EP2876659B1 - Schalter mit zwei Sätzen an Kontaktelementen - Google Patents

Schalter mit zwei Sätzen an Kontaktelementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2876659B1
EP2876659B1 EP13194430.8A EP13194430A EP2876659B1 EP 2876659 B1 EP2876659 B1 EP 2876659B1 EP 13194430 A EP13194430 A EP 13194430A EP 2876659 B1 EP2876659 B1 EP 2876659B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
contact
switch
terminal
conducting
Prior art date
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EP13194430.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2876659A1 (de
Inventor
Christoph KOLLER
Ueli Steiger
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ABB Schweiz AG
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ABB Schweiz AG
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Priority to EP13194430.8A priority Critical patent/EP2876659B1/de
Priority to CN201410703413.6A priority patent/CN104681313B/zh
Publication of EP2876659A1 publication Critical patent/EP2876659A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2876659B1 publication Critical patent/EP2876659B1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/14—Multiple main contacts for the purpose of dividing the current through, or potential drop along, the arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/36—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by sliding
    • H01H1/365—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high or medium voltage switch, particularly a DC switch, comprising a first and a second set of contact elements that are mutually displaceable.
  • the invention also relates to a current breaker comprising such a switch.
  • a switch of this type is disclosed for example in the co-owned United States patents and published patent applications US7235751 , US2012/0256711 , and US2013/0098874 . It has a first and a second set of contact elements and a drive adapted to mutually displace the contact elements along a displacement direction. Each contact element carries at least one conducting element. In a first mutual position of the contact elements, their conducting elements combine to form at least one conducting path between the first and second terminals of the switch in a direction transversally to the displacement direction. In a second position of the contact elements, the conducting elements are mutually displaced into staggered positions and therefore the above conducting path is interrupted.
  • the switches described in US2012/0256711 , and US2013/0098874 have contact elements with an insulating carrier carrying conducting elements.
  • the conducting elements align to form one or more current paths between the terminals of the switch along an axial direction.
  • the contact elements are mutually displaced by means of two drives along a direction perpendicular to the axial direction.
  • the switching arrangement is arranged in a fluid-tight housing in a gas of elevated pressure or in a liquid.
  • the switch has a high voltage withstand capability and fast switching times.
  • the conducting element projects laterally over the two opposite surfaces of the carrier that carries it and is slightly movable in axial direction in respect to the carrier that carries it and/or it is slightly tiltable around a tilt axis, wherein said tilt axis is perpendicular to the axial direction and to the direction of displacement.
  • Each terminal forms a contact surface for contacting the conducting elements on the outer contact elements, wherein at least one of the terminals comprises a spring member that elastically urges the contact surface of the terminal against the conducting elements.
  • the switch has at least a first and a second terminal for applying the current to be switched and at least a first set of contact elements and a second set of contact elements and a drive adapted to mutually displace the sets of contact elements relatively to each other along a displacement direction with each contact element including an insulating carrier or carrier frame that carries at least one conducting element with the positions of the conducting elements being such that in a first mutual position of the contact elements the conducting elements form at least one conducting path between the first terminal and the second terminal, i.e., the switch is in the closed, conducting position; and in a second mutual position of the contact elements the conducting elements are mutually displaced such that there is no conducting path formed by the conducting elements between the first terminal and the second terminal, i.e., the switch is in its opened, non-conducting position and wherein each contact element is contour-guided to move along a defined displacement path reducing or increasing the distance in axial direction between the conducting elements of neighboring contact elements during closing and opening, respectively,
  • the guiding contours are shaped such that a gap (in the axial direction) between the conducting elements of neighboring contact elements is maintained while the conducting elements overlap partially in displacement direction.
  • the contour-guidance can be provided by either external guiding elements such as rails onto which or between which the contact elements are mounted or by insulating lateral spacer elements mounted onto the contact elements or by a combination of such elements.
  • the outer contours of the spacer elements are shaped so as to introduce a small defined displacement path in axial direction, which the conducting elements onto which the spacer elements are mounted follow during closing and opening of the switch.
  • the spacer elements when in full contact, increase slightly the spacing between the neighboring contact elements compared to the same spacing in the first mutual position (when the switch is closed).
  • the combined maximal lateral extension of spacer elements in axial direction between two neighboring contact elements measured as (perpendicular) elevation out of two reference planes oriented parallel to the displacement direction D is slightly larger than the same combined maximal lateral extension of the conducting elements of the same pair of contact elements.
  • the spacer elements remain in contact even during the transitions from the open to the close position and vice versa. It is particularly preferred with regard to the closing operation that the spacers remain in contact even when the neighboring conducting elements already overlap partially (in direction of the displacement) and thus maintain a gap in axial direction between them.
  • each set of contact elements has during closing and opening a slightly larger lateral spread in axial direction than in the first position where the conducting elements are in contact with each other.
  • the conducting elements "fall” or , more accurately, are guided with their flat contact faces against each other at the final stage of the closing of the switch as the guiding spacer elements separate from each other. This is seen as an advantage of the spacer elements.
  • each spacer element includes best a slightly sloped face or chamfer edge with a sloping angle away from the displacement direction of less than 10° or even less than 5°.
  • the conduction elements on the neighboring contact elements overlap already (in displacement direction) such that they come into first contact with an axial motion bringing into contact their mutually parallel oriented flat faces.
  • the conducting elements make first contact at the closing of the switch with their respective corners or edges.
  • the spacer elements In principle it is possible to arrange the spacer elements at any position along a contact element. To avoid larger flexing or bending movements of the contact elements in transition, it is however preferred to position the spacer elements close to the conducting elements, best on one or both sides of a conducting element in (direction of line perpendicular to both, the axial direction and the displacement direction, i.e. the tilting axis of the conducting elements. This direction is typically the direction in which the conducting elements have their longest elongation.
  • the spacer elements are best fitted to the contact elements by a connection which is free of glue or other materials.
  • the preferred fitting is a form fit with the form fit including fits such as interference fit or a snap fit.
  • the spacer elements are best made of an electrically insulating material such as a hard plastic material with a low friction coefficient to avoid larger loads on the drive which closes and separates the contact elements.
  • Suitable materials include PTFE, PEEK or crystalline PET or compositions thereof
  • each conducting element is slightly movable in axial direction in respect to the carrier that carries it and/or it is slightly tiltable around the tilting axis as defined above. This allows the conducting element to axially position itself accurately with the contact faces parallel oriented, when the switch is in its first, closed position, thereby improving current conduction.
  • each terminal extends into a contact plate with a contact surface for contacting the conducting elements, wherein at least one of the terminals comprises a spring member that elastically urges the contact face of the terminal against the conducting elements of the outer contact element. This ensures a proper contacting force between the conducting elements themselves and between the conducting elements and the contact surfaces of the contact plate. This is particularly advantageous when the contact elements themselves are flexible or movable in axial direction since the forces between all the conducting elements in a current path become substantially equal.
  • the spacer elements make contact with a terminal or any extension thereof, such as the contact plate referred to above, at a recess which is less exposed to the electrical fields inside the switch than the contact surface for the conducting elements on the same terminal.
  • a terminal or any extension thereof such as the contact plate referred to above
  • the drive (or drives, if there is more than one) are advantageously arranged within the housing, thus obviating the need for mechanical bushings.
  • the switch is advantageously used in high DC voltage applications (i.e. for voltages above 72 kV), but it can also be used for medium DC voltage applications (between some kV and 72 kV).
  • the switch of Fig. 1 includes a fluid-tight housing 1 enclosing a space 2 filled with an insulating fluid, in particular SF 6 or air at elevated pressure or an oil.
  • Housing 1 forms a GIS-type metallic enclosure of manifold type and comprises two tube sections.
  • a first tube section 3 extends along an axial direction A, and a second tube section 4 extends along a direction D, which is called the displacement direction for reasons that will become apparent below.
  • Axial direction A is perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to displacement direction D.
  • the tube sections are formed by a substantially cross-shaped housing section 5.
  • First tube section 3 ends in first and second support insulators 6 and 7, respectively.
  • First support insulator 6 carries a first terminal 8 and second support insulator 7 carries a second terminal 9 of the switch.
  • the two terminals 8, 9 extending through the support insulators 6, 7 carry the current through the switch, substantially along axial direction A.
  • Second tube section 4 ends in a first and a second cap 10 and 11, respectively.
  • First terminal 8 and second terminal 9 extend towards a center of space 2 and end at a distance from each other, with a switching arrangement 12 located between them, at the intersection region of first tube section 3 with second tube section 4.
  • switching arrangement 12 comprises a first set of contact elements 13a, 13b, 13c and a second set of contact elements 14a, 14b, 14c.
  • each set comprises three contact elements, but that number may vary, and, for example, be two or more than three.
  • the first and second set may also have different numbers of contact elements, e.g. two and three, respectively.
  • the number is at least two contact elements per set.
  • the contact elements of the two sets are stacked alternatingly, i.e. each contact element of one set is adjacent to two contact elements of the other set unless it is located at the end of switching arrangement 12, in which case it is located between one contact element of the other set and one of the terminals 8, 9.
  • Each contact element comprises a plate-shaped insulating carrier part 15, one or more conducting elements 16 and an actuator rod 17.
  • each carrier part 15 carries two conducting elements 16.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 show the switch in the closed state with the contact elements 13a, 13b, 13c, 14a, 14b, 14c in a first mutual position, where the conducting elements 16 align to form two conducting paths 34 along axial direction A between the first and the second terminals 8, 9.
  • the conducting paths 34 carry the current between the terminals 8, 9. Their number can be greater than one in order to increase continuous current carrying capability.
  • an arrangement with three conducting elements 16 in each insulating carrier part 15 leads to three conducting paths 34 when the switch is closed.
  • the contact elements 13a, 13b, 13c, 14a, 14b, 14c are moved in operation along the displacement direction D into a second position, where the conducting elements 16 are staggered in respect to each other and do not form a conducting path.
  • Fig. 2 the position of the conducting elements in this second position is shown in dotted lines under reference number 16'.
  • the conducting elements 16' are now separated from each other along direction D, thereby creating several contact gaps (two times the number of contact elements 13, 14), thereby quickly providing a high dielectric withstand level.
  • the actuator rods 17 are connected to two drives 18, 19.
  • a first drive 18 is connected to the actuator rods 17 of the first set of contact elements 13a, 13b, 13c, and a second drive 19 is connected to the actuator rods 17 of the second set of contact elements 14a, 14b, 14c.
  • the switch is opened by pulling the actuator rods 17 away from the center of the switch, thereby bringing the conducting elements into their second, staggered position.
  • the rods 17 can be pushed towards the center of the switch, which also allows to bring the conducting elements into a staggered position.
  • the drives 18, 19 can e.g. operate on the repulsive Lorentz-force principle and be of the type disclosed in US 7 235 751 , and they are therefore not described in detail herein.
  • Each drive is able to displace one set of contact elements along the displacement direction D. They are adapted and controlled to move the first and second sets in opposite directions at the same time in order to increase the travelling length and speed of displacement.
  • the drives 18, 19 are arranged in opposite end regions of second tube section 4.
  • the full stroke (e.g. 20 mm per drive) of the drives may not be necessary to travel in order for the contact system to provide the dielectric strength required, but a distance much shorter (e.g. 10 mm per drive), which can be reached in an even shorter time, suffices. This also provides certain safety in case of backtravel upon reaching the end-of-stroke position and damping phase of the actuators. A sufficient separation of the conducting elements 16 can be reached within 1 or 2 ms (milliseconds).
  • each terminal 8, 9 carries a contact plate 32 forming a contact surface 33 contacting the conducting elements 16 when the switch is in its first position.
  • the contact plates 32 are mounted to the terminals 8, 9 in axially displaceable manner, with springs 20 elastically urging the contact surface 33 against the conducting elements, thereby compressing the conducting elements 16 in their aligned state for better conduction.
  • helical compression springs 20 are used for this purpose, but other types of spring members can be used as well. Also, even though it is advantageous if there is at least one spring member in each terminal 8, 9, a compression force for the aligned conducting elements 16 can also be generated by means of a spring member(s) in only one of the terminals 8, 9.
  • a contact element includes a carrier part 15 forming a frame structure and the solid actuator rod 17.
  • both parts are made of a homogenous material (e.g. a fiber reinforced epoxy material) in one piece.
  • the carrier part 15 has a frame structure with cut-out sections or recesses 151, 152 to mount further elements such as spacer elements 40 to be described below and/or conducting elements 16.
  • the carrier part 15 has further a central opening 153 and further cut-out sections at one end to reduce the mass which has to be accelerated at each operation of the switch without reducing the mechanical stability unduly.
  • FIG. 3B An enlarged section of the carrier part 15 is shown in FIG. 3B as referred to below.
  • This section includes a recess or slot 151 for the insertion of spacer elements 40 as described in more detail in the following.
  • FIG. 4A is a top view of a spacer element 40 for insertion into the carrier part 15 of a contact element.
  • the spacer element 40 has an essentially rectangular cross-section with slots 41 on two sides.
  • the corners of the spacer element are chamfered providing at least one plane 42 with a sloping angle of about 4° towards the plane of the carrier part 15 or the displacement direction D as indicated by the dashed lines.
  • the other corners are also shown chamfered but at a higher chamfer or sloping angle of about 15°. Both planes are also shown in the side view of the spacer element 40 of FIG. 4B .
  • FIG. 3B showing an enlarged section of FIG. 3A illustrates the spacer element 40 after assembly within the recess 151 being held in place by interference fit and by a snap fit with the jaws of the undercut sections of the recess 151 locking onto the spacer element.
  • the elevation of the spacer element in direction of the axis A (and hence out of the plane of the carrier part 15 or any other reference plane parallel to the direction of the displacement) is at its maximum slightly larger than the maximal elevation of the conducting elements 16 in the same direction.
  • the maximal elevation of both, the spacer element and the conducting element in the example shown is assumed, respectively, at the location of their flat contact surfaces oriented parallel to the plane of the carrier part 15.
  • the contact face of the spacer element can also be contoured as a continuously sloping face, e.g. by extending the slope 42 across the whole length of the spacer element, such a maximum elevation can be assumed at a different point, e.g., at the end of such a continuous sloping surface.
  • the length and angle of the sloping plane 42 and the position of the spacer element 40 relative to the conducting element 16 of the same carrier part 15 are chosen such that there is no contact between adjacent spacer elements 40 only at a position where the respective juxtaposed flat sections of the faces of the conducting elements 16 of neighboring contact elements overlap partially.
  • the point at which the elevation of the spacer elements and the maximal elevation of the conducting elements are equal is a point on the sloping plane 42.
  • the spacer elements 40 of neighboring contact elements remain in contact and separate their respective conducting elements 16 even when the contact surface of these conducting elements 16 already overlap partially along the displacement direction D.
  • FIGs. 5A and 5B show an enlarged section of the switch at the location of two neighboring contact elements 13a, 14a.
  • FIG. 5A the two adjacent contact elements 13a, 14a are shown in a position in which the switch is closed. In this position the plane flat faces of the conducting elements 16 are in contact which each other, while the chamfer or sloping planes 42 of the spacer elements 40 is just sufficient to separate the spacer elements 40 in this first mutual position of the contact elements 13a, 14a (and of the switch).
  • the contact elements 13a, 14a are pushed together or pulled apart, respectively, along the general direction D.
  • the conducting elements 16 are separated.
  • the elevations are elevations in axial direction A shown as perpendicular to the direction D and in the paper plane.
  • This point of equal elevation is at a mutual position of the two neighboring contact elements 13a, 14a, at which at least the opposite edges of the conducting elements 16 already overlap (when projected onto a line parallel to the displacement direction D).
  • the adjacent spacer elements 40 either lose contact or come into contact at some upper part of the sloping plane 42. Depending on the operation of the switch they are either separated (when closing the switch) and the conducting elements 16 slip into contact along their flat faces or the spacer elements 40 continue to glide along the slopes 42 until a final (open) position, in which the two adjacent flat sides of the spacer elements 40 form the only contact between the two contact elements 13a,14a, is reached.
  • This position representing the open position of the switch is shown in FIG. 5B , where the spacer elements 40 are in contact with the mutual flat faces while the conducting elements 16' are separated.
  • the two adjacent contact elements 13a, 14a are in contact throughout the complete travel between open and closed positions.
  • the contact is provided by the conducting elements 16.
  • the spacer elements 40 In the open state and during most of the transition or travel between open and closed position the contact is provided by the spacer elements 40.
  • the sloping planes 42 on the spacer elements 40 ensure that the transition between open and closed state happens rapidly with either a late contact or an early separation through a movement in axial direction in combination with the displacement in displacement direction D such that the conducting elements 16 make either or lose contact along the flat faces and not after their respective edges have passed each other.
  • the slope or chamfer angle of the sloping face 42 is very acute (typically below 5°) so as to keep the accelerating force in axial direction A on the contact elements and contact plates 33 of the terminals 8,9 as small as possible.
  • FIG. 6 A full cross-section of a switch in the region of the contact elements in accordance with an example of the invention is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the conducting elements 16 and spacer elements 40 are mounted onto the contact elements.
  • each terminal 8, 9 carries at its end a contact plate 32 forming a contact surface 33 contacting the conducting elements 16 of the adjacent contact elements 14a, 13c when the switch is in its first position.
  • the contact plates 32 are mounted to the terminals 8,9 in axially displaceable manner, with springs 20 (not shown in FIG. 6 ) elastically urging the contact surface 33 against the conducting elements 16, thereby compressing the conducting elements 16 in their aligned state for better conduction.
  • the conducting elements 16 of neighboring contact elements come into or lose contact with each other, as soon as the spacer elements 40 lose contact or come into contact, respectively, with each other.
  • the angle at which the side of spacer elements engage with cam contact surface 33' is again acute (about 5 °).
  • the spacer elements form an electrically insulating but force-transmitting path between the two contact plates 32 much like the conducting elements 16 provide an electrically conducting but force-transmitting path 34 as shown in FIG. 2 above.
  • any acceleration or flexing in axial direction A of the contact elements by the contact plates 32 and the springs 20 is minimized.
  • the point or line T at which a spacer elements 40 contacts the metal contact plate 32 is a triple point where a solid insulating material meets a metal material and a gas or fluid.
  • This triple point/line T is protected by locating the recessed cam contact surface 33' between the adjacent spacer element 40 and the contact plate 32 in a recess (compared with the more elevated contact surface 33 for the conducting elements 16).
  • the triple point T is less exposed to the electric field in the switch than the contact surface 33.
  • the spacer elements 40 of the contact elements 14a, 13c have a larger lateral extension on the side facing a terminal 8, 9 than on the side facing the adjacent contact element 14a,13c.
  • the location of the spacer elements can be in principle chosen freely along the length of the contact elements, even including the activation rods. However a position close to the conducting elements 16 as shown in the examples above is preferred as it reduces the lever over which the springloaded terminals 8,9 can exert a bending force on the contact elements. For the same reason it is advantageous to use the spacer elements as pairs located on opposite sides of a conducting element and best with at least a part of the spacer element overlapping the conducting element on the contact element along the direction D as shown in the figures. However, spacer elements of adjacent contact elements need not be identical and in an extreme example one spacer element can bridge the entire gap between two contact elements and glide along a shaped contour on the carrier's surface.
  • the spacer elements are best not glued, welded, or screwed into the contact element but held solely by form fit which includes an interference fit and a snap fit provided by the undercuts with the resulting jaws locking the spacer element in place (see for example FIGs. 3A and 3B .
  • the spacer elements can be made of any robust insulating material, for example PEEK.
  • the spacer elements are an integral, homogeneous part of the contact elements and appear just as locally thickened sections of the contact element, particularly of the carrier.
  • a switch with spacer elements as described above has applications for example in a high voltage circuit breaker as illustrated in the FIG. 5 and described in the accompanying text of US 2013/0098874 .
  • the switch is connected in series with solid state breakers and in parallel with a second set of solid state breakers.

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Hoch- oder Mittelspannungsschalter, der Folgendes umfasst:
    einen ersten Anschluss (8) und einen zweiten Anschluss (9),
    eine erste Gruppe von Kontaktelementen (13a, 13b, 13c) und eine zweite Gruppe von Kontaktelementen (14a, 14b, 14c), die zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (8) und dem zweiten Anschluss (9) angeordnet sind,
    mindestens eine Ansteuereinheit (18, 19), die ausgelegt ist, die Gruppen von Kontaktelementen (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) entlang einer Verschiebungsrichtung (D) beidseitig zu verschieben,
    wobei jedes Kontaktelement (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) eine isolierende Trägerkomponente (15) umfasst, die mindestens ein leitendes Element (16) trägt, und
    wobei die leitenden Elemente (16) der Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) in einer ersten beidseitigen Position der Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) in einer axialen Richtung (A) zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (8) und dem zweiten Anschluss (9) in einer Richtung, die zur Verschiebungsrichtung (D) quer gerichtet ist, mindestens einen leitenden Pfad (34) bilden und wobei die leitenden Elemente (16) in einer zweiten beidseitigen Position der Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) beidseitig verschoben sind und den leitenden Pfad nicht bilden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) konturgeführt sind, um sich während des Schließens und des Öffnens des Schalters entlang eines definierten Verschiebungswegs zu bewegen, wobei der Abstand zwischen den leitenden Elementen (16) der benachbarten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) in axialer Richtung verringert oder vergrößert wird.
  2. Schalter nach Anspruch 1, wobei die führenden Konturen derart geformt sind, dass in axialer Richtung (A) eine Lücke zwischen den leitenden Elementen (16) der benachbarten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) aufrechterhalten wird, während die leitenden Elemente (16) der benachbarten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) in Verschiebungsrichtung (D) teilweise überlappen.
  3. Schalter nach Anspruch 1 oder Anspruch 2, wobei die ersten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c) erste Abstandselemente (40) umfassen und die zweiten Kontaktelemente (14a, 14b, 14c) zweite Abstandselemente (40) umfassen, wobei die Konturen der Abstandselemente (40) der benachbarten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) die Konturführung bereitstellen.
  4. Schalter nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Abstandselemente der benachbarten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) miteinander in Kontakt bleiben, wenn die Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) sich in der zweiten beidseitigen Position befinden.
  5. Schalter nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, wobei die Abstandselemente (40) der benachbarten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) in Kontakt sind, während die leitenden Elemente (16) der benachbarten Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) entlang der Verschiebungsrichtung (D) teilweise überlappen.
  6. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, wobei die zusammengesetzte, maximale, seitliche Ausdehnung der Abstandselemente (40) zwischen zwei benachbarten Kontaktelementen (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) in axialer Richtung (A) die zusammengesetzte, maximale, seitliche Ausdehnung der leitenden Elemente (16) in axialer Richtung (A) zwischen denselben zwei benachbarten Kontaktelementen (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) geringfügig übersteigt.
  7. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, wobei die Abstandselemente (40) aus einem isolierenden Material hergestellt sind.
  8. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, wobei die Abstandselemente (40) aus einem Material hergestellt sind, das von dem umgebenden Material der Kontaktelemente (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) verschieden ist, und durch einen Formschluss mit den Kontaktelementen verbunden sind.
  9. Schalter nach Anspruch 8, wobei das Abstandselement (40) zwei ausgerichtete Schlitze (41) auf entgegengesetzten Seiten aufweist und das Kontaktelement (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) Vertiefungen (151) aufweist, in denen das Abstandselement (40) befestigt wird, wobei eine Breite der Schlitze (41) zur Dicke des Kontaktelements passt.
  10. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 9, wobei die Abstandselemente (40) in der zweiten beidseitigen Position eine Kraftübertragungsbrücke zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (8) und dem zweiten Anschluss (9) bilden, wobei sie einen Abstand zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (8) und dem zweiten Anschluss (9) aufrechterhalten, der den Abstand zwischen dem ersten Anschluss (8) und dem zweiten Anschluss (9) in der ersten beidseitigen Position um einen kleinen Betrag überschreitet.
  11. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 10, wobei jedes Kontaktelement (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) einen verlängerten Aktuatorstab (17), der die Verbindung zwischen der Ansteuereinheit (18, 19) und einer Trägerkomponente (15), auf der die leitenden Elemente (16) und die Abstandselemente (40) befestigt sind, bereitstellt, umfasst.
  12. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, wobei die Abstandselemente (40) auf dem Kontaktelement (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) in der Umgebung des leitenden Elements (16) auf demselben Kontaktelement (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) angeordnet sind.
  13. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 12, wobei jedes leitende Element (16) in einer Richtung, die zur axialen Richtung (A) senkrecht ist und die zur Verschiebungsrichtung (D) senkrecht ist, zwischen zwei Abstandelementen (40) auf demselben Kontaktelement (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) angeordnet ist.
  14. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 13, wobei zwei benachbarte Abstandselemente (40) auf zwei benachbarten Kontaktelementen (13a, 13b, 13c; 14a, 14b, 14c) einander in einem Übergang zwischen der ersten beidseitigen Position und der zweiten beidseitigen Position und umgekehrt zuerst an jeweiligen Flächen (42) kontaktieren, die jede einen spitzen Neigungswinkel von weniger als 10° in Bezug auf die Verschiebungsrichtung (D) aufweisen.
  15. Schalter nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 14, wobei die neben dem ersten Anschluss (8) und dem zweiten Anschluss (9) stehenden Kontaktelemente (13a, 14c) Abstandselemente (40) tragen, die eine größere seitliche Ausdehnung in axialer Richtung (A) auf den ersten Anschluss (8) und in axialer Richtung (A) auf den zweiten Anschluss (9) als die leitenden Elemente (16) auf denselben Kontaktelementen (13a, 14c) aufweisen und jeweils eine Nockenfläche (33') des ersten Anschlusses (8) und des zweiten Anschlusses (9) kontaktieren, wobei die Nockenfläche (33') verglichen mit einer Kontaktfläche (33) zum Kontaktieren der leitenden Elemente (16) auf demselben Anschluss (8, 9) in axialer Richtung (A) abgesetzt ist.
  16. Schalter nach Anspruch 15, wobei sich jeder Anschluss (8, 9) in axialer Richtung (A) in die Kontaktfläche (33) zum Kontaktieren der leitenden Elemente (16) und in die abgesetzte Nockenfläche (33') für die Abstandselemente (40) auf den danebenstehenden Kontaktelementen (13a, 14c) erstreckt und wobei mindestens ein Anschluss (8, 9) ein Federelement (20), das die Kontaktfläche (33) des Anschlusses (8, 9) elastisch gegen die leitenden Elemente (16) drückt, wenn sich die Kontaktflächenkomponente (33) in der ersten beidseitigen Position befindet, und das während der Übergänge zwischen der ersten und der zweiten beidseitigen Position und/oder in der zweiten beidseitigen Position mit der abgesetzten Nockenfläche (33') gegen die Abstandselemente (40) drückt, umfasst.
  17. Stromunterbrecher, der den Schalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst, wobei der Stromunterbrecher ferner Folgendes umfasst:
    einen Primärzweig und einen Sekundärzweig, die parallelgeschaltet sind,
    mindestens eine Festkörperunterbrecher, der im Primärzweig angeordnet ist,
    mehrere Festkörperunterbrecher, die im Sekundärzweig in Reihe geschaltet sind,
    wobei eine Anzahl von Festkörperunterbrechern im Sekundärzweig größer als eine Anzahl von Festkörperunterbrechern im Primärzweig ist und wobei der Schalter im Primärzweig in Reihe mit dem Festkörperunterbrecher des Primärzweigs geschaltet ist.
EP13194430.8A 2013-11-26 2013-11-26 Schalter mit zwei Sätzen an Kontaktelementen Active EP2876659B1 (de)

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CN201410703413.6A CN104681313B (zh) 2013-11-26 2014-11-26 具有两组接触元件的开关

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FR3039924B1 (fr) 2015-08-07 2019-05-10 Supergrid Institute Appareil de coupure mecanique d'un circuit electrique
CN108074756A (zh) * 2018-01-17 2018-05-25 安徽中骄智能科技有限公司 一种基于推进式滑动调节的密封式电触头结构装置
WO2023212919A1 (en) * 2022-05-06 2023-11-09 Abb Schweiz Ag Disconnector and disconnector system

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DE1229170B (de) * 1964-11-11 1966-11-24 Reinhausen Kg Maschf Kontaktanordnung fuer stromlos unterbrechende Schalter
SE518234C2 (sv) * 2001-01-11 2002-09-10 Abb Ab Elektrisk anordning, strömbegränsare, elkraftnät samt användning av en strömbegränsare
EP2511928B1 (de) * 2011-04-11 2018-10-03 ABB Schweiz AG Schalter mit zwei Sätzen an Kontaktelementen und zwei Ansteuerungen
EP2511927B1 (de) * 2011-04-11 2018-08-29 ABB Schweiz AG Schalter mit zwei Sätzen an Kontaktelementen
EP2546848B1 (de) * 2011-07-14 2014-09-03 ABB Technology AG Schnellschalter mit nicht kreisförmiger Thomson-Spule

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