EP3054065A2 - Systeme de reutilisation d'une partie d'un reservoir de stockage d'huile usee et sa fondation ainsi qu'un procede pour faciliter une telle reutilisation ; procede de decoupe d'une plaque de fond d'un reservoir de stockage d'huile et systeme permettant de stocker de l'huile de maniere ecologique - Google Patents

Systeme de reutilisation d'une partie d'un reservoir de stockage d'huile usee et sa fondation ainsi qu'un procede pour faciliter une telle reutilisation ; procede de decoupe d'une plaque de fond d'un reservoir de stockage d'huile et systeme permettant de stocker de l'huile de maniere ecologique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3054065A2
EP3054065A2 EP16154785.6A EP16154785A EP3054065A2 EP 3054065 A2 EP3054065 A2 EP 3054065A2 EP 16154785 A EP16154785 A EP 16154785A EP 3054065 A2 EP3054065 A2 EP 3054065A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
storage tank
oil storage
bottom plate
foil
oil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16154785.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3054065B1 (fr
EP3054065A3 (fr
EP3054065B8 (fr
Inventor
Perry BERTRAM
Daniel EDEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aannemingsbedrijf H Verwater & Zonen BV
Original Assignee
Aannemersbedrijf Verwater & Zn BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aannemersbedrijf Verwater & Zn BV filed Critical Aannemersbedrijf Verwater & Zn BV
Publication of EP3054065A2 publication Critical patent/EP3054065A2/fr
Publication of EP3054065A3 publication Critical patent/EP3054065A3/fr
Publication of EP3054065B1 publication Critical patent/EP3054065B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3054065B8 publication Critical patent/EP3054065B8/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04HBUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/02Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
    • E04H7/04Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal
    • E04H7/06Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal with vertical axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • B24C1/045Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass for cutting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26FPERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
    • B26F3/00Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor
    • B26F3/004Severing by means other than cutting; Apparatus therefor by means of a fluid jet
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/38Foundations for large tanks, e.g. oil tanks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for re-use of a part of a used oil storage tank and its foundation.
  • the invention further relates to a method for facilitating re-use of a part of a used oil storage tank and its foundation.
  • the invention also relates to a method for cutting a steel oil storage tank bottom plate and to a system for storing oil in an environmentally friendly way.
  • Oil storage tanks are relatively large constructions, comprising: an oil storage tank bottom plate; an oil storage tank wall which is usually closed in itself and has the shape of a huge cylinder; and a rooftop.
  • the oil storage tank wall is often referred to as the shell.
  • the oil storage tank wall and the bottom plate are usually made of steel.
  • An oil storage tank is often situated on a foundation which may be of concrete or of a well-prepared soil, such as one comprising a bedding of sand.
  • a bedding of sand may be based on soil sand, sand formed by crushed stones, bitumen sand (also referred to as asphalt) or normal river sand.
  • the thickness of the bedding of sand is about 10 cm.
  • the other method for building an oil storage tank is the so-called "stacking method".
  • the oil storage bottom plate will be placed on the foundation.
  • a cylindrical part of the oil storage tank wall will be placed on the bottom plate.
  • another cylindrical part of the oil storage tank wall will be placed on the previously positioned cylindrical part of the oil storage tank wall. This process continues till the intended height of the oil storage tank wall has been reached.
  • the oil storage tank roof will be placed on top. Also throughout this process well-defined stages are available during which the oil storage tank bottom plate and the oil storage tank wall parts will be welded together.
  • the methods have in common that the foundation will first be built, that is, the soil is prepared, the foil is placed and the bedding of sand is put on the foil. Building a foundation is equally labor-intensive, time-consuming and costly. This would be even more the case when for this work at least a part of the oil storage tank would need to be jacked up.
  • foundations could also be made of concrete as indicated above, this option will not be discussed in detail as the presently presented invention is more suitable for use for foundations which comprise a bedding of sand and a foil.
  • the invention provides for a system for re-use of a part of a used oil storage tank and its foundation, wherein the system comprises at a location: a used oil storage tank wall; and a used foundation.
  • the foundation comprises soil and a used foil embedded in this soil for ensuring that oil does not leak through to the soil located underneath the foil.
  • the system is made free from at least a part of a used oil storage tank bottom plate as a result of producing cut surfaces as part of the system. The cut surfaces are used, or are usable, for welding of at least a part of a new oil storage tank bottom plate into the system.
  • the foil is still usable for ensuring that oil will not leak through to the soil underneath the foil.
  • This system according to the invention is a result of the insight that the bottom plate can be removed by a cutting method that does not penetrate through the foil in the foundation, and that does at the same time offer the possibility to rapidly install a new bottom plate.
  • such a system is much faster ready for re-use. Welding a new oil storage tank bottom plate into such a system can take place without much further preparation. Use can be made of the cut surfaces of the system. As the foil is still usable for ensuring that oil will not leak through to the soil underneath the foil, the foundation does not need to be re-done in its entirety. If anything, the sand of the bedding, in which also some oil may be present due to leakage from the storage tank, might need to be replaced. However, the cumbersome activity of removing the existing foil and "installing" new foil, for which also the oil storage tank wall will need to be jacked up as the foil will need to extend beyond the circumference of that wall, can be dispensed with. This saves a lot of time and costs.
  • the presence of the cut surfaces as part of the system and used or usable for welding of at least a part of a new oil storage tank bottom plate into the system facilitates a swift re-use of the oil storage tank. Having these cut surfaces as a remainder of the freeing up of the used oil storage tank from the used oil storage tank bottom plate ensure that the system is, after preparing a new foundation - if needed at all, ready for using a new oil storage tank bottom plate without significant further preparations. Had the system been made free without the production of these cut surfaces, then no surfaces would be directly available for use for welding of a new oil storage tank bottom plate into the system. Additional preparatory work would delay the re-functioning of the oil storage tank and increase the costs.
  • the invention further provides a method for facilitating re-use of a part of a used oil storage tank and its foundation, wherein at the location: a used oil storage tank wall is in position for forming part of an oil storage tank; a used oil storage tank bottom plate is in position for being a bottom of the oil storage tank; and a foundation is in place for supporting the oil storage tank.
  • the foundation comprises soil and a foil embedded in the soil for ensuring that oil which has leaked through the oil storage tank bottom plate into the soil above the foil, will not leak through to the soil underneath the foil.
  • the method comprises removing at least a part of the oil storage tank bottom plate by means of producing cut surfaces as part of the system in such a way that the cut surfaces are usable for welding of at least a part of a new oil storage tank bottom plate into the system and in such a way that the foil remains usable for ensuring that oil will not leak through to the soil underneath the foil.
  • this method speeds up re-use of a part of a used oil storage tank and its foundation, in line with arguments put forward above in relation to the invented system.
  • removing the oil storage tank bottom plate comprises cutting the oil storage tank bottom plate in small loose parts for removing these to a position outside the oil storage tank wall.
  • Such smaller parts can be taken out of the oil storage tank without the need for producing a large exit route out of the oil storage tank.
  • a relatively small hole in the tank wall will be sufficient for entrance of the cutting equipment into the tank and exit of those loose freshly-cut parts of the bottom plate out of the tank.
  • At least a number of the cut surfaces are part of the used oil storage tank wall and/or part of a remainder of the oil storage tank bottom plate. This facilitates, in case the cut surfaces are part of the used oil storage tank wall, a complete replacement of the oil storage tank bottom plate. On the other hand, in case the cut surfaces are part of a remainder of the oil storage tank bottom plate, this facilitates replacing only those parts of the oil storage tank bottom plate which were no longer in a good condition and needed to be replaced. Other parts which are still in a very good condition, can be maintained for functioning as a part of the newly-prepared oil storage tank bottom plate.
  • the method is carried out such that the used oil storage tank wall remains in a position for forming part of the oil storage tank.
  • the method is less risky, less labor-intensive, less time-consuming and therefore less costly. It is possible, for instance, as indicated above, to cut a relatively small opening in the oil storage tank wall for entrance of cutting equipment into the oil storage tank and for removing loose cut parts of the oil storage tank bottom plate and the cutting equipment again out of the oil storage tank. Alternatively, use is made of a manhole that may be present in the oil storage tank wall.
  • removing the oil storage tank bottom plate comprises cutting the oil storage tank bottom plate using an abrasive medium. This tends to be a method which is free from generating sparks and/or heat, so that there is no chance of fire and/or explosions by interactions of any sparks and/or heat with residues of oil in the soil directly under the oil storage tank bottom plate.
  • the medium comprises a beam of water, preferably enriched with grit particles.
  • a medium is environmentally friendly, also acts as a coolant, and is relatively cheap in operation, especially as risks for any workers are low and labor costs can be kept reasonably low.
  • the oil storage tank bottom plate has a centrally positioned lowest part. This means that any forces introduced by the gravity of the oil storage tank wall and roof and absorbed by the oil storage tank bottom plate , are partly conducted away within the bottom plate to the centrally positioned lowest part. This allows for applying a very sophisticated method that would facilitate maintenance of the foundation and the foil embedded in the soil of the foundation.
  • the gap of a cut made during cutting has a width which is so small that the width of the gap is narrowed or the gap is closed due to release of stresses of the oil storage tank bottom plate.
  • This has the advantage that water can no longer that easily disappear through the gap into the soil of the foundation. Thus, any damage to the foundation will be minimized.
  • This method is particularly useful when applied before any oil has leaked out of the oil storage tank through the bottom plate into the foundation. As this method ensures that the foundation, i.e. sand bedding remains in good condition, and no leakage has taken place, only the bottom plate needs to be replaced or partly be renewed.
  • the water beam is produced by a nozzle having a diameter which is less than about 0.45mm, for instance a diameter in a range down to 0.2 mm. This has shown to produce a gap which can be closed after its production by release of stresses within the plate that is being cut.
  • a velocity of the nozzle along a surface of the oil storage tank bottom plate is such that the plate is just about to be cut through.
  • water is blocked from reaching the foundation, so that again any damage to the foundation will be minimal.
  • this method is particularly useful when applied before any oil has leaked out of the oil storage tank through the bottom plate into the foundation. The foundation is then still in an unpolluted and good condition so that re-use of the oil storage tank is possible after a swift reinstalment of a new oil storage tank bottom plate, without having had to also replace part of or the complete foundation.
  • the invention further provides a method for cutting a steel oil storage tank bottom plate of an oil storage tank, comprising producing in the steel bottom plate a cut so that the gap is formed between two parts of the steel bottom plate.
  • the gap has a width so small that due to stresses present in the steel oil storage tank bottom plate the width of the gap is narrowed, or the gap is fully closed.
  • FIG. 1 shows as a further introduction to the invention an oil storage tank 1 on its foundation 2.
  • the oil storage tank 1 comprises an oil tank wall 3, an oil storage tank roof 4 and an oil storage tank bottom plate 5.
  • the foundation 2 comprises soil 8 and a foil 7, embedded in the soil 6.
  • the oil storage tank bottom plate 5 tends to have a centrally positioned lowest part 11.
  • the bottom plate 5 has been constructed in that way, so that on pumping out the oil storage tank the final rest of oil will always find that lowest position 11 in the tank. That final residue of oil can easily be pumped out of the tank as it is known where it will be just before the tank is fully emptied out.
  • the foil 7 is embedded in the soil 6. Above the foil and underneath the bottom plate 5 there is a bedding of sand 8 as part of the soil and as part of the foundation 2.
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a system according to the invention for re-use of a part of a used oil storage tank and its foundation.
  • the system comprises at a location a used oil storage tank wall 3' and a used foundation 2'.
  • the foundation 2' comprises soil 6' and a used foil 7' embedded in the soil 6' for ensuring that oil does not leak through to the soil 6' underneath the foil 7'.
  • the system is made free from at least a part of the used oil storage tank bottom plate. This is a result of producing cut surfaces 12 as part of the system. Possible ways of producing such cut surfaces 12 are discussed below.
  • the cut surfaces 12 are usable for welding of at least a part of a new oil storage tank bottom plate into the system.
  • cut surfaces 12 which are usable for welding of at least a part of a new oil storage tank bottom plate into the system, do not necessarily need to be machined, or otherwise treated, to change the geometry and/or composition of these surfaces before a part of the new oil storage tank bottom plate can be welded into the system. Although these cut surfaces 12 may themselves be used for welding a part of an oil storage tank bottom plate against, it may equally be the case that a new oil storage tank bottom plate is positioned such that there is overlap between the remaining parts of the used old storage tank bottom plate and the new oil storage tank bottom plate parts. Thus, welding does not necessarily need to take place at the cut surfaces 12.
  • FIG. 3 an embodiment is shown in which at least a number of the cut surfaces 12 are part of the used oil storage tank wall 3.
  • the system shown in Figure 3 is made fully free from a used oil storage tank bottom plate.
  • the oil storage tank wall 3' is at the location positioned at a height it had during use as part of a used oil storage tank when that tank was in use.
  • the equipment for cutting partly or entirely the used oil storage tank bottom plate 5' can be entered into the tank by an opening 10 in the tank wall 3', particularly made for that purpose.
  • the parts of the oil storage tank bottom plate as cut out of the used oil storage tank bottom plate 5' can also be carried out of the oil storage tank 1 via the opening 10 which is often referred to as a door-sheet.
  • Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment wherein the oil storage tank wall 3' is at the location positioned at a height which is higher than a position it had during use as part of the used oil storage tank 1' when that tank was in use. Although no jacking equipment is shown, it is likely that the oil storage tank wall is jacked up. Only for very small oil storage tanks it may be possible to lift the oil storage tank wall up using hoisting equipment.
  • a used oil storage tank 3' is in position for forming part of an oil storage tank 1.
  • a used oil storage tank bottom plate 5' for being a bottom for the oil storage tank 1.
  • a foundation 2' for supporting the oil storage tank 1.
  • the foundation 2' comprises soil 6' and a foil 7' embedded in the soil 6' for ensuring that oil which has leaked through the oil storage tank bottom plate 5 into soil (bedding of sand 6) above the foil, will not leak through to the soil 6' underneath the foil 7'.
  • the method comprises removing at least a part of the oil storage tank bottom plate 5' by means of producing cut surfaces 12 as part of the system in such a way that the cut surfaces 12 are usable for welding of at least part of a new oil storage tank bottom plate into the system and in such a way that the foil 7' remains usable for ensuring that oil will not leak through to the soil 6' underneath the foil 7'.
  • At least a number of the cut surfaces 12 may be part of the used oil storage tank wall 3. However, alternatively, or also additionally, it is possible that at least a number of cut surfaces 12 are part of a remainder of the oil storage tank bottom plate 5'.
  • the method may be carried out such that the used oil storage tank wall 3' remains in a position for forming part of the oil storage tank 1'.
  • the oil storage tank wall 3' remains positioned at a height it had during use as part of the used oil storage tank when that tank was in use.
  • the oil storage tank wall 3' is at a position which is higher than a position it had during use as part of the used oil storage tank 1' when that tank was in use.
  • removing the oil storage tank bottom plate comprises cutting the oil storage tank bottom plate, partly or completely, in small loose parts for removing these to a position outside the oil storage tank wall 3'.
  • Removing the oil storage tank bottom plate comprises cutting the oil storage tank bottom plate using an abrasive medium.
  • the medium may comprise a beam of a highly-pressurized water, preferably enriched with grit particles, for instance made of natural or synthetic fragments of diamond.
  • the oil storage tank bottom plate 5, 5' has a centrally positioned lowest part 11.
  • a gap of a cut made during cutting has a width which is so small that the width of the gap is narrowed or the gap is fully closed due to release of stresses in the oil storage tank bottom plate.
  • stresses are present as a result of the weight of the oil storage tank wall and roof. These gravitational forces are at least to an extent carried through along the plate direction of the bottom plate.
  • the water beam is preferably produced by nozzle having a diameter which is less than about 0.45mm, preferably a diameter in a range down to 0.2 mm.
  • the water volume used for producing the beam may be 3 to 4 liters per minute. Preferably, this is even less, for instance a volume flow within a range down to as low as 0.5 liters per minute.
  • the beam may leave traces up to a depth of 0.1 to 9 cm from a lower side of the oil storage tank bottom plate. Preferably, this is even less, for instance 0.1 cm to at most 5 cm.
  • a velocity of the nozzle 13 along a surface of the oil storage tank bottom plate is such that the plate is just about to be cut through.
  • the method is preferably carried out such that a remaining connection between parts of the cut oil storage tank bottom plate positioned at opposite sides of the cut will break under influence of forces generated by the weight of at least one of the respective parts.
  • a cutter (not shown) is moving in the direction of arrow V.
  • the arrows P show a direction of movement of the freshly-cut surfaces 12.
  • cutting comprises using an abrasive medium.
  • the medium preferably comprises a beam of water, preferably enriched with grit particles, for instance based on natural or synthetic diamond fragments.
  • the water beam may be produced by a nozzle having a diameter which is less than 0.45mm, for instance a diameter in a range down to 0.2 mm.
  • the water volume used for producing the beam is 3 to 4 liters per minute, or even much less, for instance a volume flow in a range down to 0.5 liters per minute.
  • Figure 6 shows in a schematic side and cross-sectional view that water W flows back to above the plate that is being cut. As the width of the gap narrows, and often is fully closed, not much water, if any, flows into the bedding of sand 8'. The bedding may then not need to be fully replaced, particularly if no oil residues had leaked into the bedding.
  • FIG. 7 showing a system for storing oil in an environmentally friendly way.
  • the system comprises an oil storage tank 1 and a foundation 2 for the oil storage tank 1.
  • the foundation 2 comprises soil 6 and a foil 7 embedded in the soil for preventing oil from leaking through to the soil 6 and then into foil 7.
  • the system comprises a first oil detection system 15 positioned in the soil 6 above the foil 7 and a second oil detection system 16 positioned in the soil 6 underneath the foil 7.
  • Each oil detection system 15, 16 allows for a communication, in the broadest technically feasible sense, with a position outside the foundation 2 and outside the oil storage tank 1. This communication is schematically depicted by line 15', respectively 16'. The communication may allow for the physical taking of a sample out of a collector 17, 18 of the oil detection system 15, 16.
  • This system allows for initially detecting when bottom plate 5 of the oil storage tank 1 is leaking, as oil detection system 15 may via communication 15' flag up that oil has been collected in oil collector 17.
  • oil detection system 15 may via communication 15' flag up that oil has been collected in oil collector 17.
  • an assessment is made as to whether the foil 7 needs to be replaced. Should any oil have been detected by oil detection system 16, then also foil 7 would need to be replaced. However, should no oil have been detected by oil detection system 16, then it may be decided that foil 7 is still suitable for ensuring that no oil will be leaking through foil 7 into the soil underneath foil 7.
  • Oil detection 16 may also be replaced by another type of liquid detection system so that after removing bottom plate 5 of the oil storage tank, one can test, for instance with water, whether foil 7 is still intact. Then, oil detection 16 positioned in the soil underneath the foil would equally be suitable for detecting water.
  • oil detection systems work on the basis of taking a sample, then it is very possible to decide swiftly if, and if so, what has been leaking through into the respective detection system.
  • the system may thus comprise a first liquid detection system positioned in the soil above the foil and may comprise a second liquid detection system positioned in the soil underneath the foil.
  • the first liquid detection system may be arranged to allow for detection of oil and/or water.
  • the second liquid detection system may be arranged to allow for detection of oil and/or water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP16154785.6A 2015-02-09 2016-02-09 Système de réutilisation d'une partie d'un réservoir de stockage d'huile usée et sa fondation Active EP3054065B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL1041181 2015-02-09

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3054065A2 true EP3054065A2 (fr) 2016-08-10
EP3054065A3 EP3054065A3 (fr) 2016-11-02
EP3054065B1 EP3054065B1 (fr) 2023-10-04
EP3054065B8 EP3054065B8 (fr) 2023-11-22

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EP16154785.6A Active EP3054065B8 (fr) 2015-02-09 2016-02-09 Système de réutilisation d'une partie d'un réservoir de stockage d'huile usée et sa fondation

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP3054065B8 (fr)
NL (1) NL1041368B1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114960728A (zh) * 2022-06-22 2022-08-30 江苏京源环保股份有限公司 一种钢制筒体与混凝土底面密封连接结构

Family Cites Families (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61242263A (ja) * 1985-04-17 1986-10-28 日本鋼管株式会社 タンクの解体工法
JP3259978B2 (ja) * 1992-03-30 2002-02-25 九石興業株式会社 円筒形貯槽の解体方法
US6224743B1 (en) * 1998-02-06 2001-05-01 Fluor Daniel, Inc. Cathodic protection methods and apparatus
US6402587B1 (en) * 1999-12-22 2002-06-11 General Electric Company Floor mounted ultra high pressure abrasive cutting apparatus
NL1020622C2 (nl) * 2002-05-17 2003-03-06 Martinus Grijpstra Systeem, inrichting en werkwijze voor het snijden van staalplaat.

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Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114960728A (zh) * 2022-06-22 2022-08-30 江苏京源环保股份有限公司 一种钢制筒体与混凝土底面密封连接结构
CN114960728B (zh) * 2022-06-22 2023-11-21 江苏京源环保股份有限公司 一种钢制筒体与混凝土底面密封连接结构

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL1041368B1 (en) 2016-10-12
EP3054065B1 (fr) 2023-10-04
EP3054065A3 (fr) 2016-11-02
EP3054065B8 (fr) 2023-11-22

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