EP3063818A1 - Complexes organo-metalliques a base d'iridium a titre de catalyseurs d'oxydation - Google Patents
Complexes organo-metalliques a base d'iridium a titre de catalyseurs d'oxydationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3063818A1 EP3063818A1 EP14809521.9A EP14809521A EP3063818A1 EP 3063818 A1 EP3063818 A1 EP 3063818A1 EP 14809521 A EP14809521 A EP 14809521A EP 3063818 A1 EP3063818 A1 EP 3063818A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- iridium
- radicals
- equal
- organometallic complex
- represent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 44
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 44
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- VYVIOMJSKUGJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir+2] Chemical compound [Ir+2] VYVIOMJSKUGJLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 porphinyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000006272 (C3-C7) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- NSABRUJKERBGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+);2-phenylpyridine Chemical compound [Ir+3].[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1.[C-]1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 NSABRUJKERBGOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000641 acridinyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002178 anthracenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001570 methylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 5
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GFSFWLGQTIKUOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ir].F[C]1C=C(F)C=C=C1c1ccccn1.F[C]1C=C(F)C=C=C1c1ccccn1.F[C]1C=C(F)C=C=C1c1ccccn1 Chemical compound [Ir].F[C]1C=C(F)C=C=C1c1ccccn1.F[C]1C=C(F)C=C=C1c1ccccn1.F[C]1C=C(F)C=C=C1c1ccccn1 GFSFWLGQTIKUOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Gluconic acid Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Pt] Chemical compound [C].[Pt] DSVGQVZAZSZEEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006165 cyclic alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxoiridium Chemical class O=[Ir]=O HTXDPTMKBJXEOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium(3+) Chemical compound [Ir+3] MILUBEOXRNEUHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001434 methanylylidene group Chemical group [H]C#[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003071 polychlorinated biphenyls Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003367 polycyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1009—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with one of the reactants being liquid, solid or liquid-charged
- H01M8/1011—Direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC], e.g. direct methanol fuel cells [DMFC]
- H01M8/1013—Other direct alcohol fuel cells [DAFC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/923—Compounds thereof with non-metallic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0202—Polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0205—Bi- or polynuclear complexes, i.e. comprising two or more metal coordination centres, without metal-metal bonds, e.g. Cp(Lx)Zr-imidazole-Zr(Lx)Cp
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/80—Complexes comprising metals of Group VIII as the central metal
- B01J2531/82—Metals of the platinum group
- B01J2531/827—Iridium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
- B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- Organo-metallic complexes based on iridium as oxidation catalysts Organo-metallic complexes based on iridium as oxidation catalysts
- the present invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to carbohydrates. More specifically, it aims to propose a new type of catalyst for the oxidation of carbohydrates and / or oligosaccharides, in particular glucose.
- a fuel cell is a battery in which the manufacture of electricity is done through the oxidation on an electrode, called anode, of a reducing fuel (such as hydrogen or glucose for example) coupled with the reduction on the other electrode, the cathode, an oxidant, such as oxygen in the air.
- a reducing fuel such as hydrogen or glucose for example
- batteries whose fuel is based on carbohydrates and / or oligosaccharides, in particular glucose
- their operation most often requires the use of an enzymatic or the image, for example, of gold nanoparticles [1], catalysts based on iron or cobalt [2] or else catalysts based on iridium (IV) oxides and lead (II) [3] ], to stimulate the kinetics of oxidation reaction of the carbohydrate considered.
- the enzymatic catalysts interesting in that they operate at physiological pH, have, on the other hand, the disadvantage of being endowed with a very high molar mass.
- the active center that catalyzes glucose oxidation is too far away from the electron conducting medium and mediators must be added to facilitate electron transfer.
- metal catalysts they are most often not compatible with use at a physiological pH.
- gold nanoparticles are effective only at pHs well above 7.
- the subject of the present invention is the use of an organometallic complex based on iridium (II) and / or (III), as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbohydrates and / or oligosaccharides and in particular glucose.
- an organometallic complex based on iridium (II) and / or (III) as a catalyst for the oxidation of carbohydrates and / or oligosaccharides and in particular glucose.
- the radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 which are identical or different, represent a halogen atom, a group chosen from unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms and optionally substituted , or a group chosen from the groups N0 2 , CN, COR 1 , SO 2 R 1 , CO 2 R 1 , SO 2 OR 1 , NO, CONHR 1 , CO I NRV, NR * R 2 , OR 1 and SR 1 ,
- radicals B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 which may be identical or different, represent an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a single bond between Iridium Ir and the associated radical A, and preferably a link simple,
- R 1 and R 2 which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C 1-6 -alkyl or C 3-7 -cycloalkyl group,
- the dashes respectively between the radicals A 1 and A 2 and between the radicals A 3 and A 4 represent a possible covalent bond between the said radicals when they represent an unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical
- X and X ' which may be identical or different, represent an NR 1 group or a halogen, sulfur or oxygen atom, n represents an integer equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3,
- organometallic complex means a complex having at least one sigma bond ( ⁇ ) at a metal atom of said complex, in particular with respect to a carbon atom.
- organometallic complexes based on iridium (II) and / or (III), and more preferably on formula (I) can be effectively considered as catalysts for the oxidation of carbohydrates and this under pH conditions close to neutrality.
- the complexes considered according to the invention prove to be effective at a pH ranging from 5 to 9, preferably from 6 to 8.
- organometallic complexes based on iridium (III) are already known for their electroluminescent properties. [5] [6] However, this use is on the one hand clearly different from that considered according to the invention and moreover did not prejudge the effectiveness of such complexes as carbohydrate oxidation catalysts.
- the present invention relates to a battery comprising, as anode, an electrode on which is immobilized an organometallic complex of iridium as described above.
- the present invention relates to the use of an electrode comprising an organometallic metal complex of iridium according to the invention for the oxidation of carbohydrates and / or oligosaccharides, and preferably for the oxidation of glucose.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 correspond to the performance of three glucose cells according to examples 1 to 3, measured by cyclic voltammetry (power density in mW / cm 2 as a function of the voltage applied at V, scanning speed: 2 mV / s).
- FIG. 4 illustrates a cyclic voltammetry curve between 0 and 600 mV of an electrode according to the invention with respect to a saturated calomel electrode (SCE), in 0.5 M sulfuric acid (scanning speed: 50 mV / s).
- SCE saturated calomel electrode
- organometallic metal complex of iridium is advantageously of general formula (I) below:
- the radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 which are identical or different, represent a halogen atom, a group chosen from unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals, optionally containing one or more heteroatoms and optionally substituted, or a group selected from the groups N0 2 , CN, COR 1 , S0 2 OR 1 , NO, CONHR 1 , CO 2 V, NR * R 2 , OR 1 and SR 1 ,
- radicals B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 which may be identical or different, represent an oxygen atom, a methylene group or a single bond between Iridium Ir and the associated radical A, and preferably a link simple, R 1 and R 2, which are identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C 1-6 -alkyl or C 3-7 -cycloalkyl group,
- the dashes respectively between the radicals A 1 and A 2 and between the radicals A 3 and A 4 represent a possible covalent bond between the said radicals when they represent an unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical
- X and X ' which may be identical or different, represent a group R 1 or a halogen, sulfur or oxygen atom,
- n an integer equal to 0, 1, 2 or 3
- a halogen atom denotes a fluorine, a chlorine, a bromine or an iodine
- t and z can take values from 1 to 7, designates a carbon chain which can have from t to z carbon atoms, for example a C 1-3 carbon chain which can have from 1 to 3 carbon atoms;
- alkyl denotes a saturated, linear or branched aliphatic group; for example a C 1-6 alkyl group represents a linear or branched carbon chain of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more particularly a methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl;
- cycloalkyl denotes a cyclic alkyl group, for example a C 3-7 -cycloalkyl group represents a cyclic carbon group of 3 to 7 carbon atoms, more particularly a cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl;
- an unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical denotes a radical consisting of one to four rings, comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, each ring having at least one unsaturation and comprising from 3 to 7 ring members.
- a radical may include one or more identical or different heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur.
- each ring cycle has zero or one heteroatom.
- this radical is polycyclic, the rings can be condensed, for example the naphthalenyl, quinolinyl, anthracenyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl or indolyl radical, or linked to one another by a methine group, for example in the form of a porphinyl or chlorinyl radical.
- This radical preferably represents an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical.
- aromatic radical may be mentioned more particularly the phenyl, naphthalenyl and anthracenyl groups.
- heteroaromatic radical may be more particularly mentioned the pyridinyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, porphinyl, quinolinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, pyrrolyl and indolyl groups;
- substituted signifies that the radical may be substituted more particularly by a halogen atom, a phenyl and a R U R 12 group with R 11 and R 12 being as defined below;
- radicals x, y and their derivatives denotes the radicals x, y as such and the radicals x and y substituted with one or more identical or different substituents chosen from a halogen atom, a
- the radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 represent unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals and are preferably chosen from pyridinyl, phenyl, furanyl, benzyl, thiophenyl, porphinyl and naphthalenyl radicals. , quinolinyl, anthracenyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, pyrrolyl, chlorinyl, indolyl and their derivatives, preferably from pyridinyl, phenyl and indolyl radicals, and their derivatives, in particular from pyridinyl and phenyl radicals and their derivatives.
- radicals X and X ' are preferably identical and advantageously represent a halogen atom, and in particular a chlorine atom.
- formula (I) preferably:
- n 3 and m is 0, or
- n 2 and m is 1.
- radicals A 1 and A 2 are advantageously substituted monocyclic or unsaturated polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals, which are linked together via a covalent bond.
- radicals A 1 , A 2 , A 3 and A 4 advantageously represent unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals. optionally substituted, the radicals A 1 and A 3 being respectively linked to the radicals A 2 and A 4 via a covalent bond.
- a ⁇ A 2 is then preferably identical to A -A 4 .
- radicals A 3 and A 4 are advantageously unsaturated monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radicals which are optionally substituted and bound together via a covalent bond.
- a 1 and A 2 are preferably different, and / or
- a 3 and A 4 are preferably different.
- n is zero
- a 3 and A 4 are preferably different.
- a 1 and A 2 are preferably different.
- n and m are different from zero, A 1 and A 2 as well as A 3 and A 4 are preferably different.
- one of the radicals A 1 and A 2 may advantageously represent an optionally substituted heteroaromatic radical and the other an optionally substituted aromatic radical, and / or
- one of the radicals A 3 and A 4 can advantageously represent an optionally substituted heteroaromatic radical and the other a substituted aromatic radical,
- the organometallic iridium complex is of general formula (I), in which:
- n is equal to three and m is equal to zero
- one of the radicals A 1 and A 2 represents an optionally substituted heteroaromatic radical, and the other an optionally substituted aromatic radical, the bond established between the iridium atom and the heteroaromatic radical being an Ir bond; -NOT,
- B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and B 4 represent a single bond.
- the organometallic iridium complex is of general formula (I), in which:
- n is equal to two and m is equal to one
- one of the radicals A 1 and A 2 represents an optionally substituted heteroaromatic radical, and the other an optionally substituted aromatic radical, the bond established between the iridium atom and the heteroaromatic radical being an Ir bond; -NOT,
- one of the radicals A 3 and A 4 represents an optionally substituted heteroaromatic radical, and the other an optionally substituted aromatic radical, the bond established between the iridium atom and the heteroaromatic radical being an Ir bond; -NOT,
- a 1 and A 3 are respectively linked to the radicals A 2 and A 4 via a covalent bond
- a 1 -A 2 is identical to A -A 4 , and
- the organometallic iridium complex corresponds to the following general formula (Ia):
- R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 and R 10 which may be identical or different, represent an atom chosen from hydrogen and a halogen or a group chosen from R U R 12 or phenyl and preferably represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen, in particular a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom,
- R 11 and R 12 which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 -alkyl or C 3-7 -cycloalkyl group.
- radicals X and X ' are identical, and preferably represent a halogen atom, in particular a chlorine atom.
- the organometallic metal complex of iridium is preferably chosen from the following compounds:
- the present invention relates to a battery comprising as anode an electrode on which is immobilized an organo-metallic complex of iridium according to the invention.
- Such a battery advantageously operates at a pH ranging from 5 to 9, preferably from 6 to 8.
- a battery according to the invention is a fuel cell (carbohydrate (s) and / or oligosaccharide (s)) / oxygen and in particular a glucose / oxygen fuel cell.
- a fuel cell carbohydrate (s) and / or oligosaccharide (s)
- oxygen and in particular a glucose / oxygen fuel cell.
- the reaction taking place at the cathode of the cell is the reduction of oxygen to H 2 O according to the following equation:
- the organometallic complex may for example represent from 1 to 30% by weight of the total weight of the anode, in particular from 10 to 30% by weight of the total weight of the anode.
- the organometallic complex is advantageously used in a form associated with a support material.
- a support material that is suitable for the invention may be chosen from mono- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon powder, graphene, graphite, carbon fibers, and fullerenes.
- the organometallic complex is implemented in a form associated with carbon nanotubes, in particular multi-walled carbon nanotubes.
- multi-walled carbon nanotubes which may be suitable for the present invention, mention may be made especially of those supplied by NANOCYL.
- Carbon nanotubes that may be suitable for the invention may have a diameter of about 9.5 nm, and a purity of at least 95% or more.
- Multi-walled carbon nanotubes suitable for the invention comprise at least two walls.
- the organometallic complex is associated with an electronically conductive support type carbon nanotubes via a polar solvent.
- the organometallic complex is associated with the carbon nanotubes using a solvent, preferably THF.
- a polar solvent that is suitable for the invention is a physiologically acceptable solvent.
- the composite carbon nanotubes / organometallic complex obtained after evaporation of the solvent can then be used to form an ink.
- the carbon nanotube / complex composite can be directly dispersed without evaporation of the solvent.
- the organometallic complex may be associated with different carbon supports (graphite powder, graphene, carbon foam, etc.)
- the composite resulting from the combination of the organometallic complex with the carbon support can be deposited on a porous or ion-conductive membrane (proton, hydroxyl ions).
- this membrane may be formed from one type material based fluoropolymer copolymer tétrafluoroéhtylène sulfonated, and may preferably be a membrane of NAFION ®.
- a porous conductive metal may be deposited on the anode of a battery according to the invention as an electronic collector.
- the battery comprises as an electronic collector a conductive metal grid deposited on the anode.
- a gold electrode deposited by a magnetron sputtering technique.
- this grid improves the collection of electrons, while allowing the fuel to pass to the catalytic sites.
- the skilled person is able to determine the deposition conditions of this grid.
- the deposit is made under vacuum.
- the cathode may comprise an organometallic compound based on cobalt and / or iron adsorbed onto a carbon support preferably selected from carbon nanotubes and carbon powder, or platinum nanoparticles on carbon support.
- a porous conductive metal can be deposited on the cathode of a battery according to the invention as an electronic collector.
- catalysts can be envisaged: for example C / Pt, CNT / Pt (CNT: Carbon Nanotubes Metal), graphene / Pt.
- a fuel cell is constituted.
- the glucose is oxidized, releasing electrons that flow to the cathode via an external circuit to participate in the reduction of oxygen at the cathode.
- This flow of electrons, from the negative to the positive electrode, induces at the same time the circulation of an electric current in the external circuit.
- the catalyst for the oxidation of glucose is an organometallic complex based on iridium (II) and / or (III).
- an ink is first prepared. It comprises Nafion ®, multiwall carbon nanotubes provided by NANOCYL and tris [2- (4,6-difluorophenyl) pyridinato-C 2, N] iridium (III). A dispersion of 1.46g of complex is dissolved in 200 mL of THF. The carbon nanotubes are added gradually and dispersed in water (3 g / l). lg of NAFION ® 5% is added.
- This ink is then dispersed by an aerosol technique (spray) on a membrane of a fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer (NAFION ® ) and then allowed to dry at room temperature for 10 hours.
- aerosol technique spray
- NAFION ® fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer
- the cathode consists of a platinum carbon catalyst (Pt / C) (Johnson Mathey 60% 0, 1 mg / cm 2 ).
- the cathode is deposited by aerojet technique on the other side of the membrane and then covered by a gold grid of 100 nm thick deposited by PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition).
- the anode and cathode side contacts are made via two PCBs (anode and cathode).
- a tank is glued on the anodic side.
- 0.5M glucose is circulated in this reservoir via a peristaltic pump.
- the performance of the cell is evaluated by cyclic voltammetry with a scan at 2 mV / s.
- the power density of this cell (in mW / cm 2 ) was then measured as a function of the applied voltage (in V).
- the maximum power density is 0.025 mW / cm 2 and was observed at a voltage of 0.22 V ( Figure 1).
- This cell was prepared according to the same procedure as that of Example 1, with the difference that dichlorotetrakis (2- (2-pyridinyl) phenyl) diiridium (III) replaces tris [2- (4,6- difluorophenyl) pyridinato-C 2 , N] iridium (III) in similar amounts.
- the power density of this cell (in mW / cm 2 ) was then measured as a function of the applied voltage (in V) according to the same protocol as that described in Example 1.
- the maximum power density is 0.024 mW. / cm 2 and was observed at a voltage of 0.26 V ( Figure 2).
- the power density of this cell (in mW / cm 2 ) was then measured as a function of the applied voltage (in V) according to the same protocol as in Example 1.
- the maximum power density is 0.042 mW / cm 2 and was observed at a voltage of 0.27 V ( Figure 3).
- a cyclic voltammetry curve was then carried out on this cell using a saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE).
- SCE saturated calomel reference electrode
- the curve was plotted for a voltage applied between the anode and the cathode ranging from 0 to 600 mV with a scanning speed of 50 mV / s ( Figure 4) in 0.5 M sulfuric acid.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1360605A FR3012347B1 (fr) | 2013-10-30 | 2013-10-30 | Complexes organo-metalliques a base d'iridium a titre de catalyseurs d'oxydation |
| PCT/IB2014/065704 WO2015068084A1 (fr) | 2013-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | Complexes organo-metalliques a base d'iridium a titre de catalyseurs d'oxydation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3063818A1 true EP3063818A1 (fr) | 2016-09-07 |
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ID=50289787
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14809521.9A Withdrawn EP3063818A1 (fr) | 2013-10-30 | 2014-10-30 | Complexes organo-metalliques a base d'iridium a titre de catalyseurs d'oxydation |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3063818A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3012347B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015068084A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MX261990B (es) | 2002-02-14 | 2008-11-07 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Catalizador de oxidacion y procedimiento para su preparacion y procedimiento para oxidacion mediante el uso del mismo. |
| DE10362249B4 (de) | 2003-05-05 | 2014-05-15 | Südzucker AG Mannheim/Ochsenfurt | C1-selektive Oxidation von Oligosacchariden und die Verwendung eines Kohlenstoff geträgerten Gold-Katalysators für diese Oxidation |
| WO2008144741A1 (fr) | 2007-05-21 | 2008-11-27 | Siu-Tung Yau | Utilisation de particules de silicium en tant que catalyseur, dispositif électrochimique comprenant les particules et son procédé |
| JP5158793B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-24 | 2013-03-06 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 糖類の電気化学的酸化用触媒 |
-
2013
- 2013-10-30 FR FR1360605A patent/FR3012347B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-10-30 WO PCT/IB2014/065704 patent/WO2015068084A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-10-30 EP EP14809521.9A patent/EP3063818A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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| See also references of WO2015068084A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2015068084A1 (fr) | 2015-05-14 |
| FR3012347A1 (fr) | 2015-05-01 |
| FR3012347B1 (fr) | 2015-12-11 |
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