EP3069793A1 - Jet - Google Patents

Abstract

A nozzle (1) is intended to have a nozzle insert (2), a nozzle carrier (3) with a cavity (31) having a depth T serving as a receptacle for the nozzle insert (2) and a groove (32) encircling the cavity (31) Depth t, which forms a clamping web (33) surrounding the cavity (31) and comprising a clamping element (4) with a recess which can be inserted into the groove (33).

Description

The present invention relates to a nozzle according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing a nozzle according to claim 10.

State of the art

A nozzle is a mostly tubular technical device. Nozzles are used where conversion of pressure to kinetic energy or redirection of a gas or liquid stream or a mixture of gaseous or liquid substances is necessary.

The field of application and use of a nozzle expediently determines not only the embodiment, but also the materials to be used for the nozzle and the manufacturing and manufacturing methods suitable therefor.

Depending on the embodiment, the area of use and the area of use of a nozzle, a nozzle can have the same surface area, widen or taper over its entire length. Even more far more complex forms are known today. The higher the working pressure range and the precision requirement for a nozzle, the higher the requirements for the material of the nozzle and the more precise the nozzle geometry must be. This increases both the material costs as well as the production and assembly costs of a nozzle.

For a low working pressure range up to about 450 bar, one-piece nozzles are often used. Today, a one-piece nozzle is predominantly made of special steels by mechanical machining methods. There are also nozzles made of plastic. These are mainly produced by injection molding. These types of nozzles are known as steel or cone nozzles.

At a higher working pressure range from 500 bar to in the range of several 1000 bar to about 10000 bar additional precision requirements are made, as required for example by water jet cutting technology or medical applications, so that multi-part nozzles are used.

A multi-part nozzle today consists of at least one nozzle insert, a nozzle carrier, a nozzle body, a focusing tube, which contributes to the optimization of the beam, and other parts for mounting and / or clamping and mounting and / or fixing the nozzle insert.

The use and the duration of use of multi-part nozzles are very limited due to their construction principle, the associated production process and the materials that are therefore mandatory.

In particular, strongly corrosive and / or abrasive materials strongly increase a multi-part nozzle.

This is due to the complex mechanical structure and the use of different materials. In particular, materials of the construction and connection technology for the version and / or fixation of the nozzle insert of a multi-part nozzle is a central weak point. The nozzle insert is glued either with adhesive in the nozzle carrier, taken with a socket made of non-ferrous metal or plastic on the nozzle carrier or in a Two-piece high-precision manufactured steel frame embedded in a powdery mass and pressed together under high pressure and fused and embedded in the nozzle carrier or nozzle body.

A disadvantage of these methods is the lack of chemical and physical inertness of the material composites used for the individual nozzle components such as nozzle body and / or nozzle carrier. Material composites of various non-ferrous and / or ferrous metals are due to the different electronegativity potentials of single metals particularly vulnerable. In particular, materials having a low Vickers hardness have a concomitant low abrasion resistance.

Often it comes in the known methods for producing multi-part nozzles to small pressure and / or thermally induced cracks or star-shaped outbreaks at the nozzle insert itself and thereby at later pressure load to break the nozzle insert and as a result, to the failure of the nozzle. Due to this problem, the user of nozzles nowadays has to stockpile a large number of nozzles of the same type cost-intensive in order to avoid machine downtime.

Furthermore, known production methods for nozzles are very time-consuming. Nozzles manufactured using known production methods require a single-piece test, have a high production-related rejection rate and are therefore very expensive to produce.

The corrosion resistance and the pressure resistance of such a nozzle and consequently the resulting service life are an important aspect for the user of a nozzle, since the user has a direct and above all significant cost disadvantage.

Consequently, the demand for particularly easy to produce, chemically inert and / or highly corrosion-resistant and / or high-strength and dense nozzles with a long service life and ease of use is very large.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to provide an improved nozzle and a method for producing an improved nozzle, which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

Solution of the task

To achieve the object, the features according to the two independent claims 1 and 10.

An inventive nozzle consists of a nozzle insert and a nozzle insert at least partially enclosing and / or enveloping nozzle body.

For the purposes of the invention are for receiving or introducing a nozzle into a functional device such as a high-pressure cleaner or a water jet cutting system or a dosing or mixing device, which for a nozzle necessarily molded functional geometric elements such as a sealing cone or a sealing surface, an external thread, or a shoulder , a paragraph or other functional receptacles, a holding device or a sealing element as prior art, including and with the exception of hatched open spaces such as in the FIGS. 7 to 10 indicated, unspecified.

An inventive nozzle is particularly suitable not only for use in a conversion of pressure into kinetic energy or a deflection of a gas or a liquid stream or a mixture of gaseous or liquid substances but also for a mixture of liquid substance provided with solid particles as in abrasive suspensions with a solids content of up to 80% is the case.

In typical embodiments, the nozzle insert is rotationally symmetrical about a centrally mounted symmetry axis. Preferably, the nozzle insert is cylindrical or hollow cylinder-shaped. This has the advantage that loaded forces spread radially uniformly orthogonal to the axis of symmetry of the cylindrical nozzle insert.

In typical embodiments, at least one bore, acting as a nozzle bore, is embedded in the nozzle insert. The application of the nozzle determines the number and shape of the holes. In the case of a single bore, this is ideally centered centrally and runs along an axis of symmetry. In this case, the nozzle insert is formed as a rotationally symmetrical hollow cylinder.

In typical embodiments, several holes depending on the application and / or requirement of the beam profile or the jet properties of the nozzle with any distribution on the nozzle insert, with any distance from each other and parallel to the axis of symmetry, possible.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle insert of a nozzle according to the invention, its thickness is in the range from about 100 micrometers to a few millimeters, depending on the required field of application and the required beam precision.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle insert of a nozzle according to the invention, this is a rotationally symmetrical body such as a disk, a cylinder, a center-centered perforated disk or a hollow cylinder or depending on the number of holes a multi-perforated disk with two mutually parallel circular end faces and a circumferential surface.

In the case of a particularly cost-effective production method of nozzle inserts for a nozzle according to the invention, rectangular nozzle inserts with two mutually parallel rectangular end faces and a peripheral lateral surface in the sense of the invention are also possible.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle insert is made of a hard, wear-resistant material. The material is ideally a material such as sapphire, ruby, diamond, ceramics such as zirconia, or hard metal or hardened steel, for example. Extremely hard materials such as sapphire, ruby, diamond, ceramic are particularly suitable for high-pressure applications. The material hardness (measured according to the hardness test method according to Vickers and described in DIN EN ISO 6507) of such a material is here range of 250 HV for a stainless steel type 1.4305, between 1300 HV for zirconium oxide to 2500 HV for sapphire and up to 10.060 HV for diamond ,

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle insert is preferably made of sapphire, ruby, diamond, ceramic or hard metal. Also, nozzle inserts made of materials based on diamond structures such as ADNR (Aggregated Diamond Nanotubes) or BN (Boron Nitride) are possible within the scope of the invention.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle body is in two parts and therefore consists of two nozzle body halves between which a nozzle insert is inserted and at least partially enclosed and / or surrounded by the nozzle body consisting of two halves.

In typical embodiments, the first nozzle body half according to the invention is designed as a nozzle carrier with a centrally centered bore along an axis of symmetry RA. The nozzle carrier is provided with a serving as a receptacle for the nozzle insert cavity with a depth T and a cavity surrounding the groove with a depth t, which forms a cavity surrounding the clamping web with two mutually parallel lateral surfaces. The depth T of the cavity is ideally smaller than the depth t of the circumferential groove.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the nozzle carrier is preferably made of a highly corrosion-resistant and / or hard material metallic material or a ceramic material of higher Vickers hardness and chemical inertness in accordance with the invention. Also, a synthetic material such as a composite or a sintered material is possible within the scope of the invention.

In typical embodiments, the second nozzle body half according to the invention is designed as a clamping element. The clamping element has an insertable into the groove of the nozzle carrier molding with two other lateral surfaces. The cross-sectional geometry of the clamping element is ideally rectangular with radial Kantenabrundung, which facilitate entry into the groove.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the clamping element is preferably made of a highly corrosion-resistant and / or hard metallic material or else a ceramic material of higher Vickers hardness and chemical inertness in the sense of the invention. Also, a synthetic material such as a composite or a sintered material is possible within the scope of the invention.

In typical embodiments, both nozzle carrier and clamping element of a nozzle according to the invention are made of the same material. Elements of different materials have the disadvantage that they have a very low inertness due to the different electronegativity potentials of the individual materials. Experiments have shown that a nozzle made of elements of the same material has a better corrosion and / or abrasion resistance and thus a high inertness, in particular to deionized water or other liquid media with abrasive, acidic or basic additives.

In typical embodiments, both nozzle carrier and clamping element of an inventive nozzle made of non-ferrous metal or other low-quality metallic or synthetic materials for particularly simple and inexpensive designs for nozzles are made.

In typical embodiments, both the nozzle carrier and the clamping element of a nozzle according to the invention are made from a ceramic such as zirconium oxide or a similarly suitable technical ceramic with a high degree of density. Ideally, the nozzle insert itself may be made of the same ceramic. This provides the user with a particularly advantageous chemical inertness and, in addition, a nozzle which can withstand extreme mechanical loads.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, both an inlet bevel mounted on one side on the cross-sectional profile of the clamping element and a two-sided inlet bevel are possible.

Further, the clamping element of a nozzle according to the invention has a side wall as a lateral surface, which acts as a coaxial cylindrical surface for a press fit.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the molding has such an excess of the groove that when the clamping element is joined to the nozzle carrier, the clamping web of the nozzle body is so distorted and / or deformed by the excess that a positive and / or non-positive fit occurs acting tight interference fit between the respective adjacent pairs of side walls or lateral surfaces or coaxial cylindrical surfaces of clamping element and clamping web of the nozzle carrier is formed with the nozzle insert.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the interference fit acts positively and / or non-positively due to an insertion force introduced from the outside for joining the clamping element to the nozzle carrier and the plastic deformation of the clamping web induced by the excess due to the engagement of the clamping element in the recessed groove.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, the interference fit acts in such a positive and / or non-positive manner that it forms a tight connection formed between the respective adjacent pairs of side walls or lateral surfaces or coaxial cylindrical surfaces of clamping element and clamping web of the nozzle carrier with the nozzle insert.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, a ratio of the depth T of the cavity to the depth t of the circumferential groove of t ≥ 2T has proved to be particularly advantageous.

For the purposes of the invention, it is the oversize dimensioned such that it is within the manufacturing tolerances according to Class 6 to 8 according to DIN ISO 286 and a plastic deformation of the _{clamping web} , which is within a range up to the upper yield strength R _eH .

Furthermore, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the width of the _{clamping web is} determined as a function of the upper yield strength R _eH . The width is thus given as a function f (R _eH ) or function f (R _{p, 0,2} ).

For the purposes of the invention, the yield strength, a range between the lower and upper yield strength R _eL and R _eH , a material _size , which denotes the mechanical stress to which a material with uniaxial and torque-free tensile stress shows no permanent plastic deformation. When falling below the value or the value range, the material returns elastically to its original shape after relief. There is an elastic strain below the upper yield point R _eH .

When the yield strength is exceeded, on the other hand, there remains a change in shape which would result in deformation and / or deformation of the tensioning element. Next would be reduced to the lateral surface of the nozzle insert after exceeding the yield strength, the required clamping force and the function of the nozzle thus no longer be guaranteed.

In the case of industrial materials, R _{eH is} usually replaced by the 0.2% yield strength R _{p, 0.2} , which is also known to the _{person skilled} in the art as the elastic limit, or instead of the upper yield strength R _eH Yield point or equivalent yield strength known. The elastic limit R _{p, 0.2} can always be determined clearly from the nominal stress total elongation diagram in return for the upper yield strength R _eH . The 0.2% yield strength R _{p, 0.2} is defined as the uniaxial stress at which the residual strain related to the initial length of the sample is exactly 0.2% after discharge.

The underlying diagrams in the context of the invention for determining the material size of the yield strength for the dimensioning of the width y are in FIG. 12 as a schematic stress / strain diagram with pronounced yield strength of a suitable material for a nozzle according to the invention and in FIG. 13 as a schematic stress / strain diagram with a continuous flow beginning and registered 0.2% proof strength of a suitable material for a nozzle according to the invention shown.

In the context of the invention, both R _{p, 0.2} and R _{eH should be used} equivalently and can be used within the scope of the invention as upper limit values for dimensioning the excess.

For the purposes of the invention, it is therefore necessary to tune and dimension the clamping element, groove, web and cavity and in particular the excess of the clamping element to the diameter or radius of the nozzle insert such that when joining the nozzle carrier with the clamping element, the web is braced such that the stress acts as a press-joining force on the nozzle insert and a plastic deformation of less than 0.2% has occurred on unloading.

By this dimensioning of the mass and tolerances) or the excess of the elements clamping element, groove, clamping web and cavity as a function of the upper yield strength ReH arises in the context of the invention, a particularly advantageous positive and / or non-positive connection between the clamping web and the nozzle insert by an intermeshing the shaped clamping element of the nozzle body and the recessed into the nozzle holder groove which acts on the clamping web.

A nozzle according to the invention is manufactured in a very simple and cost-effective manner with the following manufacturing steps, with the use of a sealant and / or adhesive, preferably fully automated.

• Loses Einlegen eines Düseneinsatzes in eine Kavität eines Düsenträgers. Dabei wirkt der Düsenträger als eine erste Düsenkörperhälfte. Die Kavität hat eine Tiefe t und um die Kavität ist eine Nut mit einer Tiefe T eingearbeitet. Zwischen der Nut und der Kavität wird dadurch ein Steg ausgeformt.
• Loses Aufsetzen einer zweiten Düsenkörperhälfte. Die zweite Düsenkörperhälfte wirkt als Spannelement und hat eine Ausformung mit einer Höhe, die der Tiefe der Nut entspricht um so in die Nut eingreifen zu können.
• Kraftbewirktes form- und/oder kraftschlüssiges Zusammenfügen durch Aufpressen der zweiten Düsenkörperhälfte auf die erste Düsenkörperhälfte sodass sich eine form- und/oder kraftschlüssige Presspassung ausbildet.

Production steps:

• Loosely inserting a nozzle insert into a cavity of a nozzle carrier. The nozzle carrier acts as a first nozzle body half. The cavity has a depth t and around the cavity a groove with a depth T is incorporated. A web is thereby formed between the groove and the cavity.
• Loosely fitting a second nozzle body half. The second nozzle body half acts as a clamping element and has a shape with a height corresponding to the depth of the groove so as to be able to engage in the groove.
• Force-induced positive and / or non-positive joining by pressing the second nozzle body half on the first nozzle body half so that forms a positive and / or non-positive interference fit.

Compared with the prior art, these production steps have the advantages that the nozzle insert is first aligned by the press-fitting, that is centered, in order then to form a positive and / or a positive connection with the nozzle carrier.

Breakage scrap as it occurs in handling and / or manufacturing errors, especially in the nozzle insert according to the prior art, will be avoided.

Next eliminates the need for a hold-down during Pressfügevorgangs for the nozzle insert, since the nozzle insert is loosely inserted into the cavity and only by uniformly radially distributed and orthogonal acting on the lateral surface of the nozzle insert forces to create the positive and / or non-positive connection with the clamping web is charged.

Further, the clamping element can be coated and / or sealed with a seal of any kind, so that no pressure-wetted liquid between the outer circumferential surface of the clamping element and the groove can penetrate into the groove itself.

In typical embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, this sealing is effected by means of welding. Also, other thermal bonding methods are possible. In typical exemplary embodiments of a nozzle according to the invention, this sealing is effected by means of a cover, for example a solder, a lacquer or another suitable layer such as a coating, which is suitable for pressure-resistant sealing.

figure description

• Figur 1a eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts einer erfindungsgemässen Düse;
• Figur 1b einen vergrösserten Ausschnitt einer schematischen Darstellung eines Querschnitts einer erfindungsgemässen Düse;
• Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts einer erfindungsgemässen zusammengefügten Düse;
• Figur 3 eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemässen Düse;
• Figur 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemässen zusammengefügten Düse;
• Figur 5 eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemässen Düse;
• Figur 6 eine schematische Darstellung eines Querschnitts eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemässen zusammengefügten Düse;
• Figur 7 bis Figur 10 schematische Darstellungen eines Querschnitts unterschiedlicher Ausführungsbeispiele von Spannelementen einer erfindungsgemässen Düse;
• Figur 11 eine schematische Darstellung eines Düseneinsatzes
• Figur 12 schematische Darstellung eines Spannungs-Dehnungs-Diagramms
• Figur 13 schematische Darstellung eines Nennspannungs-Totaldehnungs-Diagramms

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment and with reference to the figures; these show in

• FIG. 1a a schematic representation of a cross section of an inventive nozzle;
• FIG. 1b an enlarged detail of a schematic representation of a cross section of an inventive nozzle;
• FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a cross section of an inventive nozzle joined together;
• FIG. 3 a schematic representation of a cross section of another embodiment of a nozzle according to the invention;
• FIG. 4 a schematic representation of a cross section of another embodiment of an inventive nozzle joined together;
• FIG. 5 a schematic representation of a cross section of another embodiment of a nozzle according to the invention;
• FIG. 6 a schematic representation of a cross section of another embodiment of an inventive nozzle joined together;
• FIG. 7 to FIG. 10 schematic representations of a cross section of different embodiments of clamping elements of a nozzle according to the invention;
• FIG. 11 a schematic representation of a nozzle insert
• FIG. 12 schematic representation of a stress-strain diagram
• FIG. 13 schematic representation of a nominal voltage Totaldehnungs diagram

embodiment

FIG. 1a shows a nozzle according to the invention 1, consisting of a nozzle carrier 3 with a centered bore 30, a nozzle insert 2 with a centered bore 20 and a at least in the region of radius R2 about the symmetry axis RA rotationally symmetrical shaped clamping element 4. The bore 20 and the bore 30 are located centered on the axis of symmetry RA.

The clamping element 4 has a cross-sectional profile 40 with a height a and a width b minus a wedge-shaped surface portion of a non-marked chamfer 47. The width b results from the difference between the radii R2 and R1. A chamfer 47 serving as an inlet bevel, incorporated into the clamping element 4, is in the detail view of FIG FIG. 1b shown. Preferably, the radii R1 and R2 are determined depending on the diameter of the nozzle insert. Preferably, the height a is between 0.0. mm and 2 mm. Preferably, the width b is between 0.1 mm and 1 mm.

Furthermore, the tensioning element 4 has a lateral surface 45 facing the axis of symmetry RA, and thus an inner circumferential surface 45, and a lateral surface 46 which faces away from the axis of symmetry and thus extends around the outside.

The nozzle carrier 3 has a recessed annular groove 32 with the depth t and a cylindrical cavity 31. The depth T of the cavity 31 is here to the depth t of the circumferential groove 32 in a ratio of t ≥ 2T. Preferably, the depth t of the circumferential groove 32 between XX and XX and the depth T of the cavity 31 as a result between XX and XX.

The groove 32 with the depth t forms together with the cavity 31 with the depth T a clamping web 33 with the width y. Preferably, the width is a function of the yield strength of the material used with the aid of diagrams as in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 shown and disclosed within the scope of the invention. Typically, the width y has a value between 0.2 and 0.5 times the diameter of the cavity 31.

Next, the groove 32 facing side of the cross-sectional area of the clamping web 33 has an excess 34 with a width between 0.005 to 0.03mm. The width x is preferably between XX and XX and is determined as a function of the yield strength.

Further, the groove 32 has a width which results from the difference of the width b of the clamping element 4 and the width x of the excess 34 of the clamping web 33.

The tensioning web 33 has a circumferential surface 36 which faces the axis of symmetry RA and thus revolves inward (can be seen in FIG FIG. 1b ) and one of the symmetry axis facing away and thus outer circumferential surface 35th

The nozzle insert 2 is loosely inserted into the nozzle carrier 2 and the clamping element 4 is positioned along the axis of symmetry RA on the nozzle carrier 3 can be fed.

FIG. 1b shows a detail of the nozzle carrier 3 with loosely inserted nozzle insert 2 and a suitably positioned fed tensioning element 4 from FIG. 1a ,

The tensioning element 4 has a cross-sectional profile 40 with a height a and a width b. The width b results from the difference between the radii R2 and R1. The radii R1 and R2 are determined according to the geometry of the nozzle.

Further, in this detail section serving as the inlet bevel incorporated into the clamping element 4 bevel 47, which is formed by the angle α and the height c, shown. Preferably, the angle α is between 2 ° and 25 °. Preferably, the height c has a value between 0.1 and 0.5 times the depth t.

Next, the clamping element 4 has a the axis of symmetry RA facing and thus inner circumferential surface 45 and one of the symmetry axis facing away and thus not drawn outer circumferential surface 46th

The nozzle carrier 3 has a recessed annular groove 32, which on one side, namely to the symmetry axis RA facing side, limited and thus step-shaped. The groove 32 has a depth t.

Next, the nozzle carrier 3 has a cylindrical cavity 31. The depth T of the cavity 31 is here to the depth t of the circumferential groove 32 in a ratio of t ≥ 2T.

The groove 32 with the depth t forms together with the cavity 31 with the depth T a clamping web 33.

Next, the groove 32 facing sides of the cross-sectional area of the clamping web 33 has an excess 34 with a width x.

Further, the groove 32 has a width which results from the difference between the width b of the clamping element 4 and the width x of the excess 34 of the clamping web 33.

The clamping web 33 has a circumferential surface 36 which faces the axis of symmetry RA and thus runs around the circumference, and a lateral surface 35 which faces away from the axis of symmetry and thus extends around the outside.

The nozzle insert 2 is loosely inserted into the nozzle carrier 2 and the clamping element 4 is positioned along the axis of symmetry RA on the nozzle carrier 3 can be fed.

Furthermore, the nozzle insert 2 has a lateral surface 23 which faces away from the axis of symmetry RA and thus projects outwards, which faces the lateral surface 36 of the clamping web 33 which faces the axis of symmetry RA and thus revolves around the inside.

Next, the clamping element 4 has a the axis of symmetry RA facing and thus inner circumferential surface 45 and one of the symmetry axis facing away and thus outside circulating, non-marked lateral surface 46th

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of an inventive nozzle 1, consisting of the nozzle insert 2, the nozzle carrier 3 and the clamping element 4 after assembly.

The nozzle carrier 3 has only one side, namely the symmetry axis RA facing side, limited and thus step-shaped groove 32nd

The lateral surfaces 45 and 35 and the lateral surfaces 36 and 23 are non-positively and / or positively connected with each other and have the nozzle insert 2 with the bore 20 also aligned centered to the axis of symmetry RA.

FIG. 3 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a nozzle 1 according to the invention, comprising the nozzle insert 2, the nozzle carrier 3 and the clamping element 4 with a loosely inserted nozzle insert 2 and a clamping element 4 positioned in a suitable manner.

The clamping element 4 has the cross-sectional profile 40 with a not shown for reasons of clarity inlet slope and dimensions.

Next, the clamping element 4 has a the axis of symmetry RA facing and thus inner circumferential surface 45 and one of the symmetry axis facing away and thus outer circumferential surface 46th

The nozzle carrier 3 has a recessed annular groove 32 with the depth t and a rotationally symmetrical circular cavity 31. The depth T of the cavity 31 is here to the depth t of the circumferential groove 32 in a ratio of t ≥ 2T.

Next, the groove 32 facing side of the cross-sectional area of the clamping web 33 has a as in FIG. 1b illustrated excess 34 with a width x.

Further, the groove 32 has a width which results from the difference of the width b of the clamping element 4 and the width x of the excess 34 of the clamping web 33.

The nozzle insert 2 with the bore 20 is loosely inserted into the nozzle carrier 2 and the clamping element 4 is positioned along the axis of symmetry RA on the nozzle carrier 3 can be fed.

Furthermore, the nozzle insert 2 has a lateral surface 23 which faces away from the axis of symmetry RA and thus projects outwards, which faces the lateral surface 36 of the clamping web 33 which faces the axis of symmetry RA and thus revolves around the inside.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of an inventive nozzle 1, consisting of the nozzle insert 2, the nozzle carrier 3 and the clamping element 4 after assembly.

The lateral surfaces 45 and 35 and the lateral surfaces 36 and 23 are non-positively and / or positively connected with each other and have the nozzle insert 2 with the bore 20 also aligned centered to the axis of symmetry RA and is thus tightly defined in the context of the invention. For reasons of clarity, the individually and in total acting forces and / or force vectors, which are typical for a press fit and deformation in the elastic range below the yield strength, have not been drawn.

FIG. 5 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a nozzle 1 according to the invention, comprising the nozzle insert 2, the nozzle carrier 3 and the clamping element 4 with a loosely inserted nozzle insert 2 and a clamping element 4 positioned in a suitable manner.

The clamping element 4 has a cross-sectional profile 44 with a not shown for reasons of clarity inlet slope and dimensions.

Next, the clamping element 4 has a the axis of symmetry RA facing and thus inner circumferential surface 45 and one of the symmetry axis facing away and thus outer circumferential surface 46th

Furthermore, the clamping element 4 has a conical feed space 9 and a cavity 8.

The nozzle carrier 3 has a recessed annular groove 32 with the depth t and a rotationally symmetrical circular cavity 31. The depth T of the cavity 31 is here to the depth t of the circumferential groove 32 in a ratio of t ≥ 2T.

Next, the groove 32 facing side of the cross-sectional area of the clamping web 33 has a as in FIG. 1b illustrated excess 34 with a width x.

Further, the groove 32 has a width which results from the difference of the width b of the clamping element 4 and the width x of the excess 34 of the clamping web 33.

The nozzle insert 2 with the bore 20 is loosely inserted into the nozzle carrier 2 and the clamping element 4 is positioned along the axis of symmetry RA on the nozzle carrier 3 can be fed.

Furthermore, the nozzle insert 2 has a circumferential surface 23 which faces away from the axis of symmetry RA and thus projects outwards, which faces the lateral surface 36 of the clamping web 33 which faces the axis of symmetry RA and thus runs around the inside.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of an inventive nozzle 1, consisting of the nozzle insert 2, the nozzle carrier 3 and the clamping element 4 after assembly.

The lateral surfaces 45 and 35 and the lateral surfaces 36 and 23 are non-positively and / or positively connected with each other and have the nozzle insert 2 with the bore 20 also aligned centered to the axis of symmetry RA and is thus tightly defined in the context of the invention. For reasons of clarity, the individually and in total acting forces and / or force vectors, which are typical for a press fit and deformation in the elastic range below the yield strength, have not been drawn.

The FIGS. 7 to 10 show different embodiments of cross-sectional profiles 40 to 43 of the clamping element. 4

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the clamping element 4 a ring with a rectangular cross-sectional profile 40 having a height a and a width b.

FIG. 8 shows a clamping element 4 with a rectangular cross-sectional profile with a height a and a width b. Preferably, such a cross-sectional profile in a clamping element as in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 shown, used.

The cross-sectional profile 42 of FIG. 9 has a rounding and thus in volume a curved surface. Preferably, the cross-sectional profile 42 has a radius R of 0.2 mm to 1 mm. This results in the advantage that the clamping element 4 in contact with the nozzle carrier 3 as a whole can be adjusted more easily over the groove 32 and simplifies shrinkage of the cross-sectional profile 42 into the groove 32. Also, it is thus possible to prevent unintentional tilting during the pressing. Preferably, such a cross-sectional profile in a clamping element as in FIG. 5 and FIG. 7 shown, used.

The cross-sectional profile 43 of FIG. 10 corresponds essentially to the cross-sectional profile 41 of FIG. 8 with the height a and the width b. However, the edges of the cross-sectional profile 43 are each provided with a chamfer 48 and 49 with the height c, the angle α and the distance d to each other. Preferably, the height c has a value between 10% to 50% of the value of the height a. Preferably, the angle α is between 2 ° and 20 °. Preferably, the value of the width d does not fall below half the value of the width b, so that d ≥ b / 2.

The bevel 48 and 49 each serve as inlet slopes. This results in the advantage that the cross-sectional profile 43 in contact with the nozzle carrier 3 as a whole can be adjusted more easily over the groove 32 and that shrinkage of the cross-sectional profile 43 into the groove 32 is simplified. Also can thus prevent the assembly of the cross-sectional profile 43 with the nozzle carrier 3 unwanted tilting.

In addition, by varying the angle α, a bevel 48 and / or 49 acting as an inlet bevel and their effect with the excess 34 of the clamping web 33 can be determined of the FIG. 1b and or FIG. 10 set so targeted, so that in the context of the invention in the assembly of the clamping element 43 with the nozzle carrier 3 of the clamping web so braced by the excess 34 and / or deformed that forms a positive and / or non-positively acting interference fit with the nozzle insert 2 ,

Preferably, such a cross-sectional profile in a clamping element as in FIG. 5 and or FIG. 7 shown, used.

FIG. 11 shows typical embodiment of a cylindrical nozzle insert 2 in the form of a hollow cylinder having a radius R3 and a height h and having a first end face 21 and a second end face, which are parallel to each other. Next, the hollow cylinder is formed through the bore 20 and the circumferential surface 23. In the case of a sapphire nozzle insert, the height h is typically between 100 μm and 1000 μm. The radius R3 is determined accordingly depending on the nozzle geometry.

FIG. 12 shows a schematic stress / strain diagram with pronounced yield strength of a suitable material for a nozzle according to the invention.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic stress / strain diagram with continuous flow beginning and registered 0.2% proof strength of a suitable material for a nozzle according to the invention. <B> LIST OF REFERENCES </ b> 1 jet 34 Excess A elongation 2 nozzle insert 35 lateral surface A _L Lueders elongation 3 nozzle carrier 36 lateral surface A _g Uniform elongation 4 clamping element 37 R _m tensile strenght 5 nozzle opening 38 R _e Stretch limit 6 nozzle body 39 _{Rp, 0.2} Yield strength with 0.2% plastic deformation 7 40 Cross-sectional profile R _eH Upper yield strength 8th cavity 41 Cross-sectional profile R _eL Lower yield strength 9 supply space 42 Cross-sectional profile σ tension 10 43 Cross-sectional profile e strain 11 44 Cross-sectional profile ESB constriction 12 45 lateral surface BR fracture 13 46 lateral surface 14 47 chamfer 15 48 chamfer 16 49 chamfer 17 50 18 51 19 52 RA axis of symmetry 20 drilling 53 R radius 21 face 54 a height 22 face 55 b width 23 lateral surface 56 c height 24 57 d width 25 58 α angle 26 59 T depth 27 60 t depth 28 61 R1 radius 29 62 R2 radius 30 drilling 63 x width 31 cavity 64 y width 32 groove 65 H height 33 clamping web 66

Claims (10)

Comprising nozzle (1) - A nozzle insert (2); - A nozzle carrier (3) serving as a receptacle for the nozzle insert (2) cavity (31) having a depth T and the cavity (31) encircling groove (32) having a depth t, which a the cavity (32) encircling Forming clamping web (33); - A clamping element (4) with an insertable into the groove (32) molding. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth T of the cavity (31) is smaller than the depth t of the circumferential groove (32). Nozzle according to one of claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that for the depth T of the cavity (31) is a ratio to the depth t of the circumferential groove (32) of t ≥ 2T. Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzle insert (2) has a coaxial cylinder jacket surface / circumferential lateral surface (23). Nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the molding has such an excess of the groove, that after joining the clamping element with the nozzle carrier of the clamping web is braced by the excess and / or deformed so that a shape and / or non-positively acting tight interference fit is formed with the nozzle insert. Nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the deformation of the _{clamping web} in the elastic deformation region of the material and / or within a range of values is smaller than the upper yield strength R _{eH of} the material. Nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a value smaller than the elastic limit R _{p, 0.2 of} the material applies to the deformation of the clamping web. Nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the nozzle carrier and the clamping element each form a nozzle body half and together form a nozzle body. Nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the clamping element (4) of the same material as the nozzle carrier (3) and the material is a metallic or ceramic or polymeric material. A method of making a nozzle comprising - Loose insertion of a nozzle insert into a, in a nozzle nozzle acting as a first nozzle body half cavity of a depth t with a, by a cavity surrounding in the nozzle holder incorporated groove of a depth T, formed web; - Loose placement of acting as a clamping element with an engaging groove in the formation of a depth T corresponding height second nozzle body half; - Force-induced positive and / or non-positive joining by pressing the second nozzle body half on the first nozzle body half so that forms a positive and / or non-positive tight interference fit.

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