EP3066305A1 - Oscillating welding method - Google Patents

Oscillating welding method

Info

Publication number
EP3066305A1
EP3066305A1 EP14707705.1A EP14707705A EP3066305A1 EP 3066305 A1 EP3066305 A1 EP 3066305A1 EP 14707705 A EP14707705 A EP 14707705A EP 3066305 A1 EP3066305 A1 EP 3066305A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy source
moved
welding
material supply
triangular shape
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP14707705.1A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernd Burbaum
Torsten JOKISCH
Michael Ott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3066305A1 publication Critical patent/EP3066305A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means
    • B23K26/1438—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow control means for directional control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
    • B23K10/02—Plasma welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/002—Devices involving relative movement between electronbeam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/144—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/005—Repairing methods or devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D9/00—Stators
    • F01D9/02—Nozzles; Nozzle boxes; Stator blades; Guide conduits, e.g. individual nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F05D2230/232—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together by welding
    • F05D2230/233—Electron beam welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
    • F05D2300/17—Alloys
    • F05D2300/175—Superalloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a welding method in which the welding beam is moved in an oscillating manner.
  • the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
  • Figure 1 shows an arrangement for welding
  • Figure 2-4 the flow of the pendulum motion.
  • FIG. 1 shows a device 1 of a welding process, in particular a laser welding process, by means of which the invention is explained in a non-restrictive manner.
  • the process is thus not limited to laser welding processes, but also applies to electron welding processes and other plasma welding processes with corresponding energy sources.
  • Material 8 is applied to a substrate 3, which is a high-Y x nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy in turbine blades and therefore generally a hard-to-weld alloy.
  • a weld bead 6 as part of the build-up weld has already been produced.
  • the welding bead represents the remelted area.
  • a powder nozzle as a material supply 14 leads Pul ⁇ ver 8, wherein the powder 8 is melted, here by a laser radiation 15.
  • the material 8 is supplied in the form of Pul ⁇ ver, but can also be supplied as a wire.
  • This laser radiation 15 is in particular pulsed.
  • the surface to be welded is constructed from a plurality of adjacent and possibly superimposed weld beads and preferably has a length greater than or equal to 4mm in at least one direction.
  • the example is triangular 44; 31, 34; 43, 49, 55 pendulum movement of the laser radiation 15 shown.
  • the pendulum motion is preferably only in one plane.
  • the triangular shape 44; 31, 34; 43, 49, 55 is preferably an acute-angled triangle and wherein preferably a height (in the travel direction 2) of the triangular shape 44 is at least twice as large as the bottom 24.
  • a swinging movement preferably proceeds as follows:
  • the laser radiation 15 moves counter to the travel direction 2 at an angle to the travel direction 2 up to a first deflection point 22, where the laser radiation 15 then perpendicular to the travel direction 2 in a direction 24 to a second Turning point 23 is moved.
  • the laser radiation 15 is further moved in total in the travel 2, it then moves obliquely to the traversing ⁇ direction 2 in direction of travel 2 in a first oblique direction 30 (Fig. 3) to a second starting point 31, the first in the direction of travel 2 after the Turning point 22 is located.
  • the second starting point 31 is shifted by a distance 4 on the height of the first order ⁇ directing point the 22nd
  • the laser radiation 15 then moves forward again up to a third deflection point 33.
  • the third deflection point 33 lies behind the first one in the direction of travel 2
  • a connecting line between the points 21, 33 is parallel to the travel direction 2. From there, the laser radiation 15 oscillates again at an angle to the travel direction. direction 2 against the direction of travel 2 up to a fourth deflection 34th
  • the fourth deflection point 34 lies in the direction perpendicular to the travel direction 2 at a height with the second starting point 31 and in the direction of travel 2 at a height with the second deflection point 23.
  • FIG. 4 The further triangular pendulum movement starting from FIG. 3 can then be seen in FIG. 4, in which the laser radiation 15 oscillates in a second oblique direction 40 to the travel direction 2 in the travel direction 2 to the seventh deflection point 55.
  • the seventh deflection point 55 lies at a height with the point 34. From there, the laser radiation 15 then moves in the direction of the third deflection point 33 to a fifth deflection point 43, which lies behind the deflection point 33 according to FIG.
  • the laser radiation 15 moves obliquely to the travel direction 2 in a third backward movement 46 up to a sixth deflection point 49. From the sixth deflection point 49, the laser radiation 15 oscillates perpendicular to the travel direction 2 to the seventh deflection point 55.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The oscillating movement in a vertical and/or horizontal direction during welding results in smaller grains, which prevent the formation of fractures during welding. The invention relates to a method for welding a substrate (3), in which an energy source (13) and/or a material feed (14) is or are moved in an oscillating motion over the surface (5) of the substrate (3).

Description

Pendelndes Schweißverfahren  Oscillating welding process
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Schweißverfahren, bei dem der Schweißstrahl oszillierend bewegt wird. The invention relates to a welding method in which the welding beam is moved in an oscillating manner.
Beim Laserauftragsschweißen von Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen mit hohem Anteil an metalltischer Phase γλ kann es zu Hei߬ rissbildung schon während Erstarrung der Schmelze kommen. Durch Verkleinerung des Strahldurchmessers des Lasers mit kreisförmiger Intensitätsverteilung werden kleinere Körner erzielt und Erstarrungsrisse können vermieden werden, jedoch wird dadurch die Aufbauraute des Materials kleiner. Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Schweißverfahren aufzuzeigen, mit dem kleine Körner und große Aufbauraten erzielt werden können. In laser welding of nickel base superalloys having a high content of metal phase diagrammatic γ λ can cause hot cracking ¬ already during solidification of the melt. By reducing the beam diameter of the laser with a circular intensity distribution smaller grains are achieved and solidification cracks can be avoided, however, thereby the build-up of the material is smaller. It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a welding method with which small grains and large build-up rates can be achieved.
Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1. The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1.
In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden kön¬ nen, um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen. Durch eine pendelnde Bewegung in horizontaler Richtung soll sich die Erstarrungsfront ständig verändern, so dass eine os¬ zillierende Erstarrungsform realisiert wird. Durch eine sich ständig verändernde Erstarrungsfunktion wird das Kornwachstum währen der Erstarrung der Schmelze unterbrochen und das Ge- füge erstarrt feinkörnig. Durch die Feinkörnigkeit des Gefü¬ ges werden die mithin verbleibenden Schweißeigenspannungen auf die Korngrenzen verteilt, so dass Risse in der Schwei߬ naht oder im Schweißgut vermieden werden. Das Schweißverfahren kann ein Umschmelzen oder ein Auftragsschweißen darstellen. Bei beiden Verfahren gibt es eine In the dependent claims further advantageous measures are listed, which are combined with each other Kings ¬ nen to obtain further advantages. By a pendulum movement in the horizontal direction, the solidification front should change constantly, so that an os ¬ zillierende solidification is realized. Due to an ever-changing solidification function, the grain growth is interrupted during the solidification of the melt and the structure solidifies in fine-grained form. Due to the fine grain of the Gefü ¬ ges the remaining residual welding stresses are distributed to the grain boundaries, so that cracks in the welding ¬ seam or weld metal are avoided. The welding process can be remelting or build-up welding. There is one for both methods
Schmelze und Erstarrungsfront. Es zeigen: Melt and solidification front. Show it:
Figur 1 eine Anordnung zum Schweißen Figure 1 shows an arrangement for welding
Figur 2 - 4 den Ablauf der Pendelbewegung. Figure 2-4 the flow of the pendulum motion.
Die Figur und die Beschreibung stellen nur Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar. The figure and the description represent only embodiments of the invention.
Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Vorrichtung 1 eines Schweißverfahrens, insbesondere eines Laserschweißverfahrens, anhand dessen in nicht eingeschränkter Weise die Erfindung erläutert wird. FIG. 1 shows a device 1 of a welding process, in particular a laser welding process, by means of which the invention is explained in a non-restrictive manner.
Das Verfahren ist also nicht beschränkt auf Laserschweißver- fahren, sondern gilt auch für Elektronenschweißverfahren und andere Plasmaschweißverfahren mit entsprechenden Energiequellen . The process is thus not limited to laser welding processes, but also applies to electron welding processes and other plasma welding processes with corresponding energy sources.
Auf ein Substrat 3, das bei Turbinenschaufeln eine nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Superlegierung mit hohen Yx-Anteil und daher allgemein eine schwer schweißbare Legierung darstellt, wird Material 8 aufgetragen. Material 8 is applied to a substrate 3, which is a high-Y x nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy in turbine blades and therefore generally a hard-to-weld alloy.
Eine Schweißraupe 6 als ein Teil der Auftragsschweißung ist schon erzeugt worden. A weld bead 6 as part of the build-up weld has already been produced.
Im Falle eines Umschmelzverfahrens stellt die Schweißraupe den umgeschmolzenen Bereich dar.  In the case of a remelting process, the welding bead represents the remelted area.
Dort, wo ein Laser als beispielhafte Energiequelle 13 seine Laserstrahlen 15 (Fig.2) auf das Substrat 3 richtet, ist ein Schmelzbad 7 vorhanden. There, where a laser as an exemplary energy source 13 its laser beams 15 (Figure 2) directed to the substrate 3, a molten bath 7 is present.
Vorzugsweise eine Pulverdüse als Materialzufuhr 14 führt Pul¬ ver 8 zu, wobei das Pulver 8 aufgeschmolzen wird, hier durch eine Laserstrahlung 15. Das Material 8 wird in Form von Pul¬ ver zugeführt, kann aber auch als Draht zugeführt werden. Diese Laserstrahlung 15 ist insbesondere gepulst. Die zu schweißende Fläche wird aus mehreren nebeneinander und ggf. übereinanderliegenden Schweißraupen aufgebaut und weist vorzugsweise in zumindest einer Richtung eine Länge größer gleich 4mm auf. Preferably, a powder nozzle as a material supply 14 leads Pul ¬ ver 8, wherein the powder 8 is melted, here by a laser radiation 15. The material 8 is supplied in the form of Pul ¬ ver, but can also be supplied as a wire. This laser radiation 15 is in particular pulsed. The surface to be welded is constructed from a plurality of adjacent and possibly superimposed weld beads and preferably has a length greater than or equal to 4mm in at least one direction.
In den Figuren 2, 3, 4 ist die beispielsweise dreieckförmige 44; 31, 34; 43, 49, 55 Pendelbewegung der Laserstrahlung 15 dargestellt . Die Pendelbewegung erfolgt vorzugsweise nur in einer Ebene. In FIGS. 2, 3, 4, the example is triangular 44; 31, 34; 43, 49, 55 pendulum movement of the laser radiation 15 shown. The pendulum motion is preferably only in one plane.
Die Dreiecksform 44; 31, 34; 43, 49, 55 ist vorzugsweise ein spitzwinkliges Dreieck und wobei vorzugsweise eine Höhe (in Verfahrrichtung 2) der Dreiecksform 44 mindestens zweimal so groß ist wie der Boden 24. The triangular shape 44; 31, 34; 43, 49, 55 is preferably an acute-angled triangle and wherein preferably a height (in the travel direction 2) of the triangular shape 44 is at least twice as large as the bottom 24.
Eine pendelnde Bewegung läuft vorzugsweise wie folgt ab: A swinging movement preferably proceeds as follows:
Von einem ersten Startpunkt 21 (Fig. 2) aus bewegt sich die Laserstrahlung 15 entgegen der Verfahrrichtung 2 unter einem Winkel zur Verfahrrichtung 2 bis zu einem ersten Umlenkpunkt 22, wo die Laserstrahlung 15 dann senkrecht zur Verfahrrichtung 2 in einer Richtung 24 bis zu einem zweiten Umlenkpunkt 23 verfahren wird. Damit die Laserstrahlung 15 sich insgesamt in Verfahrrichtung 2 weiter fortbewegt, bewegt sie sich dann schräg zur Verfahr¬ richtung 2 in Verfahrrichtung 2 in einer ersten schrägen Richtung 30 (Fig. 3) zu einem zweiten Startpunkt 31, der in der Verfahrrichtung 2 hinter dem ersten Umlenkpunkt 22 liegt. Der zweite Startpunkt 31 liegt auf der Höhe des ersten Um¬ lenkpunkts 22 um einen Abstand 4 verschoben. From a first starting point 21 (FIG. 2), the laser radiation 15 moves counter to the travel direction 2 at an angle to the travel direction 2 up to a first deflection point 22, where the laser radiation 15 then perpendicular to the travel direction 2 in a direction 24 to a second Turning point 23 is moved. Thus, the laser radiation 15 is further moved in total in the travel 2, it then moves obliquely to the traversing ¬ direction 2 in direction of travel 2 in a first oblique direction 30 (Fig. 3) to a second starting point 31, the first in the direction of travel 2 after the Turning point 22 is located. The second starting point 31 is shifted by a distance 4 on the height of the first order ¬ directing point the 22nd
Von dort aus bewegt sich die Laserstrahlung 15 dann wieder vorwärts bis zu einem dritten Umlenkpunkt 33. Der dritte Um- lenkpunkt 33 liegt in Verfahrrichtung 2 hinter dem erstenFrom there, the laser radiation 15 then moves forward again up to a third deflection point 33. The third deflection point 33 lies behind the first one in the direction of travel 2
Startpunkt 21. Eine Verbindungslinie zwischen den Punkten 21, 33 ist parallel zur Verfahrrichtung 2. Von dort aus pendelt die Laserstrahlung 15 wieder unter einem Winkel zur Verfahr- richtung 2 entgegen der Verfahrrichtung 2 bis zu einem vierten Umlenkpunkt 34. Starting point 21. A connecting line between the points 21, 33 is parallel to the travel direction 2. From there, the laser radiation 15 oscillates again at an angle to the travel direction. direction 2 against the direction of travel 2 up to a fourth deflection 34th
Der vierte Umlenkpunkt 34 liegt in senkrechter Richtung zur Verfahrrichtung 2 auf einer Höhe mit dem zweiten Startpunkt 31 und in Verfahrrichtung 2 auf einer Höhe mit dem zweiten Umlenkpunkt 23.  The fourth deflection point 34 lies in the direction perpendicular to the travel direction 2 at a height with the second starting point 31 and in the direction of travel 2 at a height with the second deflection point 23.
In einer zweiten senkrechten Verfahrrichtung 36 senkrecht zur Verfahrrichtung 2 bewegt sich die Laserstrahlung 15 zum zwei- ten Startpunkt 31 der dreieckförmigen Pendelbewegung zurück (Figur 3) . In a second vertical movement direction 36 perpendicular to the direction of travel 2, the laser radiation 15 moves back to the second starting point 31 of the triangular pendulum movement (FIG. 3).
In Figur 4 ist dann die weitere dreiecksförmige Pendelbewe- gung ausgehend von Figur 3 zu erkennen, bei dem die Laserstrahlung 15 in einer zweiten schrägen Richtung 40 zur Verfahrrichtung 2 in Verfahrrichtung 2 zum siebten Umlenkpunkt 55 pendelt. Der siebte Umlenkpunkt 55 liegt auf einer Höhe mit dem Punkt 34. Von dort aus bewegt sich die Laserstrahlung 15 dann in Richtung des dritten Umlenkpunkts 33 zu einem fünften Umlenkpunkt 43, der hinter dem Umlenkpunkt 33 gemäß Figur 3 liegt. The further triangular pendulum movement starting from FIG. 3 can then be seen in FIG. 4, in which the laser radiation 15 oscillates in a second oblique direction 40 to the travel direction 2 in the travel direction 2 to the seventh deflection point 55. The seventh deflection point 55 lies at a height with the point 34. From there, the laser radiation 15 then moves in the direction of the third deflection point 33 to a fifth deflection point 43, which lies behind the deflection point 33 according to FIG.
Vom fünften Umlenkpunkt 43 aus bewegt sich die Laserstrahlung 15 schräg zur Verfahrrichtung 2 entgegen der Verfahrrichtung 2 in einer dritten Rückwärtsbewegung 46 bis zu einem sechsten Umlenkpunkt 49. Vom sechsten Umlenkpunkt 49 aus pendelt die Laserstrahlung 15 senkrecht zur Verfahrrichtung 2 zum siebten Umlenkpunkt 55. From the fifth deflection point 43, the laser radiation 15 moves obliquely to the travel direction 2 in a third backward movement 46 up to a sixth deflection point 49. From the sixth deflection point 49, the laser radiation 15 oscillates perpendicular to the travel direction 2 to the seventh deflection point 55.
Quasi wird für den Verlauf der Laserstrahlung 15 immer eine Dreiecksform in Verfahrrichtung 2 verschoben, so dass eine Überlappung der Dreiecksformen erfolgt. Dies stellt nur eine Vorgehensweise beim vorzugsweise drei¬ eckförmigen Pendeln dar. Durch diese Vorgehensweise werden aufgrund der Erfindung ver¬ besserte Materialeigenschaften erreicht. Almost always a triangular shape in the direction of travel 2 is shifted for the course of the laser radiation 15, so that an overlap of the triangular shapes takes place. This represents only one approach when preferably three ¬ eckförmigen commuting. By doing so, due to the invention ver ¬ improved material properties are achieved.

Claims

Patentansprüche Patent claims
1. Verfahren zum Schweißen eines Substrats (3), 1. Method for welding a substrate (3),
bei dem eine Energiequelle (13) und/oder in which an energy source (13) and/or
eine Materialzufuhr (14) a material supply (14)
pendelnd gegenüber der Oberfläche (5) des Substrats (3) be¬ wegt wird oder werden. is or will be moved in an oscillating manner relative to the surface (5) of the substrate (3).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2. Method according to claim 1,
bei dem eine Umschmelzschweißung stattfindet. in which refusion welding takes place.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 3. Method according to claim 1,
bei dem eine Auftragsschweißung stattfindet. in which deposition welding takes place.
Verfahren nach einem oder beiden der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, bei dem die Energiequelle (13) pendelnd zumindest einmal zumindest teilweise in einer Dreiecksform (22) zur Oberflä¬ che (5) bewegt wird. Method according to one or both of claims 1 or 2, in which the energy source (13) is moved at least once at least partially in a triangular shape (22) to the surface (5).
Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2 oder 3, Method according to one or more of claims 1, 2 or 3,
bei dem die Energiequelle (13) pendelnd zumindest einmal in einer Dreiecksform (22) zur Oberfläche (5) bewegt wird. in which the energy source (13) is moved at least once in a triangular shape (22) to the surface (5).
Verfahren nach einem oder beiden der Ansprüchen 1 oderMethod according to one or both of claims 1 or
3, 3,
bei dem die Energiequelle (13) und die Materialzufuhr (14) zumindest einmal pendelnd zumindest teilweise in einer Dreiecksform (22) zur Oberfläche (5) bewegt wird. in which the energy source (13) and the material supply (14) are moved at least once in an oscillating manner, at least partially in a triangular shape (22) to the surface (5).
7. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 3 oder 6, 7. Method according to one or more of claims 1, 3 or 6,
bei dem die Energiequelle (13) und die Materialzufuhr (14) zumindest einmal pendelnd in einer Dreiecksform (22) zur Oberfläche (5) bewegt wird in which the energy source (13) and the material supply (14) are moved at least once in an oscillating manner in a triangular shape (22) to the surface (5).
8. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 oder 7, 8. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7,
bei dem eine Laserstrahlung als Energiequelle (13) verwen¬ det wird. in which laser radiation is used as an energy source (13).
9. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen An- sprüche 1, 3 bis 8, 9. Method according to one or more of the previous claims 1, 3 to 8,
bei dem Pulver (8) über die Materialzufuhr (14) zugeführt wird . in which powder (8) is supplied via the material supply (14).
10. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorherigen Ansprüche, 10. Method according to one or more of the previous claims,
bei dem nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Superlegierungen als Substrat (3) verwendet werden. in which nickel or cobalt-based superalloys are used as a substrate (3).
11. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, 11. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
bei dem eine Schweißdüse (10) verwendet wird, in which a welding nozzle (10) is used,
die die Materialzufuhr (14), which the material supply (14),
insbesondere Pulverzufuhr (14) und in particular powder supply (14) and
eine Erzeugung und Zufuhr der Energie (13), a generation and supply of energy (13),
insbesondere der Laserstrahlung (13), in particular the laser radiation (13),
aufweist . having .
12. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, 12. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
bei dem die pendelnde Auslenkung bis zu 2mm, in which the oscillating deflection is up to 2mm,
insbesondere eine Auslenkung zwischen 1mm und 2mm, beträgt . in particular a deflection between 1mm and 2mm.
13. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, 13. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
bei dem die geschweißte Fläche in zumindest einer Ausrich¬ tung > 4mm beträgt. in which the welded area is > 4mm in at least one orientation .
14. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, 14. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
bei dem die Energiequelle (13) und /oder Materialzufuhr (14) mehrmals quer, in which the energy source (13) and/or material supply (14) crosses several times,
insbesondere senkrecht zur Verfahrrichtung (2) bewegt wird is moved in particular perpendicular to the direction of travel (2).
15. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, 15. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
bei dem die Pendelbewegung nur zweidimensional erfolgt. in which the pendulum movement only takes place in two dimensions.
16. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Patentansprüche, 16. Method according to one or more of the preceding claims,
bei dem die Dreiecksform in eine Verfahrrichtung (2) verschoben wird. in which the triangular shape is shifted in a travel direction (2).
EP14707705.1A 2014-01-17 2014-02-21 Oscillating welding method Withdrawn EP3066305A1 (en)

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US20160318124A1 (en) 2016-11-03
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US10286490B2 (en) 2019-05-14
US20190091800A1 (en) 2019-03-28

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