EP3055284A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von toluylendiamin - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von toluylendiaminInfo
- Publication number
- EP3055284A1 EP3055284A1 EP14777662.9A EP14777662A EP3055284A1 EP 3055284 A1 EP3055284 A1 EP 3055284A1 EP 14777662 A EP14777662 A EP 14777662A EP 3055284 A1 EP3055284 A1 EP 3055284A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stream
- hydrogen
- dinitrotoluene
- dnt
- bar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/30—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds
- C07C209/32—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups
- C07C209/36—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by reduction of nitrogen-to-oxygen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen bonds by reduction of nitro groups by reduction of nitro groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings in presence of hydrogen-containing gases and a catalyst
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/82—Purification; Separation; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C209/86—Separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/44—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C211/49—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/50—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to only one six-membered aromatic ring having at least two amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton with at least two amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for gas phase hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene (DNT) which can be reacted industrially, in which a stream containing DNT, if appropriate in the presence of a sputtering gas, is atomized into a hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream, the gaseous stream of non-evaporated liquid droplets obtained freed and the resulting gas stream is catalytically hydrogenated to toluenediamine.
- DNT dinitrotoluene
- Aromatic amines are important intermediates that must be available inexpensively and in large quantities. Therefore, z. B. for the hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene (hereinafter also DNT) plants with very large capacities are built.
- the hydrogenation product toluenediamine (hereinafter also TDA) is an important intermediate in the production of tolylene diisocyanate, which has great importance in polyurethane chemistry.
- TDA hydrogenation product toluenediamine
- the catalyst for example Pd / C, Raney Ni, Ni / SiC, etc.
- the catalyst is usually slurried in the liquid phase (hence also called "slurry phase process".)
- Reactors are, for example, loop reactors or stirred vessels in question (see eg US 2011/295039 AI) All currently industrially relevant processes operate in the liquid phase liquid phase hydrogenation at higher temperatures and the gas phase hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene play due to the potential dangers due to thermal instability in particular the industrial dinitrotoluene on an industrial scale
- the gas-phase hydrogenation of low-volatile and / or temperature-sensitive nitroaromatics is viewed critically in the literature (see, for example, Cartolano, AR and Vedage, GA, 2004, Amines by Reduction, Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, John Wiley & Sons Inc, 5th edition (January 31, 2004), Vol. 2, page 478 and page 484, online ISBN: 9780471238966).
- GB 599,252 and US 3,13,6818 describe processes for the preparation of aromatic monoamines, in particular aniline, in the gas phase by hydrogenation in a fluidized bed reactor. Since mononitro-aromatics are much more stable than dinitro-aromatics, the uncontrolled thermal decomposition does not pose a significant problem. Before the gas-phase Hydrogenation of starting materials with higher levels of dinitro compounds is expressly warned in GB 599,252.
- DE-AS 1 809 711 is concerned with a process for the gas phase hydrogenation of nitro compounds and is particularly concerned with the problem of the uniform introduction of liquid nitro compounds into a hot gas stream by atomization, preferably at narrowed
- DE-OS 3 636 984 describes a process for the coupled production of nitro and dinitroaromatics from the corresponding hydrocarbons by nitration and their subsequent hydrogenation.
- the hydrogenation takes place in the gas phase at temperatures of 176 to 343.5 ° C.
- An apparatus for gas-phase hydrogenation is described, which essentially consists of two reactors connected in series with intermediate cooling and intermediate reactant feed, the size and structure of which are not discussed. The problem of the decomposition of dinitrotoluene is not dealt with in the document.
- EP 0 696 573 A1, EP 0 696 574 A1, EP 0 748 789 A1, EP 0 748 790 A1 and DE 10 2006 035 203 A1 deal with a gas phase process carried out under purely adiabatic conditions for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds.
- EP 0696574 A1 describes the process for the preparation of aromatic amines, in which the catalyst is adiabatic
- R 2 and R 3 may inter alia also be a methyl group.
- the focus of said writings, however, is aniline (the examples are concerned with the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene).
- Special features of the Dinitrotoluolhydrtechnik go to the writings mentioned not.
- GB 832,939 deals with the hydrogenation of dinitro compounds in the gas phase.
- This document discloses the use of nickel sulfide catalysts on an alumina support material. Their use allows according to the information in the publication an unexpectedly rapid reaction in excellent yields. On procedural details for evaporation is not the font.
- the hydrogenation is at ambient pressure and
- DE 3734344 A1 describes the conversion of dinitrotoluene (DNT) in the gas phase to toluenediamine (TDA).
- DNT is evaporated in an inert, hot carrier gas within 2 to 120 seconds to a 150 to 250 ° C hot mixture of vaporized DNT and carrier gas.
- Suitable evaporator types are thin film evaporators with smoothly constructed tubes, short path evaporators, falling film evaporators without liquid circulation and single-strand helical tube evaporators. The low volatility and high decomposability of DNT and the associated explosion risk are mentioned. Measures to prevent decomposition or to prevent the accumulation of high-boiling, thermally sensitive
- Impurities are not described as they were probably not problematic in the experiments carried out because of the short duration of the test of a few hours and possibly because of the purity of the starting materials used.
- the possible presence of unevaporable fractions in DNT is only mentioned insofar as the evaporation process can theoretically be used for the separation in DNT and non-volatile fractions.
- the hydrogenation is carried out according to this document in the temperature range of 200 to 450 ° C and preferably at atmospheric pressure.
- the hydrogenation of DNT releases large amounts of energy.
- hydrogen is metered in at an absolute pressure of about 20 to 100 bar, and the reactors are operated at this pressure; see, for. B. US 2008/0146847 AI (100 bar pressure and a temperature of 150 ° C). Due to the low temperature level, the use of the dissipated energy is very limited or economical. If the hydrogenation reaction could be carried out at a higher temperature, so that higher-tension steam could be produced, this would have great economic benefits. This applies in particular to composite systems from several production plants, in which steam obtained in one process can be used in other processes (for example for heating the reactants to the reaction temperature).
- a reactor with an internal heat transfer surface and an external circulation system with heat removal was used.
- DNT was introduced into the catalyst suspension with a motive nozzle below the liquid surface.
- the average DNT concentration in the reactor was limited to a value of less than 1000 ppm.
- the hydrogen concentration including the hydrogen in the external circuit was set to a value of greater than 1% by volume, preferably greater than 3% by volume. Compliance with these conditions is essential for the process described, u. A. because nitro and nitroso compounds in the presence of TDA at elevated temperatures can decompose explosively (DE 10 2005 008 613 AI). In particular, however, the third and fourth conditions may lead to great practical problems in the design and operation of a liquid phase process in a large scale production at a temperature of 185 ° C or higher. The coordination of the individual parameters on each other is difficult to realize. As will be explained in more detail below, the present invention makes it possible to maintain a temperature of 185 ° C. or higher so that highly stressed steam can be obtained in a gas phase process without comparable practical limitations.
- gas phase processes have a number of other advantages.
- the separation of the catalyst from the product is easier because the product leaves the reactor gaseous while the catalyst remains in the reactor.
- upscaling of the process is easier in the case of gas phase reactors than in conventional slurry phase methods. Since it is not necessary to stir mechanically in the gas phase process, the danger of plant failures due to caking on the stirrer and the energy consumption are lower. Also, gas phase reactors are easier to clean than stirred tanks.
- an object of the present invention is a continuous process for producing toluenediamine by hydrogenating dinitrotoluene in gas phase comprising the steps
- step (V) recycling at least a portion of the gas phase (7) comprising hydrogen obtained in step (IV) to the first evaporation apparatus (1000, 1010) of step (I).
- an evaporation apparatus is understood to be any apparatus which is suitable for injecting the DNT stream 1 (11, 12) into the carrier gas stream (the "feed hydrogen” stream) 2 (21, 22) and for evaporating the DNT as completely as possible
- solid lines - is the "feed hydrogen" stream 2, for example, a mixture of "recycle gas” 7 and fresh hydrogen 200; in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 with dashed lines it is identical to the recycled gas (7).
- the evaporation apparatus comprises at least one device for spraying the stream 1 (11, 12) into the stream 2 (21, 22).
- the evaporation apparatus comprises only a pipeline through which current 2 (21, 22) flows, and in which a device through which stream 1 (11, 12) is sprayed opens.
- a "spraying device” is preferably a nozzle (see below for details).
- the first evaporation apparatus (1000, 1010) designates the first evaporation apparatus in the flow direction of the reaction mixture when several reaction chambers are connected in series and thus also when several evaporation apparatuses are used in succession in the flow direction of the reaction mixture (cf., for example, FIG. So in the embodiment of FIG. 3, the evaporation apparatus 1010.
- the information that at least 95.0% by mass, based on the total mass, of all the dinitrotoluene (1,1,12) present in the dinitrotoluene is transferred into the gas phase [step (I)] and the gas stream 4 (41, 42) preferably a maximum of 1000 ppm of unvaporized droplets, based on the total mass all dinitrotoluene contained in the dinitrotoluene stream (1,11,12), contains [step (II)] in each case on DNT as such, d. H. without consideration of contaminants always present in DNT technical grade.
- stream 1 (11, 12) is a 98% purity dinitrotoluene fed at a kg / h of vaporization in step (I)
- stream 3 (31, 32) will be at least 0.95 x 0, 98 ⁇ a kg / h of gaseous dinitrotoluene was added to the droplet removal in step (II).
- the residual droplet content in the liquid droplet-depleted dinitrotoluene and hydrogen-comprising gas stream (4, 41, 42) is preferably determined by laser optical measurement, by capacitive measurement or by taking a representative partial flow and determining its drop content by means of the aforementioned techniques or by collecting and weighing the drops.
- reaction space (step (III)) is understood as meaning the space in which DNT and hydrogen react with one another in the presence of the catalyst.
- the reaction space is located in a technical device for implementation of chemical reactions, the reactor.
- the reaction space In the case of a reactor completely filled with catalyst (for example in the form of a bed of catalyst balls), the reaction space is identical to the internal volume of the reactor. If multiple reaction spaces are present, they can be connected in series or in parallel. In the case of several reaction chambers connected in series (see, for example, FIG. 3), the last reaction space designates the last reaction space in the flow direction of the reaction mixture, that is to say in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, the reaction space 3020.
- step (IV) only the gas stream obtained in this reaction space containing toluenediamine in gas (7) and liquid phase (6) is separated.
- all the last reaction spaces arranged in the direction of flow of the reaction mixture are "last reaction spaces” in the sense of step (IV) .
- Dwell time in the reaction space in the context of the present invention means the quotient of the volume of the reaction space which can be flowed through for the gas flow and the volume flow emerging from the reaction space per unit time.
- the maximum possible amount of non-evaporated droplets of 0.10%, based on the mass of all dinitrotoluene present in 1, is so low that no dangerous decomposition reactions are to be feared.
- a temperature of 300 ° C may not be exceeded;
- the residence time must be kept low.
- Streams 1 (DNT) and 200 may contain, in addition to the essential components DNT or hydrogen, others.
- DNT DNT
- suitable solvents are alcohols (preferably selected from methanol, ethanol and isopropanol). If a solvent is used, the proportion of technical DNT in the solution (1) is preferably> 0% by mass to ⁇ 50% by mass, based on the total mass of 1.
- the hydrogen must not be used in substance, but can be diluted with other gases that are inert under the hydrogenation reaction conditions.
- Suitable inert gases include, for example, noble gases, water vapor, CO 2, nitrogen; preferred are nitrogen or water vapor.
- the hydrogen is diluted with such gases before contact with the DNT-containing stream 1, its proportion in stream 2 is preferably at least 3 mol%, based on the total amount of material of all compounds contained in stream 2.
- syngas can also be used directly without purifying the hydrogen contained to high purities.
- a condensable diluent gas eg, water vapor
- this has the advantage that the compressor volumetric flow decreases compared to non-condensable carrier gas.
- the present process enables the commercial scale DNT vaporization in step (I) on an industrial scale. Possibly. fractions of liquid droplets which are still present in stream 3 (31, 32) are predominantly due to completely nonvolatile accompanying components in DNT of technical purity. The proportion of unvaporized droplets in stream 3 (31,
- the "technical" DNT preferably used in the process according to the invention as the DNT source of stream 1 (11, 12) preferably comprises:
- the evaporation equipment used (1000, 1010, 1020) must ensure as complete evaporation of the DNT as possible while at the same time a short residence time and minimal thermal loading of the liquid DNT.
- such apparatuses are suitable for this purpose, in which the DNT-containing stream 1 is sprayed into a hot hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream 2 (21, 22) by means of at least one spray device (preferably a nozzle) ("spray evaporator")
- spray evaporator preferably a nozzle
- Ratio of molar flows of 1 to 2 (21, 22) preferably such that the proportion of DNT in 3 (31, 32) of 0.1 mol% to 10 mol%, particularly preferably 0.8 Mo 1-% to 2.0 mol%, in each case based on the total amount of material of all compounds contained in stream 3 (31, 32) .
- the temperature of the carrier gas stream should be selected so that as much DNT as possible can be evaporated, ie the DNT partial pressure as far as possible is close to
- a DNT spray stream 1 (11, 12) with the smallest possible droplet size (average droplet diameter d preferably between 20 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ ) and uniform droplet size distribution to produce, as is possible with conventional single and especially two-fluid nozzles .
- Suitable single-substance nozzles are, for example, those in Wozniak, "atomization technique", Springer
- Tangential hollow cone nozzles for example are suitable due to the relative For smaller flow rates and even smaller drop diameters, ultrasonic atomizing nozzles are also suitable, also because of their variable operating range.
- the invention therefore relates to a method in which the injection of the stream 1 (11, 12) into the carrier gas stream 2 (21, 22) in step (I) takes place by means of at least one two-substance nozzle (7000), in addition to which (11 , 12) a stream of atomizing gas 9 is passed, which is compared to the prevailing in the environment on the nozzle outlet side absolute pressure below a 1.0 bar to 20 bar, preferably 3.0 bar to 9.0 bar, higher pressure and preferably the has the same temperature as stream 2.
- Suitable two-component nozzles are described, for example, in Wozniak, "Zerstäubungstechnik", Springer 2003 (especially Chapter 5.2) and Richter “Zerstäuben von diessig", expert Verlag, Renningen, 2004 (especially Chapter 6.5).
- the mixing of 1 (11, 12) and the Zerstäubungsgasstrom (9) takes place depending on the construction of the Zweitstoffdüse 7000 either in the nozzle ("internal mixing nozzle") or at the exit of the individual streams from the nozzle ("external mixing nozzle”).
- a two-phase mixture of 1 (11, 12) and the atomizing gas flow (9) is generated in the nozzle 7000, which is sprayed into the carrier gas stream 2 (21, 22).
- the streams containing DNT 1 (11, 12) and atomizing gas (9) are separately sprayed through channels in the nozzle into the carrier gas atmosphere 2 (21, 22).
- internally mixing two-substance nozzles are used, in which the streams 1 (11, 12) and 9 meet within the nozzle and exit from the nozzle as a two-phase mixture.
- the invention relates to a method in which the sputtering 9 water vapor, nitrogen, hydrogen, a portion of the hydrogen-comprising gas phase 7, a portion of the hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream (2, 21, 22) or a mixture of two or more of the aforementioned gases is used.
- hydrogen ie, fresh hydrogen 200, to be distinguished from the hydrogen-containing stream 2 (21, 22) is used as atomizing gas 9.
- stream 200 is split up between the various reactors (210, 220, ...
- the hydrogen consumed in the hydrogenation can be replaced in a simple and expedient manner in continuous operation with as complete a recycling as possible of the process gas 7.
- the mass ratio of stream 9 to stream 1 is preferably from 0.01 to 1, particularly preferably from 0 , 05 to 0.2
- the pressure losses through the nozzle are preferably 1.0 bar to 20 bar, more preferably 3.0 bar to 9.0 bar, for stream 9 and preferably 0.1 bar to 20 bar, particularly preferably 3 , 0 bar to 9.0 bar, for electricity 1.
- step (II) inter alia because of the higher thermal sensitivity in the liquid phase, the already substantially gaseous stream 3 (31, 32) freed even further from liquid droplets.
- a separation of the remaining drops of stream 3 (31, 32), z. B. by means of a suitable separation unit.
- a separation unit can also be installed in the reactor itself. It is then upstream of the actual reaction space.
- Suitable separation units are, for example, filters, knitted fabrics, deflection separators, cyclones and droplet separators known to the person skilled in the art.
- the separation units are either dimensioned so that their function is ensured for the duration of an ordinary production cycle, after which they are then cleaned or regenerated in a manner known to those skilled in the art (eg by burning off), or several separation units are connected in parallel, of one is in operation while the others are cleaned or regenerated.
- step (III) Since DNT and TDA can react with one another, the reaction conditions in step (III) must be selected such that a complete conversion of the DNT is ensured within a short time.
- Suitable catalysts are in principle the catalysts known to the person skilled in the art for DNT hydrogenation, provided that they permit a rapid reaction of the DNT.
- solid catalysts are used. In principle, all solid catalysts known to the person skilled in the art are suitable for the hydrogenation of aromatic nitro compounds.
- Such catalysts are described in many publications and include as hydrogenation-active elements Pd, Pt, Ru, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Re, Cr, Mo, V, Pb, Ti, Sn, Dy, Zn, Cd, Ba, Cu, Ag, Au, and their compounds, in part as oxides, sulfides or selenides and also in the form of a Raney alloy and on inert support materials, such as Al2O3, Fe203 / AbO3, S1O2, silicates, carbon, graphite, T1O2, & 2 ⁇ 3. Mixed oxides of said elements are also conceivable.
- a catalyst (100, 110, 120) comprising a ceramic support, preferably Al 2 O 3, more preferably (X-Al 2 O 3, very particularly preferably (X-Al 2 O 3 having a BET surface area of less than 40 m 2 / g, preferably less than 20 m 2 / g, more preferably less than 10 m 2 / g, and (a) 1.0 g to 100 g, preferably 1.0 g to 50 g, of at least one metal of groups 8 to 12 of the Periodic Table of the Elements (numbering according to IUPAC recommendation of 1986), preferably Pd, Pt,
- (C) 1.0 g to 100 g, preferably 1.0 g to 20 g, of at least one metal of groups 14 and 15 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, preferably Pb, Bi, per liter of bulk volume of the ceramic support used.
- Further preferred catalysts include as hydrogenation-active elements Pd and Rh or Ag and Rh each on an inert support, preferably Al2O3, more preferably 01-Al2O3.
- the reaction on a solid catalyst may be substantially isothermal (i.e., with removal of the heat of reaction), e.g. B. in a tube bundle reactor or fluidized bed reactor. Suitable apparatus are described in Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Edition, Chapter 19, 2007, and 7th Edition, Chapter 23, 1999, Mcgraw-Hill Professional. It is also possible to adiabatically the reaction, z. In a fixed bed reactor (as described in DE 10 2006 035 203 A1, in particular in sections [0006], [0020] and [0030] to [0032]). In an adiabatic reactor, an adiabatic temperature jump of 50 K to 150 K is preferably set. To comply with this temperature jump, the gas stream 4 is adjusted accordingly (for example, by a sufficiently large excess of hydrogen). The person skilled in the art knows how to calculate the required choice of gas flow 4. A combination of the different driving styles is also conceivable.
- the removal of the heat of reaction takes place in isothermal reactors in the reactor integrated (eg., In tube-bundle reactors with a cooling circuit (eg., Oil, water or molten salt) to dissipate the heat of reaction).
- Adiabatically operated reactors are preferably downstream of devices for heat removal (eg heat exchangers).
- the temperature level allows the Use of dissipated heat for heating suitable heat transfer, z.
- As for the production of water vapor of the highest possible pressure level preferably 3 to 10 bar (absolute).
- reaction stages can be connected in series with or without intermediate feed of one or more educts. If DNT is fed into each reactor, each reactor preferably has its own DNT evaporation stage. Expediently, the gas leaving the last reaction stage is returned to the evaporation and / or reaction stages after extensive removal of the reaction products and removal of undesired components, in order to utilize excess starting materials (ie the hydrogen), facilitate the evaporation and increase the temperature in the Lower reactors.
- the series connection of several reaction stages is particularly advantageous in the case of adiabatic reaction control, since the amount of DNT which can be reacted per stage can be limited by the low vapor pressure on the one hand and the adiabatic temperature jump on the other hand.
- the use of an upstream adiabatic reaction stage with no or less intermediate cooling may be advantageous in order to preheat the gas stream before evaporation by means of the heat of reaction, so that the DNT evaporation is facilitated.
- a particularly efficient embodiment of the process is the alternating use of adiabatic and isothermal reaction stages, since the particularly high outlet temperature of the adiabatic reaction stages for the vaporization of large amounts of DNT can be used for the conversion in the isothermal stages. It is also conceivable to integrate steps (I) to (III) in one apparatus.
- the hydrogenation in step (III) is advantageously carried out at an absolute pressure of 1.0 bar to 20 bar, preferably from 3.0 bar to 6.0 bar.
- Lower pressures facilitate DNT evaporation and heat recovery in product separation, but result in larger unit dimensions and higher energy input in the compression.
- the recycle stream is limited on an industrial scale by the maximum available apparatus sizes, so that a lower process pressure for the same system capacity and the same maximum recirculation flow rate requires more reaction stages.
- reaction products toluenediamine (TDA) and water are removed in step (IV) by condensation selectively from the toluenediamine-containing gas stream.
- TDA toluenediamine
- step (IV) condensation selectively from the toluenediamine-containing gas stream.
- condensation can be done either after each reactor or preferably only after the last reactor. Suitable apparatuses for this purpose are known in the art and z. B. air cooler or tube bundle heat exchanger.
- the condensation is preferably carried out fractionally in a plurality of cascaded capacitors (4010, 4020, 4030) with successive decreasing condensation temperature, wherein the gas phase of a capacitor is passed into the following capacitor.
- the condensation takes place in such a way that two to five, particularly preferably four, condensate fractions are obtained.
- the condensation temperature may be successively lowered as follows:
- 6c Condensation at 129 ° C to 149 ° C
- 6d Condensation at 85 ° C to 105 ° C
- the various condensate streams (6a, 6b, 6c, ...) obtained in this way are preferably conducted separately from one another into different sites of a subsequent distillation sequence.
- This distillation sequence may consist of ordinary distillation columns (or a single distillation column) as is known to those skilled in the art.
- the distillation sequence comprises
- thermally coupled columns such as. Columns with Thisstromstripp- or rectification columns, side stream evaporator or Vortrennkolonnen or
- Pre-evaporators such as so-called. Petlyuk or Kaibel configurations, or dividing wall columns.
- the distillation columns may have a number of liquid pumping circuits. If a plurality of condensate fractions 6a, 6b, etc. are fed to the same distillation column, it is preferred to feed the fractions obtained at a higher temperature above the fractions obtained at a lower temperature to the distillation column.
- a partial stream is preferably discharged, in order to avoid the accumulation of volatile undesirable components in the process. Subsequently, the pressure is preferably increased and the compressed stream is returned to the process (hydrogen-containing gas stream 7).
- the gas phase 7 comprising hydrogen obtained in step (IV) is returned to the first evaporation apparatus (1000, 1010) in step (V).
- the gas phase 7 comprising hydrogen is used to provide the hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream 2. This can be done so that fresh hydrogen 200 is mixed with the DNT-containing stream 1 (preferably in a two-substance nozzle) before the mixed stream thus obtained is sprayed into the carrier gas stream 2 (in this embodiment identical to the recycled gas stream 7) (in FIG. 1 shown with dashed lines).
- the stream 7 is used directly only for the provision of the carrier gas stream 2 for the first reactor.
- the carrier gas stream for the following reactors is the toluene diamine-containing gas stream (51), or, if preferred, enriched with fresh hydrogen (200), as shown in FIG. 3, the stream 22, which of course contains the constituents of the stream 7.
- the liquid phase 6 (or the liquid phases 6a, 6b, 6c, etc.) obtained in step (IV) contains, in addition to the target product toluenediamine, mainly water and, in minor proportions, secondary components.
- Stream 6 (or the liquid phases 6a, 6b, 6c, etc.) is preferably worked up in a further step (VI) by processes known per se, including the distillation of the crude TDA, in order to recover pure toluenediamine. Suitable methods are, for example, in US 6,359,177 and US 7,307,190 described. By a suitable prefractionation in step (IV), this workup can be significantly simplified.
- FIG. 1 shows, in a greatly simplified form, a basic embodiment of the method according to the invention with only one reactor 3100.
- DNT of technical grade (1) is converted into the vapor phase in an evaporation apparatus 1000 by spraying it into the hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream 2 (step (I), solid lines). It is also conceivable to use the process gas stream 7 as the hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream 2 and to mix fresh hydrogen 200 before entering the evaporation apparatus with the DNT stream 1 (dashed lines). Before entering the reactor, stream 3 is freed of last liquid droplets in a device 2000 (step (II)).
- the resulting liquid stream 8 is either rapidly further cooled or controlled decomposed to avoid undesirable reactions (eg, by microwave or otherwise controlled controlled thermal decomposition, not shown in the figure).
- the gas stream 4 is passed into the reactor 3100. In the reaction space 3000, the hydrogenation takes place in the presence of the catalyst 100 (step (III)).
- the gaseous product stream 5 leaving the reactor is cooled in the heat exchanger 5000 by heat exchange with stream 7 and condensed in the condensation apparatus 4000 to obtain a liquid phase 6 comprising toluenediamine and a gas phase 7 comprising hydrogen.
- Stream 7 is mixed with the fresh hydrogen 200, if necessary after discharge of a small portion (not shown in the figure) to prevent the accumulation of undesirable gases, to obtain the hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream 2.
- FIG. 1a shows in a section of the overall method of FIG. 1 embodiment shown in dashed lines a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, in which a two-fluid nozzle 7000 is used. Fresh hydrogen 200 also serves as Atomizing gas 9. The two-fluid nozzle opens directly into the evaporation apparatus 1000. A possible embodiment of a two-fluid nozzle 7000 as internally mixing nozzle is shown in FIG. Ib.
- the condensation in apparatus 4000 in such a way that a preliminary separation of the crude TDA takes place already at this stage, which facilitates the subsequent work-up (FIG. 2).
- the gaseous product 5 is separated by a fractional condensation in successive capacitors (4010, 4020, 4030) with successively decreasing temperature in a plurality of condensate fractions 6a, 6b, 6c, etc.
- the embodiment shown in the drawing with three condensate streams is to be understood as an example.
- Each of the condensate fractions thus obtained is fed to the subsequent distillation sequence (step (VI)) at another point of the distillation column 6000, which is exactly matched to this fraction.
- steps (VI) the subsequent distillation sequence
- various toluene diamine fractions 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d are obtained, which differ in their isomer composition and in the minor component content.
- FIG. 3 shows an arrangement in which, instead of a reactor 3100, two adiabatically operated reactors 3110 and 3120 are connected in series with two evaporation apparatuses 1010 and 1020.
- the representation of two reactors is purely exemplary; the actual number of reactors to be selected depends on many factors such as the desired production capacity, the cycle gas volume and the like. a. from. Preferably, 8 to 12 reactors are connected in series.
- the in FIG. 1 reaction guide shown with dashed lines is of course also applicable here and was not shown only for reasons of clarity.
- DNT technical grade (1) is in an evaporation apparatus 1010 or 1020 by spraying into the hydrogen-containing carrier gas stream 21 or 22 in the gas phase transferred (step (I)).
- the stream 31 or 32 is further freed from liquid droplets in a device 2010 or 2020 (step (II)) and thus a gas stream 41 or 42 is obtained.
- hydrogenation takes place under adiabatic conditions (step (III)).
- the heat of reaction is reflected quantitatively in a temperature increase of the gas flow (adiabatic temperature jump), apart from unavoidable minor heat losses.
- the gaseous product stream 51 exiting the first reactor is cooled to the inlet temperature of the next stage, with vapor recovery in a downstream heat exchanger 5010.
- step IV After passing through the last heat exchanger 5020, the product undergoes multi-stage condensation and phase separation in 4000 (step IV).
- the streams 6a, 6b and 6c obtained in this process are purified in step (VI) (not shown in the figure).
- TDA worked up.
- the gas phase obtained is, after heat exchange with stream 52 and possibly after discharge of a small portion as purge stream (not shown in the figure), recycled as stream 7 into the process (step (V)).
- the method according to the invention can be carried out in various embodiments.
- the reaction in the reaction space 3000 can, as already mentioned, be carried out adiabatically or isothermally.
- the catalyst 100 (110, 120) may be in the form of a fixed bed or fluidized.
- the process may also be carried out in multiple stages (i.e., in multiple reaction spaces 3010, 3020, ...) with multiple addition of fresh DNT, with from two to ten stages being preferred.
- the type of reaction space 3000 may vary from stage to stage. For example, an embodiment is conceivable in which adiabatically and isothermally operated reaction spaces alternate (3010: adiabatic, 3020: isothermal, 3030: adiabatic, etc.). It is also possible to combine fixed bed reactors and fluidized bed reactors in a production plant, for example alternately. In addition, devices for heat dissipation between the individual stages
- Heat exchanger may be provided.
- such devices for heat removal are connected downstream of the adiabatically operated reaction spaces.
- the heat removal takes place in the reaction chamber itself. It is also possible to use the heat of reaction of the previous stage partially to completely for the (naturally endothermic) evaporation of fresh DNT in each stage and thus to make directly usable.
- Example 1 (Process Simulation with Aspen Plus® for a Process with Eight Reactors in Series; FIG. 4):
- Fresh hydrogen (200) was fed at the same absolute pressure and also split into eight streams (210, 220, 280).
- DNT (11, 12, 18) and fresh hydrogen streams (210, 220, 280) were mixed together in two-fluid nozzles (not shown).
- the resulting mixed streams were fed to spray evaporators (1010, 1020, 1080).
- spray evaporators (1010, 1020, 1080).
- circulating gas (7, about 100,000 m 3 / h) under an absolute pressure of 4.2 bar was used as the carrier gas stream (21) into which the DNT / fresh hydrogen mixture (11 + 210) was sprayed.
- the resulting predominantly gaseous mixed stream (31) was passed through a mist eliminator (2010).
- the residence time of the DNT from the inlet into the spray evaporator until it entered the droplet separator was 0.25-0.35 sec.
- the device for droplet deposition is integrated into the evaporation apparatus.
- Non-volatiles were withdrawn as a liquid stream (81) at the bottom of the spray evaporator (1010). All of the liquid streams of non-evaporable fractions (81, 82, 88) thus obtained were rapidly cooled to a temperature below 40 ° C. and disposed of safely (not shown in the figure).
- the gas stream (41) from the spray evaporator was fed to reactor 3110. In reaction room 3010, DNT was converted to TDA under adiabatic conditions. The from the
- Reactor-escaping TDA-containing recycle gas stream (51) was cooled in a heat exchanger (5010) to a temperature of 180 ° C. to give 6 bar steam and to the next spray evaporator (1020) as carrier gas stream (22) for the DNT / fresh hydrogen mixture ( 12 + 220).
- the resulting mixed stream (32) is freed from drops as described above and reacted in the reactor 3120 to TDA.
- the further reaction in the reactors 3130 to 3180 was carried out analogously with slightly different temperatures.
- the product gas stream (58) obtained after passing through the last reactor (3180) was passed through a plurality of heat exchangers (simplified as 5080) in which a fractional partial condensation to liquid TDA-containing streams (6a, 6b, 6c) already took place.
- the remaining gas stream was liquefied in a scrubber (4000) partially to the TDA-containing liquid phase 6d.
- the head product of the scrubber (4000) was passed through a condenser (4010), the liquid phase obtained there, which consisted predominantly of water and minor proportions of low-boiling by-products and traces of TDA, partially recycled to the scrubber and partially discharged.
- Gaseous overhead predominantly comprising water and low boilers; liquid top product predominantly comprising o-TDA; a side stream withdrawn product comprising predominantly m-TDA (25 tons per hour);
- the energy requirement of the circulation evaporator was 5.5 MW at 202 ° C.
- EP1935871A2 describes that by means of a suitable energy-saving connection with the reaction section, 10.9 MW of extraneous steam for the removal of water for obtaining 25 t / h m-TDA Product flow needed. According to US7307190B2, the subsequent isomer separation can be achieved energy-saving in a dividing wall column, for which an evaporator capacity of 5.6 MW converted is required for the recovery of 25 t / h m-TDA product stream.
- a total of at least 15.5 MW evaporator power in at least two columns is required for the entire reaction mixture separation, compared to 5.5 MW according to the inventive method.
- the inventive distillation in a column is less expensive to produce and easier to operate than the two-column distillation sequence according to the prior art, consisting of a column with heat integration of the reaction section and a dividing wall column.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14777662.9A EP3055284B1 (de) | 2013-10-08 | 2014-10-02 | Verfahren zur hydrierung von dinitrotoluol in der gasphase zur herstellung von toluylendiamin |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13187648 | 2013-10-08 | ||
| PCT/EP2014/071125 WO2015052068A1 (de) | 2013-10-08 | 2014-10-02 | Verfahren zur herstellung von toluylendiamin |
| EP14777662.9A EP3055284B1 (de) | 2013-10-08 | 2014-10-02 | Verfahren zur hydrierung von dinitrotoluol in der gasphase zur herstellung von toluylendiamin |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3055284A1 true EP3055284A1 (de) | 2016-08-17 |
| EP3055284B1 EP3055284B1 (de) | 2017-08-30 |
Family
ID=49303856
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14777662.9A Not-in-force EP3055284B1 (de) | 2013-10-08 | 2014-10-02 | Verfahren zur hydrierung von dinitrotoluol in der gasphase zur herstellung von toluylendiamin |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9518006B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3055284B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP6411479B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20160067158A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN105593205B (de) |
| HU (1) | HUE036444T2 (de) |
| SA (1) | SA516370887B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2015052068A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4549619A1 (de) | 2023-10-31 | 2025-05-07 | Basf Se | Herstellung von aminen durch hydrierung von nitroverbindungen unter verwendung von wasserstoff mit niedrigem deuteriumgehalt |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106565504B (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2018-09-28 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种硝基苯液相加氢制苯胺的方法 |
| GB201615385D0 (en) * | 2016-09-09 | 2016-10-26 | Intensichem Group Ltd | Hydrogenation process |
| PE20231620A1 (es) * | 2020-06-17 | 2023-10-10 | Mac Jee Tecnologia Ltda | Metodo de secado de agua roja proveniente del proceso de purificacion de trinitrotolueno, polvo y producto envasado |
Family Cites Families (24)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB599252A (en) | 1944-01-27 | 1948-03-09 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Improved process for the production of aromatic amines |
| GB832939A (en) * | 1957-11-27 | 1960-04-21 | Ici Ltd | Improved reduction process |
| US3136818A (en) | 1960-01-15 | 1964-06-09 | Basf Ag | Production of aniline |
| US3093685A (en) | 1960-10-21 | 1963-06-11 | Gen Aniline & Film Corp | Catalytic reduction of aromatic mononitro compounds |
| CH490317A (de) | 1967-12-01 | 1970-05-15 | Lonza Ag | Verfahren zur Durchführung der katalytischen Gasphasenhydrierung von organischen Nitroverbindungen zu den entsprechenden Aminen |
| DE2456308A1 (de) | 1974-11-28 | 1976-08-12 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von aminoverbindungen |
| US4740621A (en) | 1985-11-01 | 1988-04-26 | First Chemical Corporation | Co-production of an aromatic monoamine and an aromatic diamine directly from benzene or a benzene derivative through controlled nitration |
| DE3734344A1 (de) * | 1987-10-10 | 1989-04-20 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur verdampfung von dinitrotoluolen (dnt) |
| DE4323687A1 (de) * | 1993-07-15 | 1995-01-19 | Bayer Ag | Kontinuierliches Verfahren zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen |
| DE4428017A1 (de) | 1994-08-08 | 1996-02-15 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen |
| DE4428018A1 (de) | 1994-08-08 | 1996-02-15 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen |
| DE19521587A1 (de) | 1995-06-14 | 1996-12-19 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren und Katalysator zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen durch Gasphasenhydrierung |
| DE19521670A1 (de) | 1995-06-14 | 1996-12-19 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren und Katalysator zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen durch Gasphasenhydrierung |
| US6005143A (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 1999-12-21 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Use of a monolith catalyst for the hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene to toluenediamine |
| KR100655354B1 (ko) * | 1998-12-12 | 2006-12-08 | 바스프 악티엔게젤샤프트 | 아민의 제조 방법 |
| US6359177B1 (en) | 2000-12-15 | 2002-03-19 | Bayer Corporation | Process for separating mixtures of materials having different boiling points |
| DE102005008613A1 (de) | 2005-02-23 | 2006-08-31 | Basf Ag | Vefahren zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen oder aliphatischen Aminoalkoholen |
| DE102005032430A1 (de) | 2005-07-12 | 2007-01-25 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Toluylendiamin |
| DE102006035203A1 (de) | 2006-07-29 | 2008-01-31 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen |
| DE102006059678A1 (de) | 2006-12-18 | 2008-06-19 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von aromatischen Aminen |
| DE102006060572A1 (de) | 2006-12-19 | 2008-06-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Toluylendiaminen durch katalytische Hydrierung von Dinitrotoluolen |
| DE102008063308B4 (de) * | 2008-12-29 | 2013-03-07 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Toluylendiamin durch Hydrierung von Dinitrotoluol |
| SG185374A1 (en) * | 2010-05-17 | 2012-12-28 | Basf Se | Process for preparing tolylenediamine by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene |
| US8609899B2 (en) | 2010-05-17 | 2013-12-17 | Basf Se | Process for preparing toluenediamine by hydrogenation of dinitrotoluene |
-
2014
- 2014-10-02 WO PCT/EP2014/071125 patent/WO2015052068A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2014-10-02 HU HUE14777662A patent/HUE036444T2/hu unknown
- 2014-10-02 KR KR1020167011767A patent/KR20160067158A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-10-02 JP JP2016521289A patent/JP6411479B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-02 EP EP14777662.9A patent/EP3055284B1/de not_active Not-in-force
- 2014-10-02 CN CN201480055696.6A patent/CN105593205B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-02 US US15/027,327 patent/US9518006B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-04-07 SA SA516370887A patent/SA516370887B1/ar unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2015052068A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4549619A1 (de) | 2023-10-31 | 2025-05-07 | Basf Se | Herstellung von aminen durch hydrierung von nitroverbindungen unter verwendung von wasserstoff mit niedrigem deuteriumgehalt |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9518006B2 (en) | 2016-12-13 |
| CN105593205B (zh) | 2017-12-12 |
| EP3055284B1 (de) | 2017-08-30 |
| CN105593205A (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
| JP2016536284A (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
| WO2015052068A1 (de) | 2015-04-16 |
| HUE036444T2 (hu) | 2018-07-30 |
| SA516370887B1 (ar) | 2018-01-21 |
| US20160244402A1 (en) | 2016-08-25 |
| KR20160067158A (ko) | 2016-06-13 |
| JP6411479B2 (ja) | 2018-10-24 |
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