EP3063335A1 - Verfahren zur erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden eiskörpers bei einer bodenvereisung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden eiskörpers bei einer bodenvereisungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3063335A1 EP3063335A1 EP14789993.4A EP14789993A EP3063335A1 EP 3063335 A1 EP3063335 A1 EP 3063335A1 EP 14789993 A EP14789993 A EP 14789993A EP 3063335 A1 EP3063335 A1 EP 3063335A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- lances
- ice body
- refrigerant
- ground area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title description 13
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
- E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
- E02D19/14—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by freezing the soil
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B25/00—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00
- F25B25/005—Machines, plants or systems, using a combination of modes of operation covered by two or more of the groups F25B1/00 - F25B23/00 using primary and secondary systems
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a coherent ice body in a ground area.
- the brine cooling is an established and safe variant of the
- Soil freezing and subsoil safety, compared to other methods such as concrete injection is quite competitive.
- brine cooling reaches its limits, i.e., a continuous monolithic ice body (also referred to as a frost body), which includes all cooling lances, generally can not be produced.
- a continuous monolithic ice body also referred to as a frost body
- the ice body growing around the cooling lances narrows the flow cross sections for the groundwater or fluid.
- the flow velocity and the heat flux increase at the edge of the ice body.
- a stationary state in which the ice body stops growing may occur before a closed body of ice has formed.
- the invention is based on the object of providing a method which makes it possible to produce a coherent ice body.
- a first refrigerant is introduced into the first cooling lances, and wherein Furthermore, at least one second cooling lance on a flow-facing side of the first cooling lances is introduced into the ground area for cooling or freezing the ground area and a second Brine, which has a temperature which is lower than the temperature of the first refrigerant, is introduced into the at least one second cold lance, to support the formation of a coherent ice body, which encloses all first and second cooling lances.
- the ice body is in the present case thus generated by cooling the ground area, wherein the cooling medium flowing through the cooling lances cool the ground area by indirect heat exchange such that the said ice body through
- corresponding freezing of the ground area i.e., water present in the ground area is frozen and forms the ice body together with the frozen solids of the ground area.
- a coherent ice body is formed, which surrounds the first and second cooling lances used or involved in the cooling process.
- Connected here means path-connected, i.e., every two points of this ice body can be connected by a path which lies completely within the ice body and does not lead through a non-ice-covered area of the earth area.
- a possible embodiment of the cooling lances is shown below.
- the first brine is a brine, in particular a calcium chloride solution, which may have temperatures in the range of -30 ° C to -45 ° C.
- the maximum salt content in a calcium chloride solution is 30%.
- the second refrigerant is liquid nitrogen, which preferably has a temperature of -196 ° C (namely at the transition to the gaseous phase under normal conditions).
- first and second refrigerants can be used, which have approximately the aforementioned temperatures.
- the invention advantageously offers greater process reliability, since the
- the freezing phase is significantly shortened.
- the additional costs for the additional cooling by means of the second refrigerant in particular nitrogen
- the second refrigerant in particular nitrogen
- the considered soil for the unfrozen fall can be modeled as a three-phase model consisting of solid, water or
- Two-phase model consisting of solid and water or fluid.
- the water phase is reduced with simultaneous increase of the ice phase.
- soil solids such as fine sand, coarse sand or gravel no significant proportion of unfrozen water is more, which is particularly given at the here preferably used temperatures of the brine (see above).
- the second refrigerant is introduced into the second cooling lances. That is, the additional second cooling lances are positioned on the windward side of the planned contiguous ice body in front of the first cooling lances.
- the first cooling lances in particular for the formation of an ice body in the form of a
- Baugrubenwand in an extension plane next to each other, in particular parallel to each other, are introduced into the ground area.
- the first cooling lances in particular for the formation of a frost body in the form of a
- Hollow cylinder or a tunnel tube, along a circumferential imaginary surface for example in the form of a cylinder jacket, in particular circular cylinder jacket
- Simulation calculations show that in areas in which nozzle effects will increasingly occur, preferably a second cooling lance is recommended per first cooling lance. This is especially in the middle of a flat frost body, e.g. in the form of a construction pit wall, or a cylindrical, in particular
- circular cylindrical, ice body e.g. in the form of a tunnel tube, useful.
- the at least one second cooling lance or the plurality of second cooling lances is introduced into the ground area in front of an assigned first cooling lance in a flow direction of the flow, wherein in particular the respective second cooling lance runs parallel to the associated first cooling lance.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a system for carrying out the
- Figure 2 shows the production of a continuous ice body in the form of a flat wall (e.g., pit wall) with brine cooling as vanishing
- FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an inventive production of a coherent hollow cylindrical ice body (e.g., tunnel tube).
- Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a plant according to the invention or a method according to the invention for producing a continuous ice or frost body 100, 200, as it e.g. is shown in Figures 3 and 5.
- Soil region 1 are introduced), in which a first refrigerant T is passed in the form of a brine solution (eg CaCl 2 ), at least a second cooling lance 20th
- a second refrigerant T ' is introduced in the form of liquid nitrogen.
- the first and the second refrigerant T, T are simultaneously introduced into the corresponding associated cooling lances 10, 20.
- the flow of the second refrigerant T ' may be throttled or stopped completely.
- the first coolant T is introduced into inner tubes 11 of the first cooling lances 10, which are each arranged coaxially in an associated outer tube 13.
- the first refrigerant T flows through the respective inner tube 1 1 to an opening 12 of the respective inner tube 11, which is an end wall 14 of the respective outer tube 13 is opposite, exits from the respective opening 12 and flows in the outer tube 13 surrounding the respective inner tube 1 1 back.
- the first coolant T cools the surrounding soil area 1 by indirect heat transfer and is then, after leaving the respective
- Outer tube 13 is guided in a cooling carrier circuit 30, in which the heated first refrigerant T is pumped by a pump 31 through a heat exchanger 32.
- the first refrigerant T is cooled against a coolant K (eg ammonia or C0 2 ) circulating in a coolant circuit 33 and is reintroduced into the inner tubes 11 of the first cooling lances 10.
- K eg ammonia or C0 2
- the gaseous coolant K is heated, is compressed in a compressor 34 and then cooled in a condenser 36, which is heat-coupled with a cooling water circuit 37, relaxed and liquefied via a throttle 35.
- the thus liquid coolant K flows again into the heat exchanger 32 or evaporator 32 and cools down there the first refrigerant T, where it is evaporated.
- the second cooling lances 20 are preferably formed like the first cooling lances 10, wherein here as a second refrigerant T liquid nitrogen from a liquid nitrogen tank 40 is introduced into the respective inner tube 21, from the respective opening 22, the end face 24 of the respective outer tube 23rd
- the second refrigerant T ' is evaporated while cooling the ground area 1, wherein the gaseous phase from the outer tubes 23 of the second cooling lances 20 exits and then, for example. is discarded.
- a pure brine cooling can at groundwater flow velocities V above 2m / day with an arrangement of first cooling lances 10 parallel to each other along a plane, as shown in Fig. 2, due to an adjusting nozzle effect, in particular in the center between adjacent first Cooling lances 10 occurs (here, the flow velocity V due to the nozzle effect is significantly higher than 2m / day), no more coherent ice body 100 are generated, which includes all first cooling lances 10, as shown in Fig. 2 (left). Rather, for example, a configuration with three does not arise contiguous ice bodies 101, 102, 103, wherein a central ice body 102 encloses only a central first cooling lance 10.
- the second cooling lances 20, here in particular three second cooling lances 20, are arranged centrally in the flow direction S in front of the first cooling lances 10, ie on the flow-facing side 2 of the planned ice body 100, specifically at a distance of approximately 1 m plane spanned by the first cooling lances 10.
- the distance between the first cooling lances 10 to each other is preferably 0.8m.
- the distance between the second cooling lances 20 to each other is preferably 0.8m to 1 m.
- Fig. 4 shows a Fig. 2 corresponding phenomenon in the production of a hollow cylindrical ice body 200. While this disappearing at
- Cooling lance assembly 10 and possibly on the side facing away from the flow or leeward 3, albeit to a lesser extent.
- a possible non-contiguous configuration e.g. a plurality of non-contiguous smaller central ice bodies 203 on the windward side 2 and leeward side 3, respectively, and two flanking larger ice bodies 201, 202.
- a coherent ice body 200 can again be produced even with a hollow-cylindrical configuration of the first cooling lances 10, namely with additional cooling according to the invention by introducing a second coolant T into second cooling lances 20 (see above), here by way of example 5 second
- Cooling lances 20 which are in turn arranged in the flow direction S of the groundwater in front of an associated first cooling lance 10, and in particular at a distance of preferably 1 m to 2m to the clamped by the first cooling lances 10 cylinder jacket surface and the respective opposite first Cooling lance 10.
- the distance of the first cooling lances 10 to each other is preferably in turn 0.8m to 1, 2m, for example, 1 m.
- the distance between the second cooling lances 20 to each other is preferably 0.8m to 1, 5m.
- distances of 1.0 m are usual or preferred.
- distances of 0.8 m are preferred because of the considerably higher temperatures. Values below increase the effort, values above the duration of freezing. For non-symmetrical frost bodies or symmetrical ones
- Distances between the first and second cooling lances of 1.0 m, or in the case of a circular cross section (cf., Fig. 5) of 1.5 m, are preferred for straight wall-like ice bodies (compare FIG. The distances here may well be dependent on the geometry of the frost body 100, 200.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE201310018210 DE102013018210A1 (de) | 2013-10-30 | 2013-10-30 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden Eiskörpers bei einer Bodenvereisung |
| PCT/EP2014/002800 WO2015062705A1 (de) | 2013-10-30 | 2014-10-16 | Verfahren zur erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden eiskörpers bei einer bodenvereisung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3063335A1 true EP3063335A1 (de) | 2016-09-07 |
| EP3063335B1 EP3063335B1 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
Family
ID=51830261
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14789993.4A Not-in-force EP3063335B1 (de) | 2013-10-30 | 2014-10-16 | Verfahren zur erzeugung eines zusammenhängenden eiskörpers bei einer bodenvereisung |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9708787B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3063335B1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20160079076A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN105980634B (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2014344215A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102013018210A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2015062705A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6563343B2 (ja) * | 2016-01-19 | 2019-08-21 | 東京電力ホールディングス株式会社 | 凍土方式遮水壁の造成方法 |
| JP6699928B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-16 | 2020-05-27 | ケミカルグラウト株式会社 | 凍結工法 |
| DE102016009008A1 (de) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-02-01 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Gefrieren von an einen Schacht angrenzendem Erdreich mittels eines verflüssigten Gases |
| DE102016012843A1 (de) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-05-03 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Kombi-Gefrierkopf für Stickstoff-Sole-Vereisung |
| EP3441529B1 (de) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-09-30 | Linde GmbH | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum gefrieren von erdreich |
| CN108104820B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-08-13 | 安徽理工大学 | 一种大流速地下水作用下冻结法凿井冻结孔布置方法 |
| DE102018002821A1 (de) * | 2018-04-06 | 2020-03-12 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Reduzierung der Schallemissionen auf Bodengefrierbaustellen |
| CN113202082A (zh) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-08-03 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | 分阶段制冷的人工地层冻结系统及其施工方法 |
| CN113216982B (zh) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-06-17 | 中铁一局集团有限公司 | 隧道冻结智能端头及其应用方法、系统、设备、介质 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3183675A (en) * | 1961-11-02 | 1965-05-18 | Conch Int Methane Ltd | Method of freezing an earth formation |
| US3220470A (en) * | 1962-10-08 | 1965-11-30 | Joseph C Balch | Soil refrigerating system |
| GB959945A (en) * | 1963-04-18 | 1964-06-03 | Conch Int Methane Ltd | Constructing a frozen wall within the ground |
| DE1501466A1 (de) * | 1965-11-29 | 1969-10-23 | Thermo Dynamics Inc | Kuehlvorrichtung,insbesondere zur Vereisung oder Aufrechterhaltung der Vereisung eines Baugrundes |
| US3943722A (en) * | 1970-12-31 | 1976-03-16 | Union Carbide Canada Limited | Ground freezing method |
| US3720065A (en) * | 1971-07-06 | 1973-03-13 | J Sherard | Making holes in the ground and freezing the surrounding soil |
| DE3112291A1 (de) | 1981-03-27 | 1982-10-07 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | "vorrichtung zum bodengefrieren" |
| US5050386A (en) * | 1989-08-16 | 1991-09-24 | Rkk, Limited | Method and apparatus for containment of hazardous material migration in the earth |
| US5551799A (en) * | 1993-02-18 | 1996-09-03 | University Of Washington | Cryogenic method and system for remediating contaminated earth |
| US5416257A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-05-16 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Open frozen barrier flow control and remediation of hazardous soil |
| US5507149A (en) * | 1994-12-15 | 1996-04-16 | Dash; J. Gregory | Nonporous liquid impermeable cryogenic barrier |
| US5730550A (en) * | 1995-08-15 | 1998-03-24 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Method for placement of a permeable remediation zone in situ |
| CA2463108C (en) * | 2001-10-24 | 2011-11-22 | Shell Canada Limited | Isolation of soil with a frozen barrier prior to conductive thermal treatment of the soil |
| US7438501B2 (en) * | 2006-05-16 | 2008-10-21 | Layne Christensen Company | Ground freezing installation accommodating thermal contraction of metal feed pipes |
| CA2664316C (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2014-09-30 | Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company | Improved method of developing subsurface freeze zone |
| CN200989642Y (zh) * | 2006-12-14 | 2007-12-12 | 王新民 | 一种新型住宅制冷装置 |
| US7681404B2 (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2010-03-23 | American Power Conversion Corporation | Modular ice storage for uninterruptible chilled water |
| US9022118B2 (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2015-05-05 | Shell Oil Company | Double insulated heaters for treating subsurface formations |
-
2013
- 2013-10-30 DE DE201310018210 patent/DE102013018210A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-10-16 KR KR1020167014440A patent/KR20160079076A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-10-16 US US15/032,129 patent/US9708787B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-16 EP EP14789993.4A patent/EP3063335B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-10-16 WO PCT/EP2014/002800 patent/WO2015062705A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2014-10-16 CN CN201480060106.9A patent/CN105980634B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-16 AU AU2014344215A patent/AU2014344215A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2015062705A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160265181A1 (en) | 2016-09-15 |
| WO2015062705A1 (de) | 2015-05-07 |
| AU2014344215A1 (en) | 2016-05-05 |
| US9708787B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 |
| CN105980634B (zh) | 2018-01-16 |
| CN105980634A (zh) | 2016-09-28 |
| KR20160079076A (ko) | 2016-07-05 |
| EP3063335B1 (de) | 2018-01-17 |
| DE102013018210A1 (de) | 2015-04-30 |
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