EP3053843A1 - Side element of a transport package and transport package - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a transport packaging (1) which has a bottom element (2) and at least one side element (4, 6, 8, 10) connected to the bottom element, which has a frame of interconnected slats of wood, the connection between two formed with interconnected slats as a tongue-and-groove connection, most advantageously as a finger joint.

Description

The present invention relates to a side element of a transport packaging according to the preamble of patent claim 1, as well as a transport packaging according to the preamble of patent claim 15.

Wooden shipping packages, such as packages for shipping industrial goods, are known in a variety of different configurations. For a filling with heavy goods, there are, for example, wooden boxes that are both stackable, but on the other hand are also reusable.

However, wooden boxes often have a very high weight even when unfilled. In order to save weight here, also casings are often used, which are designed as frame racks. These racks are usually connected to each other with nails, staples or screws and must, especially if they are to be stacked, have a high stability against shear forces. They consist of longitudinal strips, vertical strips and diagonals and are nailed to each other at their crossing points. The slats are usually stabilized with a variety of diagonal struts.

Since additional diagonal braces must be installed to stabilize the frame construction, the material consumption increases. Due to the design, the individual parts overlap, which, due to the multi-layer structure, correspondingly reduces the available internal volume in relation to the external dimension.

A variant of this construction is made by using stumps abutting bars with nail plates knotted. For this purpose, significantly more nails, and for each corner joint or butt joint additional node plates needed.

The production of such transport packaging is usually carried out by hand or on stationary nail systems. These methods require a high use of personnel, elaborate templates for the exact positioning of the items for manual production, as well as nailing machines, resulting in high costs already in the run-up to production. Likewise, the templates must be checked regularly during the production cycles and possibly repaired. The storage of the templates as well as the complex setup of the workstations is a problem and also causes high costs. For the connections of the items nails are used, which must be kept in different lengths in stock, also required to insert the nails appropriate equipment, compressors and hose lines.

Another significant disadvantage is the threat to employees when using the nailers, as it happens again and again that injured by incorrect operation or carelessness workers. It is thus a permanent instruction of the employees, as well as permanent monitoring of compliance with safety regulations required.

In many cases, the crates used are disposable, which must be disposed of on arrival at the destination. The materials must be separated. Through the nails or screws, etc., with which the items be assembled, arise in the disposal problems, since the individual parts can not be sawed easily, shredded or burned. Thus, the disposal designed consuming, the nails are lost.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a side member of a transport packaging, as well as a transport packaging, which does not have these disadvantages.

This object is achieved by a side member of a transport packaging according to claim 1, and by a transport packaging according to claim 15. Advantageous embodiments are specified in the respective subclaims.

In this disclosure, connections between two interconnected slats of a single frame of a side member, where the angle between the longitudinal directions of the two interconnected slats is significantly less than 180 degrees, shall be referred to as corner joints. In a substantially rectangular frame, this angle is thus substantially 90 degrees. Thus, e.g. Also corner joints conceivable in which a lath along its abutting side, that is, along its side perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, is connected to the narrow side of the other bar of the two interconnected slats.

The inventive side elements comprise a frame, preferably substantially rectangular, interconnected wooden slats. According to the invention, the corner joints between two interconnected slats of the frame are designed as tongue-and-groove joints. In this way It can be ensured that two interconnected slats are connected to each other without overhang.

The side elements are advantageously designed as a closed frame. You can additionally also have crossbars and diagonal laths with which, preferably closed, frame is stabilized.

Preferably, side elements arranged adjacent to one another are joined together along common edges and preferably have at their common edges a simple seam connection or a seam / seam connection or a groove / seam connection.

However, the connections within a side member between the slats of the frame and the diagonal slats and / or the transverse slats of the single side member are preferably formed as a tongue-and-groove connections. If appropriate, they can also be designed as a folded connection, for example as a groove-fold connection or as a fold-fold connection or as a simple fold connection. Crimp-fold connections are frequently used when the too small thickness of the slats for stability reasons does not allow groove-rebate connections or slot-and-groove connections.

The corner joints between two interconnected slats of a frame are formed as a tongue and groove joints, wherein at least one of the frames connected to one another slats along its longitudinal side may have a fold extending on the outside of the frame over which then two adjacent side elements are particularly stable connected Under a tongue-and-groove connection between two interconnected fasteners, for example Slats should be understood in the present application, a compound in which the first of the two connecting elements has at least one groove and the second of the two connecting elements has at least one bung, so that the at least one bung of the second connecting element in the at least one groove of the first connecting element , preferably non-positively, engages.

Under a groove to be understood in this application, a recess which is bounded laterally by at least two side walls, and whose maximum diameter is smaller than their length extension. A bung is to be understood as meaning a protruding part on a wood or on a board or the like, which engages in a corresponding groove recess or slot of another wood, board or the like.

A number of different, well-known in the practice groove-bung connections are in the FIG. 12 shown:

FIG. 12 a shows a groove-and-bung connection known in the literature also as a slot-pin connection or as a tongue and groove connection. In this type of connection, one connecting element has a bung 58 and the other connecting element has a groove 60, which engages positively in the one bung 58 of the one connecting element when the one connecting element is connected to the other connecting element.

FIG. 12b shows an offset Fingerzinkung. In this type of connection, one connecting element has a bung 58 and a groove 60, while the other connecting element corresponds to a bung 58 of the one connecting element Has groove 60 and a corresponding with the groove 60 of a connecting element 58 bung.

Figure 12 c shows an example of a finger tine connection. In the case of finger-joint connections, this has one connecting element, in the present case the left-hand connecting element, at least two lugs 58 and at least one groove 60, while the other connecting element, in this case the right-hand connecting element has at least two grooves 60 and at least one peg 58.

Figure 12 d shows a finger jointing. The finger joint is characterized in that the grooves 60 and the spikes 58 are wedge-shaped in cross-section, preferably triangular. The bungs 58 taper towards their front end. The grooves 60 extend in the direction of their open end, so that the bungs 58 of one connecting element, preferably in a form-fitting manner, can be inserted into the grooves 60 of the other connecting element.

FIG. 12 e discloses a compound known as a dovetail joint. In this connection, the bungs 58 have a dovetail-like shape. They rejuvenate, in contrast to the wards 58 in Figure 12 d in the opposite direction, ie in the direction of the connecting element.

Although tongue-and-groove connections are known in the production of high-quality furniture, they have hitherto not been used for transport packaging on the one hand for cost reasons, on the other hand because of their hitherto complex production.

However, tongue and groove connections have the advantage that nails are no longer needed to create a solid connection which eliminates material separation during disposal. In addition, groove-and-groove connections can be made so that they engage frictionally when the individual fasteners mesh. Today, for example, they can be manufactured with modern CNC machines in such a way that they mesh with one another in an almost form-fitting manner. There is no protrusion due to overlapping of the interconnected elements and thus no more dead space during transport of several packaging units.

In contrast to tongue-and-groove connections, which are used in higher-quality furniture, if the individual connection between two slats of a frame to be connected has several grooves, all the grooves of this connection in the inventive transport packaging run essentially parallel to each other, advantageously also in the Substantially parallel to the surface defined by the frame. If the slot-and-groove connection has at least one groove, then the at least one groove between two interconnected slats in the inventive transport packaging preferably runs substantially parallel to the surface defined by the frame of the side element, not perpendicular thereto.

Preferably, the tongue-and-groove connections of the individual side elements, for example, their corner joints, designed as finger jointing. Finger joint connections have the advantage over other tongue and groove connections that, when they have been pressed into one another with a sufficiently high pressure, they are already connected to one another so firmly that the required amount of glue or adhesive to be used is very low and the stability of the frame thus constructed becomes particularly high.

The longitudinal direction of the grooves is preferably aligned parallel to the plane defined by the slats delimiting the lateral element. Also, the individual grooves are preferably at least twice, more preferably at least five times as deep as wide. They can be tapered in the direction of the groove bottom in order to fit better into one another. A displaced to the edge of the groove, which is bounded on one side only by a groove side wall, becomes the fold. A rebate connection therefore frequently requires an additional connecting means in addition to gluing.

The contour of the galvanizing in a groove-bung connection may be straight, circular arc, arrow-shaped, double circular arc, oval, or assume another line shape. The contour of the galvanization of a tongue-and-groove joint of two slats together, a slat with a diagonal slat or a slat with a crossbar may also be a straight section formed obliquely to the longitudinal axis direction of the slat. Diagonal slats and crossbars serve to stabilize the frame of the side element. The selected contours can support such stabilizations.

The connecting elements are preferably wooden slats. These have a length 1, a width b and a thickness d, where l>b> = d. If two such connecting elements are connected to one another, the grooves preferably run perpendicular to the thickness extension of the wooden slats to be connected to each other, whereby they preferably extend substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the connecting element or substantially parallel to its broad side in the case of rectangular wooden slats, "substantially parallel" in FIG this context should mean that angular deviations of up to 8 degrees of parallelism are included. This has the advantage that when the connecting elements are inserted into one another, they adhere to each other on particularly large surfaces and therefore provide a particularly stable connection.

In a preferred embodiment, the first batten has at least one bung, which is preferably arranged to extend parallel to the area spanned by the frame of the side element and which is designed so that the at least one bung of the first batten in the at least one groove of the second batten , preferably non-positively, positively, and / or by adhesive cohesively, can intervene.

In particularly preferred embodiments, the first batten has at least two mutually parallel grooves, and the second batten has at least two mutually parallel bungs, which engage in the at least two mutually parallel grooves of the first batten when the two slats are joined together , whereby an even more stable connection can be created due to the resulting larger common contact surface of the two connecting elements.

The corner joints can be mitred joints having a bevel angle of preferably 45 °, so that a more even distribution of the forces acting on the battens is achieved. However, the corner joints may have any angle between 0 degrees and 180 degrees. They preferably have at least one tongue-and-groove connection and advantageously at their adjoining connecting sides a flat stop which abuts against the stop of the respective other bar in the miter angle of for example 45 degrees. The longitudinal direction of the at least one groove is preferably formed substantially parallel to the plane defined by the miter angle or to the plane defined by the angle of the corner joint.

The at least one groove of the tongue-and-groove connection is preferably formed as a milling groove of a milling tool, for example a gluing cutter, a miter milling cutter, a trapezoidal milling cutter, a tip milling cutter or a slot milling cutter.

Modern milling tools are capable of simultaneously milling a plurality of milling grooves that run parallel to each other, so that the groove-bung connections can be made relatively quickly.

Two connecting elements of a single side element which are to be connected to one another, when they are connected to one another, are preferably connected to one another by way of tongue-and-groove connections. In this case, each of the two connecting elements can be either a crossbar, a diagonal plate or one or more transverse slats.

The tools for producing simultaneously a plurality of mutually parallel milling grooves are therefore advantageously designed so that when the groove-bung connections of the two connecting elements to be joined are made, each formed between two adjacent milling grooves bung of a connecting element in each case a groove the other connecting element, preferably non-positively, particularly preferably engage positively. Such a groove-and-bung arrangement can be produced, for example, by the thickness of two adjacent ones Milling elements of a milling tool about equal to their distance from each other. In this way, the production of tongue-and-groove connections is very simple and tool storage is reduced.

In order to achieve the best possible adhesion between two interconnected slats, the tongue and groove connection, which is preferably designed as a finger joint, advantageously glued or glued, wherein it has been found that the best results with a polyurethane adhesive or a polyurethane having adhesive or Glue be achieved.

So that no dead space is created between two packaging units, the interconnected slats are advantageously connected to one another without overhanging.

An even higher stability, in particular a stability against transverse and shear forces can be achieved in that at least one of the side members at least one crossbar, z. B. of wood, and / or at least one diagonal mat, wherein the at least one crossbar and / or the at least one diagonal plate is designed to stabilize the frame / are. The at least one crossbar and / or at least one diagonal plate is preferably connected to two slats of the at least one side element, wherein the connection between each of the two slats and the at least one crossbar is advantageously also a tongue-and-groove connection. If the transport units are sufficiently stable, they can also be easily stacked on top of each other.

The floor element, which may for example be constructed like a side element, and a frame of slats can, is connected in a possible embodiment with at least one bar of at least one side member, wherein the compound is preferably also formed as a groove-bung, or hinge connection. Such a structure allows the use of a single milling tool for all groove-bung, or rebate connections, which on the one hand enables effective automation of the entire manufacturing process for such transport packaging, on the other hand, a very rapid production.

Tongue and groove connections are particularly stable connections in transport packaging, so that only a few additional stabilizing elements, such as diagonal battens or crossbars are required, which, compared to conventional frame structures, results in a considerable saving of raw materials and wood.

The slats of the side elements may have on their sides directed towards the frame receiving grooves for fillings for receiving flat plate fills, so that, depending on the requirements, the goods to be transported against moisture, dust or light can be protected.

Under a panel filling is in this context a plate-shaped material to understand, such as a cardboard, a wood material, a plastic plate or a metal plate, which is shaped so that it is insertable into the receiving grooves of the slats of the side members.

These flat plate fills can be made very thin, since they do not have to perform any supporting function perpendicular to their plate surfaces, but often only a protective effect against dust, dirt or moisture. Often they unfold but still stabilizing effects against shear forces, as they stabilize the frame construction by their leadership in the grooves of the slats of the side elements.

For example, plywood, cardboard, corrugated cardboard, plastic, metal, wood composites, pressboard or paper can be arranged between the slats as areal panels. Compared to solid wood boxes, such a construction has the advantage of a much lower weight.

As an alternative to flat panel fillings, the elements - sides and / or lids - can also be planked. In this case, the plate fillings are stapled, nailed, stuck or glued to the frame element.

The transport packaging has a bottom element and / or a cover element. It has at least three, preferably four side elements, which are connected to one another and preferably also to the bottom element and / or the cover element in such a way that they enclose an interior space. It is therefore also possible, for example, pentagonal, hexagonal or octagonal side element structures, with triangular, square and hexagonal side element structures have the advantage that they can be placed together without gaps.

Preferably, adjacent side elements are connected to one another along their common edges via simple seam connections and / or groove-fold connections and / or fold-fold connections. Such compounds allow a particularly stable construction of a transport packaging.

The cover element and / or the bottom element may have the same structure as the side elements, ie in particular a frame of preferably rectangularly interconnected slats.

The side elements, the cover element and the bottom element, or the entire transport packaging can be planked with plates, for example with cardboard, wood materials, plastic plates, metal plates or with films. The planking can be done by tacking, nailing, riveting, screwing, stapling or gluing.

The floor element preferably has a floor covering. The flooring can be made of wood, for example, for example, wooden boards, wood panels or other sheet materials. The floor element is preferably a floor pallet, for example a europallet or another standardized pallet, as known from the prior art, which preferably has a wooden floor covering, wherein the floor element preferably has a understructure for, for example, a forklift.

The at least one side element advantageously has a substantially rectangular shape and, in one embodiment, may also be designed as an open frame, that is to say as a frame which has two slats, which are interconnected in each case only with another slat, the open ends of the frame , So these two slats are connected to the bottom element, and this compound is designed as a tongue-and-groove connection or as a hinge connection.

In a further embodiment, each side element has a closed frame, wherein each side element with the bottom element, for example via a tongue-and-groove connection, in which the at least one groove runs along the narrow side of a slat, is connected.

The floor element itself is advantageously made of wood and preferably has a understructure, so that it can be transported, for example, with a forklift.

The inventive transport packaging generally has four side elements connected to the floor element, each of which has a frame of interconnected slats of wood, wherein the side walls are arranged substantially at right angles to each other and to the floor elements and are connected in pairs at common edges. The side members in the preferred embodiments are also interconnected by tongue-and-groove or rabbet joints.

The transport packaging may additionally comprise a cover element which is arranged on the side elements and which likewise has a frame made of wood, preferably rectangular, interconnected slats, wherein the connections of the slats of the cover element are also preferably formed as a tongue-and-groove connections. The lid member may have additional guide rails to allow stable stacking.

The terms used in the following description, such as top, bottom, left, right and the like, refer to the figures and are not intended to be limiting in any way, even though they relate to preferred embodiments. The term "substantially rectangular" is intended to include deviations of up to 8 ° from the right angle. The term "substantially rectangular shape" is intended to include angular deviations of up to to 8 ° of the rectangular shape. "Substantially parallel" in this specification is intended to encompass a deviation of up to 8 ° from a parallel embodiment. A frame is understood to mean both an open frame, for example a U-shaped rectangular frame, and a closed frame.

Fig. 1

ein Beispiel einer erfinderischen Transportverpackung in Form einer Rahmenkonstruktion,

Fig. 2

eine Explosionsdarstellung der einzelnen Seitenelemente, des Deckelelements, sowie des Bodenelements der Transportverpackung nach Figur 1,

Fig. 3

das Deckelelement der Transportverpackung gemäß Figur 1 in perspektivischer Ansicht,

Fig. 4

das Bodenelement der Transportverpackung gemäß Figur 1 in Explosionsdarstellung,

Fig. 5

ein Seitenelement der Transportverpackung gemäß Figur 1 in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 6

die einzelnen Latten des Seitenelements nach Figur 5 in Explosionsdarstellung mit den erfinderischen Nut-Spund-Verbindungen,

Fig. 7

ein zweites Beispiel einer erfinderischen Transportverpackung, mit einem Deckelelement mit Stapelhilfe,

Fig. 8

die Transportverpackung gemäß Figur 7 in einer Explosionsdarstellung,

Fig. 9

ein drittes Beispiel einer erfinderischen Transportverpackung mit Plattenfüllungen,

Fig. 10

eine Explosionsdarstellung der Transportverpackung nach Figur 9,

Fig. 11

ein weiteres Beispiel für ein Seitenelement der erfinderischen Transportverpackung gemäß Figur 9 in Explosionsdarstellung,

Fig. 12

Beispiele für verschiedene Nut-Spund-Verbindungen,

Fig. 13

ein drittes Beispiel für ein Seitenelement der erfinderischen Transportverpackung in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 14

die einzelnen Latten des Seitenelements nach Figur 13 in Explosionsdarstellung mit Nut-Spund-Verbindungen, die eine Winkelkontur aufweisen,

Fig. 15

ein viertes Beispiel für ein Seitenelement der erfinderischen Transportverpackung in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 16

die einzelnen Latten des Seitenelements nach Figur 15 in Explosionsdarstellung mit Nut-Spund Verbindungen, die eine kreisbogenförmige Kontur aufweisen,

Fig. 17

ein fünftes Beispiel für ein Seitenelement der erfinderischen Transportverpackung in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 18

die einzelnen Latten des Seitenelements nach Figur 17 in Explosionsdarstellung mit Nut-Spund Verbindungen mit weiteren kreisbogenförmigen Konturen,

Fig. 19

ein sechstes Beispiel für ein Seitenelement der erfinderischen Transportverpackung in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 20

die einzelnen Latten des Seitenelements nach Figur 19 in Explosionsdarstellung mit Nut-Spund Verbindungen mit weiteren kreisbogenförmigen Konturen,

Fig. 21

eine Falz- Falz Verbindung zwischen zwei Latten in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 22

eine einfache Falzverbindung zwischen zwei Latten in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 23

eine Nut-Falz Verbindung zwischen zwei Latten in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 24

eine Stoßverbindung zwischen zwei Latten in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 25

ein siebtes Beispiel für ein Seitenelement der erfinderischen Transportverpackung in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 26

die einzelnen Latten des Seitenelements nach Figur 25 in Explosionsdarstellung,

Fig. 27

ein achtes Beispiel für ein Seitenelement der erfinderischen Transportverpackung in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 28

die einzelnen Latten des Seitenelements nach Figur 27 in Explosionsdarstellung.

The invention will be described in more detail with reference to drawings. In the drawings shows:

Fig. 1

an example of an inventive transport packaging in the form of a frame construction,

Fig. 2

an exploded view of the individual side elements, the cover element, and the bottom element of the transport packaging FIG. 1 .

Fig. 3

the cover element of the transport packaging according to FIG. 1 in a perspective view,

Fig. 4

the bottom element of the transport packaging according to FIG. 1 in exploded view,

Fig. 5

a side element of the transport packaging according to FIG. 1 in plan view,

Fig. 6

the individual slats of the page element FIG. 5 in exploded view with the inventive tongue and groove connections,

Fig. 7

A second example of an inventive transport packaging, with a cover element with stacking aid,

Fig. 8

the transport packaging according to FIG. 7 in an exploded view,

Fig. 9

A third example of an inventive transport packaging with plate fills,

Fig. 10

an exploded view of the transport packaging FIG. 9 .

Fig. 11

a further example of a side element of the inventive transport packaging according to FIG. 9 in exploded view,

Fig. 12

Examples of different tongue and groove connections,

Fig. 13

a third example of a side element of the inventive transport packaging in plan view,

Fig. 14

the individual slats of the page element FIG. 13 in exploded view with tongue and groove connections, which have an angular contour,

Fig. 15

A fourth example of a side element of the inventive transport packaging in plan view,

Fig. 16

the individual slats of the page element FIG. 15 in exploded view with slot-and-groove connections, which have a circular arc-shaped contour,

Fig. 17

a fifth example of a side element of the inventive transport packaging in plan view,

Fig. 18

the individual slats of the page element FIG. 17 in exploded view with tongue-and-groove connections with further circular-arc contours,

Fig. 19

a sixth example of a side element of the inventive transport packaging in plan view,

Fig. 20

the individual slats of the page element FIG. 19 in exploded view with tongue-and-groove connections with further circular-arc contours,

Fig. 21

a fold-fold connection between two slats in the plan view,

Fig. 22

a simple hinge connection between two slats in plan view,

Fig. 23

a groove-fold connection between two slats in the plan view,

Fig. 24

a butt joint between two slats in plan view,

Fig. 25

a seventh example of a side element of the inventive transport packaging in plan view,

Fig. 26

the individual slats of the page element FIG. 25 in exploded view,

Fig. 27

an eighth example of a side element of the inventive transport packaging in plan view,

Fig. 28

the individual slats of the page element FIG. 27 in exploded view.

FIG. 1 shows a first example of an inventive transport packaging 1. The transport packaging 1 comprises a bottom element 2, four side elements 4, 6, 8, 10, and a cover element 12. The side elements 4, 6, 8, 10, and the cover element 12 are closed Frame structures formed.

Abutting edges of adjacent side elements 4, 6, 8, 10, but also abutting edges of the cover element 12 with one of the side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 and / or the bottom element 2 with one of the side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 are preferably formed as seaming connections. However, they can also be pronounced as butt joints.

FIG. 2 shows the bottom element 2, and the individual frame of the side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 and the cover member 12 in an exploded view.

FIG. 3 shows the lid member 12 of the transport packaging 1 of FIG. 1 in perspective view. The lid member 12 has slats 14, 16, 18, 20, which form a frame 22, and a crossbar 24. The slats 14, 16, 18, 20 are via corner joints 26, such as miter joints, which are formed as a groove-bung connections are connected to each other and preferably glued or glued together with a polyurethane adhesive. Of course, the glue or glue can also be a wood glue. The slats 14, 16, 18, 20 of the lid member 12 have in this embodiment at their outer boundaries each have a fold 27, which Cover element 12 rotates. As a result, the cover element 12 can be placed on the side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 so as to be slip-proof.

FIG. 4 shows the bottom element 2 of the transport packaging 1. The bottom element 2 has a floor covering 30, a bottom frame 32 and a undercarriage structure 34. The floor frame 32 which receives the floor covering 30 is a closed frame to which the side walls 4, 6, 8, 10 are fastened, as shown FIG. 2 evident.

FIG. 5 shows the side member 10 of the transport package 1 in a plan view. The side member 10 is similar to the lid member 12 of a frame 22, and a crossbar 24. A diagonal mat 36 stabilizes the frame 22 in addition to shear forces. The frame 22 is formed of four slats 14, 16, 18 and 20, which are connected to each other, to the closed frame 22. The connections 26 of the slats with each other are corner joints, preferably miter joints 26, which are simultaneously formed as a groove-and-groove connections and are preferably glued or glued together with a polyurethane adhesive. Of course, the glue or glue can also be a wood glue or another glue. The crossbar 24 is connected to both the crossbar 14 and the bar 18. The diagonal plate 36 abutting the crossbar 24 and the slat 18 is connected to the slat 14. The connections 28 of the crossbar 24 with the crossbar 14 and the diagonal plate 36 with the crossbar 14 are juxtaposed groove-and-groove connections which connect the widthwise narrow sides of the elements 24, 36 with a longitudinal narrow side of the crossbar 14. The slats 14, 16, 18, 20, the crossbar 24 and the diagonal plates 36 are formed as wooden slats.

FIG. 6 shows an exploded view of the side member 10. The compound of the elements 24 and 36 with the bar 18 is shown in diagram A in enlargement. The connection of the crossbar 14 with the crossbar 16 and the diagonal plate 36 is shown in enlargement in diagram B. The connection 26 of the two slats 14, 20 with each other is shown in enlargement in diagram C. The compounds shown are tongue and groove connections, wherein the compounds B and C are simultaneously formed as corner joints, preferably as mitred joints.

The FIGS. 7 and 8 show a second example of a transport packaging 1 with a bottom element 2, side elements 4, 6, 8, 10, and a cover element 12. The side elements 4, 6, 8, 10 are connected to each other at their edges 38. The cover element 12 has two stacking aids 40 which are designed as wooden strips and serve as guide rails and adjusting aids for further transport packaging 1 stacked thereon. These stacking aids can also be designed as slats or blocks. In order to be able to move the transport packaging easily with, for example, a forklift, and stack it on top of each other, the bottom element 2 of the transport packaging 1 has a understructure 34 which, in the present example, consists of three underride elements 42, 44, 46 which rest on the bottom frame 32 or on the floor covering 30 are attached. The underrun elements 42, 44, 46 each have a slide board 48, and in each case four skid pads 50. In this way, the bottom element 2 or the transport packaging 1 can be grabbed and manipulated from several sides, for example with a forklift. If two transport packages are stacked on top of one another, then the sliding boards 48 of the two underride elements 42, 46 embrace the two strips Stacking aids 40 on the lid member 12 and thus ensure a firm hold of the two stacked transport packaging each other.

The FIGS. 9 and 10 show a third example of a transport packaging 1. The side elements 4, 6, 8, 10, and the cover member 12 in this case have Plattenfüllungen 52, which are arranged between the slats 14, 16, 18, 20 and transverse slats 24.

FIG. 11 shows an exploded view of the side member 4 of the transport packaging of FIG. 9 , The plate fills 52, for example of cardboard, are guided between the slats 14, 16, 18, 20 and the crossbar 24 in receiving grooves 54 for fillings, which are arranged on the slats 14, 16, 18, 20, and on the crossbar 24. Section A shows an enlargement of the connection 26 between the slats 16 and 18, which is designed as a corner joint, preferably as a miter joint and as a tongue-and-groove joint. The plate filling 52 is guided in the receiving groove for fillings 54. Section B shows in enlargement the tongue and groove connection between the crossbar 24 and the crossbar 18. The slats 16 and 20 each have a fold 27 which is formed so that the two adjoining the slats 16, 20 side elements. 6 10 can be connected to the side member 4 along the longitudinal sides of the slats 16, 20 in a stable and supernatant-free manner, so that the adjacent side members 4, 10 and 4, 6 have common joint edges at which the side members 4, 6 and 4, 10 with each other are connected.

In FIG. 12 are different types of tongue and groove connections between two interconnected elements, for example represented two interconnected slats. The compounds are preferably glued or glued.

FIG. 12a shows a tongue and groove connection in which the left element has a bung 58 and the right element has a groove 60. FIG. 12b shows another groove-and-groove connection in which the left element has a groove 60 and a bung 58 and the right element also has a groove 60 and a bung 58. Figure 12 c shows a connection of two elements, in which the left element has a groove 60 and two bails 58, the right element has a bung 58 and two grooves 60.

In FIG. 12d is a connection, known as a tine connection between two wooden elements, wherein the grooves and the tines, or the grooves 60 and the bungs 58 are triangular. Such tine connections can be made for example with a top cutter. Such tine connection are also called finger joint.

FIG. 12e Finally, shows another groove-bung connection, as it can be milled, for example, with a trapezoidal milling tool. The left connection element has in this case two bungs 58 and two grooves 60. The right element also has two slots 60 and two slots 58. The trapezoidal connection can not be guided vertically into a slot-and-slot connection, but requires lateral insertion along the slot length. It is therefore suitable only for connections in which the grooves are laterally open at least from one side.

The formations bounding the lateral edge of a connecting element are not referred to as spikes. Similarly, the edge limiting recesses of a connecting element are not referred to as grooves. Of course, the corners formed in practice of the grooves 60 and bungs 58 are rounded in most cases. The FIGS. 12a to 12e are also just examples of possible tongue and groove connections. The groove cross section may have many different other shapes.

A number of possible embodiments of tongue-and-groove connections are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,135,774 FIGS. 13 to 20 shown. The compounds are preferably adhesive bonds. In addition or as an alternative, however, they can also have further connecting elements, such as, for example, nails, screws, rivets or staples.

FIG. 13 shows a third example of a side member 4 a transport packaging 1. The side member 4 has a frame 22 of slats 14, 16, 18, 20, a crossbar 24 and a diagonal mat 36. The groove-spur connections of the diagonal plate 36 have, as in FIG. 14 shown at its longitudinal ends arrow-shaped contours 56, which are also referred to as angular contours. The arrow-shaped contours 56 are arranged at the two longitudinal ends of the diagonal plate 36. They are positively connected at one longitudinal end with the miter joints of the slats 14 and 16, and they are non-positively and / or positively and / or materially connected to the crossbar 24 and the bar 18 at its other longitudinal end, so that the contours 56th on the longitudinal sides of the slats 14 and 16, and the bar 18 and the crossbar 24 abut.

FIG. 15 shows a fourth example of a side member 4 a transport packaging 1. The side member 4 has a frame 22 of slats 14, 16, 18, 20, and a cross-bar 24, which serves to reinforce the frame 22. The tongue and groove connections of the crossbar 24 have, as in FIG. 16 is shown at its longitudinal ends circular arc contours 56. The slats 14 and 18, with which the crossbar 24 is connected, have at the connection points 28 on their longitudinal sides arcuate cutouts which are non-positively and / or positively and / or materially connected to the longitudinal ends of the crossbar 24. The corner joints 26 of the slats 14 and 16, and 16 and 18 together also have circular-arc contours 56. Such contours increase the shear force stability of the side member 4 compared to straight contours.

FIG. 17 shows a fifth example of a side member 4 a transport packaging 1. The side member 4 has a frame 22 of slats 14a, 14b, 16, 18a, 18b, 20, and a crossbar 24, which serves to reinforce the frame 22. The crossbar 24 has in the present example at their longitudinal ends in each case a double-circular arc-shaped contour 56 to on the one side with the two slats 14a, 14b and on the other side with the two slats 18a, 18b, each having corresponding corresponding arc segment cutouts be positively and / or positively connected and / or materially connected. In FIG. 18 the connections 28 are shown in more detail. The compound 28 is formed as a tongue-and-groove connection. The crossbar 24 is connected at the connection 28 with the two slats 14a and 14b.

FIG. 19 Finally shows a sixth embodiment of a side member 4, which is carried out similarly as the Page element 4 in the example of FIG. 15 , In contrast to the fourth embodiment is how the FIG. 20 can be seen, the frame 22, which also has a cross member 24, planked with a plate 52. The plate can be, for example, stapled onto the frame construction 22, 24, nailed on, screwed on, or even glued on.

FIG. 20 is an exploded view of FIG. 19 ,

The FIGS. 21 to 24 show two slats 16 and 20 in each case a section perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, which are arranged parallel to each other and adjacent to each other and are joined together along common edges. The edge joints between the slats 16 and 20, the side members 4-6, 6-8, 8-10, 10-4 adjacent to each other, in this case the edge joints between the slat 16 of the side member 8 and the slat 20 of the side member 6 are shown.

In FIG. 21 Both slats 16, 20 each have a fold 27. Such a connection is also called fold-fold connection.

FIG. 22 shows a connection in which only the bar 16 has a fold (27). The lath 20 is flush with the fold 27 of the crossbar 16. This connection is called a simple seam connection.

FIG. 23 shows two slats 16, 20 which are connected together along their longitudinal sides via a groove-fold connection. In this case, the bar 16 of the frame 8, the groove, which the protruding end of the fold 27 of the bar 20 of the frame 6 receives a positive fit.

FIG. 24 Finally, shows an example in which the bar 20 of the frame 6 is connected via a simple butt joint with the bar 16 of the frame 8. Here, neither the lath 16, nor the lath 20 has a fold. There is therefore no seam connection in this example.

The FIGS. 25 to 28 show further possible corner joints between the slats of a single frame of a page element.

FIG. 25 shows a side member 10 of a transport packaging 1 with a frame 22 which is constructed of slats 14, 16, 18 and 20, whose corner joints 26 are formed as a groove-and-groove connections. The frame 22 is stabilized with three crossbars 24, which are connected along their abutting sides with the narrow sides of the slats 14 and 18 of the frame, also via tongue and groove connections 28. FIG. 26 shows an exploded view of the side member 10 FIG. 25 , The corner joint 26 which connects the slat 20 to the slat 14 is shown enlarged in a circle Q. In this case, the abutting side of the crossbar 20 is connected to the narrow side of the crossbar 14, wherein the connection is a tongue and groove connection.

FIG. 27 shows, as well FIG. 25 an embodiment of a side member 10 of a transport packaging 1 with a frame 22 which is constructed of slats 14, 16, 18 and 20. The corner joints 26 are also formed as a tongue-and-groove connections. The frame 22 is stabilized with a crossbar 24 and with a diagonal plate 36. The crossbar 24 and the diagonal plate 36 are along their abutting sides with the narrow sides the slats 14 and 18 of the frame, also connected via slot-spur connections 28. FIG. 28 shows an exploded view of the side member 10 FIG. 27 , The corner joint 26 connecting the slat 20 to the slat 14 is shown enlarged in a circle R. In this case, the abutting side of the crossbar 20 is connected to the narrow side of the crossbar 14. The connection is a groove-and-bung connection 26, to which another groove-bung connection 28, which connects the diagonal plate 36 to the slat 14, connects.

The invention has been explained with reference to preferred embodiments, without being limited to these embodiments. The features of the embodiments are freely combinable with other features or interchangeable, if there is compatibility. For example, different embodiments of tongue and groove connections can be realized in a single side element. It is also possible to realize seam connections, groove-fold connections or both tongue-and-groove connections as well as seam connections and / or groove-fold connections in each individual side element.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

transport packaging

2

floor element

4

page element

6

page element

8th

page element

10

page element

12

cover element

14

bar

16

bar

18

bar

20

bar

22

frame

24

crossbar

26

corner connection

27

fold

28

connection

30

Flooring

32

bottom frame

34

Underride construction

36

diagonal bar

38

edge

40

stacking aid

42, 44, 46

Underride element

48

sliding board

50

skid pads

52

Plate filling, plate

54

Receiving groove for fillings

56

contour

58

bung

60

groove

Claims (22)

Side member (4, 6, 8, 10) of a transport packaging (1) comprising a frame (22) which is constructed of slats (14, 16, 18, 20) made of wood, which are connected to each other via corner joints (26),
characterized in that
the corner joints (26) are designed as groove-and-groove connections. Side member (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
at least one of the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) has a fold (27) extending along its longitudinal side. Side member (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that
at least one corner joint (26) is a tongue-and-groove joint between a first batten (14, 16, 18, 20) and a second batten (16, 18, 20, 14), the first batten (14, 16, 18, 20) has at least one groove (60), which preferably runs parallel to the surface defined by the frame (22) of the side element (4, 6, 8, 10), and wherein the second lath (16, 18, 20, 14) at least one bung (58) such that the at least one bung (58) of the second batten (16, 18, 20, 14) fits into the at least one groove (60) of the first batten (14, 16, 18, 20), preferably non-positively, and / or positively, and / or material fit, engages. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 3,
characterized in that
the first batten (14, 16, 18, 20) has at least one bung (58), so that the at least one bung (58) of the first lath (14, 16, 18, 20) in the at least one groove (60) of the second bar (16, 18, 20, 14), preferably non-positively, and / or positively, and / or materially engages. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the first lath (14, 16, 18, 20) has at least two mutually parallel grooves (60) and the second lath (16, 18, 20, 14) has at least two mutually parallel lugs (58), which in the at least two mutually parallel grooves (60) of the first bar (14, 16, 18, 20) engage. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the longitudinal direction of the at least one groove (60) extends substantially parallel to or in the plane defined by the slats (14, 16, 18, 20). Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the connections (26, 28) have straight and / or arrow-shaped and / or circular-arc-shaped and / or double-circular arc-shaped contours (56). Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the corner joints (26) are mitred joints, the one Miter angle of preferably 45 degrees. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the at least one groove (60) is formed as a milling groove of a milling tool, a gluing cutter, miter milling cutter, trapezoidal milling cutter, point-milling cutter or a slot milling cutter. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the tongue and groove connection is glued or glued. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the interconnected slats (14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 36) are connected together without overhang. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
at least one side member (4, 6, 8, 10) has at least one crossbar (24) connected to two slats (14, 18, 16, 20) of the at least one side member (4, 6, 8, 10), wherein the connection between each of the two slats (14, 18; 16, 20) and the at least one crossbar (24) is a tongue-and-groove connection. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
flat plate fillings (52) are arranged between the slats (14, 16, 18, 20), the plate fillings (52) being fixed to the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) and along the longitudinal extent of the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) arranged receiving grooves (54) are guided. Side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that
the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) are planked with plates or a foil, preferably made of plastic. Transport packaging (1) comprising four side elements (4, 6, 8, 10) according to one of the preceding claims, as well as a bottom element (2) and / or a cover element (12). Transport packaging (1) according to claim 15,
characterized in that
adjacent side elements (4, 6, 6, 8, 8, 10, 10, 4) have seaming connections or groove-fold connections along their common edges. Transport packaging (1) according to claim 15 or 16, side element (4, 6, 8, 10) according to claim 1,
characterized in that
the bottom element (2) and / or the cover element (12) is designed as a side element according to one of claims 1 to 14. Transport packaging (1) according to one of claims 15 to 17,
characterized in that
the floor element (2) with at least one lath (14, 16, 18, 20) of the at least one side element (4, 6, 8, 10) is connected. Transport packaging (1) according to one of claims 15 to 18,
characterized in that
the at least one side element (4, 6, 8, 10) has a substantially rectangular shape and is designed as an open frame (22), the open ends of the frame (22) being connected to the bottom element (2), preferably via groove Bung connections, are connected. Transport packaging (1) according to one of Claims 15 to 19,
characterized in that
the floor element (2) has a undercarriage construction (34) and is preferably a wooden pallet. Transport packaging (1) according to one of Claims 15 to 20, comprising four lateral elements (4, 6, 8, 10) connected to the bottom element (2) and each comprising a frame of interconnected slats (14, 16, 18, 20 ) are made of wood, substantially perpendicular to each other and to the bottom element (2) are arranged and in pairs at common edges (38), connected to each other,
characterized in that
the side elements (4, 6, 8, 10) are connected by tongue and groove connections. Transport packaging (1) according to claim 20 or 21,
characterized in that
on the side members (4, 6, 8, 10) a lid member (12) having a frame of interconnected slats (14, 16, 18, 20) made of wood, is arranged the connections (26, 28) of the slats (14, 16, 18, 20) of the cover element (12) are designed as slot-and-tongue connections.

Images