s) of the signal.
- the objective is to overcome as much as possible the evolution of the signal, its baseline and the electronic noise over time to facilitate the setting up of one or more thresholds of detection fixed and parameterized before measurement by the user according to the characteristics of the signal itself.
- This first step is dependent on the detector, the preamplifier as well as the signals to be processed and forces the total deformation (noise filter, anti-stacking) or partial (restoration of the baseline) of the signal.
- the pulses representative of the information to be extracted cross the detection threshold, the processes execute to extract the desired information (maximum amplitude, counting).
- This approach therefore requires the user to know in advance all or part of the information he wishes to extract. For example, if the user seeks to detect a source characterizable by its high energies, he can afford to set the threshold high enough. But this is not possible in applications where we do not know the source or sources to be characterized, so that the threshold must always be close to noise to be able to detect all energies. On the other hand, the user must be careful to detect noise as much as possible, which makes it necessary, by ignoring the evolution of the noise, to set a sufficiently high detection threshold. As a result, some of the low energy information may be lost (the threshold is too high) while another part of the information may be inaccurate (the threshold being too close to the noise).
- the second step concerns the windowing of the information (s) to be processed as part of an observation on the form (neutron-gamma discrimination) or of a calculation of energy (area, duration over a threshold).
- the traditional approach to observe or save one or more pulses is to use the method presented in the previous paragraph, that is to say the use of a shaping step and the setting of one or more fixed detection thresholds.
- the backup and / or the processing of the pulse ends.
- This approach also does not take into account the evolution of the signal, its baseline and noise over time.
- the windowing of the pulse ends randomly: either the window of the pulse is too short because the noise present is detected by the threshold, or the evolution of the baseline causes the signal to drop below the set threshold or vice versa, it will pass too early. As a result, some of the information may be lost or even false.
- Another solution for isolating the pulses from the rest of the signal consists in using a temporal windowing, that is, instead of an end-of-pulse detection threshold, a window can be opened from the first detection of the pulse in order to cover the entire pulse.
- This solution nevertheless forces the user to adjust this parameter manually, and thus to provide a window whose size is large enough to be able to record the largest impulses.
- much unnecessary information is stored, decreasing the quality of the results.
- several pulses, stacked or not, are in this window they are considered and treated as a single pulse, thus distorting the results.
- the object of the invention is to overcome these disadvantages so as not to deteriorate the quality of the information relating to the pulses that can be extracted from a noisy temporal signal.
- a method of processing a noisy temporal signal having a set of pulses of different amplitude and duration comprising a step of processing the signal acquired by a detector for detecting the pulses, said processing comprising the calculation of a derivative of the acquired signal and a comparison of the derivative of the acquired signal to a threshold for detecting a pulse when the derivative of the acquired signal is greater than the threshold, characterized in that the threshold is dynamically adapted to the noise level affecting the derivative of the acquired signal.
- the calculation of the standard deviation of the noise affecting the derivative of the acquired signal comprises a smoothing of the signal acquired by a low-pass filter, the calculation of a signal differentiated by subtraction of the smoothed signal from the acquired signal, the derivation of the differentiated signal , and a calculation of the standard deviation of the derived differentiated signal;
- the amplitude of the peak of the pulse is determined by comparing the amplitude of the peak of the pulse with the amplitude of the acquired acquired signal before the derivative of the acquired signal exceeds the threshold;
- it comprises memorizing the signal acquired from the detection of the pulse to a predetermined multiple of said duration from the peak of the pulse; it comprises tracking the derivative of the acquired signal to detect a new stacking pulse when the derivative of the acquired signal exceeds the threshold, determining the location of the peak of the new pulse stack, identifying the duration separating the peak the new pulse of an amplitude of the acquired signal corresponding to a predetermined ratio of the amplitude of the peak of the new pulse in stack, and the memorization of the acquired signal up to a predetermined multiple of said duration since the peak of the new stacking pulse;
- the invention also extends to a system configured for the implementation of this method, as well as to a computer program product comprising code instructions for the execution of this method.
- FIGS. 1a and 1b represent a standard pulse whose decay approximation can be done by a decreasing exponential and an example of an impulse stack, respectively;
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a system for processing a noisy temporal signal to extract pulses according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a method of processing a noisy temporal signal to extract pulses according to a possible embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 4a and 4b illustrate the windowing according to a possible implementation of the invention corresponding to the detection of a pulse and a stack of pulses, respectively;
- pulse corresponds to a charge-and-discharge event of a resistance-capacitor equivalent circuit whose decay can be approximated by a decreasing exponential as shown in FIG.
- the shape of a pulse varies according to the system and the type of event encountered by the detector and the potential deficits generated by the detector and preamplifier combination upstream of the analog-digital converter responsible for digitizing the analyzed pulse signal. Similarly, the relationship of proportionality between charge and discharge can be corrupted by the appearance of delayed reaction events.
- stack corresponds to the appearance of several impulse events in a too short period of time for the circuit to finish completely discharging the energy of the individualities.
- An example of stacking is shown in Figure lb where there are two overlapping pulses.
- the invention proposes a system 1 for processing a noisy temporal signal X (t) having a set of pulses of different amplitude and duration, comprising a processing unit 4 of the signal configured to detecting the pulses, said unit 4 being able to be arranged downstream of a preamplifier 2 of the signal acquired by a detector, for example a nuclear radiation detector, and an analog-digital converter 3 capable of digitizing the acquired signal.
- a preamplifier 2 of the signal acquired by a detector for example a nuclear radiation detector
- an analog-digital converter 3 capable of digitizing the acquired signal.
- the processing unit 4 is placed directly after the analog-digital converter 3.
- the signal is not deformed by digital preprocessing and the information extracted by the processing unit 4 retains its original characteristics.
- the invention is however not limited to a purely digital implementation, but can generally be implemented both in analog, in digital, with a computer program code running on a processor, that on reconfigurable media such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or dedicated media such as ASIC (for "Application Specifies Integrated Circuit").
- reconfigurable media such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) or dedicated media such as ASIC (for "Application Specifies Integrated Circuit"
- the processing unit 4 is more particularly configured to carry out a high-pass filtering of the signal acquired by the detector and to compare the acquired signal filtered by the high-pass filter with a pulse-start detection threshold to detect a pulse when the filtered acquired signal is greater than said threshold.
- detection of the pulse is meant the detection of the arrival of a pulse, ie the detection of a start time of a pulse in the acquired signal.
- the processing unit 4 comprises a pulse detection module 5 and a calculation module of the detection threshold 6 connected to the pulse detection module.
- the high-pass filtering has the advantage of retaining the high-frequency components of the signal acquired by the detector, the abrupt variations of which are synonymous with the start of pulses, and of avoiding the low-frequency components of which the baseline of the pulses. It also has the advantage of reducing the width of the pulses, thus increasing the possibility of detecting the stacks.
- a preferred embodiment of such a high-pass filtering corresponds to a derivative calculation
- the processing unit 4 is more particularly configured to implement the method described below.
- the invention proposes calculating the pulse start detection threshold autonomously and dynamically, while avoiding the characteristics of the signal-noise assembly to be processed.
- the invention is based on the derivative of the original signal to decide whether to consider the presence of a pulse.
- Using the signal derivative allows both to normalize the signal around zero because the average of the derivative is zero, but also to easily unstack a portion of the pulses by the mathematical properties of the derivative.
- the method according to the invention thus comprises a calculation step, by the detection threshold calculation module 6, of the standard deviation of the noise affecting the derivative of the acquired signal, the pulse start detection threshold S used. by the pulse detection module 5 being dynamically adapted according to this calculated standard deviation.
- the arrival of a pulse can be declared when the derivative of the acquired signal exceeds a threshold which corresponds to a predetermined multiple of the standard deviation ⁇ of the noise affecting the derivative.
- the standard deviation is measured from the variance of a portion of the signal and makes it possible to measure the dispersion around the average, which in this case is zero.
- the calculation of the standard deviation must theoretically be carried out without the presence of pulses on the portion of the signal studied, these influencing the result on the rise.
- the invention proposes in a preferred embodiment to use the signal in the presence of pulses and to overcome the presence of the pulses to observe noise and calculate the threshold.
- the calculation of the standard deviation of the noise affecting the derivative of the acquired signal may comprise a smoothing of the signal acquired by an ideal low-pass filter, the calculation of a signal differentiated by subtraction of the signal smoothed at acquired signal, this subtraction making it possible to obtain a signal containing the noise alone, a derivation of the differentiated signal, and finally a calculation of the standard deviation ⁇ of the derived differentiated signal.
- a non-ideal low pass filter with an infinite impulse response is used.
- the response of the filter reveals a phase shift, and the subtraction of the two signals can therefore contain the differences in phase shift generated which disturbs the measurement of the standard deviation.
- the noise may be attenuated if it is not perfectly smoothed before subtraction, thus distorting the calculation of the standard deviation.
- the invention proposes in this variant to make a first pass for calculating the standard deviation of the signal of the derivative resulting from the difference between the original signal and the filtered original signal.
- a first threshold is set by this first standard deviation and is used to perform a second calculation of the standard deviation on the same derived original signal window but without the absolute values of this derived original signal being above this first threshold. From this new standard deviation, a more precise threshold is calculated which serves for the detection of the pulses.
- the use of the standard normal law that is to say of zero mean and utility standard deviation, can be used to calculate the pulse detection threshold S to which the digital derivative is compared. Indeed, when a signal follows a normal distribution, 99.7% of its values are between -3 * the standard deviation and 3 * the standard deviation of this signal. It is therefore possible to consider that an S, SI threshold at a minimum of 4 * the standard deviation will almost always be above the noise but also very close to it in comparison with traditional methods.
- the invention further proposes, according to a second aspect, an equally dynamic windowing of the pulses detected using the dynamic pulse detection threshold S described above.
- This dynamic windowing is a function of the size of the pulses and / or the sum of the stacks, and is based on an approximation of the decay of a pulse (characteristic of the discharge of a capacitor) by a function of the type exponential decreasing. Indeed, by the mathematical characteristics of the decreasing exponential it is possible, once calculated the time constant tau of the RC circuit modeling the capacitor and corresponding to about 37% (1 / e) of the height of the pulse, to predict the end of the pulse for example when the date of 5 x tau is exceeded (this date corresponding to 1% of the height of the pulse).
- This dynamic windowing thus requires locating the peak of the pulse, and relies, for example, on a high-pass filtering of the signal acquired by the detector for which the local maxima of the acquired signal result in a sign change such as is the case for the derivative.
- the various steps of the detection of a pulse and its windowing in order to memorize the different samples in a table are as follows, described here in the context of the preferred embodiment. implemented in digital and using the calculation of the digital derivative of the digitized acquired signal.
- FIGS. 4a and 4b each represent the acquired signal X (t) and its derivative X '(t) and correspond more precisely to the detection of the start time and to the windowing of a pulse and a stack of pulses. , respectively.
- the digital derivative DER is compared with the dynamic pulse detection threshold S and if the threshold S is exceeded indicating the arrival of a pulse, the tail value of the buffer memory is saved during an operation " MEM-BUFFO ". With reference to FIGS. 4a and 4b, the threshold S is exceeded at a date t0.
- a "REMP" operation is performed during the filling of a table storing the different samples of the digitized acquired signal, for example taking for first values the values stored in the buffer which are earlier than the pulse, then for values following those corresponding to the pulse.
- the digital derivative DER is tracked to locate the peak of the pulse when the digital derivative changes sign.
- the peak of the pulse is located at a time t1.
- the duration ⁇ separating a sample of the digitized acquired signal corresponding to the peak of the pulse (at t1 in FIGS. 4a and 4b) and a sample of digitized acquired signal whose amplitude corresponds to a predetermined ratio of the amplitude of the peak of the pulse (at t2 in FIGS. 4a and 4b).
- the ratio is for example 37% when we approximate the decay of a pulse by a decreasing exponential.
- the amplitude of the peak of the pulse can in particular be determined by comparing the amplitude of the sample of the digitized acquired signal corresponding to the peak of the pulse to the amplitude of a sample of the digitized acquired acquired signal while the derivative digital is zero before it exceeds the pulse start detection threshold, and thus represents the baseline of the pulse. More particularly, the trailing value of the stored buffer during the operation "MEM-BUFFO" can be used as the basic value of the pulse and any stacked pulses.
- the "REMP" filling operation of a table storing the different samples of the digitized acquired signal comprises storing the samples of the digitized acquired signal preceding the pulse stored in the buffer memory at t0, and storing the samples of the acquired signal. digitized from the sample (at t0 in FIG. 4a) corresponding to the detection of the pulse up to a sample (at t3 in FIG. 4a) distant from a predetermined multiple n of said duration ⁇ of the corresponding sample at the peak of the impulse.
- the multiple n is preferably greater than three, for example equal to 5.
- An end of pulse detection threshold below the pulse start detection threshold S is therefore used, preferably a dynamic threshold depending on the level of the pulse.
- noise typically a threshold value less than or equal to a predetermined multiple of the standard deviation, for example 3 * standard deviation. If necessary, the "REMP" filling operation of the array is continued as long as the absolute value of the derivative is not less than the end of pulse detection threshold.
- a stack is also detected during the "REMP" filling operation.
- the digital derivative DER is tracked to detect a new stacking pulse when the derivative goes back above the dynamic detection threshold S. Such a passage occurs at t0 'in FIG. 4b.
- a "TAG" marking operation of the table being filled is carried out to indicate that it corresponds to an aggregate of pulses and not to a single pulse.
- the various steps previously described are also repeated: waiting for the zero crossing of the derivative to locate the peak of the new pulse at tl ', calculating a new duration ⁇ ' related to the decrease of the new pulse, this new duration separating a sample of the digitized acquired signal corresponding to the peak of the new stacking pulse (at tl ') and a sample of the digitized acquired signal whose amplitude corresponds to a predetermined ratio of the amplitude of the peak of the new stacking pulse ( at t2 '), storing the samples until the end of the new pulse (at t3'), that is to say at least up to a sample remote by a predetermined multiple of said duration ⁇ 'of the sample corresponding to the peak of the new pulse in stacking, and if necessary as long as the absolute value of the derivative is greater than the threshold of detection of end of pulse
- An observation of the size of the window before saving the sample table can be done to ensure that it does not record an artifact other than a pulse.
- the size of the window is smaller than the minimum temporal resolution of a pulse produced by the combination of the detector and the preamplifier, it is preferable to reject it.
- the invention makes it possible to guard against both a window size which is too large or too small.
- the invention also eliminates of the stacked signal rejection constraint which is problematic for short duration measurements.
- the invention indeed offers the possibility of post-processing the stacks which are found in the form of tables of stacks marked as such and not truncated.
- FIG. 1 Three examples of pulse extraction realized by the implementation of the invention are shown in FIG. These extractions are marked as representative of a single pulse (NPU) or a stack (PU). We will note the variable size of these extractions which is a function of the extractions.
- the invention is not limited to the method and system described above, but also extends to a computer program product comprising code instructions for executing the digitized acquired signal processing step to detect pulses of the method as described above when said program is executed on a computer, for example on the processor of the processing unit 4.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1450568A FR3016758B1 (fr) | 2014-01-23 | 2014-01-23 | Procede et systeme d'extraction dynamique d'impulsions dans un signal temporel bruite |
PCT/EP2015/050927 WO2015110398A1 (fr) | 2014-01-23 | 2015-01-20 | Procédé et système d'extraction dynamique d'impulsions dans un signal temporel bruité |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3097641A1 true EP3097641A1 (fr) | 2016-11-30 |
Family
ID=51205478
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP15702977.8A Withdrawn EP3097641A1 (fr) | 2014-01-23 | 2015-01-20 | Procédé et système d'extraction dynamique d'impulsions dans un signal temporel bruité |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160341770A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3097641A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3016758B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015110398A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2016180455A1 (fr) * | 2015-05-08 | 2016-11-17 | Inficon ag | Procédé de traitement d'un signal de mesure d'une cellule de mesure de pression et ensemble cellule de mesure |
JP6730611B2 (ja) * | 2017-01-11 | 2020-07-29 | 富士通株式会社 | 無線解析装置、無線解析方法、及びプログラム |
CN112134545B (zh) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-04-22 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种基于最佳滤波器的梯形成形方法、系统、终端及介质 |
CN116933144B (zh) * | 2023-09-18 | 2023-12-08 | 西南交通大学 | 基于时-谱匹配的脉冲信号特征参数识别方法及相关装置 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3473511B2 (ja) * | 1999-07-22 | 2003-12-08 | 三菱電機株式会社 | マルチパスノイズ除去装置、オーディオ出力装置およびfm受信機 |
US6512944B1 (en) * | 2000-07-20 | 2003-01-28 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Low distortion ECG filter |
US7155275B2 (en) * | 2004-10-18 | 2006-12-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Method and apparatus for adjusting cardiac event detection threshold based on dynamic noise estimation |
US20100271044A1 (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2010-10-28 | Main.Net Communications Ltd. | Remote detection of discharge on a power line network |
-
2014
- 2014-01-23 FR FR1450568A patent/FR3016758B1/fr active Active
-
2015
- 2015-01-20 WO PCT/EP2015/050927 patent/WO2015110398A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-01-20 US US15/112,976 patent/US20160341770A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-01-20 EP EP15702977.8A patent/EP3097641A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR3016758B1 (fr) | 2017-08-11 |
US20160341770A1 (en) | 2016-11-24 |
FR3016758A1 (fr) | 2015-07-24 |
WO2015110398A1 (fr) | 2015-07-30 |
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