EP3086052A1 - Element for air conditioning - Google Patents
Element for air conditioning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3086052A1 EP3086052A1 EP16166365.3A EP16166365A EP3086052A1 EP 3086052 A1 EP3086052 A1 EP 3086052A1 EP 16166365 A EP16166365 A EP 16166365A EP 3086052 A1 EP3086052 A1 EP 3086052A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air conditioning
- air
- conditioning element
- moisture
- heat exchange
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0089—Systems using radiation from walls or panels
- F24F5/0092—Systems using radiation from walls or panels ceilings, e.g. cool ceilings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/22—Means for preventing condensation or evacuating condensate
Definitions
- the invention relates to an air conditioning element for controlling the temperature of a building interior, comprising at least one support means and at least one heat exchange device which is arranged on at least one side of the support means and which can be flowed through by a heat transfer medium.
- cooling ceilings are known, which are used for example as suspended from a building ceiling surface cooling systems, in particular suspended cooling ceilings usually consist of individual plate elements.
- cooling tubes are usually already formed in the production of the plate elements in plasterboard or gypsum fiber boards and thereby completely enclosed by the respective gypsum board.
- the cooling tubes are thus no longer visible on the surfaces of the plate elements.
- cooling ceilings usually ceilings are called, the temperature is brought below the respective indoor air temperature inside the building and kept at this temperature level over a certain period.
- such cooling ceilings can be used, for example, as appropriate wall panels or as floor elements and in addition or in addition to a ceiling cooling also serve for wall or floor cooling.
- plastered cooling ceilings are known in the plaster layer, in which surface cooling systems are mounted directly in a building ceiling or building wall, for example, capillary mats or copper pipes are inserted and plastered in the ceiling or wall plaster.
- radiant cooling ceilings and convection cooling ceilings.
- Surface heating and / or cooling systems in which the heat transfer takes place predominantly by radiation, usually have closed surfaces. Plastered cooling ceilings directly are integrated in the building ceiling, usually work on this principle.
- surface heating and / or cooling systems in which the heat transfer is predominantly by convection are usually open constructions that are suspended from building ceilings and that are usually also coupled to a building ventilation system.
- the cooling of the aforementioned surface cooling systems is usually carried out by a closed coolant circuit in which cooled water is circulated as a coolant.
- the previously known surface cooling systems in which the heat transfer is predominantly by radiation are limited by the fact that condensate accumulates on the walls of the surface elements at low flow temperatures in cooling mode, especially at high humidity, since the room humidity condenses on the cold surfaces of the surface cooling systems.
- the air inside the building must be dehumidified at high energy and cost to avoid condensation.
- correspondingly complex building ventilation devices are required to dehumidify the entire supply air, which is blown into a building before.
- the above-mentioned openêtnitz- and / or cooling systems in which the heat transfer is mainly by convection both in the construction and in operation consuming, since usually every single surface element in addition to the connections to the corresponding heat transfer ducts in addition to supply air the building ventilation must be coupled.
- Fan coil units are usually operated at a temperature level between 10 ° and 14 ° C in order to sufficiently dehumidify building interiors. In order to achieve this temperature level, supply temperatures of, for example, 6 ° to 7 ° C. and return temperatures of, for example, 12 ° to 13 ° C. are to be set for supplying such fan coil units.
- the present invention therefore has as its object to avoid forêtncopy- or cooling systems of the type mentioned in the known from the prior art disadvantages, and to provide a surface element for air conditioning or temperature control of buildings, which both in its production as is also favorable during operation and which can be operated even at low temperatures of the coolant, for example at a flow temperature of the coolant of 6 ° C and a return temperature of 12 ° C, without forming condensate on the surfaces of the surface element in the cooling mode.
- an air-conditioning element for controlling the temperature of a building interior, comprising at least one support means and at least one heat exchange device, which is arranged on at least one side of the support means and which can be flowed through by a heat transfer medium, at least one moisture-regulating layer of a vapor-permeable material is applied to at least one side of the support means wherein the heat exchange device is at least partially in communication with the moisture-regulating layer.
- At least one moisture-regulating layer made of a vapor-permeable and hygrically active material is advantageously produced in the air-conditioning element vapor-permeable material provides an increased evaporation surface and can therefore absorb any accumulating condensate, without visible on the surface of the air conditioning element condensate occurs.
- the room air penetrates through the vapor-permeable material to the heat exchange element, which may have a temperature below the local dew point during cooling operation.
- the room air condenses on the heat exchange element and the condensate collects in the pores of the vapor-permeable material. After completion of the daily cooling operation, no heat energy is removed from the heat exchange element of the air conditioning element.
- the air-conditioning element together with the moisture-regulating layer is heated and a diffusion reversal begins, during which the collected condensate is dried out of the pores.
- Cement compounds are preferably used as the diffusion-open material.
- the enlargement of the evaporation surface is carried out by a micro pore system, which is connected to a Feinstkapillarnetz.
- the resulting moisture in the cooling operation of the air conditioning element ie capillary moisture, hygroscopic moisture and condensation is dissipated by the increased evaporation surface of the moisture-regulating layer of this at high speed, advantageously the air conditioning element itself remains superficially dry.
- air conditioning elements can be designed as suspended panel elements, which are attached by means of appropriate suspensions as ceiling panels hanging on a building ceiling, wherein advantageously each have a top and bottom of the air conditioning elements are available as heat exchange surfaces.
- air-conditioning elements can be integrated or plastered into a building wall or a building ceiling, in which case only an outer surface, in particular the underside of the air-conditioning element, being in contact with the building interior as a heat exchange surface.
- a carrier means serves to fix the arrangement of heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchange device to one another, for example, and to form a carrier material for the moisture regulating layer.
- the heat exchange device is at least partially in communication with the moisture-regulating layer or is at least partially embedded in this.
- the air-conditioning element for cooling the building that is to say when condensate preferably forms on the heat exchange device, it is immediately absorbed by the moisture-regulating layer.
- the at least one moisture-regulating layer forms an outer surface of the air-conditioning element.
- the moisture regulating layer on the outer surface of the air conditioning element absorb an excess moisture from the room air in a particularly rapid manner or reliably prevent condensation.
- the moisture-regulating layer on the outer surface of the air-conditioning element advantageously also offers a sound-absorbing effect due to the large surface which is permeable to vapor. This sound-absorbing effect can be further increased by a corresponding geometric design of the surface.
- the at least one heat exchange device is attached to at least one carrier means.
- the support means for fixing and stabilizing the distribution pipes and / or capillary tubes of the heat exchange device is used.
- carrier plates, carrier mats as well as a carrier grid, braid, fabric and / or nonwoven can serve as carrier means.
- the use of a metallic carrier material, for example made of aluminum, is advantageous since it additionally acts as a heat conductor or as a cold conductor and thus favors the heat or cold distribution on the surface of the air-conditioning element.
- the at least one heat exchange device is integrated in at least one carrier.
- a particularly compact support structure is provided, wherein distribution pipes and / or capillary tubes of the heat exchange device are integrated, for example, in support plates, support mats or carrier grid of the support means. distances between the tubes of the heat exchange device are connected by the carrier or stabilized by this.
- the at least one heat exchange device expediently comprises distributor tubes and / or capillary tubes, which are preferably connected to at least one flow collector tube and at least one return collector tube.
- heat exchange device can be used with distribution pipes or with capillary tubes with any cross-sectional geometries.
- distribution pipes with a circular and / or oval cross-section.
- distribution pipes and / or capillary tubes which, for example, have grooved or structured surfaces on their outsides.
- the tubes can be made, for example, of plastic or of a thermally conductive metal, for example of copper or of alloys containing copper.
- Advance collection pipes or return collection pipes which connect a plurality of distribution pipes or capillary tubes with one another, are known to offer the advantage that the number of connections required for the heat transfer medium can be reduced. For example, it is easily possible to connect the flow collection tubes or return collection tubes of several air conditioning elements in series or in parallel.
- the distribution pipes and / or the capillary tubes and / or at least one flow collection tube and / or at least one return collection tube are or are at least partially embedded in the moisture-regulating layer in an air-conditioning element.
- a possible formation of condensation on the tubes of the heat exchange device reliably prevented because they are at least partially embedded in the moisture-regulating layer and condensate is rapidly absorbed by this.
- the at least one moisture-regulating layer made of a vapor-permeable material has an air-pore content of at least 35% and a water-vapor-diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness of at most 0.5 m.
- the limit values of the moisture-regulating layer to be observed are defined as the abovementioned physical properties.
- the water vapor diffusion current density of the material of the moisture-regulating layer falls into the class V1 on the basis of DIN EN 1062-1 Table 4.
- the moisture-regulating layer made of a pore plaster / Sanierputz from air-rich mortar layers containing additives.
- a pore plaster / Sanierputz which is used as a diffusion-open material layer, dyeable or structurable, which is why in this variant, the moisture-regulating layer can be made very flexible in different colors and / or structures.
- a vapor-permeable pore plaster / restoration plaster thus not only allows a large surface area for the absorption or evaporation of condensate and excess moisture, but also offers a sound-absorbing effect.
- pore plaster / restoration plaster refers to special plasters available on the market which, because of their vapor-permeable pore structure, absorb excess moisture from the air or condensate and also guide the collected moisture back to the outside during diffusion reversal and thus have a dehumidifying effect.
- "Renovation plasters” are produced by numerous manufacturers of wall plasters.
- "Refurbishment plasters according to WTA” are certified by the WTA (Scientific-Technical Association for the Preservation of Buildings and Historic Preservation eV with its registered office in Germany).
- the term "pore plasters” products Diffupor ®, ® and Poroment Hydroment ® for example, are available on the market.
- an air conditioning element of the pore plaster / Sanierputz surfactants as an aggregate wherein from 100 g to 1000 g of surfactants per 100 l of mortar, preferably from 300 g to 500 g of surfactants per 100 l of mortar, the pore / Sanierputz are added.
- the formulation of the added surfactants plays a major role in the formation of the air pores in the production of air-entrained concrete with the pore plaster / Sanierputz.
- the proportion of surfactant in the mortar also influences the moisture-regulating effect of the air-entrained concrete.
- the at least one support means comprises a flat support plate, which support plate is preferably made of an expanded metal.
- a plasterboard can be used as a support plate, wherein tubes of the heat exchange device are integrated in the planar support means. Distances between the tubes are connected or stabilized by the carrier plate.
- a carrier plate made of expanded metal is used as the carrier means, since this has a particularly high rigidity and thus undesired sagging of the air conditioning elements is reliably prevented.
- the stabilizing plate is preferably fastened to an upper side of the air-conditioning element. If necessary, for static stabilization of the air conditioning element, e.g. against sagging, additionally attached a stabilizing plate on the air conditioning element.
- the attachment of the stabilization plate on the air conditioning element takes place for example by gluing or a corresponding cohesive connection or by a mechanical connection.
- the stabilization plate is preferably arranged on the upper side of the plate element. In order to avoid undesired formation of condensation on the stabilizing plate in the cooling operation of the air conditioning element, this is designed, for example, perforated or perforated. Any condensate forming on the stabilization plate can pass through the perforation openings or perforations into the moisture-regulating layer and be collected there.
- an air conditioning element further comprises at least one fiber reinforcement layer, wherein the fiber reinforcement layer is at least partially embedded in the moisture-regulating layer and the fiber reinforcement layer preferably contains glass fibers.
- the fiber reinforcement layer serves for the static stabilization of the air conditioning element, such as e.g. against sagging.
- additives such as fibers, preferably glass fibers or fibrous holding materials, are added to the fiber reinforcement layer.
- an air conditioning element which further comprises at least one heat-insulating layer
- the heat-insulating layer is fastened to an upper side of the air-conditioning element and preferably forms an outer surface of the air-conditioning element.
- the thermal barrier coating serves for thermal optimization of the air conditioning element.
- an insulation board is arranged on the upper side of the air conditioning element.
- this insulation board is glued, for example, the air conditioning element or mechanically connected thereto. If the air-conditioning element is cast in a concrete ceiling, the thermal barrier coating serves as insulation for the concrete ceiling in cooling operation in order to achieve a more rapid cooling of the building interior.
- the heat transfer from the air conditioning element to the surrounding building interior mainly by radiant heat.
- This is particularly advantageous for economic reasons, since additional ventilation equipment or connections, which are otherwise usually required for the operation of convective air conditioning elements, at a predominantly according to the principle of heat radiation working air conditioning element are not necessary.
- an air conditioning system for temperature control of building interiors which comprises at least two air conditioning elements according to the invention, wherein the heat exchange means of the at least two air conditioning elements communicating with each other and are jointly flowed through by a heat transfer medium.
- Fig. 1 shows several elongated air conditioning elements 1, which are each suspended from a building ceiling 110 in a building interior 100 are attached.
- the plate-shaped air-conditioning elements 1 are each spaced from the building ceiling 110 in the interior 100 fixed, which is why they are each in contact with the air space with a top 2 and a first outer surface 2 and with a bottom 4 and a second outer surface 4.
- For suspension 50 of the air conditioning elements 1 are used here, for example steel cables.
- these In the interior of the air-conditioning elements 1, these each have a planar support means 10 with a top 12 and a bottom 14 of the support means 10.
- support means 10 here is a support plate 15 is used made of expanded metal, as for example, in Fig. 2 is illustrated.
- heat exchange devices 20 are here in each case over the surface of the plate-shaped air conditioning element 1 distributed a plurality of distribution pipes 21 arranged parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the air conditioning elements 1.
- the distribution pipes 21 are each connected at their ends to a first narrow side of the air conditioning element 1 with a flow collection pipe 22 or on an opposite, second narrow side of the air conditioning element with a return collection pipe 23.
- Supply manifold 22 and return manifold 23 are here arranged substantially perpendicular to the distribution pipes 21.
- the heat exchange devices 20 are fixedly secured to the support plate 15.
- a heat transfer medium 200 is for example water, which is optionally heated depending on the air conditioning task and used as hot water for building heating or cooled as cold water for building cooling is used.
- a longitudinally continuous air conditioning element 1 is shown, wherein both the left, front and the right air conditioning element 1 is shown in each case partially cut free and thus the mutually parallel distribution pipes 21 in the interior of the air conditioning elements 1 are visible.
- the air-conditioning elements 1 each have a moisture-regulating layer 30 made of a diffusion-open material 35. If condensate forms on the outside of the air-conditioning elements 30 during cooling operation during the day, for example due to high air humidity inside the building 100, this is absorbed by the moisture-regulating layer 30. At a later time, for example, at night, when the humidity is no longer so high, the moisture absorbed by the moisture-regulating layer 30 is released back to the ambient air and the moisture-regulating layer 30 dried, which thus again to absorb excess moisture in the air or of condensate is available.
- an air-conditioning element 1 could be plastered directly in the building ceiling 110 or mounted directly without spacing on this surface resting.
- an air conditioning element 1 could be attached as a wall element to a building wall 120.
- FIG. 2 illustrates in a sectional view a first embodiment of an air conditioning element 1 according to the invention, as shown for example in FIG Fig.1 used.
- a support plate 15 made of expanded metal as a support means 10 to which the heat exchange means 20, so the manifolds 21 and the manifolds 22, 23 are attached.
- the support plate 15 has a height 16.
- the distributor tubes 24 here have a circular diameter 24 or a height 24 and are spaced apart at a distance 26.
- Suspension loops 50 which serve to secure correspondingly secured to the building ceiling mounting parts or chains are also connected to the support plate 15.
- moisture-regulating layers 30 are applied, which respectively form the upper side 2 and the lower side 4 of the air-conditioning element 1.
- the lower humidity-regulating layer 30 has a height 31 and the upper moisture-regulating layer 30 has a height 32.
- Both moisture-regulating layers 30 are connected to each other in the edge region of the air conditioning element 1 and each made of an open-pored pore plaster / Sanierputz 35 of air-rich mortar layers with surfactants as aggregates.
- the permeable material 35 of the moisture-regulating layers 30 is formed in each case from open-pored pore plaster / Sanierputz 35.
- Fig. 3 illustrates in a sectional view a second embodiment of an air conditioning element 1 according to the invention, wherein in addition to the in Fig. 2 illustrated embodiment, a heat insulating layer 80 with a height 81 is attached here at the top of the upper humidity-regulating layer 30.
- the thermal barrier coating 80 here forms the upper outer surface 2 of the air conditioning element.
- Fig. 4 shows in a sectional view from the side of a third embodiment of an air conditioning element 1 according to the invention, in which the heat exchange means 20, so the manifolds 21 and the manifolds 22, 23, are embedded in a fiber reinforcement layer 70 as part of the humidity-regulating layer 30.
- the fiber reinforcement layer 70 has a height 71 and serves for the static stabilization of the air conditioning element 1.
- a carrier means 10 here is a support mat 15 of two layers of mutually offset carrier lamellae.
- the fiber reinforcement layer 70 which is attached to the underside of the support mat 15 and are incorporated in the glass fibers, on the one hand, the adhesion and connection with the lower moisture-regulating Layer 30 of pore plaster / Sanierputz 35 improved and on the other hand prevents sagging of the air conditioning element 1.
- Fig. 5 shows in a sectional view a fourth embodiment of an air conditioning element 1 according to the invention, in which a carrier grid serves as a carrier means 10, on which the heat exchange means 20, so the manifolds 21 and the manifolds 22, 23, are attached.
- a stabilizing plate 60 with a height 61 is provided here above the carrier grid 10.
- the stabilization plate 60 is made of expanded metal and serves to stabilize and stiffen the air conditioning element 1, in which a heat-insulating layer 80 is additionally arranged on the upper side 2.
- Fig. 6 in a sectional view from the side of a fifth embodiment of an air conditioning element 1 according to the invention, in which case compared to the previously described embodiments, the layer height 31 of the lower humidity-regulating layer 30 is further increased and is designed as a particularly highly structured sound absorption layer 90 with a height 91 of the sound absorption layer 90 ,
- Fig. 7 shows in an isometric view in exploded view details of possible combinations of layers that can be used in the context of an air conditioning element 1 according to the invention.
- the layer denoted by arrow "A” shows a plate-shaped carrier means 10 into which distributor tubes 21 of the heat exchanger device 20 are milled.
- a moisture-regulating layer 30 (not shown here) is applied, into which the distribution pipes 21 are at least partially embedded.
- the layer denoted by arrow “B” shows as an alternative or in addition to the layer “A" distribution pipes 21 of the heat exchange device 20, which are embedded in a carrier layer 10 entirely or integrated into this.
- the carrier agent layer 10 shown here comprises a carrier plate which contains a moisture-regulating layer.
- the layer denoted by arrow "C” shows, as an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned layers, a carrier layer 10 with a heat exchange device 20 with capillary tubes 25, which are embedded here at a distance 27 parallel to one another and completely embedded in the carrier layer 10 are.
- the layer indicated by the arrow "D" shows a fiber reinforcement layer 70 having a height 71, which if necessary serves to reinforce the air-conditioning element 1.
- the fiber reinforcement layer 70 can be used as a plaster backing for reinforcement for a pore plaster / restoration plaster 35, which serves as a moisture-regulating layer 30.
- the layers indicated by the arrow “E” show a stabilization plate 60, for example made of plasterboard, and a moisture-regulating layer 30, which is attached to the underside of the stabilization plate 60.
- the layers denoted by arrow "F” show a stabilization plate 60, for example made of plasterboard, a moisture-regulating layer 30 being attached to its underside and a heat-insulating layer 80 to its upper side.
- the layers designated by the arrow "G" show a heat-insulating layer 80, to the underside of which a moisture-regulating layer 30 is fastened.
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- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Klimatisierungselement (1) zur Temperierung eines Gebäudeinnenraums (100), umfassend zumindest ein Trägermittel (10) sowie zumindest eine Wärmetauscheinrichtung (20), welche an zumindest einer Seite (12,14) des Trägermittels (10) angeordnet und welche von einem Wärmeträgermedium (200) durchströmbar ist, wobei zumindest eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht (30) aus einem diffusionsoffenen Material (35) an zumindest einer Seite (12, 14) des Trägermittels (10) aufgebracht ist und die Wärmetauscheinrichtung (20) zumindest abschnittsweise mit der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht (30) in Verbindung steht.The invention relates to an air conditioning element (1) for tempering a building interior (100), comprising at least one support means (10) and at least one heat exchange device (20) arranged on at least one side (12,14) of the support means (10) and which of a heat transfer medium (200) can be flowed through, wherein at least one moisture-regulating layer (30) of a vapor-permeable material (35) is applied to at least one side (12, 14) of the support means (10) and the heat exchange device (20) at least in sections with the moisture-regulating Layer (30) is in communication.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Klimatisierungselement zur Temperierung eines Gebäudeinnenraums, umfassend zumindest ein Trägermittel sowie zumindest eine Wärmetauscheinrichtung, welche an zumindest einer Seite des Trägermittels angeordnet und welche von einem Wärmeträgermedium durchströmbar ist.The invention relates to an air conditioning element for controlling the temperature of a building interior, comprising at least one support means and at least one heat exchange device which is arranged on at least one side of the support means and which can be flowed through by a heat transfer medium.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind eine Vielzahl an Ausführungsformen von Flächenheiz- und/oder -kühlsystemen zur Klimatisierung bzw. Temperierung von Gebäuden bekannt. Beispielsweise sind Flächenelemente aus Gipsfaserplatten bekannt, auf denen Rohrleitungen verlegt sind, die wahlweise je nach Temperierungsaufgabe von einem Heiz- oder einem Kühlmedium durchströmt werden, wobei durch die Verwendung von Wärmeleitblechen aus Metall ein möglichst guter Wärmeübergang zwischen der Rohrleitung und dem Flächenelement erzielt werden soll. Derartige Flächenelemente sind insbesondere für die Montage an Gebäudedecken vorgesehen.From the prior art a variety of embodiments of surface heating and / or cooling systems for air conditioning or temperature control of buildings are known. For example, surface elements made of gypsum fiber boards are known, on which pipelines are laid, which are optionally flowed through depending on Temperierungsaufgabe by a heating or cooling medium, the best possible heat transfer between the pipe and the surface element is to be achieved by the use of Wärmeleitblechen of metal. Such surface elements are intended in particular for mounting on building ceilings.
Weiters sind sogenannte Kühldecken bekannt, die beispielsweise als von einer Gebäudedecke abgehängte Flächenkühlsysteme eingesetzt werden, wobei insbesondere abgehängte Kühldecken meist aus einzelnen Plattenelementen bestehen. Dabei werden Kühlrohre bereits bei der Fertigung der Plattenelemente meist in Gipskartonplatten oder Gipsfaserplatten eingeformt und dabei vollständig von der jeweiligen Gipsplatte umschlossen. Vorteilhaft sind die Kühlrohre somit an den Oberflächen der Plattenelemente nicht mehr sichtbar. Als Kühldecken werden üblicherweise Raumdecken bezeichnet, deren Temperatur unterhalb der jeweiligen Raumlufttemperatur im Gebäudeinneren gebracht werden und auf diesem Temperaturniveau auch über einen bestimmten Zeitraum gehalten werden. Sinngemäß können derartige Kühldecken beispielsweise auch als entsprechende Wandpaneele oder als Fußbodenelemente eingesetzt werden und zusätzlich oder in Ergänzung einer Deckenkühlung auch zur Wand- oder Bodenkühlung dienen.Furthermore, so-called cooling ceilings are known, which are used for example as suspended from a building ceiling surface cooling systems, in particular suspended cooling ceilings usually consist of individual plate elements. In this case, cooling tubes are usually already formed in the production of the plate elements in plasterboard or gypsum fiber boards and thereby completely enclosed by the respective gypsum board. Advantageously, the cooling tubes are thus no longer visible on the surfaces of the plate elements. As cooling ceilings usually ceilings are called, the temperature is brought below the respective indoor air temperature inside the building and kept at this temperature level over a certain period. Analogously, such cooling ceilings can be used, for example, as appropriate wall panels or as floor elements and in addition or in addition to a ceiling cooling also serve for wall or floor cooling.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind außerdem in der Putzschicht integrierte, eingeputzte Kühldecken bekannt, bei denen Flächenkühlsysteme direkt in einer Gebäudedecke oder Gebäudewand befestigt sind, wobei beispielsweise Kapillarrohrmatten oder Kupferrohre in den Decken- oder Wandputz eingelegt und überputzt werden.From the prior art also integrated, plastered cooling ceilings are known in the plaster layer, in which surface cooling systems are mounted directly in a building ceiling or building wall, for example, capillary mats or copper pipes are inserted and plastered in the ceiling or wall plaster.
Weiters wird zwischen Strahlungskühldecken und Konvektionskühldecken unterschieden. Flächenheiz- und/oder -kühlsysteme, bei denen die Wärmeübertragung vorwiegend durch Strahlung erfolgt, haben meist geschlossene Oberflächen. Eingeputzte Kühldecken, die direkt in der Gebäudedecke integriert sind, arbeiten meist nach diesem Prinzip. Hingegen handelt es sich bei Flächenheiz- und/ oder -kühlsystemen, bei denen die Wärmeübertragung vorwiegend durch Konvektion erfolgt, meist um offene Konstruktionen, die von Gebäudedecken abgehängt sind und die üblicherweise auch an eine Gebäudelüftung gekoppelt sind.Furthermore, a distinction is made between radiant cooling ceilings and convection cooling ceilings. Surface heating and / or cooling systems, in which the heat transfer takes place predominantly by radiation, usually have closed surfaces. Plastered cooling ceilings directly are integrated in the building ceiling, usually work on this principle. On the other hand, surface heating and / or cooling systems in which the heat transfer is predominantly by convection are usually open constructions that are suspended from building ceilings and that are usually also coupled to a building ventilation system.
Die Kühlung der vorgenannten Flächenkühlsysteme erfolgt üblicherweise durch einen geschlossenen Kühlmittelkreislauf, in dem gekühltes Wasser als Kühlmittel umgewälzt wird. Die bisher bekannten Flächenkühlsysteme, bei denen die Wärmeübertragung vorwiegend durch Strahlung erfolgt, sind jedoch dadurch eingeschränkt, dass bei niedrigen Vorlauftemperaturen im Kühlbetrieb insbesondere bei hoher Luftfeuchtigkeit Kondensat an den Wandungen der Flächenelemente anfällt, da die Raumluftfeuchte an den kalten Oberflächen der Flächenkühlsysteme kondensiert. Um die unerwünschte Bildung von Kondensat bzw. von Tauwasser zu vermeiden, wird üblicherweise danach getrachtet, die Vorlauftemperatur des Kühlmittels nicht unter 16°C abzusenken. Dies erfolgt üblicherweise durch den Einsatz eines Kondensationsfühlers bzw. Taupunktwächters, von dem der Beginn einer Kondensatbildung bzw. Betauung festgestellt wird und sodann die Vorlauftemperatur entsprechend der detektierten Taupunktstemperatur angehoben wird. Durch den unerwünschten Effekt der Kondensatbildung sind alle bekannten Kühlsysteme in Ihrem Leistungseintrag bzw. in ihrem Wirkungsgrad der Raumkühlung insbesondere bei höheren Raumluftfeuchten sehr eingeschränkt. Weshalb die Kühlleistungen, die mit derartigen Flächenkühlsystemen üblicherweise erzielt werden können, zum Kühlen beispielsweise von stark frequentierten Besprechungs- und Gemeinschaftsräumen insbesondere in der warmen Jahreszeit oftmals unzureichend sind.The cooling of the aforementioned surface cooling systems is usually carried out by a closed coolant circuit in which cooled water is circulated as a coolant. The previously known surface cooling systems in which the heat transfer is predominantly by radiation, however, are limited by the fact that condensate accumulates on the walls of the surface elements at low flow temperatures in cooling mode, especially at high humidity, since the room humidity condenses on the cold surfaces of the surface cooling systems. In order to avoid the undesirable formation of condensate or condensation, it is usually strived to lower the flow temperature of the coolant does not lower than 16 ° C. This is usually done by the use of a condensation sensor or dew point monitor, from which the beginning of condensation or condensation is detected and then the flow temperature is raised according to the detected dew point temperature. Due to the undesirable effect of condensate formation, all known cooling systems are very limited in their power input or in their efficiency of space cooling, especially at higher humidities. Why the cooling capacities that can be achieved with such area cooling systems usually for cooling, for example, busy meeting and common areas, especially in the warm season are often insufficient.
Um den Wirkungsgrad herkömmlicher Kühldecken oder Kühlelemente von Flächenkühlsystemen zu erhöhen, muss die Luft im Gebäudeinneren mit hohem Energie- und Kostenaufwand entfeuchtet werden, um Kondensation zu vermeiden. Insbesondere im Sommer bzw. zu Spitzenlastzeiten sind dazu entsprechend aufwendige Gebäudelüftungseinrichtungen erforderlich, um die gesamte Zuluft, die in ein Gebäude eingeblasen wird, zuvor bereits entsprechend zu entfeuchten. Ebenso sind die vorhin genannten offenen Flächenheiz- und/oder -kühlsysteme, bei denen die Wärmeübertragung vorwiegend durch Konvektion erfolgt, sowohl in der Errichtung als auch im Betrieb aufwendig, da meist jedes einzelne Flächenelement neben den Anschlüssen an die entsprechenden Wärmeträgermittelleitungen zusätzlich auch noch an Zuluftleitungen der Gebäudelüftung gekoppelt sein muss.In order to increase the efficiency of conventional cooling ceilings or cooling elements of surface cooling systems, the air inside the building must be dehumidified at high energy and cost to avoid condensation. In particular, in summer or at peak load correspondingly complex building ventilation devices are required to dehumidify the entire supply air, which is blown into a building before. Likewise, the above-mentioned open Flächenheiz- and / or cooling systems in which the heat transfer is mainly by convection, both in the construction and in operation consuming, since usually every single surface element in addition to the connections to the corresponding heat transfer ducts in addition to supply air the building ventilation must be coupled.
Weiters sind die derzeit bekannten Flächenkühlsysteme dadurch eingeschränkt, dass diese nicht gemeinsam mit Kondensat unempfindlichen Systemen wie beispielsweise mit üblichen Gebläsekonvektoren (englisch: Fan-Coils) kombiniert und mittels einer gemeinsamen Versorgung auch gemeinsam mit diesen betrieben werden können, da sich sonst bei den Flächenkühlsystemen aufgrund der erforderlichen tiefen Vorlauftemperaturen für den Betrieb der Gebläsekonvektoren ebenfalls unerwünschtes Kondensat bildet. Gebläsekonvektoren werden üblicherweise bei einem Temperaturniveau zwischen 10° und 14°C betrieben, um Gebäudeinnenräume ausreichend entfeuchten zu können. Um dieses Temperaturniveau zu erreichen sind zur Versorgung solcher Gebläsekonvektoren Vorlauftemperaturen beispielsweise von 6° bis 7°C sowie Rücklauftemperaturen beispielsweise von 12° bis 13°C einzustellen.Furthermore, the currently known surface cooling systems are limited in that they do not work together with condensate-resistant systems such as with conventional Fan convectors (English: fan coils) combined and can be operated together with these by means of a common supply, otherwise formed in the surface cooling systems due to the required low flow temperatures for the operation of the fan coil also undesirable condensate. Fan coil units are usually operated at a temperature level between 10 ° and 14 ° C in order to sufficiently dehumidify building interiors. In order to achieve this temperature level, supply temperatures of, for example, 6 ° to 7 ° C. and return temperatures of, for example, 12 ° to 13 ° C. are to be set for supplying such fan coil units.
Mit abgehängten Deckensystemen aus besonders wärmeleitfähigen Materialien wie beispielsweise aus Graphit lassen sich zwar auch mit wasserführender Flächentemperierung höhere Kühlleistungen von über 100 W/m2 erzielen, allerdings haben diese Flächenheiz- und/oder -kühlsysteme zumindest den Nachteil, dass sie in der Anschaffung teuer sind.With suspended ceiling systems of particularly thermally conductive materials such as graphite can be achieved with water-bearing surface temperature higher cooling capacities of over 100 W / m 2 , however, these Flächenheiz- and / or cooling systems have at least the disadvantage that they are expensive to purchase ,
Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, für Flächenheiz- bzw. -kühlsysteme der eingangs genannten Art die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile zu vermeiden, und dazu ein Flächenelement zur Klimatisierung bzw. Temperierung von Gebäuden bereitzustellen, welches sowohl in seiner Herstellung als auch im laufenden Betrieb günstig ist und welches auch bei tiefen Temperaturen des Kühlmittels, beispielsweise bei einer Vorlauftemperatur des Kühlmittels von 6°C und einer Rücklauftemperatur von 12°C betrieben werden kann, ohne dass sich im Kühlbetrieb Kondensat an den Oberflächen des Flächenelementes bildet.The present invention therefore has as its object to avoid for Flächenheiz- or cooling systems of the type mentioned in the known from the prior art disadvantages, and to provide a surface element for air conditioning or temperature control of buildings, which both in its production as is also favorable during operation and which can be operated even at low temperatures of the coolant, for example at a flow temperature of the coolant of 6 ° C and a return temperature of 12 ° C, without forming condensate on the surfaces of the surface element in the cooling mode.
Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Klimatisierungselement gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 mit den Merkmalen des kennzeichnenden Teiles des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche betreffen besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved with an air conditioning element according to the preamble of
Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselement zur Temperierung eines Gebäudeinnenraums, umfassend zumindest ein Trägermittel sowie zumindest eine Wärmetauscheinrichtung, welche an zumindest einer Seite des Trägermittels angeordnet und welche von einem Wärmeträgermedium durchströmbar ist, ist zumindest eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht aus einem diffusionsoffenen Material an zumindest einer Seite des Trägermittels aufgebracht, wobei die Wärmetauscheinrichtung zumindest abschnittsweise mit der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht in Verbindung steht.In an air-conditioning element according to the invention for controlling the temperature of a building interior, comprising at least one support means and at least one heat exchange device, which is arranged on at least one side of the support means and which can be flowed through by a heat transfer medium, at least one moisture-regulating layer of a vapor-permeable material is applied to at least one side of the support means wherein the heat exchange device is at least partially in communication with the moisture-regulating layer.
Vorteilhaft ist bei dem Klimatisierungselement zumindest eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht aus einem diffusionsoffenen und hygrisch aktiven Material hergestellt, welches diffusionsoffene Material eine vergrößerte Verdunstungsoberfläche bereitstellt und daher ein anfallendes Kondensat aufnehmen kann, ohne dass an der Oberfläche des Klimatisierungselements sichtbares Kondensat auftritt. Die Raumluft dringt durch das diffusionsoffene Material hindurch bis zum Wärmetauschelement, das im Kühlbetrieb eine Temperatur unter dem örtlichen Taupunkt haben kann. Die Raumluft kondensiert dabei am Wärmetauschelement aus und das Kondensat sammelt sich in den Poren des diffusionsoffenen Materials. Nach Beendigung des täglichen Kühlbetriebs wird keine Wärmeenergie mehr vom Wärmetauschelement des Klimatisierungselements abgeführt. Dadurch wird das Klimatisierungselement samt der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht erwärmt und es beginnt eine Diffusionsumkehr, während der das gesammelte Kondensat aus den Poren abgetrocknet wird. Als diffusionsoffenes Material werden vorzugsweise Zement-Verbindungen eingesetzt. Die Vergrößerung der Verdunstungsfläche erfolgt dabei durch ein Mikroporensystem, welches mit einem Feinstkapillarnetz verbunden ist. Die anfallende Feuchtigkeit im Kühlbetrieb des Klimatisierungselements, also kapillare Feuchtigkeit, hygroskopische Feuchte sowie Kondensation, wird durch die vergrößerte Verdunstungsoberfläche der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht von dieser mit hoher Geschwindigkeit abgeführt, wobei vorteilhaft das Klimatisierungselement selbst oberflächlich trocken bleibt.At least one moisture-regulating layer made of a vapor-permeable and hygrically active material is advantageously produced in the air-conditioning element vapor-permeable material provides an increased evaporation surface and can therefore absorb any accumulating condensate, without visible on the surface of the air conditioning element condensate occurs. The room air penetrates through the vapor-permeable material to the heat exchange element, which may have a temperature below the local dew point during cooling operation. The room air condenses on the heat exchange element and the condensate collects in the pores of the vapor-permeable material. After completion of the daily cooling operation, no heat energy is removed from the heat exchange element of the air conditioning element. As a result, the air-conditioning element together with the moisture-regulating layer is heated and a diffusion reversal begins, during which the collected condensate is dried out of the pores. Cement compounds are preferably used as the diffusion-open material. The enlargement of the evaporation surface is carried out by a micro pore system, which is connected to a Feinstkapillarnetz. The resulting moisture in the cooling operation of the air conditioning element, ie capillary moisture, hygroscopic moisture and condensation is dissipated by the increased evaporation surface of the moisture-regulating layer of this at high speed, advantageously the air conditioning element itself remains superficially dry.
Aufgrund des diffusionsoffenen Materials der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht kann überschüssiges Kondensat, welches beispielsweise tagsüber bzw. in Intervallen mit hoher Luftfeuchte im Gebäudeinneren schadensfrei in der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht im Klimatisierungselement gespeichert wird, beispielsweise während der Nachtstunden bzw. in Zeiten mit geringerer Luftfeuchte wieder abtrocknen. Dieser Verdunstungsprozess während des Abtrocknens der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht führt dem zu kühlenden Raum im Sinne einer adiabaten Kühlung vorteilhaft weitere Kühlenergie zu. Dadurch wird die zuvor aufgewendete Energie der Kondensation dem Raum wieder als Kühlenergie zugeführt.Due to the moisture-permeable material of the moisture-regulating layer, excess condensate, which is stored without damage in the interior of the building during the day or at intervals with high humidity in the moisture-regulating layer in the air conditioning element, for example, during the night hours or in times of lower humidity again dry. This evaporation process during the drying of the moisture-regulating layer advantageously leads to cooling energy in the space to be cooled in the sense of adiabatic cooling. As a result, the previously used energy of the condensation is returned to the room as cooling energy.
Je nach Anwendungsfall können Klimatisierungselemente als abgehängte Plattenelemente ausgeführt sein, die mittels entsprechender Aufhängungen als Deckensegel an einer Gebäudedecke hängend befestigt sind, wobei vorteilhaft jeweils eine Oberseite sowie eine Unterseite der Klimatisierungselemente als Wärmetauschflächen zur Verfügung stehen. Ebenso können im Rahmen der Erfindung Klimatisierungselemente in eine Gebäudewand oder eine Gebäudedecke integriert bzw. eingeputzt sein, wobei in diesem Fall nur eine Außenfläche, insbesondere die Unterseite des Klimatisierungselements, als Wärmetauschfläche mit dem Gebäudeinneren in Kontakt steht.Depending on the application, air conditioning elements can be designed as suspended panel elements, which are attached by means of appropriate suspensions as ceiling panels hanging on a building ceiling, wherein advantageously each have a top and bottom of the air conditioning elements are available as heat exchange surfaces. Likewise, in the context of the invention, air-conditioning elements can be integrated or plastered into a building wall or a building ceiling, in which case only an outer surface, in particular the underside of the air-conditioning element, being in contact with the building interior as a heat exchange surface.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es weiters möglich, in einem Klimatisierungselement unterschiedlichste Trägermittel einzusetzen. Beispielsweise können eine oder mehrere flächige Trägerplatten oder Trägermatten ebenso wie ein Trägergitter, Geflecht, Gewebe und/oder Vlies als Trägermittel dienen. Je nach Ausführung und Gestalt der zumindest einen Wärmetauscheinrichtung dient ein Trägermittel dazu, die Anordnung beispielsweise von Wärmetauschrohren der Wärmetauscheinrichtung zueinander festzulegen und ein Trägermaterial für die Feuchteregulierende Schicht zu bilden.In the context of the invention it is further possible to use a wide variety of carriers in an air conditioning element. For example, one or more flat carrier plates or carrier mats, as well as a carrier grid, braid, woven fabric and / or nonwoven, can serve as carrier means. Depending on the design and shape of the at least one heat exchange device, a carrier means serves to fix the arrangement of heat exchanger tubes of the heat exchange device to one another, for example, and to form a carrier material for the moisture regulating layer.
Die Wärmetauscheinrichtung steht dabei zumindest abschnittsweise mit der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht in Verbindung oder ist in diese zumindest abschnittsweise eingebettet. Somit wird insbesondere während des Betriebs des Klimatisierungselements zur Gebäudekühlung, wenn sich also bevorzugt Kondensat an der Wärmetauscheinrichtung bildet, dieses sogleich von der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht absorbiert.The heat exchange device is at least partially in communication with the moisture-regulating layer or is at least partially embedded in this. Thus, in particular during operation of the air-conditioning element for cooling the building, that is to say when condensate preferably forms on the heat exchange device, it is immediately absorbed by the moisture-regulating layer.
Vorteilhaft bildet bei einem Klimatisierungselement gemäß der Erfindung die zumindest eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht eine Außenfläche des Klimatisierungselements. Somit kann von der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht an der Außenfläche des Klimatisierungselements besonders rasch eine Überschussfeuchte aus der Raumluft aufgenommen bzw. eine Kondensatbildung zuverlässig vermieden werden. Die Feuchteregulierende Schicht an der Außenfläche des Klimatisierungselements bietet aufgrund der diffusionsoffenen großen Oberfläche vorteilhaft auch eine schallabsorbierende Wirkung. Diese schallabsorbierende Wirkung kann durch eine entsprechende geometrische Gestaltung der Oberfläche noch erhöht werden.Advantageously, in an air-conditioning element according to the invention, the at least one moisture-regulating layer forms an outer surface of the air-conditioning element. Thus, it is possible for the moisture regulating layer on the outer surface of the air conditioning element to absorb an excess moisture from the room air in a particularly rapid manner or reliably prevent condensation. The moisture-regulating layer on the outer surface of the air-conditioning element advantageously also offers a sound-absorbing effect due to the large surface which is permeable to vapor. This sound-absorbing effect can be further increased by a corresponding geometric design of the surface.
Zweckmäßig ist bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselement die zumindest eine Wärmetauscheinrichtung an zumindest einem Trägermittel befestigt. In dieser Ausführung dient das Trägermittel zur Befestigung und Stabilisierung der Verteilerrohre und/oder Kapillarrohre der Wärmetauscheinrichtung. Beispielsweise können Trägerplatten, Trägermatten ebenso wie ein Trägergitter, Geflecht, Gewebe und/oder Vlies als Trägermittel dienen. Vorteilhaft ist der Einsatz eines metallischen Trägermaterials beispielsweise aus Aluminium, da es zusätzlich als Wärme- bzw. als Kälteleiter fungiert und damit die Wärme- bzw. Kälteverteilung an der Oberfläche des Klimatisierungselements begünstigt.Suitably, in an air conditioning element according to the invention, the at least one heat exchange device is attached to at least one carrier means. In this embodiment, the support means for fixing and stabilizing the distribution pipes and / or capillary tubes of the heat exchange device is used. For example, carrier plates, carrier mats as well as a carrier grid, braid, fabric and / or nonwoven can serve as carrier means. The use of a metallic carrier material, for example made of aluminum, is advantageous since it additionally acts as a heat conductor or as a cold conductor and thus favors the heat or cold distribution on the surface of the air-conditioning element.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist bei einem Klimatisierungselement die zumindest eine Wärmetauscheinrichtung in zumindest einem Trägermittel integriert. In dieser Ausführung wird eine besonders kompakte Trägerstruktur bereitgestellt, wobei Verteilerrohre und/oder Kapillarrohre der Wärmetauscheinrichtung beispielsweise in Trägerplatten, Trägermatten oder Trägergitter des Trägermittels integriert sind. Abstände zwischen den Rohren der Wärmetauscheinrichtung werden vom Trägermittel verbunden bzw. durch dieses stabilisiert.In one development of the invention, in an air conditioning element, the at least one heat exchange device is integrated in at least one carrier. In this embodiment, a particularly compact support structure is provided, wherein distribution pipes and / or capillary tubes of the heat exchange device are integrated, for example, in support plates, support mats or carrier grid of the support means. distances between the tubes of the heat exchange device are connected by the carrier or stabilized by this.
Zweckmäßig umfasst bei einem Klimatisierungselement die zumindest eine Wärmetauscheinrichtung Verteilerrohre und/oder Kapillarrohre, welche vorzugsweise an zumindest ein Vorlaufsammelrohr sowie zumindest ein Rücklaufsammelrohr angeschlossen sind. Je nach Anforderung an das Klimatisierungselement können Wärmetauscheinrichtung mit Verteilerrohren bzw. mit Kapillarrohren mit beliebigen Querschnittsgeometrien eingesetzt werden. So ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, beispielsweise Verteilerrohre mit kreisförmigem und/oder mit ovalem Querschnitt einzusetzen. Ebenso ist es denkbar, Verteilerrohre und/oder Kapillarrohre einzusetzen, die an ihren Außenseiten beispielsweise gerillte oder strukturierte Oberflächen aufweisen. Dadurch werden sowohl der Wärmeübergang als auch die Befestigung der Wärmetauscheinrichtungen zum umgebenden Material verbessert. Die Rohre können beispielsweise aus Kunststoff oder aus einem wärmeleitenden Metall, beispielsweise aus Kupfer oder aus Legierungen enthaltend Kupfer hergestellt sein. Vorlaufsammelrohre bzw. Rücklaufsammelrohre, die mehrere Verteilerrohre oder Kapillarrohre miteinander verbinden, bieten bekanntermaßen den Vorteil, dass die Anzahl der erforderlichen Anschlüsse für das Wärmeträgermedium verringert werden können. So ist es beispielsweise einfach möglich, die Vorlaufsammelrohre bzw. Rücklaufsammelrohre mehrerer Klimatisierungselemente seriell oder parallel miteinander zu verbinden.In an air conditioning element, the at least one heat exchange device expediently comprises distributor tubes and / or capillary tubes, which are preferably connected to at least one flow collector tube and at least one return collector tube. Depending on the requirements of the air conditioning element heat exchange device can be used with distribution pipes or with capillary tubes with any cross-sectional geometries. Thus, it is possible within the scope of the invention, for example, to use distribution pipes with a circular and / or oval cross-section. Likewise, it is conceivable to use distribution pipes and / or capillary tubes which, for example, have grooved or structured surfaces on their outsides. As a result, both the heat transfer and the attachment of the heat exchange means are improved to the surrounding material. The tubes can be made, for example, of plastic or of a thermally conductive metal, for example of copper or of alloys containing copper. Advance collection pipes or return collection pipes, which connect a plurality of distribution pipes or capillary tubes with one another, are known to offer the advantage that the number of connections required for the heat transfer medium can be reduced. For example, it is easily possible to connect the flow collection tubes or return collection tubes of several air conditioning elements in series or in parallel.
In weiteren bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung ist bzw. sind bei einem Klimatisierungselement die Verteilerrohre und/oder die Kapillarrohre und/oder zumindest ein Vorlaufsammelrohr und/oder zumindest ein Rücklaufsammelrohr zumindest abschnittsweise in der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht eingebettet. Vorteilhaft wird in dieser Ausführung eine mögliche Kondensatbildung an den Rohren der Wärmetauscheinrichtung zuverlässig verhindert, da diese zumindest abschnittsweise in der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht eingebettet sind und Kondensat von dieser rasch absorbiert wird.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the distribution pipes and / or the capillary tubes and / or at least one flow collection tube and / or at least one return collection tube are or are at least partially embedded in the moisture-regulating layer in an air-conditioning element. Advantageously, in this embodiment, a possible formation of condensation on the tubes of the heat exchange device reliably prevented because they are at least partially embedded in the moisture-regulating layer and condensate is rapidly absorbed by this.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung weist bei einem Klimatisierungselement die zumindest eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht aus einem diffusionsoffenen Material einen Luftporengehalt von zumindest 35% sowie eine wasserdampfdiffusionsäquivalente Luftschichtdicke von höchstens 0,5 m auf. Als einzuhaltende Grenzwerte der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht werden die vorgenannten physikalischen Eigenschaften definiert. Die Wasserdampf-Diffusionsstromdichte des Materials der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht fällt in Anlehnung an die DIN EN 1062-1 Tabelle 4 dabei in die Klasse V1.In an advantageous development of the invention, in an air-conditioning element, the at least one moisture-regulating layer made of a vapor-permeable material has an air-pore content of at least 35% and a water-vapor-diffusion-equivalent air layer thickness of at most 0.5 m. The limit values of the moisture-regulating layer to be observed are defined as the abovementioned physical properties. The water vapor diffusion current density of the material of the moisture-regulating layer falls into the class V1 on the basis of DIN EN 1062-1 Table 4.
Zweckmäßig ist bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselement die Feuchteregulierende Schicht aus einem Porenputz/Sanierputz aus luftreichen Mörtelschichten enthaltend Zuschlagstoffe hergestellt. Vorteilhaft ist ein Porenputz/Sanierputz, der als diffusionsoffene Materialschicht eingesetzt wird, einfärbbar bzw. strukturierbar, weshalb in dieser Variante die Feuchteregulierende Schicht besonders flexibel in unterschiedlichen Farben und/oder Strukturen ausgeführt sein kann. Ein diffusionsoffener Porenputz/Sanierputz ermöglicht damit nicht nur große Oberfläche für die Aufnahme bzw. Verdunstung von Kondensat und überschüssiger Feuchte, sondern bietet zusätzlich auch eine schallabsorbierende Wirkung. Unter der Bezeichnung Porenputz/Sanierputz werden im Rahmen der Erfindung am Markt erhältliche Spezialputze verstanden, die aufgrund ihrer diffusionsoffenen Porenstruktur Überschussfeuchte aus der Luft bzw. Kondensat aufnehmen und die gesammelte Feuchtigkeit bei Diffusionsumkehr auch wieder nach außen leiten und damit entfeuchtend wirken. "Sanierputze" werden von zahlreichen Herstellern von Mauerputzen hergestellt. "Sanierputze nach WTA" sind von der WTA (Wissenschaftlich-Technische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Bauwerkserhaltung und Denkmalpflege e. V. mit Sitz in Deutschland) zertifiziert. Unter der Bezeichnung "Porenputze" sind beispielsweise die Produkte Diffupor®, Poroment® sowie Hydroment® am Markt erhältlich.Appropriately, in a climate control element according to the invention, the moisture-regulating layer made of a pore plaster / Sanierputz from air-rich mortar layers containing additives. Advantageously, a pore plaster / Sanierputz which is used as a diffusion-open material layer, dyeable or structurable, which is why in this variant, the moisture-regulating layer can be made very flexible in different colors and / or structures. A vapor-permeable pore plaster / restoration plaster thus not only allows a large surface area for the absorption or evaporation of condensate and excess moisture, but also offers a sound-absorbing effect. In the context of the invention, the term pore plaster / restoration plaster refers to special plasters available on the market which, because of their vapor-permeable pore structure, absorb excess moisture from the air or condensate and also guide the collected moisture back to the outside during diffusion reversal and thus have a dehumidifying effect. "Renovation plasters" are produced by numerous manufacturers of wall plasters. "Refurbishment plasters according to WTA" are certified by the WTA (Scientific-Technical Association for the Preservation of Buildings and Historic Preservation eV with its registered office in Germany). The term "pore plasters" products Diffupor ®, ® and Poroment Hydroment ® for example, are available on the market.
Bevorzugt enthält bei einem Klimatisierungselement der Porenputz/Sanierputz Tenside als Zuschlagstoff, wobei von 100 g bis 1000 g Tenside je 100 l Mörtel, vorzugsweise von 300 g bis 500 g Tenside je 100 l Mörtel, dem Porenputz/Sanierputz zugesetzt sind. Die Rezeptur der zugesetzten Tenside spielt eine große Rolle bei der Bildung der Luftporen beim Herstellen von Luftporenbeton mit dem Porenputz/Sanierputz. Der Tensidanteil im Mörtel beeinflusst auch die feuchteregulierende Wirkung des Luftporenbetons.Preferably, in an air conditioning element of the pore plaster / Sanierputz surfactants as an aggregate, wherein from 100 g to 1000 g of surfactants per 100 l of mortar, preferably from 300 g to 500 g of surfactants per 100 l of mortar, the pore / Sanierputz are added. The formulation of the added surfactants plays a major role in the formation of the air pores in the production of air-entrained concrete with the pore plaster / Sanierputz. The proportion of surfactant in the mortar also influences the moisture-regulating effect of the air-entrained concrete.
In einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung umfasst bei einem Klimatisierungselement das zumindest eine Trägermittel eine flächige Trägerplatte, welche Trägerplatte vorzugsweise aus einem Streckmetall hergestellt ist. Vorteilhaft kann im Rahmen der Erfindung beispielsweise eine Gipskartonplatte als Trägerplatte eingesetzt werden kann, wobei Rohre der Wärmetauscheinrichtung in dem flächigen Trägermittel integriert sind. Abstände zwischen den Rohren werden von der Trägerplatte verbunden bzw. durch diese stabilisiert. In einer bevorzugten Ausführung wird als Trägermittel eine Trägerplatte aus Streckmetall eingesetzt, da diese eine besonders hohe Steifigkeit aufweist und ein unerwünschtes Durchhängen der Klimatisierungselemente damit zuverlässig verhindert wird.In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in an air conditioning element, the at least one support means comprises a flat support plate, which support plate is preferably made of an expanded metal. Advantageously, in the context of the invention, for example, a plasterboard can be used as a support plate, wherein tubes of the heat exchange device are integrated in the planar support means. Distances between the tubes are connected or stabilized by the carrier plate. In a preferred embodiment, a carrier plate made of expanded metal is used as the carrier means, since this has a particularly high rigidity and thus undesired sagging of the air conditioning elements is reliably prevented.
In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist bei einem Klimatisierungselement, welches weiterhin zumindest eine Stabilisierungsplatte umfasst, die Stabilisierungsplatte vorzugsweise an einer Oberseite des Klimatisierungselements befestigt. Erforderlichenfalls wird zur statischen Stabilisierung des Klimatisierungselements, wie z.B. gegen Durchhängen, zusätzlich eine Stabilisierungsplatte am Klimatisierungselement befestigt. Die Befestigung der Stabilisierungsplatte am Klimatisierungselement erfolgt dabei beispielsweise durch Kleben oder eine entsprechende stoffschlüssige Verbindung oder durch eine mechanische Verbindung. Die Stabilisierungsplatte ist dabei vorzugsweise auf der oberen Seite des Plattenelementes angeordnet. Um im Kühlbetrieb des Klimatisierungselements eine unerwünschte Kondensatbildung an der Stabilisierungsplatte zu vermeiden, ist diese beispielsweise perforiert oder gelocht ausgeführt. Allfällig sich an der Stabilisierungsplatte bildendes Kondensat kann durch die Perforierungsöffnungen oder Lochungen hindurch in die Feuchteregulierende Schicht gelangen und dort gesammelt werden.In a development of the invention, in the case of an air-conditioning element, which furthermore comprises at least one stabilizing plate, the stabilizing plate is preferably fastened to an upper side of the air-conditioning element. If necessary, for static stabilization of the air conditioning element, e.g. against sagging, additionally attached a stabilizing plate on the air conditioning element. The attachment of the stabilization plate on the air conditioning element takes place for example by gluing or a corresponding cohesive connection or by a mechanical connection. The stabilization plate is preferably arranged on the upper side of the plate element. In order to avoid undesired formation of condensation on the stabilizing plate in the cooling operation of the air conditioning element, this is designed, for example, perforated or perforated. Any condensate forming on the stabilization plate can pass through the perforation openings or perforations into the moisture-regulating layer and be collected there.
Besonders zweckmäßig umfasst ein Klimatisierungselement weiterhin zumindest eine Faserverstärkungsschicht, wobei die Faserverstärkungsschicht zumindest abschnittsweise in der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht eingebettet ist und die Faserverstärkungsschicht vorzugsweise Glasfasern enthält. Die Faserverstärkungsschicht dient dabei zur statischen Stabilisierung des Klimatisierungselementes, wie z.B. gegen Durchhängen. Vorzugsweise sind Zuschlagsstoffe wie Faserstoffe, vorzugsweise Glasfasern oder faserige Haltestoffe, der Faserverstärkungsschicht beigemengt.Particularly suitably, an air conditioning element further comprises at least one fiber reinforcement layer, wherein the fiber reinforcement layer is at least partially embedded in the moisture-regulating layer and the fiber reinforcement layer preferably contains glass fibers. The fiber reinforcement layer serves for the static stabilization of the air conditioning element, such as e.g. against sagging. Preferably, additives such as fibers, preferably glass fibers or fibrous holding materials, are added to the fiber reinforcement layer.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist bei einem Klimatisierungselement gemäß der Erfindung, welches weiterhin zumindest eine Wärmedämmschicht umfasst, die Wärmedämmschicht an einer Oberseite des Klimatisierungselements befestigt und bildet vorzugsweise eine Außenfläche des Klimatisierungselements. Die Wärmedämmschicht dient dabei zur thermischen Optimierung des Klimatisierungselements. Um den Wärmefluss in einem Gebäudeinnenraum zu erhöhen, ist eine Dämmplatte auf der oberen Seite des Klimatisierungselements angeordnet. Zweckmäßig wird diese Dämmplatte beispielsweise am Klimatisierungselement angeklebt oder mechanisch mit diesem verbunden. Wird das Klimatisierungselement in einer Betondecke mit eingegossen so dient die Wärmedämmschicht im Kühlbetrieb als Isolierung zur Betondecke hin, um eine raschere Abkühlung des Gebäudeinneren zu erreichen.In an air conditioning element according to the invention, which further comprises at least one heat-insulating layer, it is particularly advantageous if the heat-insulating layer is fastened to an upper side of the air-conditioning element and preferably forms an outer surface of the air-conditioning element. The thermal barrier coating serves for thermal optimization of the air conditioning element. In order to increase the heat flow in a building interior, an insulation board is arranged on the upper side of the air conditioning element. Suitably, this insulation board is glued, for example, the air conditioning element or mechanically connected thereto. If the air-conditioning element is cast in a concrete ceiling, the thermal barrier coating serves as insulation for the concrete ceiling in cooling operation in order to achieve a more rapid cooling of the building interior.
Vorteilhaft erfolgt bei einem Klimatisierungselement gemäß der Erfindung die Wärmeübertragung vom Klimatisierungselement an den umgebenden Gebäudeinnenraum vorwiegend durch Strahlungswärme. Dies ist insbesondere aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen vorteilhaft, da zusätzliche Lüftungseinrichtungen bzw. -anschlüsse, die sonst üblicherweise zum Betrieb von konvektiven Klimatisierungselementen erforderlich sind, bei einem vorwiegend nach dem Prinzip der Wärmestrahlung arbeitenden Klimatisierungselement nicht notwendig sind.Advantageously, in an air conditioning element according to the invention, the heat transfer from the air conditioning element to the surrounding building interior mainly by radiant heat. This is particularly advantageous for economic reasons, since additional ventilation equipment or connections, which are otherwise usually required for the operation of convective air conditioning elements, at a predominantly according to the principle of heat radiation working air conditioning element are not necessary.
Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann auch ein Klimatisierungssystem zur Temperierung von Gebäudeinnenräumen angegeben werden, welches zumindest zwei erfindungsgemäße Klimatisierungselemente umfasst, wobei die Wärmetauscheinrichtungen der zumindest zwei Klimatisierungselemente kommunizierend miteinander verbunden und von einem Wärmeträgermedium gemeinsam durchströmbar sind.In the context of the invention, an air conditioning system for temperature control of building interiors can be specified, which comprises at least two air conditioning elements according to the invention, wherein the heat exchange means of the at least two air conditioning elements communicating with each other and are jointly flowed through by a heat transfer medium.
Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Erläuterung von in den Zeichnungen schematisch dargestellten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispielen. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 in einer isometrischen Ansicht von vorne einen Gebäudeinnenraum mit mehreren Klimatisierungselementen; -
Fig. 2 in einer Schnittansicht von der Seite eine erste Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselements; -
Fig. 3 in einer Schnittansicht von der Seite eine zweite Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselements; -
Fig. 4 in einer Schnittansicht von der Seite eine dritte Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselements; -
Fig. 5 in einer Schnittansicht von der Seite eine vierte Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselements; -
Fig. 6 in einer Schnittansicht von der Seite eine fünfte Ausführung eines erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselements; -
Fig. 7 in einer isometrischen Ansicht in Explosionsdarstellung Details möglicher Kombinationen an Schichten eines erfindungsgemäßen Klimatisierungselements.
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Fig. 1 in an isometric view from the front a building interior with several air conditioning elements; -
Fig. 2 in a sectional view from the side of a first embodiment of an air conditioning element according to the invention; -
Fig. 3 in a sectional view from the side of a second embodiment of an air conditioning element according to the invention; -
Fig. 4 in a sectional view from the side of a third embodiment of an air conditioning element according to the invention; -
Fig. 5 in a sectional view from the side of a fourth embodiment of an air conditioning element according to the invention; -
Fig. 6 in a sectional view from the side of a fifth embodiment of an air conditioning element according to the invention; -
Fig. 7 in an exploded isometric view of details of possible combinations of layers of an air conditioning element according to the invention.
Im linken Bildteil von
An ihren Unterseiten 4 weisen die Klimatisierungselemente 1 jeweils eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht 30 aus einem diffusionsoffenen Material 35 auf. Sollte sich im Kühlbetrieb beispielsweise tagsüber aufgrund von hoher Luftfeuchte im Gebäudeinneren 100 außenseitig an den Klimatisierungselementen 30 Kondensat bilden, so wird dieses von der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht 30 aufgenommen. Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt, beispielsweise nachts, wenn die Luftfeuchte nicht mehr so hoch ist, wird die von der Feuchteregulierenden Schicht 30 absorbierte Feuchte wieder an die Umgebungsluft abgegeben und die Feuchteregulierende Schicht 30 abgetrocknet, die somit erneut zur Aufnahme von Überschussfeuchte in der Luft bzw. von Kondensat zur Verfügung steht.On their
Ebenso könnte ein Klimatisierungselement 1 direkt in der Gebäudedecke 110 eingeputzt oder ohne Abstand direkt auf dieser flächig aufliegend montiert sein. Ebenso könnte ein Klimatisierungselement 1 als Wandelement an einer Gebäudewand 120 befestigt sein.Likewise, an air-
Die mit Pfeil "B" bezeichnete Schicht zeigt alternativ oder in Ergänzung zur Schicht "A" Verteilerrohre 21 der Wärmetauscheinrichtung 20, die in einer Trägermittelschicht 10 zur Gänze eingebettet bzw. in diese integriert sind. Die hier gezeigte Trägermittelschicht 10 umfasst eine Trägerplatte, die eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht enthält.The layer denoted by arrow "B" shows as an alternative or in addition to the layer "A"
Die mit Pfeil "C" bezeichnete Schicht zeigt alternativ oder in Ergänzung zu den zuvor genannten Schichten eine Trägermittelschicht 10 mit einer Wärmetauscheinrichtung 20 mit Kapillarrohren 25, die hier in einem Abstand 27 parallel zueinander angeordnet in der Trägermittelschicht 10 zur Gänze eingebettet bzw. in diese integriert sind.The layer denoted by arrow "C" shows, as an alternative or in addition to the aforementioned layers, a
Die mit Pfeil "D" bezeichnete Schicht zeigt eine Faserverstärkungsschicht 70 mit einer Höhe 71, die erforderlichenfalls zur Verstärkung des Klimatisierungselements 1 dient. Ebenso kann die Faserverstärkungsschicht 70 als Putzträger zur Verstärkung für einen Porenputz/Sanierputz 35, der als Feuchteregulierende Schicht 30 dient, verwendet werden.The layer indicated by the arrow "D" shows a fiber reinforcement layer 70 having a height 71, which if necessary serves to reinforce the air-
Die mit Pfeil "E" bezeichneten Schichten zeigen eine Stabilisierungsplatte 60 beispielsweise aus Gipskarton sowie eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht 30, die an der Unterseite der Stabilisierungsplatte 60 angebracht ist.The layers indicated by the arrow "E" show a
Die mit Pfeil "F" bezeichneten Schichten zeigen eine Stabilisierungsplatte 60 beispielsweise aus Gipskarton, wobei an deren Unterseite eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht 30 sowie an deren Oberseite eine Wärmedämmschicht 80 befestigt sind.The layers denoted by arrow "F" show a
Die mit Pfeil "G" bezeichneten Schichten zeigen eine Wärmedämmschicht 80, an deren Unterseite eine Feuchteregulierende Schicht 30 befestigt ist.The layers designated by the arrow "G" show a heat-insulating
- 11
- KlimatisierungselementCooling element
- 22
- Oberseite bzw. erste Außenfläche des KlimatisierungselementsTop or first outer surface of the air conditioning element
- 44
- Unterseite bzw. zweite Außenfläche des KlimatisierungselementsBottom and second outer surface of the air conditioning element
- 1010
- Trägermittelcarrier
- 1212
- Oberseite des TrägermittelsTop of the vehicle
- 1414
- Unterseite des TrägermittelsBottom of the carrier
- 1515
- Trägerplattesupport plate
- 1616
- Höhe der TrägerplatteHeight of the support plate
- 2020
- WärmetauscheinrichtungHeat exchange device
- 2121
- Verteilerrohrmanifold
- 2222
- VorlaufsammelrohrFlow manifold
- 2323
- RücklaufsammelrohrReturn manifold
- 2424
- Höhe bzw. Durchmesser des VerteilerrohrsHeight or diameter of the manifold
- 2525
- Kapillarrohrcapillary
- 2626
- Abstand zwischen benachbarten VerteilerrohrenDistance between adjacent distribution pipes
- 2727
- Abstand zwischen benachbarten KapillarrohrenDistance between adjacent capillary tubes
- 3030
- Feuchteregulierende SchichtMoisture-regulating layer
- 3131
- Höhe der (ersten) Feuchteregulierenden SchichtHeight of the (first) moisture-regulating layer
- 3232
- Höhe der (zweiten) Feuchteregulierenden SchichtHeight of the (second) moisture-regulating layer
- 3535
- diffusionsoffenes Material; Porenputz/Sanierputzvapor-permeable material; Pore cleaning / Restoration
- 5050
- Aufhängungsuspension
- 6060
- Stabilisierungsplattestabilizing plate
- 6161
- Höhe der StabilisierungsplatteHeight of the stabilization plate
- 7070
- FaserverstärkungsschichtFiber reinforcement layer
- 7171
- Höhe der FaserverstärkungsschichtHeight of the fiber reinforcement layer
- 8080
- Wärmedämmschichtthermal barrier
- 8181
- Höhe der WärmedämmschichtHeight of the thermal barrier coating
- 9090
- SchallabsorptionsschichtSound absorption layer
- 9191
- Höhe der SchallabsorptionsschichtHeight of the sound absorption layer
- 100100
- GebäudeinnenraumBuilding interior
- 110110
- Gebäudedeckebuilding ceiling
- 120120
- Gebäudewandbuilding wall
- 200200
- WärmeträgermediumHeat transfer medium
Claims (15)
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SI201630695T SI3086052T1 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2016-04-21 | Element for air conditioning |
PL16166365T PL3086052T3 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2016-04-21 | Element for air conditioning |
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ATA50316/2015A AT517134A1 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2015-04-22 | Cooling element |
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EP3086052A1 true EP3086052A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP3086052B1 EP3086052B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
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EP16166365.3A Active EP3086052B1 (en) | 2015-04-22 | 2016-04-21 | Element for air conditioning |
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AT (1) | AT517134A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3086052T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2776251T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE048982T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL3086052T3 (en) |
PT (1) | PT3086052T (en) |
SI (1) | SI3086052T1 (en) |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AT407084B (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-12-27 | Wilhelm Watzek | Apparatus for the air-conditioning of rooms |
EP1657496A2 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-05-17 | Werner Haase | Inner wall for insulation |
DE102010056047B3 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-05-16 | Robert Seidl | Wall element for use in air conditioning system for adiabatic cooling of buildings, has heat- and cold retaining concrete layer and intermediate layer suitable as water absorption- and distribution layer and thermal insulation layer |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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YU39745B (en) * | 1975-08-14 | 1985-04-30 | Termika | Process for producing perlite motor of a low volume mass such as 500 to 600 kg/m3 |
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2015
- 2015-04-22 AT ATA50316/2015A patent/AT517134A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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2016
- 2016-04-21 DK DK16166365.3T patent/DK3086052T3/en active
- 2016-04-21 ES ES16166365T patent/ES2776251T3/en active Active
- 2016-04-21 EP EP16166365.3A patent/EP3086052B1/en active Active
- 2016-04-21 PT PT161663653T patent/PT3086052T/en unknown
- 2016-04-21 PL PL16166365T patent/PL3086052T3/en unknown
- 2016-04-21 HU HUE16166365A patent/HUE048982T2/en unknown
- 2016-04-21 SI SI201630695T patent/SI3086052T1/en unknown
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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AT407084B (en) * | 1998-10-05 | 2000-12-27 | Wilhelm Watzek | Apparatus for the air-conditioning of rooms |
EP1657496A2 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-05-17 | Werner Haase | Inner wall for insulation |
DE102010056047B3 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-05-16 | Robert Seidl | Wall element for use in air conditioning system for adiabatic cooling of buildings, has heat- and cold retaining concrete layer and intermediate layer suitable as water absorption- and distribution layer and thermal insulation layer |
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PL3086052T3 (en) | 2020-08-24 |
DK3086052T3 (en) | 2020-03-30 |
HUE048982T2 (en) | 2020-09-28 |
EP3086052B1 (en) | 2019-12-25 |
SI3086052T1 (en) | 2020-06-30 |
PT3086052T (en) | 2020-04-02 |
ES2776251T3 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
AT517134A1 (en) | 2016-11-15 |
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