EP3063828B1 - Unterwasser-funkfrequenzantenne - Google Patents

Unterwasser-funkfrequenzantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3063828B1
EP3063828B1 EP14789279.8A EP14789279A EP3063828B1 EP 3063828 B1 EP3063828 B1 EP 3063828B1 EP 14789279 A EP14789279 A EP 14789279A EP 3063828 B1 EP3063828 B1 EP 3063828B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
antenna
resonant cavity
probe
underwater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14789279.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3063828A1 (de
Inventor
François LE PENNEC
Christian GAC
Hector Fabian GUARNIZO MENDEZ
Christian Person
Ronan APPRIOUAL
Raymond JEZEQUEL
Serge Pinel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Francais de Recherche pour lExploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
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Institut Francais de Recherche pour lExploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
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Publication of EP3063828A1 publication Critical patent/EP3063828A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
    • H01P7/06—Cavity resonators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/06—Waveguide mouths

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of underwater communication systems and more particularly to the antennas used in underwater communication systems communicating by radio waves or electromagnetic signals.
  • the invention relates more particularly to an underwater radiofrequency antenna.
  • WFS Wireless Fiber and Systems Technologies
  • the document US 6,154,179 describes an antenna, of dipole type, comprising an antenna element 18 disposed between a highly dielectric layer 16 and a weakly dielectric layer 25.
  • the document WO 2012/113757 describes an underwater antenna comprising a horn antenna, means for exciting the horn.
  • the invention aims to meet the need for high speed data transmission, for example real time or deferred video data, or measurement data, without contact between two pieces of equipment submerged at sea, possibly not perfectly stabilized. .
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an antenna that is not very sensitive to variations in sea conditions, in particular variations in pressure, salinity, and temperature.
  • the antenna generates radiofrequency radiation from a resonant cavity open at one of its ends and excited by excitation means, the interior of the resonant cavity being isolated from the underwater environment. by at least one layer of dielectric material filling the cavity at its open end.
  • the layer of dielectric material partially or completely fills the resonant cavity.
  • the operating frequency is included in the frequency band [10 MHz - 10 GHz], preferably situated around 2.4 GHz so as to be compatible with the ISM frequencies and in particular the standard of Wi-Fi communication IEEE 802.11g or its subsequent developments located in these same ISM frequency bands.
  • the conductive tube is of generally cylindrical shape so as to form an antenna with circular opening, and the radius of the conductive tube and / or the relative permittivity of the dielectric material are determined to fix the nominal frequency of the radiation.
  • Two optics are indeed possible to choose the radius of the tube and the permittivity value of the dielectric material: if the layer of dielectric material is used as a simple sealing cover for the cavity, then its permittivity characteristics and its dimensions are chosen so as not to disturb the frequency too much while resisting pressure; the layer of dielectric material can also be used to reduce the general dimensions of the antenna; in this case, the permittivity value of the layer of dielectric material and the radius of the cavity are determined to fix the frequency of the electromagnetic radiation.
  • tube shapes are possible, such as tubes with an elliptical, square, rectangular or more generally polygonal cross section.
  • the conductive tube having an axis of longitudinal symmetry, the means for exciting the resonant cavity are arranged on said longitudinal axis of symmetry of the conductive tube so as to excite the cavity by a mode of symmetry cavity azimuthal.
  • the azimuthal symmetry cavity mode is for example related to the TM 010 mode of a metal cavity.
  • the antenna comprises a layer of single dielectric material partially or completely filling the resonant cavity.
  • the antenna comprises a plurality of layers of dielectric material in the tube. It comprises at least first and second superimposed layers of dielectric material at least partially filling said resonant cavity, the dielectric material of said first layer being different from that of said second layer.
  • the invention also relates to a radiofrequency device capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation through an underwater propagation medium, comprising an antenna connected to a modem, characterized in that the antenna is as defined above.
  • a resonant cavity antenna with circular opening in which the resonant cavity is excited by a resonant mode whose fields depend only on the radial position considered (and not on the azimuth or height), which is similar to the transverse magnetic mode TM 010 known for a closed empty cylindrical metallic cavity.
  • this resonant mode will be designated as the TM 010 mode taking into account the proximity between the configuration of its electromagnetic fields and those of the TM 010 mode for a closed empty metal cavity. This proximity is all the more evident the higher the conductivity of the seawater considered.
  • the underwater radiofrequency antenna comprises a hollow tube 1 of conductive material having an open end 10 and a closed end 11.
  • This tube made for example of stainless metal, is intended to form a resonant cavity.
  • the tube 1 is generally cylindrical in shape and has a longitudinal axis of symmetry X.
  • Excitation means are arranged in the resonant cavity to excite it.
  • the excitation means comprise a probe 2, one end of which 20 is connected to a signal supply cable 3.
  • This cable is for example a coaxial cable.
  • the core of the coaxial cable is then connected to the probe.
  • the probe 2 is supplied with signals by the cable 3 and is positioned in the center of the wall of the closed end 11 of the tube so that the resonant cavity emits electromagnetic radiation through the open end 10.
  • a hole is made in the wall of the closed end 11 to allow the passage of the cable 3 or a cable / probe transition.
  • the other end 21 of the probe 2 is provided with a so-called transition element 22 having the shape of an inverted triangle whose apex is connected to the end 21.
  • This transition element has the role of optimizing the excitation of the cavity.
  • the tube 1 is partially filled with a layer 4 of dielectric material so as to close the open end 10 of the resonant cavity and make it tight vis-à-vis the underwater environment. For the rest, the tube is filled with air.
  • the layer 4 is chosen to withstand the pressure in an underwater environment, this pressure obviously depending on the depth at which the antenna is used. Layer 4 was also chosen so as not to reduce the radiation from the cavity. Its height, its constituent material and the shape of its interfaces with the inside and the outside of the cavity can be modified to obtain specific focusing properties of the radiation or to facilitate the adaptation of the antenna.
  • the dielectric material is for example PVC, HDPE, polypropylene or glass.
  • An annular seal 5 is advantageously arranged in the cavity, at the open end 10 of the tube, to reduce the risk of a leak in the cavity vis-à-vis the propagation medium.
  • the higher the permittivity of the dielectric material the more it is possible to reduce the radius of the cavity when the dielectric material completely fills the cavity.
  • This antenna of generally cylindrical shape, has a circular opening and radiates through this opening.
  • the constituent elements of the antenna are positioned and dimensioned so that the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the antenna has a frequency that is not very sensitive to the variability of sea conditions.
  • the choice of mode TM 010 imposes a resonance frequency which essentially depends on the radius of the cavity, therefore little of the salinity conditions at the open end.
  • the antenna is designed for in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. If the dielectric material overwhelmingly fills the cavity, the radius of the tube 1 and the relative permittivity of the dielectric material are then determined to fix the nominal frequency of the radiation at this operating frequency.
  • the position of the probe (centered or offset from the axis of the tube), its length (distance from the transition from the closed end), the shape (triangular, conical, annular, ...) and the dimensions of the transition element can vary and are defined to optimally excite the electromagnetic wave at the targeted operating frequency, while making it possible to optimize the properties chosen for the antenna: gain or antenna factor, polarization, more or less important focusing of the radiation, bandwidth.
  • the cylindrical shape of the tube and the use of a planar probe centered on the axis of symmetry of the tube with a triangular transition allows to excite the cavity with an invariant resonant mode in azimuth, for example TM 010 mode .
  • the positioning of the probe in the tube and the shape of its transition element can also be modified so as to partially excite several contiguous resonant modes whose coupling depends on the operating frequency, and this in order to regulate the bandwidth of the 'antenna.
  • the use of a probe itself resonant may, by coupling with the radiating cavity, naturally increase the bandwidth.
  • a truncated cone-shaped probe whose enlarged base is located on the side of the opening of the cavity and whose length is close to that of a quarter-wave monopole at the central operating frequency will allow such a production.
  • the cavity and the probe being both in resonance on frequencies very close to the chosen central operating frequency, their mutual coupling will lead to a broadening of the bandwidth according to the usual behavior of coupled resonators.
  • transitions having a general ream shape made it possible to widen the bandwidth of the antenna compared to the triangular shape. Transitions of generally frustoconical shape have also been favorably tested.
  • the holes (or orifices) necessary for connecting the probes can then be made in the peripheral wall of the tube.
  • a loop-shaped probe suitably sized and located in the cross-section plane inside the cavity makes it possible to excite the TM 010 mode by magnetic coupling, while the triangular probe located in the center of the cavity promotes its electrical coupling.
  • the operating frequency of this antenna is by construction very insensitive to the variability of the conditions of underwater environments (pressure, salinity, temperature, turbidity ...), because it is the tubular resonant cavity which fixes this frequency of operation and that only its radiating opening is in contact with this propagation medium.
  • operation in fresh or salt water only significantly changes the range possible for an antenna with a cylindrical cavity excited depending on the mode. TM 010 , said range being a function of the natural attenuation of radio waves in these different environments.
  • the figure 3 shows a simplified diagram of two distant underwater equipment exchanging data by radio. They are each equipped with an antenna 31 as defined previously connected, directly or by a cable 33, to a modem 32.
  • the antennas are aligned so that their longitudinal axes X coincide.
  • the use of a resonant mode with azimuthal symmetry makes it possible to obtain a transmission which tolerates misalignment or instability between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.
  • the modem is for example a radio modem conforming to the Wi-Fi communication standard IEEE 802.11g. We can then obtain speeds of up to 54 Mbit / s.
  • the first measurements on a prototype showed a bandwidth of around 70 MHz around the 2.4 GHz frequency and a range between 10 and 15 cm in standard sea water at room temperature and up to 25 cm in fresh water at room temperature.
  • the limitation of the range comes essentially from the strong attenuation of radio waves in the propagation medium at the frequencies used (2.4 GHz).
  • the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 has an antenna comprising a tube 1 of generally cylindrical shape partially filled with a layer 4 of dielectric material.
  • the tube 1 may include a plurality of dielectric layers superimposed as illustrated in the figure 4 , said layers having different permittivities.
  • This makes it possible for example to use a hydrophobic material for the upper dielectric layer and a material which is not necessarily hydrophobic for the lower layers, and this in order to minimize the manufacturing costs of the antenna while optimizing certain electrical properties of the antenna (adaptation, bandwidth, focusing of radiation) or mechanical (resistance to pressure).
  • the embodiments described above have been given by way of example. It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that they can be modified, in particular as regards the shape of the cavity, and the permittivity of the dielectric layer, without going beyond the scope of the appended claims.
  • the antenna described here can communicate with a standard radio antenna operating on the same frequency. It could for example communicate with a standard antenna located inside an underwater vehicle whose wall is arranged to allow the passage of electromagnetic radiation (for example a porthole).

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Unterwasser-Hochfrequenzantenne, die in der Lage ist, in ein Unterwasser-Ausbreitungsmedium zu strahlen, umfassend:
    - ein Hohlleiterrohr (1), das einen Resonanzhohlraum bildet, wobei das Leiterrohr ein offenes Ende und ein geschlossenes Ende aufweist,
    - Mittel zum Erregen (2) des Resonanzhohlraums, die dazu geeignet sind, mit Signalen gespeist zu werden und so eingerichtet sind, dass der Resonanzhohlraum eine elektromagnetische Strahlung durch das offene Ende emittiert,
    - mindestens eine Schicht (4) aus dielektrischem Material, die den Resonanzhohlraum mindestens teilweise ausfüllt, um das offene Ende des Resonanzhohlraums zu verschließen und den Hohlraum gegenüber dem Unterwassermilieu abzudichten, wobei die Schicht in der Lage ist, dem Druck im Unterwassermilieu standzuhalten und die elektromagnetische Strahlung durchzulassen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zum Erregen des Resonanzhohlraums eine Sonde (2) umfassen, die über eines ihrer Enden, das als erstes Ende (20) bezeichnet wird, durch ein Loch in der Wand des Resonanzhohlraums mit einem Signalspeisekabel (3) verbunden ist, wobei das Loch im Wesentlichen in der Mitte der Wand des geschlossenen Endes des Leiterrohrs derart ausgestaltet ist, dass die Sonde (2) im Wesentlichen auf der Symmetrieachse (X) des Leiterrohrs positioniert ist, und
    dadurch, dass die Sonde an einem zweiten Ende (21) ein als Übergangselement bezeichnetes Element (22) aufweist, das eine allgemeine Form eines umgekehrten Dreiecks aufweist, dessen Spitze mit dem zweiten Ende verbunden ist.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Betriebsfrequenz im Frequenzband [10 MHz GHz - 10 GHz] umfasst ist, vorzugsweise um 2,4 GHz herum liegt.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Leiterrohr (1) von allgemein zylindrischer Form ist, sodass es eine Antenne mit kreisrunder Öffnung bildet, wobei der Radius des Leiterrohres und/oder die relative Permittivität des dielektrischen Materials bestimmt sind, um die Nennfrequenz der elektromagnetischen Strahlung zu fixieren.
  4. Antenne nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Leiterrohr (1) eine Längssymmetrieachse (X) aufweist, und dadurch, dass die Mittel zum Erregen (2) des Resonanzhohlraums auf der Längssymmetrieachse des Leiterrohrs angeordnet sind, sodass der Hohlraum durch eine azimutalsymmetrische Hohlraummode angeregt wird.
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die azimutalsymmetrische Hohlraummode die TM010-Mode ist.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sonde ein mit dem Hohlraum gekoppeltes Resonanzelement ist.
  7. Antenne nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mindestens eine erste und eine zweite übereinanderliegende Schicht aus dielektrischem Material umfasst, die den Resonanzhohlraum mindestens teilweise ausfüllen, wobei sich das dielektrische Material der ersten Schicht vom elektrischen Material der zweiten Schicht unterscheidet.
  8. Hochfrequenzvorrichtung, die in der Lage ist, eine elektromagnetische Strahlung durch ein Unterwasser-Ausbreitungsmedium zu emittieren, umfassend eine an ein Modem angeschlossene Antenne, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antenne einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 entspricht.
EP14789279.8A 2013-10-29 2014-10-24 Unterwasser-funkfrequenzantenne Active EP3063828B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1360581A FR3012684B1 (fr) 2013-10-29 2013-10-29 Antenne radiofrequence sous-marine
PCT/EP2014/072912 WO2015062995A1 (fr) 2013-10-29 2014-10-24 Antenne radiofrequence sous-marine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3063828A1 EP3063828A1 (de) 2016-09-07
EP3063828B1 true EP3063828B1 (de) 2020-02-12

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EP14789279.8A Active EP3063828B1 (de) 2013-10-29 2014-10-24 Unterwasser-funkfrequenzantenne

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US (1) US10074897B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3063828B1 (de)
FR (1) FR3012684B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2015062995A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106654539B (zh) * 2017-01-18 2023-07-18 华南理工大学 一种基于金属一体化结构的滤波天线
EP3796748B1 (de) * 2018-06-29 2023-11-08 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Verfahren zur durchführung eines kommunikationsdienstes unter verwendung mehrerer modems
US20200177221A1 (en) * 2018-12-04 2020-06-04 The United States Of America As Represented By Secretary Of The Navy Submerged Maritime Tag Track and Locate Device and System
CN110099472B (zh) * 2019-05-31 2025-03-11 董继东 用于复温复苏生物组织的微波功率发射辐射结构
US20230411823A1 (en) * 2020-11-05 2023-12-21 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Composite member and structure

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012113757A1 (en) * 2011-02-21 2012-08-30 Subsea Ideas As Underwater connector arrangement

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US4672387A (en) * 1985-03-04 1987-06-09 International Standard Electric Corporation Antenna systems for omnidirectional pattern
AU5554690A (en) * 1989-05-03 1990-11-29 University Of Lancaster Antenna system
US6154179A (en) * 1997-11-28 2000-11-28 Kohno; Kazuo Underground or underwater antennas
DE102008020036B4 (de) * 2008-04-21 2010-04-01 Krohne Meßtechnik GmbH & Co KG Dielektrische Antenne
GB0808728D0 (en) * 2008-05-14 2008-06-18 Lucas James Device for propagation of electromagnetic waves through water

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012113757A1 (en) * 2011-02-21 2012-08-30 Subsea Ideas As Underwater connector arrangement

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
LAOHAPENSAENG C ET AL: "Input resistance of a hollow cylindrical cavity resonator excited by an electric probe", CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, 1998. IEEE APCCAS 1998. THE 1998 IEEE ASIA-PACIF IC CONFERENCE ON CHIANGMAI, THAILAND 24-27 NOV. 1998, PISCATAWAY, NJ, USA,IEEE, US, 24 November 1998 (1998-11-24), pages 695 - 698, XP010319385, ISBN: 978-0-7803-5146-2, DOI: 10.1109/APCCAS.1998.743916 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3063828A1 (de) 2016-09-07
FR3012684A1 (fr) 2015-05-01
WO2015062995A1 (fr) 2015-05-07
US20160365626A1 (en) 2016-12-15
FR3012684B1 (fr) 2015-11-13
US10074897B2 (en) 2018-09-11

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