Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
  • D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
  • D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
  • D07B1/066—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being made from special alloy or special steel composition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C9/0007—Reinforcements made of metallic elements, e.g. cords, yarns, filaments or fibres made from metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
  • C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
  • C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
  • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
  • C22C—ALLOYS
  • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
  • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
  • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
  • C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
  • B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
  • B60C2009/0071—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres characterised by special physical properties of the reinforcements
  • B60C2009/0085—Tensile strength
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
  • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
  • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
  • C21D2211/009—Pearlite
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
  • D07B2205/3035—Pearlite
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
  • D07B2205/3042—Ferrite
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
  • D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
  • D07B2205/00—Rope or cable materials
  • D07B2205/30—Inorganic materials
  • D07B2205/3021—Metals
  • D07B2205/3025—Steel
  • D07B2205/3046—Steel characterised by the carbon content
  • D07B2205/305—Steel characterised by the carbon content having a low carbon content, e.g. below 0,5 percent respectively NT wires

Definitions

• the invention relates to a wire drawing process of a steel wire and a steel wire, in particular for tire.
• a carcass reinforcement tire for example radial, comprises a tread, two inextensible beads, two flanks connecting the beads to the tread and a crown reinforcement disposed circumferentially between the carcass reinforcement and the body. tread.
• the crown and / or carcass reinforcement comprises one or more rubber plies, possibly reinforced by reinforcement elements or reinforcements such as single metal wires or metal cables coming from the assembly of several single metal wires.
• the metal reinforcements are made of steel.
• the crown reinforcement generally consists of at least two superimposed vertex plies, sometimes called “working” or “crossed” plies, whose reinforcement cables, generally metallic, are arranged substantially parallel to each other. to others within a web, but crossed from one web to another, that is to say inclined, symmetrically or otherwise, with respect to the median circumferential plane, of an angle which is generally understood between 10 ° and 45 ° depending on the type of tire.
• the crossed plies may be supplemented by various other plies or layers of auxiliary rubber, of varying widths depending on the case, with or without reinforcements.
• protection plies responsible for protecting the rest of the crown reinforcement from external aggressions, perforations, or so-called “hooping” plies comprising reinforcements oriented substantially in the circumferential direction (so-called “zero degree” plies), whether radially external or internal to the crossed plies.
• a first solution is to increase the mass ratio of steel elements, for example carbon, up to 0.9% or more, which increases the mechanical strength of the son, so to reduce the diameter and / or the density in the reinforcing plies, and thus lighten the tire.
• steel elements for example carbon
• a first uninterrupted series of wire drawing steps of a diameter D to a diameter of Thereafter, the diameter wire is heat treated by heating the wire past the austenitizing temperature of the steel and then cooling the wire at a rate to obtain a predetermined microstructure of the steel. Then a second uninterrupted series of drawing steps of the wire of diameter to a diameter d is performed.
• the method comprises a step of coating by successive deposits of a first layer of copper and a second layer of zinc and a step of thermodiffusion copper in the second layer and zinc in the first layer.
• a thermodiffusion step is carried out at about 540 ° C which can cause a globulization of the microstructure of the steel, especially when it is ferrito- pearlitic, and make the subsequent drawing steps impossible on an industrial scale.
• a second solution consists in using steels comprising a high mass content of chromium, for example described in EP0648891.
• Such steels generally called stainless steels, achieve a relatively high strength and a high resistance to corrosion due to the presence of chromium in the steel.
• the cost of stainless steels is very high due to the use of a high chromium mass rate.
• the invention aims to provide a metal reinforcement less sensitive to fatigue and corrosion, inexpensive and easy to draw on an industrial scale.
• the subject of the invention is a process for drawing a steel wire having an integrally ferritic, pearlitic or ferrito-pearlitic microstructure in which the wire has a carbon content in mass C such that 0 , 05% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.4% and a chromium content in Cr mass such as Cr ⁇ 12%, the process comprising:
• the wire used has a relatively low mass C of carbon.
• wire drawability is improved, i.e. the possibility of obtaining a relatively small diameter d from a relatively large diameter.
• the temperature of 300 ° C or less during the or each intermediate step avoids modifying the microstructure of the steel, for example by globulization, which would have the effect of preventing the subsequent drawing of the steel. wire up to its final diameter d on an industrial scale.
• the temperature of the wire may be measured by any technique known to those skilled in the art, for example by remote measurement, for example by infrared or by measurement in contact with the wire after stopping the running of the wire, for example at using a thermocouple.
• the wire performs a series of successive passes in several drawing dies, each passage in each drawing die corresponding to a drawing step. Apart from the last passage, each passage in a sector is followed directly by a passage in the chain that follows.
• the wire undergoes no steps, in particular heat treatment or coating, other than a drawing step between two drawing steps of the series. In other words, the wire undergoes no steps, in particular heat treatment or coating, between two directly successive drawing steps of the series.
• the micro-structure of the steel is integrally ferrite, perlite or a mixture of these microstructures. This microstructure is preferably observed on the diameter wire.
• the micro-structure of the steel is devoid of martensite and / or bainite.
• a ferritic-martensitic microstructure causes decohesion between the ferritic and martensitic phases, which is undesirable.
• a martensitic microstructure is not sufficiently ductile to allow wire drawing which would break too frequently.
• a ferritic, pearlitic or ferrito-pearlitic microstructure can be distinguished from another micro-structure, in particular martensitic or bainitic, by metallographic observation, preferably on the diameter wire.
• the ferritol pearlitic microstructure has ferrite grains as well as lamellar pearlitic zones.
• the martensitic micro-structure comprises slats and / or needles which those skilled in the art will be able to distinguish between ferrite-pearlitic and pearlitic micro-structures from grains and lamellae.
• the microstructure of the steel is entirely ferrito- pearlitic.
• the wire is made of steel, that is to say that it consists mainly (that is to say for more than 50% by weight) or completely (for 100% by mass) of steel such as defined in standard NF EN10020.
• a steel is a material containing more iron than any other element and with a carbon content of less than 2% and contains other alloying elements.
• the steel optionally includes other alloying elements.
• the steel is a non-alloy steel as defined in standard NF EN10020.
• the steel comprises, in addition to carbon and iron, other known alloying elements in quantities in accordance with the NF EN10020 standard.
• the steel is an alloy steel as defined in the NF EN10020 standard.
• the steel comprises, in addition to carbon and iron, other known alloying elements.
• the steel is a stainless steel as defined in the NF EN 10020 standard.
• the steel comprises at least 10.5% by weight of chromium and at most 1, 2% by mass of carbon.
• the wire has a temperature of less than or equal to 350 ° C and more preferably less than 300 ° C during the or each intermediate step. [027] According to optional features:
• - d ' is greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, preferably 1 mm and more preferably to 1.3 mm.
• the diameter of is large enough to obtain high mechanical properties by hardening the wire.
• d is less than or equal to 2.5 mm, preferably to 2.2 mm and more preferably to 2 mm.
• the diameter of is small enough to allow the work hardening to the final diameter of the wire.
• the first uninterrupted series of drawing steps of the wire of diameter D to the diameter of dry medium is carried out.
• the wire flows in a gaseous medium, for example ambient air.
• a gaseous medium for example ambient air.
• the drawing lubricant during drawing in a dry medium is in pulverulent form.
• the means of traction for example capstans, are exposed to the ambient air.
• the second uninterrupted series of wire drawing steps is carried out from the diameter of the diameter to the wet diameter.
• the wire By drawing in a humid medium, it is understood that the wire circulates in a liquid medium, for example an aqueous solution.
• a liquid medium for example an aqueous solution.
• the drawing lubricant in a wet drawing is in liquid form.
• the traction means for example capstans, are exposed to the liquid medium, for example the aqueous solution.
• ⁇ ' ⁇ 3.5 more preferably ⁇ ' ⁇ 4 and even more preferably ⁇ ' ⁇ 4.5. In some other embodiments, ⁇ ' ⁇ 4 and preferably ⁇ ' ⁇ 3.5.
• the rational strain ⁇ 2. ⁇ (D / d ') is such that ⁇ ⁇ 3, preferably ⁇ ⁇ 2.75 and more preferably ⁇ ⁇ 2.5.
• the rational strain ⁇ 2. ⁇ (D / d) is such that ⁇ 6.5, preferably ⁇ 6.75 and more preferably ⁇ 7, 2.
• D is greater than or equal to 4 mm, preferably 5 mm.
• the intermediate step or steps do not include a step of heating the steel beyond its austenitization temperature.
• the intermediate step (s) do not comprise a step generally called a heat treatment step in which the wire is heated beyond its austenitization temperature to obtain an austenitic microstructure and then the wire is cooled to obtain a predetermined microstructure.
• the austenitization temperature is generally between 700 and 900 ° C.
• the intermediate step or steps comprise a step of coating the wire with a diameter of at least one metal layer.
• the step of coating the wire of diameter is chosen from a step of depositing a layer of a substantially pure metal alloy, a step of depositing a first layer of a first substantially pure metal followed by a step of depositing a second layer of a substantially pure second metal, a step of depositing a layer of a substantially pure metal.
• substantially pure metal is meant a metal comprising at least 90%, preferably at least 95% and preferably at least 99% of a single metallic chemical element.
• a substantially pure metal alloy is meant a mixture of at least two distinct metals, each metal being substantially pure, and together constituting more than 50% by weight of the alloy.
• an alloy may comprise additives providing properties specific to the alloy depending on its use.
• the step of depositing a layer of a substantially pure metal alloy can be a step of depositing a layer of the alloy, for example brass or bronze.
• This type of deposition step is generally called co-depositing because the substantially pure metals constituting the alloy are deposited simultaneously from nuggets of the alloy.
• the substantially pure metals are selected from copper, zinc, tin, aluminum, cobalt and nickel and preferably from copper, zinc and tin.
• the step of coating the wire of diameter comprising a step of depositing a first layer of a first substantially pure metal followed by a step of depositing a second layer of a substantially pure second metal, the intermediate step (s) do not comprise a thermodiffusion step of each first and second metal respectively in the second and the first layer.
• the maximum breaking stress or breaking strength is the force required to break the wire.
• the measurements of maximum stress before rupture denoted R (in MPa) are carried out according to the ISO 6892 standard of 1984.
• Such a wire is insensitive to fatigue and corrosion, inexpensive and easy to manufacture by drawing on an industrial scale.
• the yarn has a carbon content in mass C such that 0.07% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.3%, preferably 0.1% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.3% and more preferably 0 , 15% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.25%.
• R ⁇ 1500 MPa preferably R ⁇ 2000 MPa and more preferably R ⁇ 2500 MPa.
• d is greater than or equal to 0.10 mm and preferably 0.12 mm.
• d is less than or equal to 0.40 mm, preferably 0.25 mm, more preferably 0.23 mm and even more preferentially 0.20 mm.
• Another object of the invention is a cable comprising several son as defined above.
• the cables are of the layer type or the strand type.
• the son or strands do not undergo torsion around their own axis, due to a synchronous rotation before and after the point of assembly;
• the son or strands undergo both a collective twist and an individual twist around their own axis, which generates a torque of untwisting each of the son or strands.
• the invention also relates to a semi-finished element, comprising a rubber matrix in which is embedded at least one wire as defined above.
• the rubber matrix comprises at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler, a vulcanization system and various additives.
• diene elastomer of the rubber matrix is generally meant an elastomer derived at least in part (ie a homopolymer or a copolymer) of monomers dienes (monomers bearing two carbon-carbon double bonds, conjugated or otherwise) .
• the diene elastomers in known manner, can be classified into two categories: those called “essentially unsaturated” and those called “essentially saturated”.
• the diene elastomer of the rubber matrix is chosen from the group of diene elastomers (essentially unsaturated) consisting of polybutadienes (BR), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), natural rubber (NR), copolymers of butadiene, isoprene copolymers and mixtures of these elastomers.
• Such copolymers are more preferably selected from the group consisting of butadiene-styrene copolymers (SBR), isoprene-butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene-styrene copolymers (SIR), isoprene-copolymers of butadiene-styrene (SBIR) and mixtures of such copolymers.
• SBR butadiene-styrene copolymers
• BIR isoprene-butadiene copolymers
• SIR isoprene-styrene copolymers
• SBIR isoprene-copolymers of butadiene-styrene
• the rubber matrix may contain a single diene elastomer or a mixture of several diene elastomers, the diene elastomer or elastomers may be used in combination with any type of synthetic elastomer other than diene, or even with polymers other than elastomers for example thermoplastic polymers.
• carbon black or an inorganic filler is preferably used. More particularly, carbon blacks are suitable for all carbon blacks, especially blacks of the HAF, ISAF, SAF type conventionally used in tires. By way of nonlimiting examples of such blacks, mention may be made of N115, N134, N234, N330, N339, N347 and N375 blacks.
• the carbon black can of course be used in cutting with reinforcing fillers and in particular other inorganic fillers.
• inorganic fillers comprise silica, in particular highly dispersible silicas, for example the Ultrasil 7000 and Ultrasil 7005 silicas from Degussa.
• the reinforcing filler may also be added, according to the intended application, inert (non-reinforcing) fillers such as clay particles, bentonite, talc, chalk, kaolin, usable for example in flanks or strips of colored tire bearing.
• inert fillers such as clay particles, bentonite, talc, chalk, kaolin, usable for example in flanks or strips of colored tire bearing.
• the rubber matrix may also comprise all or part of the usual additives usually used in elastomer compositions intended for the manufacture of tires, for example plasticizers or extension oils, which are of aromatic nature. or non-aromatic, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins, acceptors (eg novalaque phenolic resin) or donors methylene (for example HMT or H3M) as described for example in the application WO 02/10269 (or US2003-0212185).
• plasticizers or extension oils which are of aromatic nature. or non-aromatic, pigments, protective agents such as anti-ozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, anti-oxidants, anti-fatigue agents, reinforcing resins, acceptors (eg novalaque phenolic resin) or donors methylene (for example HMT or H3M) as described for example in the application WO 02/10269 (or US2003-0212185).
• the rubber matrix also comprises a vulcanization system based on either sulfur, or sulfur and / or peroxide and / or bismaleimide donors, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization activators.
• the vulcanization system itself is preferably based on sulfur and a primary vulcanization accelerator, in particular a sulfenamide accelerator, such as selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
• a primary vulcanization accelerator such as selected from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
• MBTS 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
• CBS N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide
• DCBS N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide
• TBBS N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenamide
• TBSI N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulphenimide
• Another object of the invention is a tire comprising at least one yarn as defined above.
• the tire is intended for passenger vehicles, industrial vehicles chosen from vans, heavy vehicles such as "heavy goods vehicles” - ie, metro, buses, road transport vehicles (trucks, tractors, trailers). , off-the-road vehicles -, agricultural or engineering machinery, aircraft, other transport or handling vehicles. More preferably, the tire is intended for heavy vehicles, agricultural or civil engineering machinery, aircraft, other transport vehicles or handling.
• the wire is intended to reinforce a crown reinforcement and / or tire carcass. More preferably, the wire is intended to reinforce a tire carcass reinforcement.
• the tire is for a truck-type vehicle comprising a carcass reinforcement comprising at least one wire as described above.
• Figure 1 a sectional view perpendicular to the circumferential direction of a tire according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating steps of a drawing process according to the invention.
• Fig. 3 is an optical microscope view of a ferritol pearlitic microstructure
• Figure 4 is a scanning electron microscope view of a ferrito-pearlitic microstructure
• FIG. 5 is an optical microscope view of an acicular ferritic micro-structure (known as Windmanstatten).
• FIG. 1 a tire comprising son obtained by the method according to the invention and designated by the general reference 10.
• the tire 10 has a vertex 12 reinforced by a crown reinforcement 14, two sidewalls 16 and two beads 18, each of these beads 18 being reinforced with a rod 20.
• the top 12 is surmounted by a tread represented in this schematic figure.
• a carcass reinforcement 22 is wound around the two rods 20 in each bead 18 and comprises an upturn 24 disposed towards the outside of the tire 10 which is shown here mounted on a rim 26.
• the carcass reinforcement 22 is in known manner constituted of at least one sheet reinforced by son or cables. These wires or cables of the carcass reinforcement are said to be “radial”, that is to say that these wires or cables are arranged practically parallel to each other and extend from one bead to the other to form an angle between 80 ° and 90 ° with the median circumferential plane (plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire which is located halfway between the two beads 18 and passes through the middle of the crown reinforcement 14 ).
• the crown reinforcement 14 comprises at least one ply reinforced by son or cables according to the invention.
• the son or cables of the invention may, for example, reinforce all or part of the working crown plies, or the plies (or half-plies) vertex triangulation and / or protection top plies, when such triangulation top or protection plies are used.
• the crown reinforcement 14 of the tire of the invention may of course comprise other crown plies, for example one or more crown plies.
• the tire 10 also comprises, in a known manner, a layer of rubber or inner elastomer (commonly called “inner liner”) which defines the radially inner face of the tire and which is intended to protect the carcass reinforcement of air diffusion from the interior space to the tire.
• inner liner a layer of rubber or inner elastomer
• it may further comprise an intermediate reinforcing elastomer layer which is located between the carcass reinforcement and the inner layer, intended to reinforce the inner layer and, therefore, the carcass reinforcement, also intended to partially relocate the forces suffered by the carcass reinforcement.
• the tire is manufactured by assembling the various elements described above in the form of semi-finished elements comprising a rubber matrix in which the son or cables are embedded.
• crown reinforcement and / or carcass are reinforced by cables, they are manufactured by assembling several steel son according to the invention, either by wiring or by twisting.
• the crown reinforcement and / or carcass is reinforced by cables according to the invention, chosen in particular from the layered cables of structure 1 + 3 + 8, 1 + 6 + 11, 1 + 6 + 12, 2 + 7, 3 + 8, 3 + 9, 3 + 9 + 15 and strand cables with structure 3 x (1 +5) , (1 + 6) x (3 + 8), (1 + 6) x (3 + 9 + 15), (1 + 6) x (4 + 10 + 16).
• cables that can reinforce the crown and / or carcass reinforcement are also described in document WO 2010/139583.
• the crown and / or carcass reinforcement is reinforced by cables according to the invention and in particular chosen from the 2 + 1, 2+ structure cables. 2, 2 + 4 and 4x3.
• the cables according to the invention can be gummed in situ, as described, inter alia, in WO 2010/139583.
• the crown and / or carcass reinforcement may also be reinforced by one or more unitary threads according to the invention but not assembled.
• the wire is made of steel.
• the steel is a non-alloy steel as defined in the NF EN 10020 standard. Alloy or stainless steel wires as defined in the NF EN10020 standard are also conceivable.
• the steel used may therefore preferably comprise elements of known alloys such as for example Mn, Si, P, S, N, V, Cr, Mo, Ni, B and Co (see for example Research Disclosure 34984 - "Micro-alloyed steel cord constructions for tires” - May 1993, Research Disclosure 34054 - "High tensile strength steel cord constructions for tires” (August 1992) for adapting steel.
• the preferred unalloyed steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 1.65% by weight and more preferably between 0.3 and 0.7% by weight of manganese, here 0.583%.
• the preferred unalloyed steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.60% by weight and more preferably between 0.1 and 0.3% by weight of silicon, here 0.161%.
• the preferential unalloyed steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.10% by weight and more preferably at most 0.045% by weight of phosphorus, here 0.0085%.
• the preferred unalloyed steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.10% by weight and more preferably at most 0.045% by weight of sulfur, here 0.0151%.
• the preferred unalloyed steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.10% by weight and more preferably at most 0.008% by mass of nitrogen, here 0.0029%.
• the preferred unalloyed steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.10% by weight and more preferably at most 0.05% by weight and even more preferably 0.02% of vanadium, in this case 0%.
• the preferential unalloyed steel conforming to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.30% by weight of chromium.
• the steel used comprises a chromium content in Cr mass such that Cr ⁇ 10.5%, preferably such that Cr ⁇ 5%, more preferably such as Cr ⁇ 1%, and even more preferentially such as Cr ⁇ 0.2%. and here 0.039%.
• the unalloyed preferential steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.08% inclusive, more preferably at most 0.05% inclusive, and even more preferably at most 0.02% inclusive mass bound. of molybdenum, here 0.009%.
• the unalloyed preferential steel in accordance with the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.3% inclusive of nickel mass, in this case 0.026%.
• the preferential unalloyed steel conforming to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.0008% inclusive of boron by weight, here 0.0002%.
• the unalloyed preferential steel according to the NF EN10020 standard comprises at most 0.3% inclusive, preferably at most 0.01% inclusive, and more preferably at most 0.001% inclusive cobalt, here 0%.
• the values of the mass ratios of the elements described above can be measured according to the standard FD CEN / TR 10261 entitled "Steels and irons - European standards for the determination of the chemical composition".
• the microstructure of the steel is selected from ferrite, perlite and mixtures of these microstructures.
• the wire is preferably made of ferritobalititic steel, illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
• the steel used comprises a carbon content C, expressed in%, by mass of steel such that 0.05% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.4 %.
• the wire may be coated with a metal layer improving, for example, the properties of implementation of the wire, or the properties of use of the wire, the cable and / or the tire themselves, such as the properties of the wire. adhesion, resistance to corrosion or resistance to aging.
• the wire is coated with a coating chosen from a layer of a substantially pure metal alloy, for example brass or bronze, a first layer of a substantially pure first metal, for example copper, coated with even a second layer of a substantially pure second metal, for example zinc, and a layer of a substantially pure metal, for example zinc.
• the wire may be free of metal coating.
• Table 1 below shows son EDT1, EDT2 according to the state of the art and F1, F2 and F3 according to the invention.
• the son of the examples of Table 1 have a diameter d greater than or equal to 0.10 mm and preferably 0.12 mm. In addition, the son of the examples of Table 1 have a diameter d less than or equal to 0.40 mm, preferably 0.25 mm, more preferably 0.23 mm and even more preferably 0.20 mm.
• FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a method for drawing wire as described above.
• a steel wire of initial diameter D ⁇ 4, preferably D ⁇ 5, in this case equal to 5.5 mm and having a maximum breaking stress of between 300 MPa and 700 MPa, in this case R 525 MPa.
• the wire, called wire rod, is stored in the form of a boot on a reel from which it is unrolled by means of automated unwinding means, for example a unwinder.
• the micro-structure of the steel is ferrito-pearlitic.
• a descaling step 200 of the machine wire the machine wire is passed through several successive pulleys and in two trainers each formed by several pulleys, the pulleys of each blocker being mounted in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis. rotation of the pulleys of the other trainer. This removes a layer of iron oxides, called calamine, present on the surface of the wire rod.
• the wire rod is coated with a layer of an adhesion promoter of a drawing lubricant.
• the steps 400i to 400 n are intended to reduce the wire diameter D of the initial diameter to an intermediate diameter of, for example greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, preferably 1 mm and more preferably 1 , 3 mm and for example less than or equal to 2.5 mm, preferably to 2.2 mm and more preferably to 2 mm.
• the steps 400i to 400 n form a first continuous series of steps of dry medium in wire drawing of the initial diameter D to the intermediate diameter.
• Each step 400i to 400 n is in dry wire drawing step in which the wire is passed into a lower diameter die to the diameter of the wire upstream of the die.
• the wire has a diameter downstream of the die less than the diameter upstream of the die.
• the diameter of each die is less than the diameter of the die upstream.
• a drawing lubricant is used in pulverulent form.
• the intermediate diameter wire is coated with at least one metal layer.
• the coating step 600 of the intermediate diameter wire is selected from a step of depositing a layer of a substantially pure metal alloy, a step of depositing a first layer of a substantially pure first metal followed by a deposition step of a second layer of a substantially pure second metal, a step of depositing a layer of a substantially pure metal.
• the coating step 600 of the intermediate diameter wire is a deposition step a deposition step of a first layer of a first substantially pure metal followed by a deposition step of a second layer of a second substantially pure metal, here a layer of copper and a layer of zinc.
• Steps 700i to 700 m are intended to reduce the diameter of the wire of the intermediate diameter to the final diameter d and increase the maximum breaking stress of the wire.
• the steps 700i 700 m form a second continuous series of wet wire drawing steps of the yarn of the intermediate diameter d 'to the final diameter d.
• Each step 700i to 700 m is a wet drawing step in which the wire is passed through a die of diameter less than the diameter of the wire upstream of the die.
• the wire has a diameter downstream of the die less than the diameter upstream of the die.
• the diameter of each die is less than the diameter of the die upstream.
• the steps 700i to 700 m will be carried out in a dry medium.
• Means for pulling the wire positioned downstream of each die allow to exert sufficient traction force to pull the wire through each die.
• the traction means and the dies are immersed in a liquid bath of drawing lubricant, for example as described in WO 2008/113481.
• the drawing process thus comprises N uninterrupted series of drawing steps, for example one in a dry environment and one in a wet environment.
• N 2.
• eT 2.In (D / d).
• the method comprises one or more intermediate steps between the first and second uninterrupted series of steps 400i - 400 m , 700i - 700 m wire drawing.
• the wire has a temperature of less than or equal to 300 ° C.
• the process comprises only one intermediate step, here the coating step 600, during which the wire has a temperature between 15 ° C and 300 ° C and preferably between 15 ° C and 200 ° C.
• the intermediate step (s) do not comprise a thermodiffusion step of each first and second metal respectively in the second and the first layer, here copper in the second layer and zinc in the first layer.
• the intermediate step or steps do not include a step of heating the steel beyond its austenitization temperature.
• austenitization steps are described in particular in “Précis de metallurgie”, ISBN 2-12- 260121 -6 as well as in “Atlas of transformation curves of French-made steels", IRDIS, 1974.
• Table 2 shows different values of the characteristics of the yarns according to the invention and of the state of the art.
• wires F1 and F2 ⁇ 6.5, preferably ⁇ 6.75 and more preferably ⁇ 7.2. It will also be noted that ⁇ ⁇ 8.
• the descaling step 200 may be carried out by the action of a chemical agent, for example acid.

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