EP3053672B1 - Die casting of suspension struts - Google Patents
Die casting of suspension struts Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3053672B1 EP3053672B1 EP15153797.4A EP15153797A EP3053672B1 EP 3053672 B1 EP3053672 B1 EP 3053672B1 EP 15153797 A EP15153797 A EP 15153797A EP 3053672 B1 EP3053672 B1 EP 3053672B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- die casting
- chamber
- sprue
- suspension struts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 208000015943 Coeliac disease Diseases 0.000 description 19
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2076—Cutting-off equipment for sprues or ingates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
- B22D17/12—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled with vertical press motion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
- B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
- B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
- B22D17/2069—Exerting after-pressure on the moulding material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a pressure casting of strut braces, wherein a flowable casting material is pressed into two back-to-back opposing cavities, wherein the cavities are formed by two mold parts, each forming a mold, wherein the casting chamber is arranged between the molds.
- 3-plate tools are known, although they have a central sprue, there is still the disadvantage of a long casting run, which leads to long cycle times and tools that are expensive to manufacture.
- the DE 10 2012 107363 A1 discloses such a die casting tool for horizontal die casting machines with a complex sprue distribution channel system. This leads to a large amount of residual material, which must be remelted as recycling material. Another disadvantage is also that with a high amount of circulation material, as in this process, this additional amount of material must be heated, so energy must be supplied, the material is not used as a casting but it must be melted down again , So much energy is supplied or too much material heated, which in turn causes high costs for material that does not flow into the casting.
- the casting tools for a vertical die casting machine can be made simpler and cheaper if it is possible to dispense with such a complex sprue distribution channel system.
- a die casting machine with vertically arranged casting chamber is off DE 750697 C known.
- the counter-piston is retracted from its sprue-closing position even before the application of the pressing force by the casting drive piston.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in that the liquid casting material is pressed vertically by means of the casting drive piston.
- the casting chamber thus runs vertically.
- the molds are arranged on both sides of the casting chamber and are each formed by two mold parts which form the cavities into which the flowable casting material is pressed by the casting chamber via the sprue.
- An advantage of this design is that the degree of filling of the casting chamber is 100%. This means that the chamber can be completely filled with the casting material without any air bubbles in it when the casting drive piston presses the casting material into the cavities. In a horizontal course of the casting chamber, as for example DE 10 2012 107 363 A1 is known, this is not possible, whereby a poorer quality of the cast strut braces can arise.
- the casting chamber is filled with flowable casting material while the molds or cavities are still open. This is made possible by the fact that the counter-piston covers the sprue, whereby no casting material can flow out. This results in an increase in the efficiency of the casting process, since the strut brackets can be formed and at the same time the casting chamber can be filled again with the casting material whereby the die-casting machine is quickly available again for the next shot. This is an essential point of such process optimization and ensures economical production of strut braces.
- Another advantage of this pressure casting of strut braces is that the molds can be opened before the complete solidification of the press residue in the casting chamber. This in turn optimizes the process flow and reduces the cycle time again.
- the counter-piston is raised immediately after the make-up, preferably within less than 1 second after the make-up, the counter-piston moves up to shearing off the press residue. This then allows immediate opening of the molds and molding.
- the press residue in the casting chamber is sheared off by means of an opposing piston. This is a simple and quick process in which the counter-piston in the casting chamber goes up, the press residue is sheared from the gate.
- Another advantage is that the flowable casting material is pressed through a central sprue into the cavities of the molds, each mold having its own sprue.
- the sprue is arranged centrally in relation to the suspension strut.
- long-branched distribution channels are unnecessary for the flowable casting material.
- the casting system is very short and thus optimizes the process additionally.
- the sprue is located at the strut support in the central middle part of the built-in state, the cathedral bearing receives. This means that this area is highly stressed and requires high rigidity and strength.
- the pistons are operated hydraulically.
- the sequence of the pistons is controlled process-optimized, whereby a time-optimized sequence or a minimal amount of time for the die-casting of strut brackets is needed, which in turn has a cost reduction.
- Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a vertical die casting device 1, which is used for die casting of strut props.
- the casting chamber 2 is vertical.
- a casting drive piston 3 and also an opposing piston 4 are arranged.
- the casting drive piston 3 By means of the casting drive piston 3, the flowable casting material in the casting chamber 2 is pressed via the sprue 9 and the channels 10 into the cavities 5.
- the cavities 5 are each produced by means of two mold parts 6a, 6b which together form a mold 7. Due to the fact that the sprue 9 of the strut supports 8 is arranged centrally in the mold 7 or also centrally relative to the cavities 5, it is possible to dispense with long and branched distribution channels. Due to the vertical orientation of the casting chamber 2, a 100% filling with liquid casting material is possible.
- the molds 7 are arranged on both sides of the casting chamber 2.
- the cavities 5 are arranged back to back with intermediate casting chamber 2.
- the flowable casting material can already be filled into the casting chamber 2 while the molds 7 or mold parts 6a, 6b are still open, wherein one of the mold parts 6b is preferably fixed and the other movable 6a or movable, so that the molds can be opened and the Strut brackets 8 can be formed. This is possible because the opposing piston 4 blocks the sprue 9 and thus prevents the flow of the liquid casting material into the cavities 5.
- the mold parts 6a, 6b can preferably be opened and closed by horizontal displacement in order to remove the cast strut supports 8.
- only one of the mold parts 6a is movable in each case and the other 6b to be fixed.
- the molds 7 to open before the press residue is completely solidified in the casting chamber 2 because the counter-piston 4 is moved up to shear the press rest
- the opposing piston 4 can even be started up when the make-up of the casting is completed and the press rest is not yet solidified due to its mass. This shortens the cycle time significantly.
- the counter-piston 4 is raised to shear the press rest so that a molding is possible at all.
- Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the casting chamber 2 with the cast strut supports 8.
- the casting drive piston 3 presses the liquid casting material into the cavities 5 which form the negative of the suspension struts 8. It is easy to see that the flowable casting material is pressed into the cavities 5 only via a sprue 9 and only via one channel 10 each.
- the counter-piston 4 serves on the one hand the shearing off of the pressing residue, as well as the closing of the channels 10 and the sprues 9, whereby, as mentioned above, a filling of the casting chamber 2 and a demolding of the molds 7 can take place in parallel or at the same time.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Druckgiessen von Federbeinstützen, wobei ein fliessfähiger Giesswerkstoff in zwei sich Rücken an Rücken gegenüberliegende Kavitäten gepresst wird, wobei die Kavitäten durch jeweils zwei Formteile, die jeweils eine Form bilden, gebildet werden, wobei die Giesskammer zwischen den Formen angeordnet ist.The invention relates to a pressure casting of strut braces, wherein a flowable casting material is pressed into two back-to-back opposing cavities, wherein the cavities are formed by two mold parts, each forming a mold, wherein the casting chamber is arranged between the molds.
Aus dem Stand der Technik ist das Druckgiessen von Federbeinstützen bekannt, dazu werden in der Regel horizontale Druckgussmaschinen eingesetzt, da diese sehr variabel sind und sich für viele Arten und Grössen von Gussteilen eignen und auch Gussteile mit hohem Teilegewicht zulassen, welche eine hohe Giessleistung erfordert.The pressure casting of strut brackets is known from the prior art, horizontal die casting machines are usually used because they are very variable and suitable for many types and sizes of castings and also allow castings with high part weight, which requires a high casting performance.
Nachteilig beim Einsatz von horizontalen Druckgussmaschinen, insbesondere für die Herstellung von Federbeinstützen, sind die langen Angusssysteme, da bei horizontalen Druckgussmaschinen ein Anguss vorliegt, der sich dann zu den zu füllenden Kavitäten hin verzweigt. Wobei bei horizontalen Druckgussmaschinen 3-Platten-Werkzeuge bekannt sind, diese zwar einen zentralen Anguss aufweisen, jedoch besteht dort der Nachteil eines langen Giesslaufs immer noch, der zu langen Taktzeiten führt und zu Werkzeugen die aufwendig in der Herstellung sind.A disadvantage of the use of horizontal die casting machines, especially for the production of strut props, are the long Angusssysteme, since there is a sprue in horizontal die casting machines, which then branches to the cavities to be filled out. Where in horizontal die casting machines 3-plate tools are known, although they have a central sprue, there is still the disadvantage of a long casting run, which leads to long cycle times and tools that are expensive to manufacture.
Die
Zudem können die Gusswerkzeuge für eine vertikale Druckgussmaschine einfacher und günstiger hergestellt werden, wenn auf ein solch aufwendiges Angussverteilkanalsystem verzichtet werden kann.In addition, the casting tools for a vertical die casting machine can be made simpler and cheaper if it is possible to dispense with such a complex sprue distribution channel system.
Druckgussmaschinen, bei denen die Giesskammer vertikal angeordnet ist, sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Die
Eine Druckgussmaschine mit vertikal angeordneter Giesskammer ist aus
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Druckgiessen von Federbeinstützen vorzuschlagen, das wirtschaftlicher ist als das Druckgiessen von Federbeinstützen mittels horizontaler Druckgussmaschinen, insbesondere durch Prozessoptimierung sowie dass eine höhere Materialqualität der Gussteile erreicht werden soll.It is an object of the invention to provide a pressure casting of strut props, which is more economical than the die casting of strut supports by means of horizontal die casting machines, in particular by process optimization and that a higher material quality of the castings to be achieved.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass der flüssige Giesswerkstoff mittels des Giessantriebskolbens vertikal gepresst wird. Die Giesskammer verläuft somit vertikal. Die Formen sind beidseitig der Giesskammer angeordnet und werden jeweils durch zwei Formteile gebildet, die die Kavitäten bilden, in die der fliessfähige Giesswerkstoff von der Giesskammer über den Anguss gepresst wird.The object is achieved according to the invention in that the liquid casting material is pressed vertically by means of the casting drive piston. The casting chamber thus runs vertically. The molds are arranged on both sides of the casting chamber and are each formed by two mold parts which form the cavities into which the flowable casting material is pressed by the casting chamber via the sprue.
Mittels des Giessantriebskolbens wird der Giesswerkstoff in der Giesskammer nach unten gepresst.By means of Giessantriebskolbens the casting material is pressed in the casting chamber down.
Vorteilhaft an dieser Bauform ist, dass der Füllgrad der Giesskammer 100 % ist. Das heisst, die Kammer kann komplett mit dem Giesswerkstoff gefüllt werden, ohne dass Lufteinschlüsse darin auftreten, wenn der Giessantriebskolben den Giesswerkstoff in die Kavitäten presst. Bei einem horizontalen Verlauf der Giesskammer, wie dies beispielsweise aus
Gemäß der Erfindung wird die Giesskammer mit fliessfähigem Giesswerkstoff gefüllt, während die Formen bzw. Kavitäten noch geöffnet sind. Das wird dadurch ermöglicht, dass der Gegenkolben den Anguss abdeckt, wodurch
kein Giesswerkstoff ausfliessen kann. Das hat eine Steigerung der Wirtschaftlichkeit des Giessprozesses zur Folge, da die Federbeinstützen ausgeformt werden können und gleichzeitig die Giesskammer bereits wieder mit dem Giesswerkstoff gefüllt werden kann wodurch die Druckgussmaschine schnell wieder für den nächsten Schuss zur Verfügung steht.
Dies ist ein wesentlicher Punkt einer solchen Prozessoptimierung und gewährleistet eine wirtschaftliche Herstellung der Federbeinstützen.According to the invention, the casting chamber is filled with flowable casting material while the molds or cavities are still open. This is made possible by the fact that the counter-piston covers the sprue, whereby
no casting material can flow out. This results in an increase in the efficiency of the casting process, since the strut brackets can be formed and at the same time the casting chamber can be filled again with the casting material whereby the die-casting machine is quickly available again for the next shot.
This is an essential point of such process optimization and ensures economical production of strut braces.
Ein weiterer Vorteil dieses Druckgiessens von Federbeinstützen besteht darin, dass die Formen bereits vor der kompletten Erstarrung des Pressrests in der Giesskammer geöffnet werden können. Dies wiederum optimiert den Ablauf des Prozesses zusätzlich und verkürzt die Zykluszeit nochmals.Another advantage of this pressure casting of strut braces is that the molds can be opened before the complete solidification of the press residue in the casting chamber. This in turn optimizes the process flow and reduces the cycle time again.
Der Gegenkolben wird unmittelbar nach der Nachspeisung hochgefahren, vorzugsweise innerhalb nicht einmal 1 Sekunde nach der Nachspeisung fährt der Gegenkolben zum Abscheren des Pressrests hoch. Dies ermöglicht dann ein sofortiges öffnen der Formen und ein Ausformen.The counter-piston is raised immediately after the make-up, preferably within less than 1 second after the make-up, the counter-piston moves up to shearing off the press residue. This then allows immediate opening of the molds and molding.
Der Pressrest in der Giesskammer wird mittels eines Gegenkolbens abgeschert. Dies ist ein einfacher und rascher Vorgang in dem der Gegenkolben in der Giesskammer hoch fährt, wird der Pressrest vom Anguss abgeschert.The press residue in the casting chamber is sheared off by means of an opposing piston. This is a simple and quick process in which the counter-piston in the casting chamber goes up, the press residue is sheared from the gate.
Ein weiterer Vorteil liegt darin, dass der fliessfähige Giesswerkstoff über einen zentralen Anguss in die Kavitäten der Formen gepresst wird, wobei jede Form ihren eigenen Anguss aufweist. Der Anguss ist zentral im Bezug zur Federbeinstütze angeordnet. Somit erübrigen sich lange verzweigte Verteilkanäle für den fliessfähigen Giesswerkstoff. Das Giesssystem fällt sehr kurz aus und optimiert so den Prozess zusätzlich.
Der Anguss befindet sich bei der Federbeinstütze im zentralen Mittelteil der im eingebauten Zustand das Domlager aufnimmt. Das heisst, dass dieser Bereich hochbeansprucht ist und eine hohe Steifigkeit und Festigkeit benötigt. Durch das Giessen der Federbeinstützen mittels des erfindungsgemässen Verfahren befinden sich der Anguss im zentralen Mittelteil und da sich zwangsläufig die besten Materialeigenschaften nahe am Anguss ergeben ist dieses Verfahren ideal zur Herstellung von Federbeinstützen.Another advantage is that the flowable casting material is pressed through a central sprue into the cavities of the molds, each mold having its own sprue. The sprue is arranged centrally in relation to the suspension strut. Thus, long-branched distribution channels are unnecessary for the flowable casting material. The casting system is very short and thus optimizes the process additionally.
The sprue is located at the strut support in the central middle part of the built-in state, the cathedral bearing receives. This means that this area is highly stressed and requires high rigidity and strength. By casting the suspension struts by means of the method according to the invention, the sprue is located in the central middle part and inevitably the best Material properties close to the sprue result in this method is ideal for the production of strut props.
Vorzugsweise werden die Kolben hydraulisch betrieben.Preferably, the pistons are operated hydraulically.
Der Ablauf der Kolben ist prozessoptimiert geregelt, wodurch ein zeitoptimierter Ablauf bzw. ein minimaler Zeitaufwand für das Druckgiessen von Federbeinstützen benötigt wird, was wiederum eine Kostenreduktion zur Folge hat.The sequence of the pistons is controlled process-optimized, whereby a time-optimized sequence or a minimal amount of time for the die-casting of strut brackets is needed, which in turn has a cost reduction.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Figuren beschrieben, wobei sich die Erfindung nicht nur auf das Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- einen Längsschnitt durch eine vertikale Druckgiessvorrichtung und
- Fig. 2
- eine schematische Darstellung der Giesskammer mit dem Verlauf des Giesswerkstoffs bis hin zu den entstandenen Federbeinstützen.
- Fig. 1
- a longitudinal section through a vertical die casting and
- Fig. 2
- a schematic representation of the casting chamber with the course of the casting material up to the resulting strut braces.
Die Formen 7 sind beidseitig der Giesskammer 2 angeordnet. Vorzugsweise sind die Kavitäten 5 Rücken an Rücken mit dazwischenliegender Giesskammer 2 angeordnet.
The
Der fliessfähige Giesswerkstoff kann bereits in die Giesskammer 2 gefüllt werden während die Formen 7 bzw. Formteile 6a, 6bnoch geöffnet sind, wobei eines der Formteile 6b vorzugsweise feststehend ist und das andere beweglich 6a bzw. verfahrbar, wodurch sich so die Formen öffnen lassen und die Federbeinstützen 8 ausgeformt werden können. Dies ist dadurch möglich, da der Gegenkolben 4 den Anguss 9 versperrt und so das Abfliessen des flüssigen Giesswerkstoffs in die Kavitäten 5 verhindert.The flowable casting material can already be filled into the
Die Formteile 6a, 6b können vorzugsweise durch horizontales Verschieben geöffnet und geschlossen werden um die gegossenen Federbeinstützen 8 zu entformen. Als besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform ist jeweils nur eines der Formteile 6a beweglich und das andere festzustehend 6b.The
Ebenfalls ist es bei diesen Verfahren möglich die Formen 7 zu öffnen bevor der Pressrest in der Giesskammer 2 komplett erstarrt ist da der Gegenkolben 4 hoch gefahren wird um den Pressrest abzuscheren Der Gegenkolben 4 kann sogar bereits hochgefahren werden, wenn die Nachspeisung des Gussteils abgeschlossen ist und der Pressrest aufgrund seiner Masse noch nicht erstarrt ist. Das verkürzt die Taktzeit wesentlich.It is also possible with these methods, the
Zudem wird der Gegenkolben 4 hochgefahren um den Pressrest abzuscheren damit ein Ausformen überhaupt möglich ist.In addition, the
Der Gegenkolben 4 dient einerseits dem Abscheren des Pressrests, wie auch der Schliessung der Kanäle 10 bzw. der Angusse 9, wodurch wie zuvor erwähnt, ein Auffüllen der Giesskammer 2 und ein Entformen der Formen 7 parallel bzw. zeitgleich stattfinden kann.
The
- 11
- Druckgiessvorrichtungdie casting
- 22
- Giesskammercasting chamber
- 33
- GiessantriebskolbenGiessantriebskolben
- 44
- Gegenkolbenopposed piston
- 55
- Kavitätcavity
- 6a6a
- Formteil beweglichMolding mobile
- 6b6b
- Formteil feststehendMolding fixed
- 77
- Formshape
- 88th
- FederbeinstützeStrut support
- 99
- Angusssprue
- 1010
- Kanalchannel
Claims (6)
- A method for die casting of suspension struts (8), wherein a flowable casting material is pressed into two cavities (5) which lies back to back opposite one another, wherein the cavities (5) each are each formed by two mould parts (6a, 6b) which each form a mould (7), wherein a casting chamber (2) is arranged between the moulds (7), in which casting chamber the fluid casting material is vertically pressed by way of a casting drive plunger (3) and wherein the casting chamber (2) is filled with a flowable casting material whilst the moulds (7) are still opened and a counter-plunger (4) covers the sprue (9).
- A method for die casting of suspension struts (8) according to claim 1, characterised in that the moulds (7) are opened before the complete solidification of the discards in the casting chamber (2).
- A method for die casting of suspension struts (8) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the counter-plunger (4) is moved upward directly after the post-feed.
- A method for die casting of suspension struts (8) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the discards in the casting chamber (2) are sheared away by way of a counter-plunger (4).
- A method for die casting of suspension struts (8) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the flowable casting material is pressed via a central sprue (9) into the cavities (5) of the moulds (7), wherein each mould has its own sprue (9).
- A method for die casting of suspension struts (8) according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the plungers (3, 4) are hydraulically operated.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP15153797.4A EP3053672B1 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2015-02-04 | Die casting of suspension struts |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP15153797.4A EP3053672B1 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2015-02-04 | Die casting of suspension struts |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3053672A1 EP3053672A1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
EP3053672B1 true EP3053672B1 (en) | 2019-07-03 |
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EP15153797.4A Active EP3053672B1 (en) | 2015-02-04 | 2015-02-04 | Die casting of suspension struts |
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Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
HUE061923T2 (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2023-08-28 | Druckguss Service Deutschland Gmbh | Cold chamber pressure casting machine |
CN108817346A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-16 | 安徽思源三轻智能制造有限公司 | A kind of high-efficiency vertical die casting machine |
EP3682985A1 (en) | 2019-01-21 | 2020-07-22 | Druckguss Service Deutschland GmbH | Method for operating a light metal cold chamber pressure casting machine |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1717254A (en) | 1927-09-01 | 1929-06-11 | Polak Josef | Casting machine |
DE750697C (en) * | 1938-07-05 | 1945-01-24 | Process in compression molding machines with a compression piston and a counter piston closing the compression chamber | |
DE102012107363A1 (en) | 2011-09-16 | 2013-03-21 | Ksm Castings Group Gmbh | Three-plate die-casting tool with sprue system and sprue system |
-
2015
- 2015-02-04 EP EP15153797.4A patent/EP3053672B1/en active Active
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