EP3053410A2 - Verfahren zur erzeugung einer sequenz von binären codewörtern eines mehrbit-codes für ein ansteuersignal für einen verbraucher - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erzeugung einer sequenz von binären codewörtern eines mehrbit-codes für ein ansteuersignal für einen verbraucherInfo
- Publication number
- EP3053410A2 EP3053410A2 EP14783571.4A EP14783571A EP3053410A2 EP 3053410 A2 EP3053410 A2 EP 3053410A2 EP 14783571 A EP14783571 A EP 14783571A EP 3053410 A2 EP3053410 A2 EP 3053410A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- code
- code words
- class
- control signal
- bits
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/345—Current stabilisation; Maintaining constant current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/32—Pulse-control circuits
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for generating a sequence of binary codewords of a multi-bit code for a Pulse Code Modulated (PCM) drive signal for a consumer, in particular in its use in a lighting device and in particular in a device for setting multi-colored light scenes in a motor vehicle.
- PCM Pulse Code Modulated
- Electric / electronic consumers can z. B. are controlled quite accurately by pulse modulation.
- the invention in which a modulation is used is described on the basis of the driving of LEDs as an example of an electronic consumer.
- Pulse Width Modulation Pulse Width Modulation
- Pulse Length Modulation see also "Karsten Block, Peter Busch, Ludger Erwig, Franz Fischer, Wilken Pape, Manfredhegerber: Electrical Pro professions, Learning Fields 9-13, Energy and Building Technology, 1st Edition. Troisdorf 2006.
- PLM for pulse-length modulation is according to generally accepted definition a modulation type in which a technical size (eg In the process, the duty cycle of a rectangular pulse is modulated, ie the width of the pulses forming it, at constant frequency
- PWM Pulse-Width-Modulation
- PWM Pulse Width Modulation
- PDM Pulse Width Modulation
- lighting devices which comprise a plurality of light emitters in at least two different colors which are designed to advertising coupled to a circuit to which a current source and a common potential reference and dri ⁇ about (TRI, TR2 , TR3, DRV) for operating the plurality of light emitters, of which at least two are connected to the plurality of light emitters and the circuit and comprise the respective current paths of the at least two differently colored light emitters corresponding switches.
- said prior art lighting device includes control for periodically and independently opening and closing at least two switches.
- the controller has an external shown, variable bus address to identify the address portion of an input data flow and to respond to it, wherein the tikan- part, in particular an addressed data packet, this control is assigned.
- this lighting device of the prior art is characterized in particular in that each light emitter is an LED and the controller generates a plurality of PWM signals, each PWM signal being associated with one LED of the plurality of LEDs of different colors and each the PWM signals cause a corresponding one of the at least two switches for opening and closing with corresponding frequencies in accordance with the respective work cycles and wherein the data flow component comprises data for determining the respective work cycles of the at least two differently colored LEDs (see, for example, EP-B- 1 016 062).
- Fig. 1 shows an exemplary spectrum for a bipolar PWM according to the prior art.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method for generating a sequence of binary codewords of a multi-bit code for a drive signal for a consumer, in particular for supplying light emitters and / or LEDs with electrical energy, wherein a noise spectrum with reduced amplitude and in contrast to the state of the art within certain limits modelable interference spectrum arise.
- This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. Individual embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
- a subtask to be given later in the description is the provision of a pseudo-random signal with a fill factor that deviates from 50%.
- the invention proposes a method for generating a sequence of binary codewords of a multi-bit code for a drive signal for a consumer, wherein in the method
- a multi-bit code with a plurality of binary codewords each the same number of n-bits is provided with n> 1, which can be divided into at least two code classes divided code words, wherein at least a code class having a plurality of code words with the same An ⁇ number of one bits and the number of One-bits of the code words of the code classes from code class to code class is different, and the drive signal as a sequence of code words of a code class he testifies ⁇ by the code words of this code class in the drive signal random or quasi are used, the code words in the subset to form the drive signal randomly or in succession in any desired varying or deterministically varying order, wherein a comprehensive Minim ⁇ least two code words subset of code words out ⁇ is selected from the number of code words of a code class, and wherein.
- the consumer be ⁇ controlled by means of a drive signal which is modulated by means of binary code words, which Spectrum pulse density modulation can also be referred to as a pulse density modulation or a spread.
- the codewords of the code can be subdivided into several code classes, sorted according to the number of their one-bit bits. Each code class represents a specific energy / power with which a consumer is operated. If now a consumer is to be controlled with a predefinable energy / power, which is associated with a code code comprising several code words, their codewords according to the invention in particular stochastically changing, so random or quasizufallsplex alternating, or else used deterministically varying.
- the (interference) spectrum to be observed with regard to the EMC can be selected in advance or limited, and thus differs quite clearly from white noise. This, in turn, makes it much easier to take the measures required to ensure EMC, which, moreover, are substantially easier to implement themselves.
- a subset of code words is selected from the number of code words of a code class, and that the code words of this subset are used to form the drive signal, the subset being at least two and less than the number of code words of the relevant one Code class includes.
- the (interfering) spectrum potentially starting from the activation of a device according to the invention can be specifically influenced by frequency response and position.
- code class from which the control signal forming codewords are selected may be selected, to each of which codewords are assigned, their number of one-bits in relation to the number of n-bits of the multi-bit code within one or more percentage ranges.
- control signals only from such code classes that comprise a plurality of code words represent codewords having a percentage of one bits relative to the number n of bits of the multi-bit code, which is between a predetermined lower and a predetermined upper limit and / or within one or more predetermined ranges.
- each drive signal representing a code word has a partial spectrum in the frequency domain and thus corresponds to a partial spectrum of each code word of each code class and that those code words whose partial spectra lie within a predeterminable overall spectrum potentially for the formation of the actuation Signals are used.
- the target namely that the (interference) has a range of desired location and size, particularly advantageous observed ⁇ way.
- the clock frequency of the drive signals with which the code words are transmitted monotonically or bandwidth limited with a lower limit frequency not equal to zero and an upper limit frequency and thus variable. As a result, further interference spectra are suppressed, which has to do with the asynchronous timing, as indicated above as advantageous.
- one or more codewords of one or at least one other code class can be transmitted within a temporal sequence of codewords of a code class.
- a modification i. H. "sprinkling" codewords of code classes other than those representing the electrical voltage, electrical current, or electrical power with which the consumer is to be currently supplied may be advantageous in terms of the above-mentioned property limitations of a consumer.
- the at least two control signals do not correlate and / or only after a prescribable number of clocks, z. B. only after 256, 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 cycles for one or a few bars each other.
- This measure serves to suppress the formation and / or the effects of disturbances.
- correlation is meant that the auto or cross correlation function assumes a value above a predetermined threshold for predetermined intervals.
- the invention may also be provided to control the consumer, where appropriate, in addition to the control with respect to the size of the supplied electrical power specifically or regulate.
- the consumer Due to the "start-up" of the consumer in its pulse-like control, as in the modulation according to the invention (but also in other pulse modulation methods such as pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), pulse-frequency modulation (PFM), pulse widths Modulation (PWM), Pulse Pause Modulation (PPM), Pulse Phase Modulation (PPM) and Pulse Position Modulation (PPM), as in the case of the Manchester code), the consumer thus works depending on the code word and sequence of one-bits of different lengths with the operating voltage defined by a one-bit or the corresponding operating current. This can z. B.
- PAM pulse-amplitude modulation
- PFM pulse-frequency modulation
- PWM pulse widths Modulation
- PPM Pulse Pause Modulation
- PPM Pulse Phase Modulation
- PPM Pulse Position Modulation
- the inventive method is particularly suitable for supplying at least one electrical / electronic such.
- the invention solves the problem of uncontrolled EMC emissions through the use of random bit sequences or pseudo random bit sequences.
- Such random sequences and pseudorandom sequences have the property that approximately 50% of the bits are 1 and approximately 50% of the bits are 0.
- a true random sequence is white noise. If such a sequence were used directly for controlling the light sources, in particular LEDs, their luminous intensity would also rush in frequency ranges that are perceived by the human eye. This is not wanted. It is therefore important that the random sequence is band limited. In particular, it is important that the amplitude of the control signal below a lower limit frequency o u in the ideal case is zero or negligible for the application.
- One way to generate a band-limited pseudo-random signal is to use feedback shift registers. If the length of the shift register is K bits, the maximum period T P for such a feedback shift register is up to repetition
- T P ⁇ 2 K ⁇ y clk
- T C is the clock period for the shift.
- the feedback is done by a simple primitive polynomial. Reference should be made to the European application EP-A-2 631 674.
- the reciprocal of the maximum period T P is the lower limit frequency.
- such a pseudorandom sequence always has a mean expected value of about 50% for a 1 and is therefore not suitable for amplitude control.
- this expectation value is referred to as "fill factor" because it determines how many 1-bits on average come from how many 0-bits of a codeword.
- the invention solves this sub-task by means of at least two predefinable codes, which are sent at a constant clock rate.
- predefinable codes which are sent at a constant clock rate.
- a controlled device may have a plurality of lighting means (106, 107, 108, R, G, B), which are connected via supply lines (102, 103, 104) each having a driver (TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV).
- a controller regulates the power and / or the current and / or the voltage which the respective driver (TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV) supplies to the lighting means (106, 107, 108, R, G, B).
- a current drive In the case of an LED circuit, which may consist of parallel and series circuits of LEDs, this is preferably a current drive.
- a voltage or power control is equally useful.
- a channel (CHN) generates a drive signal (102, 103, 104) accordingly a predetermined code, the active code, and the method described below.
- This active code (in the said example, a 4-bit code) may each be stored in a memory (CTAB) for the exemplary 16 codes resulting from said exemplary 4 bits.
- CTAB memory
- CTAB code table
- the fill factor is the number of 1-bits in a code (in bits) divided by the length of the code (also expressed in bits) as a percentage. The maximum fill factor is therefore 100%.
- a numerical value of 0 of said exemplary 4-control bits is to correspond to a power output of 0% and a fill factor of 0%.
- a numerical value of 16, ie the numerical value of the code, with all 4 bits at logical 1, should correspond to a radiation power of 100% and a filling factor of 100%.
- a 3-bit data word corresponds to the selection of the filling factor, each with a code class.
- a code may, for example, have more than 16-bits for the said example, the concrete code being selected for example by a 4-bit random number from the set of codes with the same filling factor. For example, it makes sense to consider the physiological sensitivity.
- Channel (CHN) are generated. If the channel (CH N) always sent the same code, this would mean that individual frequencies would be preferred. The goal of blurring the transients would be missed.
- Codes of the same fill factor are combined into code classes.
- code classes In the example of a 4-bit long code, there are therefore five code classes, namely the code class 0 with fill factor 0% with only one code, the code class 1 with fill factor 25% with four codes, the code class 2 with fill factor 50% with six codes, code class 3 with fill factor 75% with four codes and code class 4 with fill factor 100% with again only one code (see the right-hand column of the table).
- the exchange can be done, for example, by generating a random or pseudorandom number (ZZ) in a random number generator (ZG), for example as described above, by means of a feedback shift register and a simple primitive polynomial implemented in the form of appropriate logic, for example; but not directly to the control of the lighting means and / or the LED, but to select the active code to be used from the set of allowed and / or possible codes for the next transmission period from the codes of the given code class by a controller (CTR) and sets this to be used active code.
- the code class corresponds to the desired fill factor. It corresponds in function to that of the duty cycle in a PWM.
- a fill factor for the drive signal can thus be determined, which deviates substantially from 50%, that is, at least in certain operating positions less than 45% and / or more than 55%.
- the entire drive signal, which is generated by the con Troller (CTR) is generated, to a band-limited aperiodic quasi random or random signal with a fill factor corresponding to the selected code class, which is suitable for the control of the lamps and especially of LEDs.
- the selection of codes within a code class may be restricted due to EMC requirements. So it is conceivable, for example, based on the example discussed here, not to use all six codes with fill factor 50% (see table), but for example only two or even only one of these six possible codes. However, the use of only one code would result in a periodic signal, since then no selection of the code due to the random signal can take place and the control signal would lose the property of a random signal. Especially at medium filling factors of the codes (see table) and very high frequencies are possible in Ov ⁇ ring. Therefore, it is possible to control the spectral behavior of the modulation by the said selection of certain codes and by the exclusion of other codes and, for example, to allow only those codes as active codes, which preferably lead to lower interference frequencies.
- the next active code or set of allowed active codes can be determined. It should also be taken into account that codes which have high frequency components may no longer be able to be represented by the drive, the leads and the LEDs themselves due to their low-pass properties. In this respect, it makes sense to either not represent certain critical codes or to take account of the non-linearity of the LEDs for very low luminous powers in such a way that a non-linear mapping of the codes these are mapped to representable codes as active code.
- a code bit sequence 0010 could thus be transformed to sequence 0110, the first 1 of the sequence being due to the low-pass characteristics of the driver (DRV, TRI, TR2, TR3), the leads (102, 103, 103) and the LEDs (106, 107, 108, R, G, B) is not dargestel lt, so that again the desired code 0010 as effectively d by the LEDs dargestel older active code results.
- a lighting device which can be controlled in accordance with the invention therefore typically comprises a plurality of light means and / or LEDs in at least two, but typically three or four or more different colors, in a specific embodiment. These are typically designed to be connected to an electrical power supply.
- the energy sorg ung contains an electric circuit and a common potential reference ⁇ (105).
- the driver means (TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV) for operating the plurality of light emitters and / or LEDs are also part of the device.
- the driver means (TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV) are connected to said lamps and / or LEDs and the circuit and the respective current paths (102, 103, 104) the at least two differently colored lamps / LEDs corresponding switch and / or Reg ler include.
- a controller for aperiodic and independent opening and closing of the at least two switches or at least two Reg ler is provided. In this case, the opening and closing in the case of a said regulator should be understood to mean a reduction or increase in the energy throughput of the respective regulator.
- the controller is connected to a data-bound or wireless data network and / or a data line and / or a data bus.
- the controller may have a variable from the outside by means of programming or with the aid of an address generator, which is part of the device, variable bus address.
- This bus address is used by the device to deliver e.g. B. from the data stream data, in particular data packets or other data messages, filter out. It thus identifies the respective portion of an assigned input data flow and typically reacts thereto by changing a parameter of the device. For example, it is conceivable to exchange a code or parts of the code table (CTAB) or the entire code table (CTAB).
- the size of the code table (CTAB) not necessarily 2 n , where n denotes the length of the code. It is rather conceivable that the code table (CTAB) is implemented much shorter with fewer codes. It is thus an essential possible feature of the invention that the selection of the active codes is influenced by specifications via the said data interface.
- typically at least two of the luminous means are LEDs.
- the controller (101) typically generates a plurality of drive signals (102, 103, 104) by means of the drivers (TRI, TR2, TR3).
- the control signals (102, 103, 104) do not correlate with each other. This non-correlation may also refer only to portions of the signals.
- Each of the drive signals (102, 103, 104) corresponds in each case to one color of the plurality of LEDs (106, 107, 108, R, G, B) and / or light sources of different colors.
- each of the drive signals (102, 103, 104) is generated by at least one respective switch or controller associated with the respective drive signal for opening and closing in accordance with the respective logic state of the internal drive signal (S) of the drive also associated with the respective drive signal respective channel (CHN) of the control unit (101) is caused.
- the frequency spectrum of the amount of the frequency of the drive signal as described above, band-limited. This means that the signal has a lower limit frequency co u and / or an upper limit frequency ⁇ 0 .
- said data flow component determines the data for determining the respective active regions of the transmission codes which emit the at least two differently colored LEDs. It is particularly advantageous if the data flow component, that is to say typically a data packet intended for the device, determines a predefined or preprogrammed color palette in the form of a subset of the possible active codes.
- the device therefore has each of lamps via a dividing device which converts the said data stream portion ent ⁇ speaking subset of the possible active codes in a random sequence of inputs on and turn, and in particular in a drive signal (S) for said switch with the preselected fill factor.
- the controller comprises at least two registers for controlling the at least two differently colored lamps / LEDs.
- registers or register parts are each used to store values which, for example, receives the said data interface from a data flow.
- This data flow components, and in particular ⁇ sondere data packets are then allocated to the respective differently colored bulbs / LEDs and enter, for example, said fill factor and thus the active code class in each case before. This can be done in a direct way in the form that the content of the data flow component directly reflects the fill factor that is to be used or on the other hand done in such a way that the content of the data flow component on the fill factor directly or indirectly via other tables points that should be used.
- color palettes are conceivable, which can then refer to the register contents. This is particularly efficient when z. B. a restriction to 16 colors takes place. In this case, not all data, but for example, only a 4-bit data word for the color must be transmitted. Using this exemplary 4-bit data word is then the fill factor of each driving signal (102, 103, 104, Out) ⁇ agrees with the aid of the color palette be.
- the invention may conveniently have a controller adapted to suitably set the code fill factor. As described above, it is determined which type of code may be used at all. In the illustrated example of a four-bit code result the possible fill factors are 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the example code classes 0 through 4. As shown in the table above, the fill factors near the 50% level are each the maximum number possible on code variations. If this code is sent to a light source or an LED, then the average duty cycle per duty cycle is equal to the product of code transmission time and fill factor. This means that the behavior is analogous to that of a PWM in which the data values for determining the average duty cycle per time unit are assigned to the associated color LEDs (general color lamps).
- the controller comprises at least one further register for the control of the at least two differently colored lamps or LEDs.
- This third register or this third register part is used in each case for storing a third value, which, for example, the said data interface also receives from a data flow.
- the direct use of the value is possible, but also the indirect use of a color palette possibly associated with the code palette.
- the content of the third value refers to the correct code table.
- This data flow component in particular a data packet is associated with the direct USAGE ⁇ dung of the active code table and controls, for example, Se ⁇ lesson of the codes from the code table. It is basically useful to provide the device with a housing which substantially surrounds the plurality of light emitting devices or LEDs, the driver means (TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV) and the said controller (101).
- the latter comprises an electrical regulator for controlling the maximum currents supplied via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs, in order to thereby convert the maximum currents to constant maximum values. to hold. This has the advantage that the color temperature of the LEDs can be kept constant.
- the amplitude of the pulse signal is typically also regulated.
- the invention can provide a color sensor which allows the control unit (101) to adjust the fill factor and / or the color temperature of the light-emitting means or LEDs in such a way that the desired color or color reflection of the irradiated object is achieved.
- this comprises an electric regulator for controlling the maximum power to the plurality of bulbs or LEDs supplied via the current paths so as to keep the captured by the lamps or LEDs maximum energy at constant Maxi ⁇ mal massage.
- Such a scheme in contrast to the regulation of the current has the advantage that the amount of energy which is converted can be kept under Kon ⁇ troll.
- the latter comprises a regulator for controlling the maximum currents or the maximum electrical energy supplied via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs, so as to keep the maximum currents and / or maximum energy at constant maximum values, the housing being substantially in addition to Plurality of LEDs, the driver means (TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV) and the controller (101) now also the controller (PWR) surrounds.
- a regulator for controlling the maximum currents or the maximum electrical energy supplied via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs, so as to keep the maximum currents and / or maximum energy at constant maximum values
- the controller for identifying and responding to an input data flow component ie the respective data packet, in accordance with a LIN data protocol and / or a Flexray data protocol and / or a CAN data protocol and / or a KNX Data protocol and / or an IP data protocol and / or a USB data protocol and / or an HDMI data protocol.
- a first data interface and a second data interface are available. The passage from the first data interface parts to the second data interface should preferably depend on whether the data interface has already received a valid bus address. If this is not the case, the data packets are not forwarded.
- the invention uses a radio interface and / or a Bluetooth interface and / or a WLAN interface.
- each input data flow component advantageously comprises in each case one data word from one or a plurality of bits or bytes for each luminous means or LED color.
- the byte contains 8 data bits for setting the intensity of the respective LED color within a range corresponding to the decimal numbers 0 to 255.
- the controller is set up to control the filling factor of the respectively applied codes in accordance with the bit content of the respective data word.
- a consumer comprises a plurality of red and / or green and / or blue and / or yellow and / or white bulbs or LEDs and / or UV bulbs or - LEDs and / or IR bulbs or LEDs.
- the plurality of light sources or LEDs may comprise a serial and / or parallel arrangement of light sources or LEDs.
- Such a device can be used in a lighting network.
- a lighting network comprises a central controller for generating said input data flow and a plurality of lighting devices as described above.
- each of the lighting devices should be arranged to receive the data flow and to set its variable bus address during the initialization phase unlike the other lighting devices of the lighting network and in contrast to the prior art, to ensure that the lighting devices to different proportions of Input data flow react. It is therefore particularly advantageous if each of the lighting devices has a device to generate a variable network address (bus address) itself, which preferably depends on the position in the lighting network. Exemplary methods for this are disclosed in DE-B-102 56631, EP-B-1 490772, EP-B-1 364288 and / or in EP-A-2 571 200.
- the control provides, for example, a bus address to all bus subscribers (lighting device) at the same time and the bus subscribers decide whether this bus address is suitable for the respective bus subscriber. If this decision is positive, the bus user accepts the provided bus address and signals to all other bus users that this bus address has been accepted or that now the assumption of the next bus address should be made by another bus participant.
- This signaling can take place, for example, by passing the data flow from said first data interface of the lighting device to said second data interface of the lighting device and vice versa from the time at which the variable bus address of the lighting device has been adopted.
- the bus address is not concretely assigned to a bus subscriber. It is thus the case that the controller provides the network - ie all bus users - with a bus address for (free) use. Individual bus participants decide independently according to this procedure whether they use this bus address. It is thus not an assignment with respect to a single bus subscriber, but the assignment of the bus address to a network position.
- the particular advantage of this method is that the individual bus users receive their bus address due to their position and do not have to be preconfigured.
- bus user may also be appropriate for the bus user to maintain the address table of all network addresses (bus addresses) of the lighting network used.
- the bus user selects one of the bus addresses independently, determined by the position in the cable harness.
- 3 is a representation of various signals, as they can be used according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a lighting network
- FIG. 7 shows an embodiment (schematically) of a lighting device according to the invention
- FIG. 10 shows a lighting device similar to that according to FIG. 9, FIG.
- Fig. 11 shows another illumination device similar to that of FIG. 8 and
- Fig. 12 a further application for the inventive concept.
- Fig. 1 shows the spectrum of a bipolar PWM according to the prior art.
- FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of an exemplary device 100 which can be controlled according to the invention and has three groups of RGB luminous means 108, 107, 106, in particular in the form of LEDs. A group can also contain only one light source and other electrical components and devices.
- the control unit 101 has in this example a data cut parts 109. This data interface 109 communicates the Vorrich ⁇ processing 100 with the lighting network in which the device is integrated 100th
- the control unit 101 outputs three drive signals 102, 103, 104 with which the groups of RGB illuminants In 106, 107, 108 are operated.
- the line marked with “R” lamps group will radiate red light which radiate with "B” marked Illuminant group blue light and emit the labeled with "G” Illuminant group green light ⁇ in this example.
- the first drive signal 102 is the red radiating lamps group 108
- the second activation signal 103 is assigned to the blue-emitting illuminant group 107
- the third activation signal 104 is assigned to the green radiating illuminant group 106. All the components 101, 106, 107, 108 are connected via a reference potential 105.
- this reference potential is preferred 3 shows an exemplary basic system clock 1 'which determines the position of the edges of the drive signal 4', the time being shown from left to right
- the codes 2 'are active shown by way ⁇ provides.
- the base system clock 1 instead of monofreq uent, as shown in FIG. 3, even within predeterminable frequency limits (with the lower limit not equal to zero) band width-limited, which would lead to an asynchronous clocking of the system.
- Fig. 4 shows an exemplary implementation of the control unit 101.
- the exemplary control unit has a microcontroller pC, which together with a memory unit RAM / ROM / FLASH and the clock generator CLK forms a microprocessor system.
- the partial devices of the exemplary micro-computer system are connected via an internal data and control bus IBUS MITEI ⁇ Nander. Connected to this internal data and control bus IBUS is a data interface IF, via which the microcontroller pC can communicate with the rest of the lighting network.
- the data interface IF is connected to the external bus EBUS, which together with the aforementioned data interface (IF) with the aforementioned external data interface (109) of FIG. 2 is identical.
- a power supply PWR powers the device.
- the power supply PWR receives the electrical energy ie via an external power connection EXTPWR. It is by way before ⁇ part when the M icro controller pC query their state via the internal bus BUS I and dad u rch can change t he power of the device if necessary.
- a circuit for detecting the turn-on PWRst resets the device to a defined state when the external power supply of the device is turned on via the external power terminal EXTPWR.
- an address manager tries to generate a bus address assigned only once in the lighting network. This is provided to the interface IF. This basic computer system largely corresponds to the state of the art.
- the device now has a respective channel CHN, CHN1, CHN2, CHN3 via a driver device DRV, TRI, TR2, TR3 with an output signal Out, each one of said drive signals 102, 103, 104 as output signal ⁇ Out for one of the previously Generated groups of RGB illuminants are produced in 108, 106, 107.
- a random number generator ZG generates a random number ZZ and makes it available to a controller CTR.
- the controller generates using the time base CLK, the code table CTAB and a register value REG, which sets the fill factor determines ⁇ , the drive signal S.
- the driver may include a controller that controls the maximum level of the out signal according to a default. This requirement may, in particular, be initiated externally, example ⁇ , via a register or by measuring the color temperature.
- the controller can regulate the maximum current or the maximum energy or the maximum voltage. A regulation of the maximum current is particularly advantageous.
- the controller is in this sense a part of the driver.
- the driver has at least one first switch which, depending on the drive signal S, connects the driver output Out to the energy source, preferably via the controller.
- the driver will have a push-pull stage with two switches of which the additional second switch will connect the output Out to, for example, the reference potential 105 only when the other aforementioned first switch is open.
- a switch bipolar or field effect transistors or the like are typically used. It is particularly advantageous if the components can report their status to the microcontroller pC and can be configured by it.
- the driver DRV is powered by the power supply PWR with energy.
- the reference potential 105 is supplied via a separate terminal Ref.
- the current of the drivers TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV is fed back from the RGB lamps 106, 107, 108 and LEDs.
- three channels CHN are necessary. However, in FIG.
- only one channel CHN is representative of the plurality of channels CHN1, CHN2, CHN3 a control device 101 located.
- the said drive signals 102, 103, 104 of FIG. 2 are each connected to an output Out of each of a channel CHN1, CHN2, CHN3 of the control device 101. Since this is only an example, the drive signals in the sequence always include a signal out for a single channel. However, this signal Out represents a plurality of drive signals 102, 103, 104 when multiple channels CHN1, CHN1, CHN3 are used. In the example of the three drive signals 102, 103, 104, these are therefore likewise encompassed by the more general term Out.
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary lighting network having a central control unit CENTR and four exemplary devices 100 interconnected by a star-shaped bus.
- Fig. 6 shows an exemplary lighting network with a central control unit CENTR and four exemplary devices 100 connected together via a sequential bus. Each of the devices has an additional second data interface. This allows the through ⁇ implementing a method for determining the variable address bus as described in DE-B-102 56 631, EP-B-1490772, EP-B-1364288 and / or EP-A-2571 200 discloses.
- Fig. 7 shows an exemplary schematic device with two interfaces IF1, IF2, which are each connected to a data bus EBUS1, EBUS2.
- This device is suitable for a bus system according to FIG. 6.
- the device also has an example of a radio interface TX / RX.
- FIG. 8 shows an exemplary schematic device 200 with inductive loads 206, 207, 208 connected to a star.
- the control device 201 described above generates in each case a control signal 202, 203, 204 by means of three channels CHN1, CHN2, CHN3, each having a driver TR.
- the drivers TR must be suitable for the control of inductive loads.
- An exemplary embodiment of such a driver stage is known from EP-A-2 688 209.
- the star point serves as the potential reference 205.
- the control device 201 is again controlled via a data bus.
- Such constructions are preferably used for the production of rotary fields.
- Fig. 9 shows a device similar to that of FIG. 8 with the difference that now the star point 205 is controlled via another channel CH N4 and an associated driver TR.
- the output of the driver 210 drives a separate neutral inductance.
- the goal is typically that the neutral point voltage is 0V.
- Such a topology makes sense, for example, if the information from the measuring means of the channels CHN1, CH2, CHN3, CHN4 is also to be used to determine the position of the rotor of a rotating machine, for example a brushless DC motor.
- Fig. 10 shows a device similar to that of FIG. 9 with the difference that the reference potential of the control device 201 is no longer connected to the star point.
- Fig. 11 shows a device similar to that shown in FIG. 8 with the difference that the inductors are now connected in a triangle.
- Fig. Fig. 12 shows another pertinent application where the possibilities for improving the electromagnetic compatibility can be discussed particularly well.
- the device here has only a single channel CHN 1. This controls the line 302 via the driver TR.
- the line has a parasitic inductance 308 and a parasitic capacitance
- a consumer 307 so for example an LED, to provide electrical energy in the way that due to the switching operations of the resonant circuit of inductor 308 and capacitance 307 does not oscillate or, if this should happen, swings quickly.
- the problem is not limited to the resonant frequency of the resonant circuit consisting of inductance 308 and capacitance 312, but typically also extends to harmonics of the resonant frequency.
- a sensitivity spectrum e (f) is typically possible to specify a sensitivity spectrum e (f) as a function of the frequency.
- the control unit stores at least one time-limited sequence of the transmitted codes and thus the transmitted bit sequence. Before the transmission of a code this is checked by the controller 201 on suitability. The most suitable code is sent. This suitability test, that is to say an evaluation, takes place, for example, in such a way that the stored code sequence is supplemented by the code to be evaluated, and the code sequence thus obtained is Fourier-transformed.
- the length of the code sequence thus obtained does not itself generate transients which correlate with the resonance frequency and / or its harmonic frequencies.
- the spectrum of the supplemented code sequence obtained by the Fourier transformation is multiplied by the sensitivity spectrum e (f) and the product is integrated over the region of interest.
- the number obtained in this way is an exemplary measure of the correlation and thus to what extent the code would stimulate the resonance or one of the possible harmonics.
- This malus may be, for example, an evaluation offset and / or a ustex, which will degrade the evaluation result.
- Others, especially nonlinear Bewertu ngsme ⁇ methods are conceivable.
- the system therefore selects the code which, with regard to the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility - in this case the exemplary oscillation of a series resonant circuit - and with regard to the evaluation of the result represents the optimum properties for the user in the sense of an optimal compromise.
- the exact evaluation function with respect to these two evaluation dimensions may vary greatly from application to application, so it should remain with these examples.
- a lighting device comprising:
- a Mehrzah l of lamps 106, 107, 108, and / or in particular LEDs in at least two different colors which are designed to an electrical energ ieversorg to be coupled, which contains an electric circuit and a common Poten ⁇ tial reference 105 ung;
- Bulb corresponding switch and / or regulator include and
- controller 101 for the aperiodic and independent opening and closing of the at least two switches or at least two regulators, wherein by opening and closing the controller is to be understood a reduction or increase of the energy throughput by said controller, and wherein the controller 101 is a variable bus address has to identify and respond to a respective portion of an assigned input data flow and wherein the data flow portion of this controller 101 is assigned by means of said variable bus address,
- said bulbs 106, 107, 108 are LEDs and
- controller 101 generates a plurality of drive signals 102, 103, 104, Out, and
- each drive signal Out, 102, 103, 104 respectively corresponds to one color of the plurality of LEDs and / or light sources 106, 107, 108 of different colors
- each of the drive signals Out, 102, 103, 104 is determined by the opening and closing of one of the at least two switches or regulators for opening and closing in accordance with the respective logic state of at least one drive signal S, and
- a data flow component of the data stream on a data bus EBUS, 109 or a radio-supported data stream provides data for the direct th or indirect determination of the respective filling factor of the respective at least two drive signals Out, 102, 103, 104 of the at least two differently colored LEDs 106, 107, 108 or lighting means.
- control device 101 comprises at least two registers Reg or at least two parts of registers for the at least two differently colored LEDs and / or lighting means, each for storing respective data values of the data flow component for the at least two differently colored LEDs and / or lighting means wherein the controller 101 is adapted to use the data values for determining the fill factor of the drive signal Out, S, 102, 103, 104 of the respectively associated color LEDs directly or indirectly via a color table.
- At least one drive signal Out, S, 102, 103, 104 is a digital signal which, at least in one possible operating position, is a random sequence or pseudorandom sequence with a fill factor different from 50% and / or is less than 45% or 50% different and / or greater than 50%.
- control device 101 comprises at least a third register or at least a part of a register Reg, each adapted to store at least a third data value of the data flow component, wherein the controller 101 is adapted to store the data values for Determining the permissible codes for the coding of the drive signal 102, 103, 104, Out of the respectively associated color LEDs to use directly or indirectly via a code table.
- the control device 101 at least register Reg or other storage means z.
- Apparatus comprising a housing substantially surrounding the plurality of LEDs, the drivers TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV and the controller 101.
- Device according to one or more of the preceding points, further comprising an electrical regulator DRV for controlling the maximum currents supplied via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs, so as to keep the maximum currents at constant maximum values.
- an electrical regulator DRV for controlling the maximum currents supplied via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs, so as to keep the maximum currents at constant maximum values.
- Device according to one or more of the preceding points, further comprising an electrical regulator DRV for controlling the maximum energy supplied via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs, so as to keep the maximum energy absorbed by the LEDs at constant maximum values.
- an electrical regulator DRV for controlling the maximum energy supplied via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs, so as to keep the maximum energy absorbed by the LEDs at constant maximum values.
- the device further comprising a regulator for controlling the maximum currents delivered via the current paths to the plurality of LEDs or the maximum electrical energy, so as to maintain the maximum currents at constant maximum values, the housing substantially in addition to the plurality of LEDs, the drivers TRI, TR2, TR3, DRV and the controller 101, the controller surrounds.
- each input data flow component each comprises a data word containing the fill factor for determining the intensity of the respective LED color, and the controller is adapted to set the fill factor of at least one control signal in accordance with the bit content of the respective one Control data word.
- the plurality of LEDs comprises red and / or green and / or blue and / or yellow and / or white LEDs and / or a UV-LED and / or an IR-LED.
- the plurality of LEDs comprises a serial and / or parallel arrangement of LEDs.
- the device comprises at least one random number generator ZG and / or a pseudo random number generator.
- the device comprises at least one code table CTAB. 17. The device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the device comprises more than one, but at least two code Tabel len CTAB, ie the d urch a Reg ister- be selected value.
- the device comprises a color palette which specifies a filling factor in dependence on a register value for at least one channel CH N. 19. Device according to one of the preceding points, wherein the device comprises at least one data interface IF, 109.
- the device comprises at least one data memory (eg RAM / ROM).
- data memory eg RAM / ROM
- the device comprises at least one subdevice PWRst, which puts the device into a defined state when it transitions from a state of insufficient energy supply to a state of sufficient energy supply.
- the device outputs at least two drive signals 102, 103, 104, Out which do not correlate with one another when an auto-correlation function or cross-correlation function is being used.
- the device outputs at least two drive signals 102, 103, 104, Out, the image of an auto-correlation function or cross-correlation function correlate with each other after at least 256 or 512 or 1024 or 2048 or 4096 clocks.
- a central controller CENTR for generating an input data flow
- each of the illumination devices is adapted to receive the data flow and to otherwise set its variable bus address by means of an autoadjustment device to respond to different portions of the input data flow.
- the lighting network of item 28 wherein each of the apparatuses has a car addressing device (AdrGen) to generate a variable bus address itself, which depends on the position in the lighting network.
- a lighting network according to one or more of the items 28 to 30, wherein a satellite and / or lighting device maintains an address table of all or part of the network addresses (bus addresses) of the lighting network used.
- Lighting network according to item 31 wherein a satellite and / or a lighting device automatically selects one of the bus addresses of the address table as a variable bus address on the basis of the position in the wiring harness.
- step a the code cycle begins with the end of issuing the last bit of the active code, the next code cycle with step a).
- step a A method for generating a drive signal, wherein the drive signal is a random signal or pseudo-random signal whose relative fill factor is less than 45% and / or greater than 55%.
- a method for supplying a load with electrical energy wherein the load is supplied with an electrical power that is modulated with a drive signal generated according to a method according to any one of items 35 to 39.
- Method for supplying a consumer with electrical energy according to one of the points 35 to 42 wherein at least one active code of a code table CTAB is supplemented by the code with regard to the correlation with a sensitivity spectrum e (f) in dependence on the spectrum of a sequence of previously transmitted codes , wherein the sensitivity spectrum e (f) may comprise only one or a few discrete frequencies.
- Method for supplying a consumer with electrical energy according to item 45 wherein the at least one active code of a code table (CTAB) is selected as a function of an evaluation result.
- Device characterized in that it performs a method according to one or more of the points 33 to 44. Lighting device with
- a first group of light sources for emitting light of a first color, wherein the first group comprises at least one light source,
- the second group comprising at least one light source
- a first driver unit for driving the first group of
- Bulbs a second driver unit for driving the second group of lamps
- a drive unit for jointly and / or independently actuating the first and the second drive unit by means of drive signals
- each drive signal of the drive unit is an n-bit drive signal of a multi-bit code, with n> 1, the multi-bit code having a plurality of binary codewords subdivided into at least two code classes of codewords,
- At least one code class has codewords with the same number of one bits
- code classes are associated with different intensities with which the bulbs emit light
- the drive unit for controlling the intensity with which at least one first luminous means or the at least one second luminous means emits light to the drive unit or driver units drive signals with a code word from that code class which is associated with the intensity with which the relevant Bulbs should give off light, and
- the drive unit then, when the intensity with which the respective light emitting device emits light, remains unchanged, sequentially sends control signals with various of the code words from the intensity associated code class.
- Lighting device characterized in that the selection of the code words from a code class, which are represented by the pulse drive signals of the drive unit, randomly controlled, quasi-random, arbitrarily varying or deterministic varying.
- Lighting device dad urch in that the Anêtsig signals represent only Lich codewords from those code classes, the codewords with respect to the number n of the bits of the multi-bit code percentage of one-bits between a given lower and a predetermined upper limit and / or innerhal b one or more predetermined areas aufwei ⁇ sen.
- Lighting device dad urch in that the or one of the predetermined ranges between 30% and 70%, in particular between 45% and 60%.
- Lighting device according to one of the points 51 to 54, characterized in that a subset of codewords is selected from the number of codewords of a code class, and that the codewords of this subset are used to form the Pulse Code Modulated (PCM -). Control signal is used.
- PCM Pulse Code Modulated
- Lighting device according to any one of items 51 to 55, characterized by a data bus coupled to the drive unit for receiving data signals via the data bus enabling the drive unit to drive the drive units with the drive signals required to generate a desired optical light color.
- Lighting device according to one of the points 51 to 56, characterized by at least one code table le, are stored in the code words of the code classes or previously selected code classes. 58. Lighting device according to any one of items 51 to 57, dad urch in that the at least two-dimensional Anêtsig not ieren miteinan ⁇ the correlid and / or after a predeterminable Anzah l of clocks z. B. only after 256, 512, 1024, 2048 or 4096 clocks for one or a few bars correlate with each other.
- Lighting device according to one of the points 51 to 58, characterized by a color table in which for each group of lighting means the desired color of the light to be emitted by the light emitting means code classes are given.
- Lighting device according to one of the points 51 to 59, gekennzeich net by a color sensor for detecting the color of the light emitted by the luminous light for controlling the color by the drive unit.
- Lighting device according to one of the points 51 to 60, characterized in that the drive unit controls the color temperature of the lighting means based on a setpoint and an actual color temperature value by the maximum current and / or the maximum voltage and / or the maximum energy of the respective drive signal is controlled.
- Lighting device according to one of the points 51 to 61, characterized in that the clock frequency of the drive signals with which the code words are transmitted, monofrequent or bandwidth limited with a lower limit frequency not equal to zero and an upper limit frequency and thus variable.
- Lighting device according to any one of items 51 to 62, characterized in that, if necessary, within a temporal succession of code words of a code class, one or more code words of one or at least one other code class are transmitted.
- Lighting arrangement with a plurality of lighting devices according to any one of items 51 to 33,
- a central control unit which is coupled via a data bus to the control units of the lighting devices, data signals passing via the data bus address information for addressing one or more lighting devices and payloads to supply the addressed lighting device or lighting devices with those for generating the respectively desired color light by having this required information.
Landscapes
- Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
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DE102013016386.2A DE102013016386A1 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2013-09-30 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Einstellung mehrfarbiger Lichtszenen in Kfz |
EP14155995.5A EP2854482A1 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-02-20 | Verfahren zur Erzeugung einer Sequenz von binären Codewörtern eines Mehrbit-Codes für ein Pulse Modulated Ansteuersignal für einen Verbraucher |
EP14156035.9A EP2854483A1 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-02-20 | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung |
EP14783571.4A EP3053410B1 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | Verfahren zur erzeugung einer sequenz von binären codewörtern eines mehrbit-codes für ein ansteuersignal für einen verbraucher |
PCT/EP2014/070885 WO2015044442A2 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | Verfahren zur erzeugung einer sequenz von binären codewörtern eines mehrbit-codes für ein ansteuersignal für einen verbraucher |
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EP14156035.9A Withdrawn EP2854483A1 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-02-20 | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung |
EP14780448.8A Active EP3053409B1 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | Beleuchtungsvorrichtung |
EP14783571.4A Active EP3053410B1 (de) | 2013-09-30 | 2014-09-30 | Verfahren zur erzeugung einer sequenz von binären codewörtern eines mehrbit-codes für ein ansteuersignal für einen verbraucher |
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DE102014014680B4 (de) | 2014-09-29 | 2020-08-06 | Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von PWM-modulierten Signalen für die Versorgung von LEDs für die Beleuchtung in Kfz |
DE102014014678B4 (de) | 2014-09-29 | 2020-08-06 | Elmos Semiconductor Aktiengesellschaft | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von PWM-modulierten Signalen für die Versorgung von LEDs für die Beleuchtung in Kfz |
DE102014014679B4 (de) | 2014-09-29 | 2020-12-03 | Elmos Semiconductor Se | Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von PDM-modulierten Signalen für die Versorgung von LEDs für die Beleuchtung in Kfz |
DE102014014677B4 (de) | 2014-09-29 | 2023-08-31 | Elmos Semiconductor Se | Verfahren zur Erzeugung von PDM-modulierten Signalen für die Versorgung von LEDs für die Beleuchtung in Kfz |
EP3258748A1 (de) | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-20 | Melexis Technologies NV | Gehäuse von leuchtdioden |
DE102016211737A1 (de) * | 2016-06-29 | 2018-01-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Kraftfahrzeug |
EP3324437B1 (de) | 2016-11-16 | 2019-03-13 | Melexis Technologies NV | Vorrichtung mit lichtemittierenden dioden |
EP3937594A1 (de) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-01-12 | Big Dutchman International GmbH | Mehrkanal-lichtsteuerung |
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GB2465194A (en) * | 2008-11-10 | 2010-05-12 | Iti Scotland Ltd | Randomly or pseudo-randomly modulated switching waveform for LED backlight |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3053409A2 (de) | 2016-08-10 |
WO2015044442A2 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
DE102013016386A1 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
EP3053409B1 (de) | 2019-08-28 |
WO2015044447A3 (de) | 2015-08-13 |
EP3053410B1 (de) | 2021-08-04 |
WO2015044442A3 (de) | 2015-08-13 |
EP2854482A1 (de) | 2015-04-01 |
WO2015044447A2 (de) | 2015-04-02 |
EP2854483A1 (de) | 2015-04-01 |
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