EP3081050B1 - Beheizbare windschutzscheibe - Google Patents

Beheizbare windschutzscheibe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3081050B1
EP3081050B1 EP14811831.8A EP14811831A EP3081050B1 EP 3081050 B1 EP3081050 B1 EP 3081050B1 EP 14811831 A EP14811831 A EP 14811831A EP 3081050 B1 EP3081050 B1 EP 3081050B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
windshield
busbar
busbars
heating
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14811831.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3081050A1 (de
Inventor
Laurent GOUTIERE
Peter MASSCHELEIN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AGC Glass Europe SA
Original Assignee
AGC Glass Europe SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AGC Glass Europe SA filed Critical AGC Glass Europe SA
Publication of EP3081050A1 publication Critical patent/EP3081050A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3081050B1 publication Critical patent/EP3081050B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/008—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements with layout including a portion free of resistive material, e.g. communication window
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/037—Heaters with zones of different power density

Definitions

  • the invention relates to windshields which comprise a system of thin layers which conduct electricity.
  • Windshields of this type are those that were originally developed to impart infrared ray filter properties.
  • the systems in this case comprise one or more essentially silver-based metal layers associated with dielectric layers which, on the one hand, protect the metal layers, and on the other, correct the effects of these layers on the transmitted spectrum and especially thought, so that they are of color as "neutral” as possible.
  • Electrically conductive layer systems are also provided for heating the windshield to defog or defrost.
  • a well recognized difficulty is the need to achieve layers whose resistance is low enough to allow to have an appropriate power.
  • the power developed is limited by the voltage available on the vehicle, generally 12-14v, on the one hand, and secondly because of the need to maintain the thickness of the metal layer or layers such as the light transmission visible wavelengths remain sufficient to meet regulatory requirements in this area, 70 or 75% depending on the country.
  • This solution partly takes a structure in which there is no conductive layer, the wires themselves constituting a heating network that extends from one busbar to another throughout the height of the windshield.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is obviously to reveal wires, which if they only contribute partially heating remain visible and therefore detract from the uniform appearance that makes the heating layers prefer.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy the difficulties mentioned above.
  • the windshields according to the invention are as defined in claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the idea that the heating of the windshield may not be uniform.
  • the builders demand a certain speed of obtaining the temperature at which the frost in particular disappears. But the entire surface of the windshield does not necessarily reach at the same time this temperature.
  • In the surface of the windshield there are always different areas according to the vision condition that these areas must present. This distinction appears in the United Nations Standard R43.
  • the zones called A are those for which the vision must meet no obstacle.
  • To this zone are added the zones B and C, and possibly D, for which, and in this order the imperatives are less rigorous.
  • the figure 1 schematically represents the location of these areas A, B, C.
  • the provisions according to the invention not only lead to a better location of the heated zones as quickly as possible, but reduce the presence of these points of local overheating in the most sensitive areas of the windshield, those where are located all the functional elements indicated. above.
  • the laterally located busbars preferably extend over a height of the windshield which extends approximately to the level of the boundary of the zone A and preferably of the zone B. This manner leads, as shown by the examples to a less heating especially in zone C, the one for which the requirement in terms of vision is the least strong.
  • the traditional arrangement includes a busbar extending up and down the windshield substantially the full width of the windshield.
  • An embodiment of the invention derived from this arrangement leads to continuously extend the busbar located in the upper position by portions extending along the edges in the height of the windshield. The same voltage then necessarily applies in the set top and side busbars. It is possible to separate the power busbar at the top of the windshield and those arranged laterally. This makes it possible, if necessary, to apply different voltages. In the latter case it is preferred to keep the busbar high at the highest potential.
  • the side busbars are advantageously symmetrical with respect to the axis of the windshield. Nevertheless an asymmetrical arrangement may be preferred. In this case the preferred arrangement is the one that provides the fastest heating in the viewing area facing the driver. To obtain this specific effect, the lateral busbar on the driver's side may be the only one, or the one that extends the lowest from the busbar in the high position. This mode lends itself to all the variations allowing to modulate more or less the dissymmetry of the heating.
  • the continuity of the busbar is first that of the applied voltage. It is possible to constitute an electrical continuity by connecting the busbars in the upper position to the (x) busbar (s) side by a conductor which is not necessarily of the same constitution as that constituting the busbar itself. This arrangement facilitates the application of busbars, when they consist of metal ribbons. These ribbons are not easy to follow around the windshield in its corners. A connecting wire extending between two metal ribbon elements avoids this difficulty. Moreover, the lack of structural continuity of the busbar does not constitute an inconvenience with regard to the distribution of the current lines insofar as the corner does not favor the importance of these lines.
  • the windshield As is most common, has areas in which the heating layer is absent for the reasons mentioned above, it is preferable to have a small busbar locally under these areas without a layer, this busbar being preferably connected to the main busbar in the high position.
  • This additional busbar is advantageously located at the lower end of the side busbars. In this case it is preferred to wear these different busbars at the same potential.
  • the busbar in the up position traditionally extends over the entire width of the windshield. This provision is not always necessary. It is possible to have separate sections connected to each other as indicated above about the side elements. Always in high position the busbar, or the elements that compose it, do not necessarily extend over the entire width. As noted above, the "corners" are high windshields do not see very intense current lines, and it is not necessary for these busbars to extend into the corners.
  • a busbar element under these "windows" in the layer.
  • This element is hidden in the parts hidden from view by the enamels applied for this purpose. If necessary if this element, which is usually in the center, can extend sufficiently in the width of the windshield, it can constitute alone the busbar from the top of the windshield. Most often, however, the main busbar located on the edge at the top of the windshield is combined with this additional element.
  • the voltage applied to this element in this case can be either the same as that of the main busbar is arranged to ensure that this voltage is significantly lower and therefore limit too high concentration of current lines from this element. In particular, it may be attempted to adjust the applied voltage so that it is approximately uniform over the width of the windshield at the level where this busbar element is located.
  • the representation of the windshield of the figure 1 is limited to the elements necessary for the description of the invention.
  • the heating layer is as described in many previous publications. This is to achieve the best results, namely the lowest possible resistance / square of sets of metal layers protected by dielectric layers. The most powerful systems have two, three or even four layers of silver. Under the best conditions, the heating layers reach resistances / square of the order of 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. Despite these very small resistances, the current dimensions of windshields often exceeding one meter in height do not provide the power required to meet the demand of manufacturers. This power is of the order of 400w / m 2 , using the potentials available on passenger cars (12-14v).
  • the figure 1 shows the traditional layout of the heating layer which extends over almost the entire surface of the glazing.
  • the limit of the layer is materialized by line 1. Only the edges of the glazing are not in contact with the conductive layer to avoid possible alterations by contact with the ambient humidity.
  • the conductive layer is also interrupted at the location of various devices traditionally present. This is the case, for example, of what is usually referred to as the teletransmission window 2, 3, of the electronic toll type, or those for the night-time driving assistance cameras 4.
  • the windows in question are arranged for let the particular infrared waves penetrate, which do not cross, or are too attenuated, by the conductive layers entering the heating layer system.
  • busbars 6 made of conductors sufficiently weak to retain as much power as possible for the elements directly useful for heating the windshield.
  • These busbars are traditionally either metal ribbons or ribbons of enameled conductive pastes.
  • the main busbars are arranged on the top and bottom edges of the sheet 1. This arrangement is chosen so as to limit the distance between them in order to reduce the resistance between these busbars and increase the available power per unit area for a difference of limited available potential.
  • Busbars 6 and 7 are connected via connectors not shown to the power supply.
  • the busbar 7 in the lower part is often spaced from the lower edge of the glazing to develop, in previously described modes, a particular heating zone for the wiper rest.
  • the windshields usually have enamelled parts intended to mask all the busbars, and the glue beads fixing the windshield to the bodywork.
  • the enamelled masking zones are arranged in position 2 on the outer sheet according to the traditional designation of the faces of the glass sheets of a laminated assembly.
  • the enamelled area extends beyond the edges to the locations that receive the rearview mirror brackets and other devices such as camera, bracket often stuck on the windshield.
  • busbar 8 is disposed in the masked area by the enamel and below the main areas without a layer.
  • the busbar 8 is electrically connected to the busbar 6. This connection can further adapt the potential of the busbar 8 so that it is approximately what the layer would present at this level, in the absence of these windows. In other words, efforts are made to restore the same potential over the entire width of the sheet for a certain uniformity of the current towards the bottom of the windshield.
  • the prior art proposes to connect busbars 6 and 8 by a conductor having substantially the same resistance as the layer between these same busbars.
  • zones A the one most directly concerned for the driver's vision.
  • Area B is wider than the previous one and completely encompasses it. This area covers virtually all unmasked parts of the glazing. The rest of the surface corresponds to zone C.
  • the object of the invention is to promote a differentiated heating.
  • the priority is to get the heating of zone A as soon as possible.
  • FIG. figure 2 a comparison is made of the operation of a windshield of the traditional type represented in FIG. figure 2 , and a windshield according to the invention in figure 3 .
  • Busbar 7 is grounded (ov).
  • the busbar 6 of the upper edge is 14v.
  • the additional busbar 8 is about 11v.
  • the same windshield is equipped in the manner shown in figure 3 .
  • the upper busbar 6 is extended on the sides by two parts 9 and 10 which are at the same potential of 14v.
  • the busbar 8 is at 14v tending to reproduce, in a way, an equipotential zone at the ends of 9 and 10 on the one hand and the busbar 8 on the other.
  • the two windshields are compared in their heating conditions.
  • the heating layer system used is that described in the Belgian patent application no. 2011/0218 filed on April 12, 2011 . It is an assembly comprising several thin layers of silver with dielectric layers that protect these metal layers.
  • the resistance R / ⁇ of the layer is 0.786 ⁇ / ⁇ .
  • the test windshield is composed of two 2.1mm thick glass sheets for the outer glass and 1.6mm for the inner glass, and a 0.76mm thick PVB sheet.
  • the heating layer is in position 3 in the laminate.
  • Temperatures are measured on the surface outside the glazing.
  • the initial temperature is 20 ° C.
  • the external and internal convection provided by air dissipates a power of 10W / m 2 K.
  • zone A is clearer for the glazing according to the invention.
  • the temperature difference is about 5 ° C higher for the glazing according to the invention.
  • the structure according to the invention also introduces a modification concerning the location of hot spots.
  • the end of the side busbars 9 and 10 is the seat of non-existent hot spots in the comparative example.
  • the area directly below the additional busbar 8 is also warmer, and the temperature increase extends beyond this zone to also improve the temperature in the center of the glazing.
  • the provision of the figure 8 differs from that of the figure 3 .
  • the elements of lateral busbars 11 and 12 are not directly in the continuity of the busbar 6 but connected by wires to a power supply whose potential is no longer that of the busbar 6.
  • a lower voltage of 10v is applied in the height of the windshield.
  • the figure 9 shows as for the figure 5 that the proposed provision is significantly more efficient than in the comparison mode of the figure 4 .
  • busbars are again at the same potential of 14v.
  • the busbar along the upper edge of the windshield is divided into two parts 13, 14 which do not extend to the side edges.
  • the elements on the sides have their lower ends approximately at the level of the busbar 8.

Landscapes

  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Beheizbare laminierte Windschutzscheibe, die aus zwei Glasscheiben besteht, welche durch eine Zwischenscheibe verbunden sind, umfassend ein leitendes System aus Schichten, das den Großteil der Fläche einer Glasscheibe der Windschutzscheibe bedeckt, wobei das System elektrisch durch Stromschienen im oberen Teil (6, 13, 14) und unteren Teil (7) der Windschutzscheibe versorgt wird, wobei Fenster (2, 3, 4) ohne Schichten im oberen Teil in der Mitte der Windschutzscheibe angeordnet sind, wobei die Windschutzscheibe mindestens eine zusätzliche Stromschiene (9, 10) umfasst, die seitlich am Rand und an der Oberseite der Windschutzscheibe angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    eine zusätzliche Stromversorgung in Form einer Stromschiene (8) angeordnet ist, die mindestens unter den breitesten Fenstern in dem durch eine emaillierte Beschichtung verdeckten Bereich liegt, und dass die Stromschiene (8) im Wesentlichen auf Höhe der unteren Enden der seitlichen Stromschiene oder
    Stromschienen (9, 10) liegt.
  2. Windschutzscheibe nach Anspruch 1, umfassend zwei zusätzliche Stromschienen (9, 10, 12, 13), die symmetrisch zur vertikalen Achse der Windschutzscheibe sind.
  3. Windschutzscheibe nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, bei der sich die Stromschiene (n) (9, 10, 11, 12) über die Ränder in Richtung der Unterseite der Windschutzscheibe erstrecken, wobei sich ihr unteres Ende höchstens auf Höhe des unteren Teils des untersten Fensters befindet.
  4. Windschutzscheibe nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Stromschiene (8), welche die zusätzliche Stromversorgung bildet, im Wesentlichen das gleiche Potenzial wie die seitlichen Stromschienen (9, 10) aufweist.
  5. Windschutzscheibe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die entlang des oberen Randes angeordnete Stromschiene aus mehreren separaten Elementen (13, 14) besteht.
  6. Windschutzscheibe nach Anspruch 5, bei der die Stromschienen aus Metallbändern bestehen.
  7. Windschutzscheibe nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, bei der die Stromschienen aus siebgedruckten leitfähigen Pasten bestehen.
EP14811831.8A 2013-12-11 2014-12-08 Beheizbare windschutzscheibe Active EP3081050B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE2013/0832A BE1024027B1 (fr) 2013-12-11 2013-12-11 Pare-brise chauffant
PCT/EP2014/076901 WO2015101462A1 (fr) 2013-12-11 2014-12-08 Pare-brise chauffant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3081050A1 EP3081050A1 (de) 2016-10-19
EP3081050B1 true EP3081050B1 (de) 2019-04-17

Family

ID=50101649

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14811831.8A Active EP3081050B1 (de) 2013-12-11 2014-12-08 Beheizbare windschutzscheibe

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10098186B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3081050B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2017505256A (de)
BE (1) BE1024027B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2015101462A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2743467T3 (es) 2015-10-13 2020-02-19 Saint Gobain Luna de vehículo laminada calentable con distribución mejorada del calor
JP6515871B2 (ja) * 2016-05-31 2019-05-22 トヨタ自動車株式会社 ウィンドウガラス加熱装置
KR101963864B1 (ko) * 2018-07-11 2019-04-01 (주)아이테드 발열모듈 및 이를 포함하는 발열유리
CN109451613B (zh) * 2018-10-23 2020-02-21 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种能够电加热的窗玻璃
CN109475018B (zh) * 2018-10-23 2020-02-21 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种具有透明导电膜的前挡风玻璃

Family Cites Families (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2186769A (en) * 1985-12-26 1987-08-19 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd Conductive glass plate
JPH0354047A (ja) * 1989-07-22 1991-03-08 Fuji Heavy Ind Ltd 融氷ウィンドガラス
NL1010073C2 (nl) * 1998-09-11 2000-03-15 Nedap Nv Systeem voor het gelijkmatig verwarmen van ruiten.
EP1081987B2 (de) * 1999-08-29 2013-11-06 AGC Flat Glass Europe SA Heizbare Verglasung
JP2002020142A (ja) * 2000-06-29 2002-01-23 Nippon Sheet Glass Co Ltd 車両用窓ガラスおよびその製造方法
US6734396B2 (en) * 2001-09-07 2004-05-11 Centre Luxembourgeois De Recherches Pour Le Verre Et La Ceramique S.A. (C.R.V.C.) Heatable vehicle window with different voltages in different heatable zones
DE102009025888B4 (de) * 2009-05-29 2014-04-10 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch großflächig beheizbarer, transparenter Gegenstand und seine Verwendung
DE102009026200A1 (de) * 2009-07-17 2011-02-17 Saint-Gobain Sekurit Deutschland Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch großflächig beheizbarer, transparenter Gegenstand, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und seine Verwendung
GB0914961D0 (en) * 2009-08-27 2009-09-30 Appleton Steve Electrically heated window
DE102012018001A1 (de) * 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Transparente Scheibe, Scheiben-Sensor-Einheit und Kraftfahrzeug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3081050A1 (de) 2016-10-19
JP2017505256A (ja) 2017-02-16
WO2015101462A1 (fr) 2015-07-09
US20160316521A1 (en) 2016-10-27
US10098186B2 (en) 2018-10-09
BE1024027B1 (fr) 2017-10-31

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