EP3096416B1 - Bague de glissement et procédé de transmission correspondant - Google Patents
Bague de glissement et procédé de transmission correspondant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3096416B1 EP3096416B1 EP16170256.8A EP16170256A EP3096416B1 EP 3096416 B1 EP3096416 B1 EP 3096416B1 EP 16170256 A EP16170256 A EP 16170256A EP 3096416 B1 EP3096416 B1 EP 3096416B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transmission
- signal
- movable portion
- fixed portion
- slip ring
- Prior art date
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/08—Slip-rings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
- H01F38/18—Rotary transformers
Definitions
- the present invention refers to a slip ring, as well as to a power and signal transmission method by means of such a slip ring.
- the invention regards a slip ring comprising a fixed portion and a movable portion for the power and signal transmission from a sensor, for example a thermocouple, and the following description is made with reference to this application field with the only purpose to simplify its exposition.
- slip rings are devices used in many electromechanical systems that require a free continuous rotation with the purpose of transferring electrical power and/or data from a fixed portion to a rotating portion, continuously over 360°.
- slip rings essentially occurs in order to be able to eliminate the connection metal wires, which are susceptible to be damaged when hanging from movable joints.
- a slip ring therefore comprises at least one ring connection structure, which includes brushes and related brush-holder for the sliding contact between a fixed portion and a movable portion of the slip ring, such a connection structure being usually protected by a cover made of aluminum, steel or other materials so as to guarantee the proper protection based on the required application requirements.
- a slip ring essentially comprises the fixed portion, also called stator, including the brushes and the movable portion, in particular rotating, also called rotor, comprising the rings, both elements, brushes and rings, being made of conductive materials and being in contact, in particular in a sliding contact, on at least one interface surface between stator and rotor.
- conductive materials such as aluminum and steel, but also stainless steel or special plastic materials, as well as metals such as, for example, copper, silver-plated copper, golden copper or brass can be used.
- the slip ring is a passive element, in particular an electromechanical component formed by sliding contacts realized by ring-brush pairs, each brush exclusively assuring the contact with an external surface of a related ring, at an interface surface between the fixed portion and the movable or rotating portion of the slip ring.
- Such sliding contacts allow a transmission of analog voltage or current signals and currently the so obtained slip rings are mainly employed in the industrial robotics and are used to improve the efficiency of an electromechanical system that comprises them, by simplifying the operation and eliminating the problem related to the wear and damaging of wires and/or cables exiting the slip ring itself.
- this solution has the drawback of needing a precise alignment of the light emitters and receivers, and such alignment should be always guaranteed.
- DE 10 2013 220 205 A1 discloses a system for data and electric power transmission integrated in an X-ray imaging system, wherein a fixed portion is equipped with a transmission unit for the generation and the transmission of data with a rotating portion, the transmission unit being connected to a first antenna.
- the rotating portion in turn comprises a reception unit and a second antenna for receiving and sending data.
- the power transmission is performed by means of a traditional system comprising rings and brushes.
- the technical problem of the present invention is to devise a slip ring, having such structural and functional characteristics to allow a proper signals transfer without an excessive wear of the elements forming it, and without the need of aligning the elements adapted to transmit and receive those signals, as well as allowing significant mechanical deviations between the fixed portion and the rotating portion during its operation, in that way overcoming the limitations and the drawbacks that still affect the slip rings made according to the prior art.
- the solution idea at the basis of the present invention is to separate the signal and power transmission, the signal transmission being realized according to a contactless (wireless) transmission mode, in particular through magnetic induction, by means of inductive coupling elements such as magnetic induction coils, also using suitable analog-to-digital (A/D) conversions and digital-to-analog (D/A) reconversions.
- a slip ring according to claim 1.
- the invention comprises the following additional and optional characteristics, taken individually or in combination, if necessary.
- the movable portion and fixed portion can comprise respective printed circuit boards, associated with the contactless transmission elements, comprising respective transmission/reception units being connected to respective signal converters and respective signal transmission terminals.
- the contact transmission element can comprise at least one ring integral with the movable portion, arranged at the interface surface and in contact with at least one brush integral with the fixed portion, so as to form a sliding contact at the interface surface, that contact transmission element being connected to respective power transmission terminals of the movable and fixed portions.
- the signal converters can be an analog-to-digital converter and a digital-to-analog converter, respectively.
- the movable portion can comprise a printed circuit board, a contactless transmission element and the ring of the contact transmission element, inserted in a suitable case whose outer surface forms the interface surface; in a similar way, the fixed portion can comprise a printed circuit board, a contactless transmission element and the brush of the contact transmission element, inserted in a further case.
- the cases of the movable portion and the fixed portion, respectively, can be made of aluminum.
- the movable portion and fixed portion can be mutually coaxial with a predetermined longitudinal axis thereof, the movable portion being pivotable around that longitudinal axis.
- the contactless signal transmission can comprise a conversion of an input analog signal received on a signal transmission terminal into a received digital signal, which is contactlessly transmitted between the movable portion and the fixed portion, and a subsequent reconversion of the transmitted digital signal into an output signal to a further signal transmission terminal.
- the contactless transmission of the received digital signal can occur according to the mutual induction principle between the inductive coupling elements of the movable portion and the fixed portion, by supplying at least one of those inductive coupling elements with a signal having a constant amplitude and variable frequency.
- the signal conversion, re-conversion and transmission steps can be realized by means of transmission/reception units, signal converters and contactless transmission elements included in the movable portion and the fixed portion of the slip ring.
- the power transmission can be realized by means of a sliding contact realized by means of at least one brush-ring pair of at least one contact transmission element, included into the slip ring, the ring being integral with the movable portion and the brush being integral with the fixed portion.
- a slip ring realized according to the present invention is globally indicated with 10.
- the figures represent schematic views of the device according to the invention and they are not drawn to scale, but instead they are drawn in order to emphasize the important characteristics of the invention.
- the different pieces are represented in a schematic way, their shape being able to vary according to the desired application.
- the slip ring 10 comprises at least one movable portion 10A, also called rotor, and one fixed portion 10B, also called stator. It is also defined at least one interface surface 10C between the movable portion 10A and the fixed portion 10B.
- the movable portion 10A and the fixed portion 10B are mutually coaxial, extending along a longitudinal axis HH, the movable portion 10A in particular being rotatable about that longitudinal axis HH, and they are mutually fastened in a known way by means of a ball bearing system that allows the movement, in particular the rotation, of the movable portion 10A.
- the movable portion 10A and the fixed portion 10B are provided with respective printed circuit boards, 11A and 11B, associated with respective contactless transmission elements, 12A and 12B.
- the contactless transmission elements, 12A and 12B include respective inductive coupling elements for the signal transmission by magnetic induction. Those inductive coupling elements are in the form of magnetic induction coils.
- At least two coils are included in the slip ring 10, those coils being mutually concentric.
- at least one first coil, always shown as 12A is arranged inside the movable portion 10A
- at least one second coil, always shown as 12B is arranged inside the fixed portion 10B, those coils being mutually concentric.
- the signal transmission between the concentric coils occurs according to the mutual induction principle, namely by feeding them with a signal having a constant amplitude and variable frequency proportional to an input signal, that signal being suitably converted, as it will be described in details in the following.
- the transmission occurs through a signal whose frequency is variable in a range from about 2 kHz to about 11 kHz; that signal can possibly be divided in suitable time slots and that frequency can possibly be adjustable based on the physical characteristics of the coils and/or their supports.
- the slip ring 10 also comprises further contact transmission elements, which are two in the example shown in the figure and are shown as 13 and 14.
- the contact transmission elements, 13 and 14 comprise respective rings 13A and 14A that are arranged at the interface surface 10C between the movable portion 10A and the fixed portion 10B and contacting respective brushes 13B and 14B, in order to realize a sliding contact at that interface surface 10C.
- the rings 13A and 14A are integral with the movable portion 10A and therefore they rotate therewith, while the brushes 13B and 14B are integral with the fixed portion 10B.
- the movable portion 10A comprises the printed circuit board 11A, the contactless transmission element 12A and the rings 13A and 14A of the contact transmission elements 13 and 14, which are inserted in a suitable case 15A, whose external surface realizes the interface surface 10C between the movable portion 10A and fixed portion 10B.
- the fixed portion 10B comprises the printed circuit board 11B, the contactless transmission element 12B and the brushes 13B and 14B of the contact transmission elements 13 and 14, which are inserted in a suitable case 16B too.
- the cases 15A and 16B are made of aluminum, in particular having an IP65 degree of protection, while the rings 13A and 14A and the brushes 13B and 14B are made of copper, silver-plated copper, gold-plated copper or brass, preferably gold-plated copper so that the sliding contact occurs between gold and gold.
- the printed circuit boards 11A and 11B comprise respective transmission/reception units 17A and 17B, provided with respective reception terminals, RXA and RXB, and transmission terminals, TXA and TXB, as well as respective signal converters, 18A and 18B, connected to such transmission/reception units, 17A and 17B.
- the slip ring 10 of the present invention separately transmits power and signals.
- the slip ring 10 is therefore provided with respective power transmission terminals, PowerA and PowerB, as well as respective signal transmission terminals, SignalA and SignalB, connected to the movable portion 10A and the fixed portion 10B, respectively.
- a first power transmission terminal PowerA is connected to the brushes 13B and 14B of the contact transmission elements, 13 and 14, while a second power transmission terminal PowerB is connected to rings 13A and 14A of the contact transmission elements, 13 and 14; in that way, the power transmission inside the slip ring 10 occurs by contact, thanks to the contact transmission elements, 13 and 14, and in particular to the sliding contact between the respective brush-ring pairs.
- a first signal transmission terminal SignalA is connected to the printed circuit board 11A of the movable portion 10A and a second signal transmission terminal SignalB is connected to the printed circuit board 11B of the fixed portion 10B.
- the signal transmission terminal SignalA is connected to the signal converter 18A, in particular an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is in turn connected to the transmission/reception unit 17A.
- ADC analog-to-digital converter
- the ADC converter is an electronic circuit able to convert a continuous analog signal (e.g. a voltage) into a series of discrete values, indeed. Particularly, the continuous-time analog signal is sampled at a frequency indicated as "sampling rate" or sampling frequency.
- the received digital signal as converted by the signal converter 18A of the movable portion 10A, is transmitted to the fixed portion 10B, in particular to its integrated circuit board 11B and more in particular to the transmission/reception unit 17B included therein.
- That transmitted digital signal therefore is converted by the signal converter 18B, in particular a digital-to-analog converter (DAC), connected to the transmission/reception unit 17B and provided as output analog signal to the signal transmission terminal SignalB.
- DAC digital-to-analog converter
- the DAC converter in particular is able to generate a certain voltage or current level on its output terminal, according to a numerical value that is present at its input, based on a conversion table that is named LUT ("Look-Up Table"), which can have proportional characteristics in the relationship between digital values and the corresponding values of the analog signal to be generated, or it can follow a totally arbitrary trend, according to its usage.
- LUT Look-Up Table
- the signal transmission inside the slip ring 10 occurs contactlessly, thanks to the contactless transmission elements 12A and 12B, namely the magnetic induction coils, and in particular thanks to their interaction with the transmission/reception units, 17A and 17B, of the movable portion 10A and the fixed portion 10B, namely by magnetic induction.
- the slip ring 10 therefore has been provided with an electronic portion comprising the transmission/reception units, 17A and 17B, and the signal converters, 18A and 18B, housed in the integrated circuit boards, 11A and 11B, which allow a contactless transmission of digital signals, thanks also to the contactless transmission elements 12A and 12B. Therefore, advantageously it is possible to eliminate, for the signal transmission, the noise due to the sliding contact realized by the brush-ring pairs.
- that sliding coupling is maintained only for the power transmission, where the noise effects are not important.
- the present invention also refers to a power and signal transmission method by means of a slip ring of the above-described type.
- the transmission method essentially comprises the steps of:
- the step of contactless signal transmission comprises a conversion of an input analog signal, for example received from a sensor connected to the slip ring 10, into a received digital signal, which is transmitted contactlessly, and a following reconversion of that transmitted digital signal into an output signal.
- the signal conversion, reconversion and transmission operations are performed by means of suitable transmission/reception units, 17A and 17B, signal converters, 18A and 18B, as well as contactless transmission elements, 12A and 12B, namely the coils, included in the slip ring 10.
- the power transmission instead is realized by means of a sliding contact obtained, for example, by means of brush-ring pairs of suitable contact transmission elements, 13 and 14, included in the slip ring 10.
- the slip ring and the transmission method according to the present invention allow to carry out a simple and effective power and signal transmission, reducing the problems connected to the wear of the sliding components, which are reduced in their number, as well as reducing the noise, which is eliminated from the signal transmission, which is the one mainly affected by the same.
- the present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problem and has several advantages.
- the signal transmission through the coils does not need a precise alignment, as it is instead the case of optical signal transmission systems.
- the present invention allows a remarkable stability of the signal that is transmitted/received from the coils, that signal being immune to both the axial vibrations and the radial vibrations and being immune also to the rotational speed, which is only limited by the rotational speed of the movable portion.
- the signal transmitted between the coils by mutual induction is not influenced by the generation of dust due to the wear of the slip ring, in particular due to the contact between brushes and rings, as instead it is the case of the optical transmission systems, whose efficiency is limited by the presence of that dust.
- the slip ring of the invention is apt to perform bidirectional transmissions of the CAN-bus type, as well as to transfer multiple signals that are converted through the ADC and DAC system.
- the adoption of concentric coils allows the elimination of sliding contacts for the signal transmission. Therefore, this allows to eliminate a dynamic resistance related thereto and therefore to eliminate the related electrical noise generated by the sliding between brushes and rings during the rotation of the movable portion of the slip ring, noise that can cause signal transmission errors also when the contacts are not worn-out.
- the slip ring of the described type finds a useful application in case of temperature sensors, such as thermistor sensors or RTD ("Resistance Temperature Detector"), such as the so-called PT100 and PT1000 including resistors made of platinum (which have resistivity values equal to 100 ⁇ and 1000 ⁇ at 0°, actually), thermocouple sensors, but also in case of analog or digital signal transmission, for example for field bus in the so-called Controller Area Network, also named CAN-bus and in particular used in the automotive field as a serial transmission standard, specifically designed to work also in environments that are strongly disturbed by the presence of electromagnetic waves.
- temperature sensors such as thermistor sensors or RTD ("Resistance Temperature Detector")
- PT100 and PT1000 including resistors made of platinum (which have resistivity values equal to 100 ⁇ and 1000 ⁇ at 0°, actually), thermocouple sensors, but also in case of analog or digital signal transmission, for example for field bus in the so-called Controller Area Network, also named CAN-bus and in particular used in the automotive
- the slip ring according to the present invention does not suffer from the rotational speed variations of the movable portion thereof because the transmission, in particular the signal one, does not depend on sliding contacts, but occurs by magnetic induction through two concentric coils.
- the proposed slip ring and transmission method allow managing the power and signal transfer both mechanically and electronically, thanks to at least one contactless transmission, in particular a signal one, and thanks to a suitable signal processing that is obtained from components that are integrated in integrated circuit boards inserted in the slip ring.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Current Collectors (AREA)
- Dry Shavers And Clippers (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Une bague de glissement (10) comprenant au moins une partie mobile (10A) et une partie fixe (10B), au moins une surface d'interface (10C) étant définie entre elles, ladite bague de glissement (10) comprenant en outre des éléments de transmission sans contact (12A, 12B) pour une transmission de signal, qui sont associées à ladite partie mobile et à ladite partie fixe (10A, 10B) respectivement, ainsi qu'à au moins un élément de transmission à contact (13, 14) agencé au niveau de ladite surface d'interface (10C) et utilisé uniquement pour une transmission d'énergie, lesdits éléments de transmission sans contact (12A, 12B) comprenant des éléments de liaison inductifs respectifs pour une transmission de signal par induction magnétique, ladite bague de glissement (10) étant caractérisée en ce que lesdits éléments de liaison inductifs sont des bobines d'induction magnétique qui sont mutuellement concentriques et sont agencées à l'intérieur de ladite partie mobile et de la partie fixe (10A, 10B), respectivement.
- La bague de glissement (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite partie mobile et ladite partie fixe (10A, 10B) comprennent des cartes à circuits imprimés respectives (11A, 11B), associées auxdits éléments de transmission sans contact (12A, 12B), comprenant des unités d'émission / réception respectives (17A, 17B) qui sont connectées à des convertisseurs de signaux respectifs (18A, 18B) et des bornes de transmission de signaux respectives (SignalA, SignalB).
- La bague de glissement (10) selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que lesdits convertisseurs de signaux (18A, 18B) sont respectivement un convertisseur analogique-numérique et un convertisseur numérique-analogique.
- La bague de glissement (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ledit au moins un élément de transmission à contact (13, 14) comporte au moins une bague (13A, 14A) qui forme corps avec ladite partie mobile (10A), agencée à ladite surface d'interface (10C) et en contact avec au moins une brosse (13B, 14B) qui corme corps avec ladite partie fixe (10B), de manière à former un contact glissant au niveau de ladite surface d'interface (10C), ledit élément de transmission à contact (13, 14) étant connecté à des bornes de transmission d'énergie respectives (PowerA, PowerB) de ladite partie mobile et de ladite partie fixe (10A, 10B).
- La bague de glissement (10) selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que ladite partie mobile (10A) comprend une carte à circuit imprimé (11A), un élément de transmission sans contact (12A) et ladite bague (13A, 14A) dudit élément de transmission à contact (13, 14), inséré dans un boîtier approprié (15A) dont la surface externe forme ladite surface d'interface (10C), et ladite partie fixe (10B) comprend une carte à circuit imprimé (11B), un élément de transmission sans contact (12B) et ladite brosse (13B, 14B) dudit élément de transmission à contact (13, 14), insérée dans un autre boîtier (16B).
- La bague de glissement (10) selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que lesdits boîtiers (15A, 16B) de ladite partie mobile (10A) et de ladite partie fixe (10B), respectivement, sont en aluminium.
- La bague de glissement (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite partie mobile et ladite partie fixe (10A, 10B) sont mutuellement coaxiales avec un axe longitudinal prédéterminé (HH) de celle-ci, ladite partie mobile (10A) étant pivotante autour dudit axe longitudinal (HH).
- Un procédé de transmission d'énergie et de signal, comprenant les étapes consistant à :- prévoir au moins une bague de glissement (10) comprenant une partie mobile (10A) et une partie fixe (10B), ainsi qu'une surface d'interface (10C) entre ladite partie mobile et ladite partie fixe (10A, 10B) ;- séparer une transmission d'énergie et une transmission de signal ;- effectuer ladite transmission d'énergie au moyen d'un contact glissant réalisé entre ladite partie mobile (10A) et ladite partie fixe (10B) au niveau de ladite surface d'interface (10C) ; et- effectuer ladite transmission de signal au moyen d'une transmission sans contact entre ladite partie mobile (10A) et ladite partie fixe (10B), ladite transmission sans contact se produisant par induction magnétique au moyen d'éléments de transmission sans contact (12A, 12B) respectifs qui incluent des éléments de liaison inductifs, en ce que ladite transmission de signal sans contact s'effectue au moyen d'au moins une première bobine d'induction magnétique agencée dans ladite partie mobile (10A) et d'au moins une deuxième bobine d'induction magnétique agencée dans ladite partie fixe (10B), lesdites bobines étant mutuellement concentriques.
- Le procédé de transmission selon la revendication 8, dans lequel ladite transmission de signal sans contact comprend une conversion d'un signal analogique d'entrée reçu sur une borne de transmission de signal en un signal numérique reçu, qui est transmis sans contact entre ladite partie mobile et ladite partie fixe (10A, 10B), et une reconversion subséquente dudit signal numérique transmis en un signal de sortie vers une autre borne de transmission de signal.
- Le procédé de transmission selon la revendication 9, dans lequel ladite transmission sans contact dudit signal numérique reçu se produit selon le principe d'induction mutuelle entre lesdits éléments de liaison inductifs desdites partie mobile et partie fixe (10A, 10B), en fournissant un signal ayant une amplitude constante et une fréquence variable à au moins un desdits éléments de liaison inductifs.
- Le procédé de transmission selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel lesdites opérations de conversion, de re-conversion et de transmission de signal sont réalisées au moyen d'unités d'émission / réception (17A, 17B), de convertisseurs de signaux (18A, 18B) et desdits éléments de transmission sans contact (12A, 12B) inclus dans ladite partie mobile et ladite partie fixe (10A, 10B) de ladite bague de glissement (10).
- Le procédé de transmission selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11, dans lequel ladite transmission d'énergie est réalisée au moyen d'un contact glissant réalisé au moyen d'au moins une paire d'anneaux-brosses (13A, 14A ; 13B, 14B) d'au moins un élément de transmission à contact (13, 14), inclus dans ladite bague de glissement (10), ledit anneau (13A, 14A) étant solidaire de ladite partie mobile (10A), et ladite brosse (13B, 14B) étant solidaire de ladite partie fixe (10B).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITUB2015A000646A ITUB20150646A1 (it) | 2015-05-21 | 2015-05-21 | Collettore rotante e relativo metodo di trasmissione |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3096416A1 EP3096416A1 (fr) | 2016-11-23 |
EP3096416B1 true EP3096416B1 (fr) | 2018-09-26 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP16170256.8A Active EP3096416B1 (fr) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-05-19 | Bague de glissement et procédé de transmission correspondant |
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EP (1) | EP3096416B1 (fr) |
IT (1) | ITUB20150646A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN108418313A (zh) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-17 | 甘肃慧风节能有限公司 | 一种无刷磁耦滑环 |
CN108599813A (zh) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-09-28 | 中国计量大学 | 一种无触点的能量及信号传输滑环 |
CN112583126B (zh) * | 2020-12-15 | 2023-09-26 | 重庆前卫无线电能传输研究院有限公司 | 带滑环的嵌套式无线能量信号同步传输装置 |
CN115084961B (zh) * | 2022-08-19 | 2023-03-31 | 深圳皓影医疗科技有限公司 | 一种多通道信号和能量的传输装置 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2001044940A (ja) | 1999-07-27 | 2001-02-16 | Japan Servo Co Ltd | 回転光結合装置 |
JP6116159B2 (ja) * | 2012-08-27 | 2017-04-19 | キヤノン株式会社 | スリップリング、スリップリング電気システム、及びロボット |
DE102013220205A1 (de) * | 2013-10-07 | 2015-04-09 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Anordnung zur Leistungs- und Datensignalübertragung bei Röntgenbildgebungsgeräten mit rotierenden Einheiten |
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2015
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EP3096416A1 (fr) | 2016-11-23 |
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