EP3073501B1 - Linearer mehrpoliger schalter - Google Patents

Linearer mehrpoliger schalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3073501B1
EP3073501B1 EP15382143.4A EP15382143A EP3073501B1 EP 3073501 B1 EP3073501 B1 EP 3073501B1 EP 15382143 A EP15382143 A EP 15382143A EP 3073501 B1 EP3073501 B1 EP 3073501B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contacts
movable
switch
fixed contacts
plate
Prior art date
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Active
Application number
EP15382143.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3073501A1 (de
Inventor
José Óscar Andaluz Sorlí
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gorlan Team SL
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Gorlan Team SL
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Publication date
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Priority to EP15382143.4A priority Critical patent/EP3073501B1/de
Priority to ES15382143.4T priority patent/ES2637193T3/es
Priority to PCT/ES2016/070201 priority patent/WO2016151175A1/es
Publication of EP3073501A1 publication Critical patent/EP3073501A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3073501B1 publication Critical patent/EP3073501B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H15/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for actuation in opposite directions, e.g. slide switch
    • H01H15/02—Details
    • H01H15/06—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H15/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for actuation in opposite directions, e.g. slide switch
    • H01H15/02—Details
    • H01H15/04—Stationary parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/40—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/44—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding with resilient mounting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/58—Electric connections to or between contacts; Terminals

Definitions

  • the present invention refers in general to electric switches and/or circuit breaker devices, particularly adapted for quenching the electric arc generated at the contacts of a switch during opening and closing operations.
  • the invention refers to a multi-pole electric switch device operated by a rectilinearly-movable actuator, for alternatively opening and closing the electric connection of the poles of the switch.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a multiple-pole lineal switch which is cheaper and easier to manufacture compared with prior art devices, and which at the same time is capable of more efficiently quenching or extinguishing electric arcs originated during transient current interruption and closing operations.
  • Mechanical switches are devices used to connect and disconnect a load from an electric power source, and are based on applying an external force which moves several moving contacts with respect to other fixed contacts, such that when the circuit is to be closed, the moving contacts come into contact with the fixed contacts, forming the connection between load and a power source thereby allowing current circulation.
  • the opposite process corresponds to the movement of the moving contacts with respect to the fixed contacts, such that these moving contacts move away from the fixed contacts, causing the circuit to open and therefore interrupting current circulation.
  • the European patent application EP-2.667.394 A1 is an example of multi-pole lineal switch.
  • This type of switches is represented in the attached figures 1A ,B for the case of four pole switches, and comprises a first group of fixed contacts (1 a,2a,3a,4a), a second group of fixed contacts (1c,2c,3c,4c), and a group of moving contacts (1 b,2b,3b,4b) capable of moving simultaneously between an electrical open position and an electrical closure position of the switch, such as for each pole of the switch, a moving contact electrically connects a fixed contact of the first group with a fixed contact of the second group.
  • each pole of the switch is formed by a movable contact and its associated fixed contacts, for example a first pole is defined by contacts (1 a, 1 b, 1 c), a second pole is defined by contacts (2a,2b,2c) and so on.
  • Each pole may be used to open and close an individual electric line of an installation.
  • some poles are permanently connected in series in order to break the circulation of current in several cutting points, in order to simply thereby extinction of the electric arc.
  • the group of movable contacts are assembled with an actuator (5), which is rectilinearly-movable alternatively between an open position and a closed position of the switch.
  • these movable contacts are double-plate contacts, such as each movable contact (1 b,2b,3b,4b) is formed by two superimposed plates (1b',1b"),(2b',2b"),(3b',3b"),(4b',4b") respectively, such as a gap is defined between both plates, in which a contacting portion of the associated fixed contacts is tightly inserted in the closed position contacting on two surfaces respectively with the two plates, as shown in more detail in drawing 2C.
  • Electric arcs or voltaic arcs are formed during transient operations, at the contacting areas between movable and fixed contacts. Electric arcs are known to cause many problems because the heat generated during an electric arc is highly destructive. Some of these problems are: deterioration of the switch material, breakdowns and/or complete or partial destruction of electrical installations, including damage to people caused by burns or other types of injuries.
  • the present invention is defined in the attached independent claims and it overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, by providing a multi-pole lineal switch, in which the movable contacts of the same are advantageously configured and positioned, such as less material in needed for the implementation of these movable contacts, such as in addition to the reduction of the material used, the weight of the movable actuator is reduced, which in turn implies a faster movement of the actuator and an enhanced electric arc extinction capacity.
  • an aspect of the invention refers to a multi-pole lineal switch comprising a first group of at least two and preferably at least three fixed contacts, and a second group of at least three fixed contacts.
  • a rectilinearly-movable actuator made of an insulating material, is provided in the switch to operate the same by alternatively between an open position (current circulation cut-off) and a closed position (current circulation enabled) of the switch.
  • a group of at least two and preferably at least three movable contacts is assembled with the actuator for electrically connecting in the closed position of the switch, a fixed contact of the first group and a fixed contact of the second group, and for disconnecting those fixed contacts in the open position. Therefore, the switch of the invention has at least three poles, wherein each pole is formed by a movable contact and its two associated fixed contacts, one of the first group and another form the second group.
  • Each of said fixed contacts of the first and second groups have preferably only one contacting surface for contacting with their associated movable contact.
  • the switch of the invention is characterized by the configuration of at least three of its movable contacts, and by the relative arrangement between the movable contacts and fixed contacts.
  • each of said three movable contacts is formed by (or consist of) only one metallic plate, so that these movable contacts may be referred as single-plate contacts, which preferably are flat and have upper and lower surfaces.
  • a technical effects associated to this feature are that less material is used for manufacturing the switch, the overall weight of the actuator is reduced, and the switching capabilities are enhanced.
  • a weight reduction of the actuator up to 25% to 40% can be achieved with the invention, depending of the type of switch.
  • Some advantages of the invention are that manufacturing costs and production times are thereby reduced. Additionally, environmental impacts are significantly reduced due to the reduction in the use of row materials, as well as the pollution caused during transportation of the switches is also reduced.
  • the actuator is conventionally moved by an external actuation device based on a spring or similar elastic element, wherein the energy of a compressed spring is used to move the actuator upon releasing the spring.
  • the weight reduction of the actuator involves an additional advantage, since the actuator is now lighter, the actuation device with the same energy, has to move less mass or weight, which result in that the actuator is accelerated faster, and the electric arcs generated at the cutting areas, are extinguished earlier. To this effect, also contribute the fact that due to the single-plate movable contact, the friction between the movable and fixed contacts is reduced, and the actuator can be accelerated even faster.
  • An additional feature of the invention refers to the relative arrangement between these three movable single-plate contacts and the fixed contacts. According to the invention, the relative position between the movable single-plate contact and the fixed contacts of a pole of the switch, alternate from one pole to the adjacent or consecutive ones.
  • the movable single-plate contacts are positioned either above or below its associated fixed contact of the same pole, and the at least three movable single-plate contacts and the fixed contacts of the first and second groups are positioned in the switch, such as the (upper or lower) surface of a movable single-plate contact which is contacted by associated fixed contacts, alternate from one movable single-plate contacts to the adjacent or consecutive ones. For example, if in one pole the movable single-plate contact is placed over its associated fixed contacts, in the adjacent or adjacent poles formed by movable single-plate contacts, the movable single-plate contact is placed under the respective fixed contacts
  • Figures 3 and 5 show a preferred embodiment of a multi-pole switch (6) according to the invention, in this case a four-pole switch, comprising an actuator (5) made of an insulating material, adapted and arranged in the switch to move in a rectilineal phasion along axis (X) and alternatively between an open position ( figure 5 ) and a closed position ( figure 3 ) of the switch.
  • an actuator (5) made of an insulating material, adapted and arranged in the switch to move in a rectilineal phasion along axis (X) and alternatively between an open position ( figure 5 ) and a closed position ( figure 3 ) of the switch.
  • the actuator (5) has generally rectangular prismatic configuration having four lateral sides, two lateral sides (5a,5b) and top and bottom sides (5c,5d).
  • a group of three moving single-plate contacts (2b,3b,4b) are assembled with the actuator (5) and are longitudinally arranged in the same, wherein each of these movable single-plate contacts (2b,3b,4b) consist of a substantially flat metal plate having upper and lower surfaces.
  • the two ends of these moving single-plate contacts (2b,3b,4b) protrudes respectively through the lateral sides (5a,5b) of the actuator (5).
  • the switch (6) further comprises a first group of fixed contacts (2a,3a,4a) arranged at one lateral side (5b) of the actuator, and a second group fixed contacts (2c,3c,4c) arranged at the opposite lateral side (5a), such as the actuator (5) is placed between the first and the second groups of fixed contacts.
  • the fixed contacts are fitted at fixed position of a housing (7) of the switch (shown in figure 5 ).
  • each moving single-plate contact electrically connects in the closed position of the switch, a fixed contact of the first group and a fixed contact of the second group. Therefore, each pole of the switch is formed by a movable contact and its associated fixed contacts, for example a first pole is defined by contacts (1a,1b,1c), a second pole is defined by contacts (2a,2b,2c), a third pole is defined by contacts (3a,3b,3c) and so on.
  • relative position between the movable single-plate contact and the fixed contacts of a pole of the switch varies from one pole to the adjacent or consecutive ones. For example, if in one pole the movable single-plate contact is placed over its associated fixed contacts, in the adjacent or adjacent poles formed by movable single-plate contacts, the movable single-plate contact is placed under the respective fixed contacts.
  • the switch (6) of the invention may also have one or more conventional movable double-plates contacts, arranged in any position of the actuator (5).
  • the above-described alternated arrangement according to the invention refers only to the poles with movable single-plate contacts.
  • the movable contact (3b) of the intermediate pole is above the adjacent movable contacts (2b,4b).
  • the four poles of the switch have movable single-plate contacts with the alternated layout of contacts.
  • Each one of the fixed contacts of the first and second groups have a substantially flat contacting portion in the form of a plate, such as a contacting surface is defined therein for contacting with the associated movable single-plate contact.
  • these contacting portions are substantially coplanar, that is, they are all laying within the same first plane (P1) (see drawing 3A).
  • Some movable single-plate contacts (2b,4b) are also coplanar and are laying on a second plane (P2) above the first plane (P1), and some other movable single-plate contacts (1 b",3b) are also coplanar and are laying on a third plane (P3) below said first plane (P1).
  • the separation gap between said second and third planes (P2,P3) is substantially similar to the thickness of the contacting portion of the fixed contacts, (see drawing 4A).
  • Some poles of the switch can be connected in series, and for that the switch may include one or more metallic bridges (8,8'), formed as a one-piece (unitary body) "U"-shaped bridge, such as each of the two arms forms a fixed contact.
  • a first U-shaped bridge (8) have arms defining fixed contacts (3a,4a)
  • a second U-shaped bridge (8') have arms defining fixed contacts (2c,43), such as three poles of the switch with single-plate movable contacts are inter-connected in series through a U-shaped bridge, and a fourth pole (1 a,2a,3a) is not connected to the other ones.
  • the switch includes an elastic element (2e,3e,4e) for each movable single-plate contact, wherein the elastic elements are assembled with the actuator and coupled with their respective movable single-plate contact, and are arranged to urging the movable single-plate contact towards the associated fixed contacts in the closed position of the switch, in order to enhance and maintain suitable contact between the two elements.
  • the conventional two-plates movable contact (1b',1b) has respective elastic element (1e',1e").
  • Figure 8 shows another preferred embodiment of the invention, wherein the poles (2a,2b,2c), (3a,3b,3c), (4a,4b,4c) are interconnected in series, and in turn this group of poles is connected in parallel with the fourth or additional pole (1a,1b,1c).
  • This can be done for example by connecting in the embodiment of figure 5 or 7 , a fixed contact (4c) with fixed contact (1c) by means of a connection (9), and by connecting fixed contact (2a) with fixed contact (1a) of the pole (1a,1b,1c) by means of a second connection (9').
  • connections (9,9') can be implemented in different ways, for example simply by means of a wire or plate of suitable size as the one shown in figure 8 connecting the fixed contact.
  • each of these connections (9,9') consist of a single-piece metallic member (not shown), configured to have a first part to serve as a fixed contact (for example fixed contact (4c)), a second part configured to serve as another fixed contact (for example fixed contact (1c)) of the same group, and a third part connecting first and second parts.
  • the switch is configured such as the path that the moving contact of the poles interconnected in series (2a,2b,2c), (3a,3b,3c), (4a,4b,4c) must travel until contacting with its respective fixed contacts is shorter than the path that the moving contacts of the pole (1 a, 1 b, 1 c), must travel until contacting with its respective fixed contacts, such that in the electrical switch closing operation, the poles (2a,2b,2c), (3a,3b,3c), (4a,4b,4c) closes before the fourth pole (1a,1b,1c).
  • the poles interconnected in series (2a,2b,2c), (3a,3b,3c), (4a,4b,4c) are connected in the transient state, which is advantageous for interrupting the electric arc by splitting it into several interruption points, as explained above.
  • the fourth pole (1 a, 1 b, 1 c) less electrical resistance than the group of poles interconnected in series, is connected in the permanent or idle period of the switch, short-circuiting the first mechanism, such that all or almost all of the current passes through this second circuit breaker mechanism during the permanent state of the switch.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Linearer mehrpoliger Schalter (6) mit:
    einer ersten Gruppe mindestens zweier fester Kontakte (2a,3a,4a),
    einer zweiten Gruppe mindestens zweier fester Kontakte (2c,3c,4c),
    einem aus einem Isoliermaterial ausgebildeten, geradlinig bewegbaren Aktuator (5), der zwischen einer offenen Position und einer geschlossenen Position des Schalters alternierend bewegbar ist,
    einer Gruppe mindestens zweier bewegbarer Kontakte (2b,3b,4b), die derart mit dem Aktuator zusammengefügt sind, dass sie in der geschlossenen Position des Schalters einen festen Kontakt der ersten Gruppe (2a,3a,4a) und einen festen Kontakt der zweiten Gruppe (2c, 3c,4c) elektrisch miteinander verbinden, derart, dass ein Pol des Schalters (6) durch einen bewegbaren Kontakt und seine zugehörigen festen Kontakte gebildet ist,
    wobei jeder der festen Kontakte der ersten und zweiten Gruppen eine Kontaktierungsfläche zum Kontaktieren seines zugehörigen bewegbaren Kontakts aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der beiden bewegbaren Kontakte (2b,3b,4b) ein Einzel-Platten-Kontakt ist, der durch eine Metallplatte mit einer oberen und einer unteren Fläche gebildet ist, derart, dass in der geschlossenen Position des Schalters nur die obere oder die untere Fläche eines jeden der bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakte von seinen zugehörigen festen Kontakten der ersten und der zweiten Gruppe kontaktiert wird,
    und wobei die mindestens zwei bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakte (2b,3b, 4b) und die mindestens zwei festen Kontakte der ersten und der zweiten Gruppe (2a,3a,4a und 2c,3c,4c) derart angeordnet sind, dass die Fläche eines bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakts, der von dessen zugehörigen festen Kontakten kontaktiert wird, von einem bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakt zu einem benachbarten Einzel-Platten-Kontakt alterniert.
  2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, bei dem die erste Gruppe fester Kontakte mindestens drei feste Kontakte (2a,3a,4a) aufweist und die zweite Gruppe fester Kontakte mindestens drei feste Kontakte (2c,3c,4c) aufweist und die Gruppe bewegbarer Kontakte mindestens drei bewegbare Kontakte (2b,3b,4b) aufweist.
  3. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem die bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakte (2b,3b,4b) über oder unter ihrem zugehörigen festen Kontakt (2a,2c,3a,3c,4a,4c) des gleichen Pols positioniert sind, und bei dem die bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakte und die festen Kontakte der ersten und zweiten Gruppen in dem Schalter positioniert sind, derart, dass die Relativpositionen zwischen dem bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakt und den festen Kontakten eines Pols (2a-c,3a-c, 4a-c) des Schalters von einem Pol zu den beiden benachbarten Polen alternieren.
  4. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei dem jeder der festen Kontakte (2a,2c,3a,3c,4a,4c) der ersten und zweiten Gruppen derart konfiguriert ist, dass er einen im Wesentlichen flachen Kontaktierungsabschnitt (in Form einer Platte) aufweist, an welchem die Kontaktierungsfläche definiert ist, und bei dem diese Kontaktierungsabschnitte im Wesentlichen koplanar sind.
  5. Schalter nach Anspruch 4, bei dem der Trennungsspalt zwischen einer zweiten Ebene (P2), in der mindestens einer der bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakte liegt, und einer dritten Ebene (P3), in der mindestens ein weiterer der bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakte liegt, im Wesentlichen gleich der Dicke des Kontaktierungsabschnitts der festen Kontakte ist.
  6. Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem die erste Gruppe fester Kontakte an einer ersten Seite des Aktuators angeordnet ist und die zweite Gruppe fester Kontakte an einer der ersten Seite gegenüberliegenden zweiten Seite des Aktuators angeordnet ist.
  7. Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner mit mindestens einer Brücke (8',8), die als einstückiger Körper ausgebildet ist, wobei mindestens zwei feste Kontakte (2c und 3c oder 3a und 4a) der gleichen Gruppe Teile der Brücke sind, derart, dass mindestens zwei Pole des Schalters in Serie miteinander verbunden sind.
  8. Schalter nach Anspruch 7, bei dem die Brücke (8',8) U-förmig ist.
  9. Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit mindestens vier Polen mit bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakten (1b",2b,3b,4b).
  10. Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner mit einem elastischen Element (1e,2e,3e,4e) für jeden bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakt, wobei die elastischen Elemente mit dem Aktuator (5) zusammengefügt und mit ihrem jeweiligen bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakt gekoppelt sind, und derart angeordnet sind, dass sie in der geschlossenen Position des Schalters (6) den bewegbaren Einzel-Platten-Kontakt zu den zughörigen festen Kontakten hin drücken.
  11. Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit zwei oder mehr Polen (2a-c,3a-c,4a-c), die in Serie miteinander verbunden sind, und wobei diese Gruppe von Polen mit einem zusätzlichen Pol (1a-c) parallelgeschaltet ist.
  12. Schalter nach Anspruch 11, wobei der Schalter derart konfiguriert ist, dass der Weg, den der bewegbare Kontakt der in Serie miteinander verbundenen Pole (2a,2b,2c),(3a,3b,3c),(4a,4b,4c) zurücklegen muss, bis er seine jeweiligen festen Kontakte kontaktiert, kürzer ist als der Weg, den die bewegbaren Kontakte des zusätzlichen Pols (1a,1b,1c) zurücklegen müssen, bis sie dessen jeweilige feste Kontakte kontaktieren, derart, dass bei dem Schließvorgang des elektrischen Schalters die in Serie miteinander verbundenen Pole früher als der zusätzliche Pol geschlossen werden.
EP15382143.4A 2015-03-25 2015-03-25 Linearer mehrpoliger schalter Active EP3073501B1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15382143.4A EP3073501B1 (de) 2015-03-25 2015-03-25 Linearer mehrpoliger schalter
ES15382143.4T ES2637193T3 (es) 2015-03-25 2015-03-25 Conmutador lineal multipolar
PCT/ES2016/070201 WO2016151175A1 (es) 2015-03-25 2016-03-22 Conmutador eléctrico lineal de polos múltiples

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15382143.4A EP3073501B1 (de) 2015-03-25 2015-03-25 Linearer mehrpoliger schalter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3073501A1 EP3073501A1 (de) 2016-09-28
EP3073501B1 true EP3073501B1 (de) 2017-05-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15382143.4A Active EP3073501B1 (de) 2015-03-25 2015-03-25 Linearer mehrpoliger schalter

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3073501B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2637193T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2016151175A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB926705A (en) * 1960-12-08 1963-05-22 Morecambe Electrical Equipment Improvements in and relating to isolating electric switches
US4778961A (en) * 1987-11-16 1988-10-18 General Electric Company Compact electric safety switch
EP2667394B1 (de) 2012-05-22 2016-04-27 Gorlan Team, S.L.U. Mehrpoliger Schalter und/oder Trennschalter für Niederspannung

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ES2637193T3 (es) 2017-10-11
WO2016151175A1 (es) 2016-09-29
EP3073501A1 (de) 2016-09-28

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