EP3078110A1 - Improved device for reversible charging for an electric vehicle - Google Patents

Improved device for reversible charging for an electric vehicle

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Publication number
EP3078110A1
EP3078110A1 EP14809473.3A EP14809473A EP3078110A1 EP 3078110 A1 EP3078110 A1 EP 3078110A1 EP 14809473 A EP14809473 A EP 14809473A EP 3078110 A1 EP3078110 A1 EP 3078110A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
battery
stage
charging
diode
switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14809473.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain Gascher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Renault SAS
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP3078110A1 publication Critical patent/EP3078110A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

Definitions

  • the invention relates generally to a device for charging a battery and, more particularly, to a charging device intended to be integrated into a motor vehicle with traction that is at least partly electrical and that offers reversible operation.
  • the invention relates in particular to a device for charging a battery capable of supplying a load or of restoring electrical energy to a distribution network.
  • the electrical power of the network is brought to the battery successively through two converters, namely a buck, intended to be connected to the network, and an elevator. voltage (“boost”) to be connected to the battery.
  • the two converters respectively allow to lower and raise the voltage ratio between their output terminal and their input terminal, successively opening and closing a series of switches, at a frequency which is controlled according to the current output, and / or the desired output voltage.
  • the first stage is a controlled voltage rectifier stage, while the second stage is a voltage inverter in traction mode and used in "boost" for recharging the battery.
  • Such charging systems are for example described in the patent application FR 2 943 188, which relates to an on-board charging system for a motor vehicle, enabling a vehicle battery to be recharged from a three-phase or single-phase circuit, the charging circuit incorporating the coils of an electric machine which also provides other functions, such as the generation of power or the propulsion of the vehicle.
  • a first operation makes it possible to send the energy back to the supply network according to a regulation imposed by the operator of the electric power distribution network, thereby offering the operator the possibility, in a case where a sufficient number of vehicles are available. equipped with a reversible charging system, optimize the management of the supply network.
  • a second operation makes it possible to use the vehicle as a source of substitute energy in the event of a failure of the domestic electrical network, or to take advantage of this source as a generator in a place where electricity is not distributed.
  • Document FR 2 946 810 describes in this respect a device for reversibly charging a battery.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to overcome this drawback and to propose a charging device for a battery capable of providing reversible operation and in a simple and inexpensive arrangement.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore a device for charging a battery and / or restoring electrical energy from said battery, in particular for a traction system of an at least partly electric traction motor vehicle, comprising a first rectifier stage intended to be connected to a supply network or to a load to be supplied, a second inverter stage intended to be connected to the battery and regulating means acting on the first and second stages.
  • the device comprises a bypass branch connected between an output and an input of the inverter stage and comprising a switch that can be opened during charging and associated with a diode positioned so as to allow a return of current to the first stage. rectifier.
  • the switch and the diode constitute a means of controlling the power of the electrical energy restored.
  • the branch branch is connected between an output of the inverter stage by which electrical energy is returned by the battery and an input of the inverter stage which communicates with a terminal of the rectifying stage enabling a return of electrical energy to the network or the load to be supplied.
  • the switch consists of an IGBT transistor.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle traction at least partially electric which comprises an onboard charging device as defined above.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of charging a battery and / or restoring electrical energy from said battery, for the implementation of a charging device comprising a first stage. rectifier for connection to a supply network or a load to be supplied, a second inverter stage to be connected to the battery, and control means acting on the first and second stages, in which, during charging, a controllable switch is placed in a branch branch connected between an output and an input of the inverter stage and which is associated with a diode positioned between in order to allow a return of current to the first rectifier stage during the restitution of energy.
  • the output current of the first stage is adjusted according to the voltage of the battery.
  • transistors entering the constitution of the second stage are switched simultaneously.
  • a first operating phase is implemented in which said switch is closed and said diode is locked so that the battery supplies power to the battery.
  • energy and a second phase in which said switch is open and the diode is passing so that the battery does not provide power, to control the power output.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the architecture of a conventional non-reversible load device
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of a reversible charging device according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 is an equivalent diagram of the charging device of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 7 to 10 illustrate the operation of the charging device of Figures 2 and 3 in the return of electrical energy mode, the battery to the network; and
  • FIG. 11 is an equivalent diagram of the device of FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 1 to describe the structure of a conventional charging device for a battery for a motor vehicle with electric traction.
  • the charging device 1 visible in this figure comprises a first step-down stage 2 intended to be connected to a supply network and a second step-up step 3 coupled to the step-down stage 2 via a series-connected inductor. with an electric machine 4 constituted, in the application envisaged, by the stator coils of the motor of the electric motor vehicle.
  • the device 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises three available phases that can be coupled to a three-phase supply network or to a single-phase supply network.
  • the first step-down stage 2 is actually a rectifier stage comprising three identical branches coupled in parallel, each comprising a series connection successively comprising a first diode 2- 1, a first transistor 2-2, a second diode 2-3 and a second transistor 2-4.
  • the step-up stage constitutes, for its part, an inverter stage which also comprises three identical branches coupled in parallel, comprising a series connection of two transistors 3- 1 and 3-2, each associated with a diode 3-3 and 3- 4 connected in parallel with the corresponding transistor.
  • the device 1 comprises an output capacitor 5 intended to keep the voltage at the terminals of the battery (not shown) relatively stable.
  • the assembly is completed by a central control unit incorporating regulation means acting on the transistors of the first and second stages 2 and 3 to, in particular, adjust the optimum intensity of the current to be returned through the positive terminal of the battery, when charging.
  • a central control unit incorporating regulation means acting on the transistors of the first and second stages 2 and 3 to, in particular, adjust the optimum intensity of the current to be returned through the positive terminal of the battery, when charging.
  • this charging device is only suitable for charging the battery.
  • FIG. 2 shows a reversible charging device according to the invention, that is to say capable of furthermore proposing a mode of restitution of energy from the electrical energy stored in the battery to deliver it. to a load or return it to the electricity distribution network.
  • the charging device visible in this figure, designated by the general reference numeral 6, is also provided with a first step-down stage 7 constituted by a voltage rectifier intended to be connected to a power supply network. electric, as shown, or to a load to be fed in power restoration mode and a second voltage booster stage constituted by a voltage inverter intended to be connected to a battery, with the interposition of a capacitor 9 intended to ensure the stability of the voltage across the battery.
  • a first step-down stage 7 constituted by a voltage rectifier intended to be connected to a power supply network. electric, as shown, or to a load to be fed in power restoration mode
  • a second voltage booster stage constituted by a voltage inverter intended to be connected to a battery, with the interposition of a capacitor 9 intended to ensure the stability of the voltage across the battery.
  • the first stage 7 and the second stage 8 are connected via a circuit 10 comprising the three coils 10-a, 10-b, 10-c of the motor.
  • An additional 10-d coil is placed in series with the motor coils 10-a, 10-b and 10-c to ensure easier servocontrol and lower current ripple.
  • the first and second stages 7 and 8 have a structure identical to the structure described above with reference to FIG.
  • the first step 7 voltage step is formed by mounting three identical branches each comprising two diodes 7-1 and 7-2 and two transistors 7-3 and 7-4. Each phase of the supply network is connected between a diode referenced 7-2 and a corresponding transistor 7-3.
  • the second stage 8 voltage booster that is also constituted by a parallel connection of three circuits each comprising two transistors 8-1 and 8-2 and two diodes 8-3 and 8-4 each connected in parallel on a corresponding transistor.
  • the transistors forming part of the first and second stages 7 and 8 consist of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs).
  • IGBTs insulated gate bipolar transistors
  • the diodes 8-3 and 8-4 are connected between the collector and the emitter of each transistor and the emitter of a first transistor is connected to the collector of the other transistor.
  • the stator windings 10-a, 10-b and 10-c are connected between the emitter of one of the transistors and the collector of the other transistor.
  • the circuit is of course complemented by a central control unit incorporating hardware and software regulatory means connected to the gate of each of the transistors of the first and second stages.
  • the assembly is completed by a branch branch 1 1 extending, as shown in Figure 2, between an output of the second stage 8 voltage booster and an input of this stage connected to an output of the first voltage step down stage 7.
  • this branch 1 1 1 is connected to the collector of the first transistor 8-1 of the second stage voltage booster and the collector of the second transistor 7-4 of the first step 7 step down.
  • This branch branch comprises an IGBT transistor 1 1 - 1 whose collector is connected to the collector of the first transistor 8-1 of the second stage 8 voltage booster and whose transmitter is connected, on the one hand, to the collector of the second transistor 7-4 of the first step 7 step down, and, secondly, to the emitter of the second transistor 8-2 of the second stage 8, through a diode 1 1 -2.
  • the branch branch is provided with an additional diode 1 1 -3 connected in parallel to the transistor 1 1 - 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an equivalent diagram of the circuit of FIG. 2.
  • the transistor Q2 corresponds to the transistor 1 1 - 1 associated with its diode 1 1 -3
  • the transistor Q 1 corresponds to the transistors of the three branches in parallel of the second stage 8
  • the diode D 1 corresponds to to the diodes 8-3 and 8-4 of Figure 2.
  • the transistor Q2 is kept open and the transistors of the first and second stages 7 and 8 are driven at the switching frequency, in particular by continuously adjusting the output current of the first rectifier stage as a function of the voltage of the the battery so as to improve the efficiency of the first stage by reducing the losses of the transistors so that they switch a lower current.
  • the transistors forming part of the second step-up stage 8 are all switched simultaneously, justifying the equivalent diagram of FIG.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show the operation of the step-up stage.
  • Transistor Q1 can be controlled by the central control unit either at closing (FIG. 5) or at opening (FIG. 6) to adjust the charging power.
  • the current from the battery flows through the transistor Q2 to be subsequently delivered to the first stage 7 operating as an inverter.
  • the diode D 1 is blocked.
  • the power is controlled by the set constituted by the transistor Q1, the diode D1 and the stator winding of the motor, in energy restitution mode, the power is controlled by the set comprising transistor Q2 and diode D2.
  • the transistor Q2 can, in turn, be open ( Figure 7) or closed ( Figure 8) under the control of the central control unit (not shown).
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 The current path shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is then obtained.
  • the current flows in the transistor Q2 and the diode D2 naturally blocks because the potential of its cathode is greater than that of the anode.
  • the battery provides power.
  • the transistor Q2 is blocked by its control and the current of the inductance M then finds the path of the diode D2 which becomes conducting.
  • the battery does not provide power.
  • the duration of each step ( Figure 9 and Figure 10) adjusts the power supplied to the power grid.
  • FIG. 11 On which a person skilled in the art will recognize a step-down formed by the set Self M, transistor Q2 and diode D2 which makes it possible to control the current.
  • a simple mode of controlling the charging device which has just been described consists in slaving the current in the inductor M by a first loop at a constant value. A cyclic ratio is then applied to each of the transistors, which is a function of the voltage measured on the electrical network.

Abstract

This device for charging a battery and/or for retrieving electrical energy from said battery, in particular for a traction system of an automotive vehicle with at least partially electric traction, comprises a first rectifier stage (7) intended to be linked to a power supply network or to a load, a second inverter stage (8) intended to be linked to the battery and regulating means acting on the first and second stages. It comprises a bypass branch (11) linked between an output and an input of the inverter stage and comprising a breaker (11-1) that can be opened during charging and which is associated with a diode (11-2) positioned in such a way as to permit a return of current to the first rectifier stage.

Description

Dispositif de charge réversible amélioré pour véhicule électrique  Improved reversible charging device for electric vehicle
L' invention concerne, de manière générale, un dispositif de charge d' une batterie et, plus particulièrement, un dispositif de charge destiné à être intégré à un véhicule automobile à traction au moins partiellement électrique et proposant un fonctionnement réversible. The invention relates generally to a device for charging a battery and, more particularly, to a charging device intended to be integrated into a motor vehicle with traction that is at least partly electrical and that offers reversible operation.
Ainsi, l' invention se rapporte en particulier à un dispositif de charge d'une batterie capable d' alimenter une charge ou de restituer de l' énergie électrique à un réseau de distribution.  Thus, the invention relates in particular to a device for charging a battery capable of supplying a load or of restoring electrical energy to a distribution network.
Dans des systèmes de recharge de batterie à haute tension, la puissance électrique du réseau est amenée à la batterie successivement au travers de deux convertisseurs, à savoir un abaisseur de tension (« buck ») , destiné à être raccordé au réseau, et un élévateur de tension (« boost ») destiné à être raccordé à la batterie.  In high voltage battery charging systems, the electrical power of the network is brought to the battery successively through two converters, namely a buck, intended to be connected to the network, and an elevator. voltage ("boost") to be connected to the battery.
Ces deux convertisseurs permettent respectivement d' abaisser et d' élever le rapport de tension entre leur borne de sortie et leur borne d' entrée, en ouvrant et en fermant successivement une série d' interrupteurs , à une fréquence qui est commandée en fonction du courant de sortie, et/ou de la tension de sortie souhaitée. Le premier étage constitue un étage redresseur de tension piloté, tandis que le deuxième étage est un onduleur de tension en mode traction et utilisé en « boost » pour la recharge de la batterie.  These two converters respectively allow to lower and raise the voltage ratio between their output terminal and their input terminal, successively opening and closing a series of switches, at a frequency which is controlled according to the current output, and / or the desired output voltage. The first stage is a controlled voltage rectifier stage, while the second stage is a voltage inverter in traction mode and used in "boost" for recharging the battery.
De tels systèmes de recharge sont par exemple décrits dans la demande de brevet FR 2 943 188, qui porte sur un système de recharge embarqué pour véhicule automobile, permettant un rechargement d' une batterie du véhicule à partir d' un circuit triphasé ou monophasé, le circuit de recharge intégrant les bobines d'une machine électrique qui assure par ailleurs d' autres fonctions, comme la génération de courant ou la propulsion du véhicule.  Such charging systems are for example described in the patent application FR 2 943 188, which relates to an on-board charging system for a motor vehicle, enabling a vehicle battery to be recharged from a three-phase or single-phase circuit, the charging circuit incorporating the coils of an electric machine which also provides other functions, such as the generation of power or the propulsion of the vehicle.
Un des inconvénients majeurs du véhicule électrique concerne sa disponibilité. En effet, lorsque sa batterie est déchargée, le véhicule électrique reste indisponible pendant toute la durée de recharge, qui peut atteindre plusieurs heures . Afin de diminuer la durée de recharge de la batterie, il est connu d' augmenter la puissance de charge en accroissant le courant prélevé sur le réseau. Il a également été proposé de prélever ce courant sur un réseau triphasé plutôt que sur un réseau monophasé, la puissance de charge étant supérieure lorsque le courant est prélevé à partir d'un tel réseau d' alimentation triphasé. One of the major drawbacks of the electric vehicle concerns its availability. Indeed, when its battery is discharged, the electric vehicle remains unavailable during the whole charging period, which can reach several hours. In order to reduce the charging time of the battery, it is known to increase the charging power by increasing the current drawn on the network. It has also been proposed to draw this current on a three-phase network rather than on a single-phase network, the load power being higher when the current is taken from such a three-phase supply network.
Lorsqu'un véhicule électrique ou hybride rechargeable dispose d'une puissance de recharge importante, permettant de ce fait une charge rapide, deux opportunités de fonctionnement peuvent se présenter dans la mesure où la topologie électronique de recharge est réversible.  When a rechargeable electric or hybrid vehicle has a large recharging power, thereby allowing a fast charge, two operating opportunities may occur to the extent that the electronic recharge topology is reversible.
Un premier fonctionnement permet de renvoyer l' énergie au réseau d' alimentation suivant une consigne imposée par l' exploitant du réseau de distribution d' énergie électrique, offrant ainsi la possibilité à l' exploitant, dans un cas où un nombre suffisant de véhicules sont dotés d' un système de recharge réversible, d' optimiser la gestion du réseau d' alimentation.  A first operation makes it possible to send the energy back to the supply network according to a regulation imposed by the operator of the electric power distribution network, thereby offering the operator the possibility, in a case where a sufficient number of vehicles are available. equipped with a reversible charging system, optimize the management of the supply network.
Un second fonctionnement permet d' utiliser le véhicule comme source d' énergie de substitution en cas de défaillance du réseau électrique domestique, ou pour profiter de cette source comme générateur dans un endroit où l' électricité n' est pas distribuée.  A second operation makes it possible to use the vehicle as a source of substitute energy in the event of a failure of the domestic electrical network, or to take advantage of this source as a generator in a place where electricity is not distributed.
Le document FR 2 946 810 décrit à cet égard un dispositif de charge réversible d'une batterie.  Document FR 2 946 810 describes in this respect a device for reversibly charging a battery.
Mais l' agencement décrit dans ce document est fondé sur une structure de redresseur dans lequel les composants sont doublés afin de permettre un fonctionnement en restitution d' énergie. Cet agencement complique donc fortement la structure du redresseur et augmente son coût.  But the arrangement described in this document is based on a rectifier structure in which the components are doubled to allow operation in energy recovery. This arrangement therefore greatly complicates the structure of the rectifier and increases its cost.
Le but de l' invention est donc de pallier cet inconvénient et de proposer un dispositif de charge d' une batterie capable de proposer un fonctionnement réversible et ce dans un agencement simple et peu onéreux.  The object of the invention is therefore to overcome this drawback and to propose a charging device for a battery capable of providing reversible operation and in a simple and inexpensive arrangement.
L' invention a donc pour objet un dispositif de charge d' une batterie et/ou de restitution d' énergie électrique à partir de ladite batterie, notamment pour système de traction d' un véhicule automobile à traction au moins partiellement électrique, comprenant un premier étage redresseur destiné à être raccordé à un réseau d' alimentation ou à une charge à alimenter, un second étage onduleur destiné à être raccordé à la batterie et des moyens de régulation agissant sur les premier et deuxième étages. The subject of the invention is therefore a device for charging a battery and / or restoring electrical energy from said battery, in particular for a traction system of an at least partly electric traction motor vehicle, comprising a first rectifier stage intended to be connected to a supply network or to a load to be supplied, a second inverter stage intended to be connected to the battery and regulating means acting on the first and second stages.
Ce dispositif comporte une branche de dérivation raccordée entre une sortie et une entrée de l' étage onduleur et comprenant un interrupteur pilotable à l' ouverture lors de la charge et associé à une diode positionnée de manière à autoriser un retour de courant vers le premier étage redresseur.  The device comprises a bypass branch connected between an output and an input of the inverter stage and comprising a switch that can be opened during charging and associated with a diode positioned so as to allow a return of current to the first stage. rectifier.
Il a été constaté qu' en dotant le dispositif de charge d'une telle branche de dérivation dotée d'un interrupteur et d' une diode, il est possible de rendre le dispositif réversible, malgré la simplicité de cette solution.  It has been found that by providing the charging device with such a branch branch with a switch and a diode, it is possible to make the device reversible, despite the simplicity of this solution.
Selon une autre caractéristique de ce dispositif de charge, l' interrupteur et la diode constituent un moyen de contrôle de la puissance de l' énergie électrique restituée.  According to another characteristic of this charging device, the switch and the diode constitute a means of controlling the power of the electrical energy restored.
Dans un mode de réalisation, la branche de dérivation est raccordée entre une sortie de l' étage onduleur par laquelle l' énergie électrique est restituée par la batterie et une entrée de l' étage onduleur qui communique avec une borne de l' étage redresseur autorisant une restitution d' énergie électrique vers le réseau ou la charge à alimenter.  In one embodiment, the branch branch is connected between an output of the inverter stage by which electrical energy is returned by the battery and an input of the inverter stage which communicates with a terminal of the rectifying stage enabling a return of electrical energy to the network or the load to be supplied.
Par exemple, l' interrupteur est constitué par un transistor IGBT.  For example, the switch consists of an IGBT transistor.
L' invention a également pour objet un véhicule automobile à traction au moins partiellement électrique qui comporte un dispositif de charge embarqué tel que défini ci-dessus.  The invention also relates to a motor vehicle traction at least partially electric which comprises an onboard charging device as defined above.
Selon un autre aspect, l' invention a également pour objet un procédé de charge d' une batterie et/ou de restitution d' énergie électrique à partir de ladite batterie, pour la mise en œuvre d' un dispositif de charge comprenant un premier étage redresseur destiné à être raccordé à un réseau d' alimentation ou à une charge à alimenter, un second étage onduleur destiné à être raccordé à la batterie, et des moyens de régulation agissant sur les premier et deuxième étages , dans lequel, lors de la charge, on ouvre un interrupteur pilotable placé dans une branche de dérivation raccordée entre une sortie et une entrée de l' étage onduleur et auquel est associée une diode positionnée de manière à autoriser un retour de courant vers le premier étage redresseur lors de la restitution d' énergie. According to another aspect, the subject of the invention is also a method of charging a battery and / or restoring electrical energy from said battery, for the implementation of a charging device comprising a first stage. rectifier for connection to a supply network or a load to be supplied, a second inverter stage to be connected to the battery, and control means acting on the first and second stages, in which, during charging, a controllable switch is placed in a branch branch connected between an output and an input of the inverter stage and which is associated with a diode positioned between in order to allow a return of current to the first rectifier stage during the restitution of energy.
Dans un mode de mise en œuvre, en mode de charge de la batterie, on ajuste le courant de sortie du premier étage en fonction de la tension de la batterie.  In one implementation mode, in battery charging mode, the output current of the first stage is adjusted according to the voltage of the battery.
On peut également prévoir que des transistors entrant dans la constitution du deuxième étage sont commutés simultanément.  It is also possible that transistors entering the constitution of the second stage are switched simultaneously.
Par ailleurs , selon un mode de mise en œuvre, en mode de restitution d' énergie, on met en œuvre une première phase de fonctionnement dans laquelle on ferme ledit interrupteur et l' on bloque ladite diode de sorte que la batterie fournisse de l' énergie et une deuxième phase dans laquelle ledit interrupteur est ouvert et la diode est passante de sorte que la batterie ne fournisse pas d' énergie, pour contrôler la puissance restituée.  Moreover, according to an implementation mode, in the energy recovery mode, a first operating phase is implemented in which said switch is closed and said diode is locked so that the battery supplies power to the battery. energy and a second phase in which said switch is open and the diode is passing so that the battery does not provide power, to control the power output.
D ' autres buts, caractéristiques et avantages de l' invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante, donnée uniquement à titre d' exemple non limitatif, et faite en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :  Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description, given solely by way of nonlimiting example, and with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est un schéma montrant l' architecture d' un dispositif de charge conventionnel, non réversible ;  - Figure 1 is a diagram showing the architecture of a conventional non-reversible load device;
- la figure 2 illustre la structure d'un dispositif de charge réversible selon l' invention ;  FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of a reversible charging device according to the invention;
- la figure 3 est un schéma équivalent du dispositif de charge de la figure 2 ;  FIG. 3 is an equivalent diagram of the charging device of FIG. 2;
- les figures 4, 5 et 6 illustrent le fonctionnement du dispositif de charge des figures 2 et 3 en mode de charge ;  - Figures 4, 5 and 6 illustrate the operation of the charging device of Figures 2 and 3 in charge mode;
- les figures 7 à 10 illustrent le fonctionnement du dispositif de charge des figures 2 et 3 en mode de restitution d' énergie électrique, de la batterie vers le réseau ; et - la figure 1 1 est un schéma équivalent du dispositif de la figure 7. - Figures 7 to 10 illustrate the operation of the charging device of Figures 2 and 3 in the return of electrical energy mode, the battery to the network; and FIG. 11 is an equivalent diagram of the device of FIG. 7.
On se référera en premier lieu à la figure 1 pour décrire la structure d' un dispositif conventionnel de charge d' une batterie pour véhicule automobile à traction électrique.  Reference will first be made to FIG. 1 to describe the structure of a conventional charging device for a battery for a motor vehicle with electric traction.
Le dispositif de charge 1 visible sur cette figure comprend un premier étage 2 abaisseur de tension destiné à être raccordé à un réseau d' alimentation et un deuxième étage 3 élévateur de tension couplé à l' étage abaisseur de tension 2 via une inductance montée en série avec une machine électrique 4 constituée, dans l' application envisagée, par les bobines du stator du moteur du véhicule automobile électrique.  The charging device 1 visible in this figure comprises a first step-down stage 2 intended to be connected to a supply network and a second step-up step 3 coupled to the step-down stage 2 via a series-connected inductor. with an electric machine 4 constituted, in the application envisaged, by the stator coils of the motor of the electric motor vehicle.
Le dispositif 1 représenté sur la figure 1 comprend trois phases disponibles qui peuvent être couplées à un réseau d' alimentation triphasé ou à un réseau d' alimentation monophasé.  The device 1 shown in FIG. 1 comprises three available phases that can be coupled to a three-phase supply network or to a single-phase supply network.
Le premier étage 2 abaisseur de tension constitue en réalité un étage redresseur comprenant trois branches identiques couplées en parallèle comprenant chacune un montage en série comprenant successivement une première diode 2- 1 , un premier transistor 2-2, une deuxième diode 2-3 et un deuxième transistor 2-4.  The first step-down stage 2 is actually a rectifier stage comprising three identical branches coupled in parallel, each comprising a series connection successively comprising a first diode 2- 1, a first transistor 2-2, a second diode 2-3 and a second transistor 2-4.
L' étage élévateur de tension constitue, quant à lui, un étage onduleur qui comporte également trois branches identiques couplées en parallèle comprenant un montage en série de deux transistors 3- 1 et 3 - 2 associés chacun à une diode 3 -3 et 3-4 montée en parallèle sur le transistor correspondant.  The step-up stage constitutes, for its part, an inverter stage which also comprises three identical branches coupled in parallel, comprising a series connection of two transistors 3- 1 and 3-2, each associated with a diode 3-3 and 3- 4 connected in parallel with the corresponding transistor.
On voit qu' en sortie, le dispositif 1 comporte un condensateur 5 de sortie destiné à maintenir relativement stable la tension aux bornes de la batterie (non représentée) .  It can be seen that, at the output, the device 1 comprises an output capacitor 5 intended to keep the voltage at the terminals of the battery (not shown) relatively stable.
L' ensemble est complété par une unité centrale de commande incorporant des moyens de régulation agissant sur les transistors des premier et deuxième étages 2 et 3 pour, notamment, régler l' intensité optimale du courant à faire rentrer par la borne positive de la batterie, lors de la charge. On pourra se référer aux documents FR2943188 , FR29645 10 et FR2974253 pour la régulation de la charge d' une batterie par un réseau monophasé ou triphasé utilisant le dispositif de charge 1. The assembly is completed by a central control unit incorporating regulation means acting on the transistors of the first and second stages 2 and 3 to, in particular, adjust the optimum intensity of the current to be returned through the positive terminal of the battery, when charging. Reference may be made to documents FR2943188, FR29645 and FR2974253 for regulating the charge of a battery by a single-phase or three-phase network using the charging device 1.
Comme indiqué précédemment, ce dispositif de charge n' est adapté que pour réaliser la charge de la batterie.  As indicated above, this charging device is only suitable for charging the battery.
On a représenté sur la figure 2 un dispositif de charge réversible selon l' invention, c' est-à-dire capable en outre de proposer un mode de restitution d' énergie à partir de l' énergie électrique stockée dans la batterie pour la délivrer à une charge ou la restituer au réseau de distribution électrique.  FIG. 2 shows a reversible charging device according to the invention, that is to say capable of furthermore proposing a mode of restitution of energy from the electrical energy stored in the battery to deliver it. to a load or return it to the electricity distribution network.
Comme on le voit, le dispositif de charge visible sur cette figure, désigné par la référence numérique générale 6, est également doté d'un premier étage 7 abaisseur de tension constitué par un redresseur de tension destiné à être raccordé à un réseau d' alimentation électrique, comme représenté, ou à une charge à alimenter en mode de restitution d' énergie et un deuxième étage 8 élévateur de tension constitué par un onduleur de tension destiné à être raccordé à une batterie, avec interposition d'un condensateur 9 destiné à assurer la stabilité de la tension aux bornes de la batterie.  As can be seen, the charging device visible in this figure, designated by the general reference numeral 6, is also provided with a first step-down stage 7 constituted by a voltage rectifier intended to be connected to a power supply network. electric, as shown, or to a load to be fed in power restoration mode and a second voltage booster stage constituted by a voltage inverter intended to be connected to a battery, with the interposition of a capacitor 9 intended to ensure the stability of the voltage across the battery.
Le premier étage 7 et le deuxième étage 8 sont raccordés par l' intermédiaire d' un circuit 10 comprenant les trois bobines 10-a, 10 - b, 10-c du moteur. Une bobine additionnelle 10-d est placée en série avec les bobines 10-a, 10-b et 10-c du moteur pour garantir un asservissement plus aisé et une ondulation de courant moindre.  The first stage 7 and the second stage 8 are connected via a circuit 10 comprising the three coils 10-a, 10-b, 10-c of the motor. An additional 10-d coil is placed in series with the motor coils 10-a, 10-b and 10-c to ensure easier servocontrol and lower current ripple.
Les premier et deuxième étages 7 et 8 ont une structure identique à la structure décrite précédemment en référence à la figure 1.  The first and second stages 7 and 8 have a structure identical to the structure described above with reference to FIG.
En effet, le premier étage 7 abaisseur de tension est formé par un montage de trois branches identiques comprenant chacune deux diodes 7- 1 et 7-2 et deux transistors 7-3 et 7-4. Chaque phase du réseau d' alimentation vient se brancher entre une diode référencée 7-2 et un transistor 7-3 correspondant.  Indeed, the first step 7 voltage step is formed by mounting three identical branches each comprising two diodes 7-1 and 7-2 and two transistors 7-3 and 7-4. Each phase of the supply network is connected between a diode referenced 7-2 and a corresponding transistor 7-3.
En ce qui concerne le deuxième étage 8 élévateur de tension, celui est également constitué par un montage en parallèle de trois circuits comprenant chacun deux transistors 8- 1 et 8-2 et deux diodes 8-3 et 8-4 connectées chacune en parallèle sur un transistor correspondant. With regard to the second stage 8 voltage booster, that is also constituted by a parallel connection of three circuits each comprising two transistors 8-1 and 8-2 and two diodes 8-3 and 8-4 each connected in parallel on a corresponding transistor.
On notera que les transistors entrant dans la constitution des premier et deuxième étages 7 et 8 sont constitués par des transistors bipolaires à grille isolée (IGBT). Dans le premier étage, l' émetteur d'un premier transistor 7-3 est raccordé à la première diode 7- 1 , tandis que le collecteur de ce transistor 7-3 est raccordé à la deuxième diode 7-2 à laquelle est raccordé l' émetteur de l' autre transistor 7-4.  It should be noted that the transistors forming part of the first and second stages 7 and 8 consist of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs). In the first stage, the emitter of a first transistor 7-3 is connected to the first diode 7-1, while the collector of this transistor 7-3 is connected to the second diode 7-2 to which is connected the emitter of the other transistor 7-4.
Dans le deuxième étage, les diodes 8-3 et 8-4 sont raccordées entre le collecteur et l' émetteur de chaque transistor et l' émetteur d' un premier transistor est raccordé au collecteur de l' autre transistor. Les bobinages 10-a, 10-b et 10-c statoriques sont raccordés entre l' émetteur de l' un des transistors et le collecteur de l' autre transistor.  In the second stage, the diodes 8-3 and 8-4 are connected between the collector and the emitter of each transistor and the emitter of a first transistor is connected to the collector of the other transistor. The stator windings 10-a, 10-b and 10-c are connected between the emitter of one of the transistors and the collector of the other transistor.
Le circuit est bien entendu complété par une unité centrale de commande incorporant des moyens matériels et logiciels de régulation raccordés à la grille de chacun des transistors des premier et deuxième étages.  The circuit is of course complemented by a central control unit incorporating hardware and software regulatory means connected to the gate of each of the transistors of the first and second stages.
Dans le but de rendre le dispositif de charge 6 réversible, le montage est complété par une branche de dérivation 1 1 s ' étendant, comme visible sur la figure 2, entre une sortie du deuxième étage 8 élévateur de tension et une entrée de cet étage raccordée à une sortie du premier étage abaisseur de tension 7.  In order to make the charging device 6 reversible, the assembly is completed by a branch branch 1 1 extending, as shown in Figure 2, between an output of the second stage 8 voltage booster and an input of this stage connected to an output of the first voltage step down stage 7.
Plus particulièrement, cette branche de dérivation 1 1 est raccordée au collecteur du premier transistor 8- 1 du deuxième étage élévateur de tension et au collecteur du deuxième transistor 7-4 du premier étage 7 abaisseur de tension.  More particularly, this branch 1 1 1 is connected to the collector of the first transistor 8-1 of the second stage voltage booster and the collector of the second transistor 7-4 of the first step 7 step down.
Cette branche de dérivation comporte un transistor IGBT 1 1 - 1 dont le collecteur est raccordé au collecteur du premier transistor 8- 1 du deuxième étage 8 élévateur de tension et dont l' émetteur est raccordé, d'une part, au collecteur du deuxième transistor 7-4 du premier étage 7 abaisseur de tension, et, d' autre part, à l' émetteur du deuxième transistor 8-2 du deuxième étage 8, par l' intermédiaire de d'une diode 1 1 -2. La branche de dérivation est dotée d'une diode additionnelle 1 1 -3 branchée en parallèle sur le transistor 1 1 - 1. La figure 3 est un schéma équivalent du circuit de la figure 2.This branch branch comprises an IGBT transistor 1 1 - 1 whose collector is connected to the collector of the first transistor 8-1 of the second stage 8 voltage booster and whose transmitter is connected, on the one hand, to the collector of the second transistor 7-4 of the first step 7 step down, and, secondly, to the emitter of the second transistor 8-2 of the second stage 8, through a diode 1 1 -2. The branch branch is provided with an additional diode 1 1 -3 connected in parallel to the transistor 1 1 - 1. FIG. 3 is an equivalent diagram of the circuit of FIG. 2.
Sur le schéma équivalent de cette figure 3 , le transistor Q2 correspond au transistor 1 1 - 1 associé à sa diode 1 1 -3 , le transistor Q l correspond aux transistors des trois branches en parallèle du deuxième étage 8 et la diode D l correspond aux diodes 8-3 et 8-4 de la figure 2. In the equivalent diagram of this FIG. 3, the transistor Q2 corresponds to the transistor 1 1 - 1 associated with its diode 1 1 -3, the transistor Q 1 corresponds to the transistors of the three branches in parallel of the second stage 8 and the diode D 1 corresponds to to the diodes 8-3 and 8-4 of Figure 2.
Enfin, le moteur et l' inductance 10-d ont été modélisés par une unique self M.  Finally, the motor and the inductance 10-d were modeled by a single self M
On va maintenant décrire, en référence aux figures 4 à 6, le fonctionnement du dispositif de charge 6 qui vient d' être décrit, lors de la charge.  We will now describe, with reference to Figures 4 to 6, the operation of the charging device 6 which has just been described, during charging.
Lors du fonctionnement en charge, le transistor Q2 est maintenu ouvert et les transistors des premier et deuxième étages 7 et 8 sont pilotés à la fréquence de découpage, notamment en ajustant en permanence le courant de sortie du premier étage redresseur en fonction de la tension de la batterie de manière à améliorer le rendement du premier étage en réduisant les pertes des transistors de manière qu' ils commutent un courant plus faible. En particulier, les transistors entrant dans la constitution du deuxième étage élévateur 8 sont tous commutés simultanément, justifiant le schéma équivalent de la figure 3.  During operation under load, the transistor Q2 is kept open and the transistors of the first and second stages 7 and 8 are driven at the switching frequency, in particular by continuously adjusting the output current of the first rectifier stage as a function of the voltage of the the battery so as to improve the efficiency of the first stage by reducing the losses of the transistors so that they switch a lower current. In particular, the transistors forming part of the second step-up stage 8 are all switched simultaneously, justifying the equivalent diagram of FIG.
On a représenté sur les figures 5 et 6 le fonctionnement de l' étage élévateur de tension. Le transistor Q l peut être piloté par l' unité centrale de commande soit à la fermeture (figure 5) , soit à l' ouverture (figure 6) pour régler la puissance de charge.  FIGS. 5 and 6 show the operation of the step-up stage. Transistor Q1 can be controlled by the central control unit either at closing (FIG. 5) or at opening (FIG. 6) to adjust the charging power.
En se référant maintenant aux figures 7 à 10, dans le mode de restitution d' énergie, le courant issu de la batterie circule à travers le transistor Q2 pour être par la suite délivré au premier étage 7 fonctionnant en onduleur. Pendant toute la durée du mode de restitution d' énergie, la diode D l est bloquée.  Referring now to FIGS. 7 to 10, in the energy recovery mode, the current from the battery flows through the transistor Q2 to be subsequently delivered to the first stage 7 operating as an inverter. During the entire duration of the energy restoration mode, the diode D 1 is blocked.
Alors que dans le mode de fonctionnement en charge, la puissance est contrôlée par l' ensemble constitué par le transistor Q l , la diode D l et le bobinage statorique du moteur, en mode de restitution d' énergie, la puissance est contrôlée par l' ensemble comprenant le transistor Q2 et la diode D2. Le transistor Q2 peut, quant à lui, être ouvert (figure 7) ou fermé (figure 8) sous le contrôle de l' unité centrale de commande (non représentée). While in the operating mode under load, the power is controlled by the set constituted by the transistor Q1, the diode D1 and the stator winding of the motor, in energy restitution mode, the power is controlled by the set comprising transistor Q2 and diode D2. The transistor Q2 can, in turn, be open (Figure 7) or closed (Figure 8) under the control of the central control unit (not shown).
On obtient alors le trajet de courant visible sur les figures 9 et 10. Sur la figure 9 , le courant passe dans le transistor Q2 et la diode D2 se bloque naturellement car le potentiel de sa cathode est supérieur à celui de l' anode. Durant la phase de fonctionnement de la figure 9 , la batterie fournie de l' énergie. Sur la figure 10, le transistor Q2 est bloqué par sa commande et le courant de l' inductance M trouve alors le chemin de la diode D2 qui devient passante. Durant la phase de fonctionnement de la figure 10, la batterie ne fournie pas d' énergie. La durée de chaque étape (figure 9 et figure 10) permet de régler la puissance fournie vers le réseau électrique.  The current path shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 is then obtained. In FIG. 9, the current flows in the transistor Q2 and the diode D2 naturally blocks because the potential of its cathode is greater than that of the anode. During the operation phase of Figure 9, the battery provides power. In FIG. 10, the transistor Q2 is blocked by its control and the current of the inductance M then finds the path of the diode D2 which becomes conducting. During the operation phase of Figure 10, the battery does not provide power. The duration of each step (Figure 9 and Figure 10) adjusts the power supplied to the power grid.
On pourra enfin se référer à la figure 1 1 sur laquelle un homme du métier reconnaîtra un abaisseur formé par l' ensemble Self M, transistor Q2 et diode D2 qui permet de contrôler le courant. Un mode simple de commande du dispositif de charge qui vient d' être décrit consiste à asservir le courant dans l' inductance M par une première boucle à une valeur constante. On applique ensuite un rapport cyclique sur chacun des transistors qui est fonction de la tension mesurée sur le réseau électrique. Bien entendu, on ne sort pas du cadre de l' invention lorsque l' on utilise d' autres modes de contrôle, sans charger la topologie du dispositif.  Finally, it will be possible to refer to FIG. 11, on which a person skilled in the art will recognize a step-down formed by the set Self M, transistor Q2 and diode D2 which makes it possible to control the current. A simple mode of controlling the charging device which has just been described consists in slaving the current in the inductor M by a first loop at a constant value. A cyclic ratio is then applied to each of the transistors, which is a function of the voltage measured on the electrical network. Of course, it is not beyond the scope of the invention when using other control modes, without loading the topology of the device.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de charge d'une batterie et/ou de restitution d'énergie électrique à partir de ladite batterie, notamment pour système de traction d'un véhicule automobile à traction au moins partiellement électrique, comprenant un premier étage redresseur (7) destiné à être raccordé à un réseau d'alimentation ou à une charge à alimenter, un second étage onduleur (8) destiné à être raccordé à la batterie et des moyens de régulation agissant sur les premier et deuxième étages, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une branche de dérivation (11) raccordée entre une sortie et une entrée de l'étage onduleur (8) et comprenant un interrupteur (11-1) pilotable à l'ouverture lors de la charge et associé à une diode (11-2) positionnée de manière à autoriser un retour de courant vers le premier étage redresseur. 1. Device for charging a battery and / or restoring electrical energy from said battery, in particular for a traction system of an at least partially electric traction motor vehicle, comprising a first rectifier stage (7) intended to be connected to a supply network or to a load to be supplied, a second inverter stage (8) intended to be connected to the battery and regulation means acting on the first and second stages, characterized in that it comprises a branch branch (11) connected between an output and an input of the inverter stage (8) and comprising a switch (11-1) controllable at the opening during charging and associated with a diode (11-2) positioned to allow a current return to the first rectifier stage.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'interrupteur (11-1) et la diode (11-2) constituent un moyen de contrôle de la puissance de l'énergie restituée.  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch (11-1) and the diode (11-2) constitute a means for controlling the power of the restored energy.
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que la branche de dérivation (11) est raccordée entre une sortie de l'étage onduleur (8) par laquelle l'énergie électrique est restituée par la batterie et une entrée de l'étage onduleur (8) qui communique avec une borne de l'étage redresseur (7) autorisant une restitution d'énergie électrique vers le réseau ou la charge à alimenter.  3. Device according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the branch branch (11) is connected between an output of the inverter stage (8) by which the electrical energy is returned by the battery and a input of the inverter stage (8) which communicates with a terminal of the rectifier stage (7) allowing a return of electrical energy to the network or the load to be supplied.
4. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'interrupteur (11-1) est constitué par un transistor IGBT.  4. Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the switch (11-1) is constituted by an IGBT transistor.
5. Véhicule automobile à traction au moins partiellement électrique, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un dispositif de charge embarqué selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4.  5. Motor vehicle with at least partially electrical traction, characterized in that it comprises an on-board charging device according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Procédé de charge d'une batterie et/ou de restitution d'énergie électrique à partir de ladite batterie, pour la mise en œuvre d'un dispositif de charge comprenant un premier étage redresseur (7) destiné à être raccordé à un réseau d'alimentation ou à une charge à alimenter, un second étage onduleur (8) destiné à être raccordé à la batterie et des moyens de régulation agissant sur les premier et deuxième étages, caractérisé en ce que, lors de la charge, on ouvre un interrupteur ( 1 1 - 1 ) pilotable placé dans une branche de dérivation ( 1 1) raccordée entre une sortie et une entrée de l' étage onduleur et auquel est associée une diode ( 1 1 -2) positionnée de manière à autoriser un retour de courant vers le premier étage redresseur lors de la restitution d' énergie. 6. A method of charging a battery and / or restoring electrical energy from said battery, for the implementation of a charging device comprising a first rectifier stage (7) intended to be connected to a network power supply or at a load at supplying, a second inverter stage (8) intended to be connected to the battery and regulating means acting on the first and second stages, characterized in that, during charging, a controllable switch (1 1 - 1) is opened placed in a branch branch (1 1) connected between an output and an input of the inverter stage and which is associated with a diode (1 1 -2) positioned to allow a current return to the first rectifier stage when the restitution of energy.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel, en mode de charge de la batterie, on ajuste le courant de sortie du premier étage en fonction de la tension de la batterie.  7. The method of claim 6, wherein, in charge mode of the battery, the output current of the first stage is adjusted according to the voltage of the battery.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, dans lequel des transistors entrant dans la constitution du deuxième étage sont commutés simultanément.  8. The method of claim 7, wherein transistors entering the constitution of the second stage are switched simultaneously.
9. Procédé selon l' une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, dans lequel en mode de restitution d' énergie, on met en œuvre une première phase de fonctionnement dans laquelle on ferme ledit interrupteur ( 1 1 - 1) et l' on bloque ladite diode ( 1 1 -2) de sorte que la batterie fournisse de l' énergie et une deuxième phase dans laquelle ledit interrupteur est ouvert et la diode ( 1 1 -2) est passante de sorte que la batterie ne fournisse pas d' énergie, pour contrôler la puissance restituée.  9. Method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein in the energy recovery mode, it implements a first phase of operation in which said switch is closed (1 1 - 1) and blocked. said diode (1 1 -2) so that the battery provides power and a second phase in which said switch is open and the diode (1 1 -2) is conducting so that the battery does not provide power , to control the restored power.
EP14809473.3A 2013-12-05 2014-11-06 Improved device for reversible charging for an electric vehicle Withdrawn EP3078110A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1362163A FR3014615B1 (en) 2013-12-05 2013-12-05 IMPROVED REVERSIBLE CHARGE DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
PCT/FR2014/052831 WO2015082786A1 (en) 2013-12-05 2014-11-06 Improved device for reversible charging for an electric vehicle

Publications (1)

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EP3078110A1 true EP3078110A1 (en) 2016-10-12

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CN102969932A (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-03-13 中南大学 Multifunctional current-type bidirectional AC (Alternating-Current)/DC (Direct-Current) converter and control method thereof

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JP4347983B2 (en) * 2000-02-28 2009-10-21 三菱電機株式会社 Elevator control device
FR2946810B1 (en) * 2009-06-16 2012-12-14 Renault Sas REVERSIBLE FAST CHARGING DEVICE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE
KR101273736B1 (en) * 2011-03-18 2013-06-12 엘에스산전 주식회사 Inverter-charger conversed device for electric vehicles and method for controlling thereof

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CN201008129Y (en) * 2006-12-05 2008-01-16 哈尔滨航空工业(集团)有限公司 Static electric power bidirectional reversible up-down voltage frequency converter
CN102969932A (en) * 2012-12-20 2013-03-13 中南大学 Multifunctional current-type bidirectional AC (Alternating-Current)/DC (Direct-Current) converter and control method thereof

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FR3014615A1 (en) 2015-06-12
FR3014615B1 (en) 2015-12-18

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