EP3052853B1 - Illumination device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle - Google Patents

Illumination device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3052853B1
EP3052853B1 EP14780762.2A EP14780762A EP3052853B1 EP 3052853 B1 EP3052853 B1 EP 3052853B1 EP 14780762 A EP14780762 A EP 14780762A EP 3052853 B1 EP3052853 B1 EP 3052853B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser light
reflector
illumination device
radiation converter
radiation
Prior art date
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Application number
EP14780762.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3052853A1 (en
Inventor
Carsten Gut
Jürgen Wilhelmy
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Publication of EP3052853A1 publication Critical patent/EP3052853A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/10—Protection of lighting devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/16—Laser light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
    • F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
    • F21S41/176—Light sources where the light is generated by photoluminescent material spaced from a primary light generating element
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
    • F21S41/337—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector having a structured surface, e.g. with facets or corrugations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
    • F21S41/33—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature
    • F21S41/338—Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature the reflector having surface portions added to its general concavity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
    • F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
    • F21S41/37—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/70—Prevention of harmful light leakage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
    • F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
    • F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/30—Semiconductor lasers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lighting device for a motor vehicle, comprising a laser light source, a radiation converter containing a fluorescent material, in particular phosphorus, and a reflector, the laser light emitted by the laser light source being converted and fanned out in the radiation converter into broadband, in particular white, secondary light compared to the laser light which secondary light is deflected by the reflector in a radiation direction of the lighting device, a protective means for reducing the light intensity of laser light emitted from the lighting device if the radiation converter is lost or damaged in an impact area of the reflector which is exposed to the laser light when the radiation converter is omitted is provided.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle.
  • lighting devices for motor vehicles have been proposed, the light source of which is a laser light source, in particular comprising at least one laser diode.
  • the light from at least one laser diode can be directed through a light guide onto a reflector, which reflects it in an emission direction.
  • laser light sources light a certain wavelength, on the other hand to produce extremely focused light.
  • a radiation converter which can also be named as a light conversion body.
  • radiation converters with phosphorus are known, for example in the form of a phosphor coating, after phosphorus has fluorescent properties and can thus create broadband secondary light, in particular white secondary light, from laser light of a suitable wavelength. If, for example, blue light is generated in a laser light source and is irradiated onto a radiation converter made of yellow phosphorus, the radiation converter converts the light into white light.
  • the radiation converter, in particular phosphorus also has the property that beam divergence occurs, which means that the secondary light is generated in a fanned-out manner. This beam divergence ensures that any unwanted effect of the focused laser light on people is eliminated.
  • a radiation converter can consist, for example, of a ceramic into which phosphor is sintered.
  • the radiation converter is removed or damaged, in addition to the conversion of the laser light into the secondary light, the fanning effect is also eliminated and laser light can escape, which is undesirable.
  • EP 2 461 092 A2 A lighting device for a motor vehicle is known in which blue light is converted into white light by means of a radiation converter made of phosphorus. Furthermore, a reflector is provided there, which reflects white light emitted by the radiation converter. The reflector also has an optical structure which is designed to scatter the blue light, to reflect back to the radiation converter or to catch it in a beam trap.
  • US 2011/211243 A1 describes a laser projector with a security mirror.
  • the security mirror has a temperature-sensitive coating, which in the event of failure or in the event of a functional impairment Movable scanning mirror prevents laser radiation from escaping from the projector. Due to the movement of the scanning mirror, the laser beam reflected by it moves over the security mirror, so that no significant heating of the coating of the security mirror occurs. If the scanning mirror fails or the scanning speed of the laser beam is reduced, the coating of the security mirror is heated, which changes its optical properties and prevents the laser radiation from escaping from the projector due to these changed properties.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving a lighting device with regard to damage to a radiation converter.
  • the reflector in the impact area is provided with a coating which reflects until a limit temperature is exceeded and which, when the limit temperature is exceeded, with a protective means arranged behind it, which is designed as a beam trap, at least becomes transparent to the laser light and / or itself acts as a beam trap.
  • Suitable mechanical and / or optical measures are therefore proposed in order to prevent the emission of highly intensive laser light, which may have disruptive effects, if possible if the radiation converter is lost or damaged, so that unwanted light effects due to stray laser radiation are avoided as far as possible. In this way, for example, distractions due to overly illuminated areas in the illumination area and the like are avoided.
  • the radiation converter which preferably consists of or contains phosphorus, in particular yellow phosphorus when blue laser light is used, basically ensures that the radiation is converted and fanned out Laser light so that secondary light is created.
  • the beam divergence resulting from the radiation converter is at least partially eliminated if the radiation converter is damaged or at least partially removed, for example drops.
  • the laser light having a preferred direction strikes the incidence area of the reflector, which is determined in particular from the divergence angle of the emerging laser light. If an optical fiber is used from which the laser light emerges, for example at one end of the optical fiber, the divergence angle of the emerging laser light (laser beam) is determined by the numerical aperture of the optical fiber.
  • the lighting device as a whole can be designed such that an exit surface of the laser light source, in particular one end of a light guide of the laser light source, is directly connected to the radiation converter and directed at the reflector and / or that the radiation converter has a Lambertian radiation characteristic.
  • the radiation converter can thus directly connect to an exit surface of the laser light source, which is also defined by a focus area of at least one laser diode as a laser light source or can be formed in the case of several laser diodes on a beam combiner, so that preferably the exit direction of the laser light source in the direction of the Reflector lies; the secondary light is thus emitted in the direction of the reflector.
  • the desired light distribution of the lighting device is created there.
  • the radiation converter in particular the phosphor body, can have a Lambertian radiation characteristic in the converting, error-free state, which corresponds to the fanning out mentioned.
  • a diverging element ensures that a laser light impinging as a beam in the impingement area is fanned out in such a way that the light intensity is distributed over a larger angular area and thus disturbing and / or unwanted optical effects are avoided. It is preferred if the diverging element is formed from the reflector itself, in particular by a suitable shape, for example by providing a curvature in the area of impact. However, it is also conceivable to apply an additional divergence body as a diverging element to the reflector at least in the area of impact, for example a divergent coating.
  • the general advantage of reflecting, diverging elements is that the laser light is then not (only) absorbed, but distributed, so that little or no additional cooling is necessary. In most cases, however, laser light is still emitted, although significantly weakened. With a suitable design of the diverging element, however, this can also be used to advantage in that ultimately a type of "emergency operation" of the lighting device is realized, for example a glow in the color of the laser light with a weaker brightness or the like.
  • Beam traps are already known in the prior art, in particular for laser light. Beam traps are optical elements that are used to absorb a light beam, here the beam of laser light. For example, jet traps are known, the deep, dark cavities use that are coated with an absorbent material. Black-colored aluminum cones in housings, which can have, for example, a ribbed inner wall which is colored black, have also been proposed. However, depending on the performance at hand, flat surfaces and the like have also become known as jet traps.
  • the beam trap can be an absorption body arranged behind the reflector perforated in the impact area.
  • the reflector can be broken open in the impact area, so that, for example, a cavity can follow behind it, as described, in which the laser light is captured and absorbed.
  • the absorption body it is also possible and preferred for the absorption body to be at least part of a heat sink, in particular a black-colored aluminum heat sink for the lighting device. If an already existing heat sink is used, the heat generated by absorption of the laser light is ultimately already dissipated, so that heat sink, in particular heat sink assigned to the lighting device itself, can ultimately be used several times. If the heat sink is provided with a ribbed surface anyway, a beam trap can easily be created, for example, by blackening it.
  • the reflector is provided in the area of impact with a coating that reflects until a limit temperature is exceeded.
  • the reflector can be used normally with the usual radiation characteristics until the unconverted laser radiation causes excessive heating and the coating changes its properties, i.e. it can no longer be used as a reflecting surface.
  • the coating or layer becomes at least permeable to the laser light when the limit temperature is exceeded, with the beam trap arranged behind it.
  • permeability can also be created by the coating being eliminated, ie destroyed; in other words, this means that the reflector surface can be destroyed in the area of impact, which is particularly expedient, if the beam trap is located behind it.
  • the coating itself may also act as a jet trap, which is less preferred, in particular due to the cooling requirement that arises, even if heat-dissipating materials or even heat sinks of cooling devices themselves can be coupled to the corresponding coating. If the coating is fundamentally reflective, the usual optical properties of the reflector can thus be further realized for normal operation, so that no corrective measures are necessary. It is only in the event of an error that the laser light is absorbed as far as possible.
  • beam traps The general advantage of beam traps is that the laser light is absorbed as much as possible, which means that any lighting effects can be avoided in the event of a fault, making a defect easily recognizable on the one hand, and on the other hand annoying light effects, such as unwanted light distributions, largely even with smaller light intensities can be avoided.
  • the reflector can be shaped to correct imaging errors caused by the protective means.
  • the use of the protective agent can result in imaging errors in the reflector, which can be taken into account in the design of the reflector, in order nevertheless to obtain the desired light distribution of the lighting device as precisely as possible.
  • Conventional optical simulation and planning programs can be used to determine suitable shapes of reflectors and the like.
  • a measuring device in particular a photodetector
  • a control device controlling the operation of the laser light source for evaluating the measurement data of the measuring device and for deactivating the Laser light source when a particular one is detected Amount of laser light exceeding threshold is formed.
  • a measuring device in particular a photodetector, can be introduced in the impact area, preferably when using a beam trap.
  • Such a measuring device can measure the incoming absolute or relative radiation, thus deliver measurement data which, after a suitable evaluation of a statement, provide information as to whether laser light is present in the impact area, so that a fault can be inferred from a certain amount of laser light and the laser light source can be switched off can be initiated.
  • the control device is designed to determine a spectrum and / or an intensity of the light impinging on the measuring device.
  • Laser light that strikes the impact area and thus the measuring device directly, i.e. converted, has two consequences: on the one hand, the spectrum of the incident light changes, for example, by shifting it more or even completely towards the wavelength emitted by the laser light source or even is only formed from this.
  • the laser light source can be deactivated.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle which comprises at least one lighting device of the type according to the invention.
  • the lighting device is preferably a headlight, in particular a headlight. All of the statements relating to the lighting device according to the invention can be transferred analogously to the motor vehicle according to the invention, so that the advantages of the invention can also be obtained here.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a lighting device 1 in normal operation.
  • a laser light source 2 comprises at least one laser diode 3, in particular also a plurality of laser diodes 3, the light of which can be brought together by a beam combiner, not shown here.
  • the laser light is not radiated directly onto the reflector 5, but instead is placed between the laser diode 3 and the reflector 5, in particular directly on an exit surface of the laser light source 2, a radiation converter 6 comprising phosphor is arranged, which converts the laser light into white secondary light and this fanned out, as indicated by the arrows 7.
  • the radiation converter 6 has a Lambertian radiation characteristic, so that the reflector 5 can be illuminated relatively evenly.
  • the laser light from the laser light source 2 would strike the reflector 5 directly, in a previously ascertainable, for example, calculable, impact area 8. In the present case, this results from the divergence angle of the laser beam emerging from the end of the light guide 4, which is determined by the numerical aperture of the light guide 4.
  • the reflector 5 can now be seen modified, in which a diverging element 9 is provided as a protective means, which can be formed from the reflector 5 itself, for example by bulging the reflector, or else can be applied to the reflector 5.
  • a partial elimination of the radiation converter 6 is also conceivable, in which case part of the laser light strikes the diverging element 9 directly.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of the lighting device 1 without radiation converter 6, that is, in the event of a fault, the diverging element 9, which is otherwise concave here, ensures that the laser light is fanned out in order to avoid disruptive optical effects.
  • the laser light hits the diverging element 9 as a beam 10, where it is deflected in different directions, that is to say fanned out, because of the curved surface of the diverging element 9, arrows 11.
  • the laser light thus occurs not at full intensity from the lighting device 1, where it could meet people or produce disturbing light distributions, for example, but is deflected in a wide variety of directions and thus "distributed".
  • the reflector 5 is designed in such a way that imaging errors arising from the diverging element 9 are corrected in normal operation, and consequently the desired light distribution is obtained.
  • the diverging element 9 is also designed to be thermally stable after the laser beam 10 can cause greater heat.
  • the 3 and 4 show one towards the 1 and 2 Modified second exemplary embodiment of an illumination device 1 ', in which the main difference is that the laser light source 2 has a light guide 4 which guides the laser light from the at least one laser diode 3 into the region of the reflector 5.
  • the radiation converter 6 is arranged directly on the exit surface of the light guide 4.
  • the light guide 4 creates an annular or elliptical distribution of the laser light.
  • the laser light of this beam geometry hits the diverging element 9, which is opposite 1 and 2 is modified as a function of this beam geometry, that is to say in its specific configuration, in particular the radius of curvature, which is designed in accordance with the beam geometry.
  • the diverging element 9 For example, with a circular distribution of the laser light, a spherical shape with a fixed radius can be expedient as a diverging element 9.
  • Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of a lighting device 1 ", for the sake of simplicity the same components are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • Fig. 5 again shows normal operation, Fig. 6 the fault operation when the radiation converter 6 is lost or damaged.
  • a light guide is shown there again, the protective agent can of course also be used with other laser light sources 2, for example from 1 and 2 , are used.
  • the reflector 5 is penetrated in the impact area 8, a beam trap 12 designed as an absorption body being arranged behind the opening, which in the present case forms part of a heat sink 13 which is in any case provided for the lighting device.
  • the heat sink 13 is made of aluminum and is rib-shaped and blackened at least in the area of the beam trap 12.
  • the beam trap 12 absorbs as in Fig. 6 is shown schematically, the majority of directly incident laser light or even the entire laser light.
  • a measuring device 14 for incident light in this case a photodetector, is also provided within the beam trap 12.
  • the measuring device 14 records measurement data relating to the incident light, which are evaluated by a control device 15 connected to the measuring device 14.
  • the control device 15 determines the presence of a defect, in particular the loss or damage of the radiation converter 6, by checking whether at least a certain amount of laser light, ie unconverted light, arrives at the measuring device 14. For the assessment, the spectrum of the incident light can be considered after it is shifted towards the wavelength of the laser diode 3 used. On the other hand, the intensity of the light can also be viewed. Suitable threshold values are used; if they are exceeded or undershot, a defect in the sense of Fig. 6 is detected. If such a defect occurs, the control device 15 deactivates the laser light source 2.
  • such a measuring device 14 which supplies data to a control device 15, which are evaluated there, is of course also fundamentally also in the first embodiment 1 and 2 or in the second embodiment 3 and 4 can be provided.
  • the reflector 5 is shaped in such a way that aberrations caused by the opening are corrected.
  • Fig. 7 shows a detail of a further variant of a beam trap, which can be provided directly on the reflector 5.
  • a coating 16 is provided in the impact area 8, which is fundamentally reflective, but the properties if a limit temperature is exceeded a beam trap.
  • the reflector 5 still acts as designed in normal operation, so that imaging errors are avoided, but a beam trap effect still occurs in the event of an error.
  • the coating 16 as a layer can also cover an opening in the reflector 5 and can be destroyed when the limit temperature is exceeded, the actual beam trap as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG 5 and 6 is arranged behind the coating.
  • a divergent coating of the reflector 5 is also conceivable as a divergent element 9.
  • Fig. 8 finally shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 17 according to the invention, which has two lighting devices 1, 1 'and 1 "as headlights. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that other lighting devices of a motor vehicle can also be designed in accordance with the present invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Beleuchtungseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug, umfassend eine Laserlichtquelle, einen ein fluoreszierendes Material, insbesondere Phosphor, enthaltenden Strahlungskonverter und einen Reflektor, wobei von der Laserlichtquelle ausgesendetes Laserlicht in dem Strahlungskonverter in im Vergleich zu dem Laserlicht breitbandigeres, insbesondere weißes Sekundärlicht umgewandelt und aufgefächert wird, welches Sekundärlicht durch den Reflektor in eine Ausstrahlungsrichtung der Beleuchtungseinrichtung umgelenkt wird, wobei in einem Auftreffbereich des Reflektors, der bei Wegfall des Strahlungskonverters dem Laserlicht ausgesetzt ist, ein Schutzmittel zur Reduzierung der Lichtintensität von aus der Beleuchtungseinrichtung ausgestrahltem Laserlicht bei Wegfall oder Beschädigung des Strahlungskonverters vorgesehen ist. Daneben betrifft die Erfindung ein Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to a lighting device for a motor vehicle, comprising a laser light source, a radiation converter containing a fluorescent material, in particular phosphorus, and a reflector, the laser light emitted by the laser light source being converted and fanned out in the radiation converter into broadband, in particular white, secondary light compared to the laser light which secondary light is deflected by the reflector in a radiation direction of the lighting device, a protective means for reducing the light intensity of laser light emitted from the lighting device if the radiation converter is lost or damaged in an impact area of the reflector which is exposed to the laser light when the radiation converter is omitted is provided. In addition, the invention relates to a motor vehicle.

Heutige Kraftfahrzeuge weisen eine Vielzahl von Beleuchtungseinrichtungen auf, insbesondere außen am Kraftfahrzeug angeordnete Signalleuchten und/oder Scheinwerfer. Insbesondere Scheinwerfer stellen dabei eine Herausforderung dar. So wurden Scheinwerfer vorgeschlagen, die durch LEDs das nötige Licht erzeugen. Hiermit lässt sich zwar eine deutlich effizientere Lichterzeugung realisieren, jedoch werden die Scheinwerfer, insbesondere aufgrund der Kühleinrichtungen, schwerer.Today's motor vehicles have a large number of lighting devices, in particular signal lights and / or headlights arranged on the outside of the motor vehicle. Headlights in particular are a challenge. Headlights have been proposed that generate the necessary light using LEDs. Although this enables a significantly more efficient generation of light, the headlights become heavier, in particular because of the cooling devices.

In einem weiteren Verbesserungsansatz wurden Beleuchtungseinrichtungen für Kraftfahrzeuge vorgeschlagen, deren Lichtquelle eine Laserlichtquelle, insbesondere umfassend wenigstens eine Laserdiode, ist. Beispielsweise kann das Licht von wenigstens einer Laserdiode durch einen Lichtleiter auf einen Reflektor gelenkt werden, der es in einer Ausstrahlrichtung reflektiert. Dabei besteht jedoch das Problem, dass zum einen Laserlichtquellen Licht einer bestimmten Wellenlänge, zum anderen äußerst fokussiertes Licht erzeugen. Während es grundsätzlich denkbar ist, das Licht mehrerer Laserdioden unterschiedlicher Farben zu kombinieren, wurde auch vorgeschlagen, das Laserlicht unter Verwendung eines Strahlungskonverters (auch als Lichtwandlungskörper benennbar) in weißes Licht umzuwandeln. Bekannt sind hierbei insbesondere Strahlungskonverter mit Phosphor, beispielsweise als eine Phosphorbeschichtung ausgebildet, nachdem Phosphor fluoreszierende Eigenschaften aufweist und somit aus Laserlicht einer geeigneten Wellenlänge breitbandiges Sekundärlicht, insbesondere weißes Sekundärlicht, erschaffen kann. Wird in einer Laserlichtquelle beispielsweise blaues Licht erzeugt und auf einen Strahlungskonverter aus gelben Phosphor aufgestrahlt, wandelt der Strahlungskonverter das Licht in weißes Licht um. Der Strahlungskonverter, insbesondere Phosphor, hat weiter die Eigenschaft, dass eine Strahldivergenz auftritt, das bedeutet, das Sekundärlicht wird aufgefächert erzeugt. Diese Strahldivergenz sorgt dafür, dass eine eventuell ungewollte Wirkung des fokussierten Laserlichts auf Personen aufgehoben wird. Ein Strahlungskonverter kann beispielsweise aus einer Keramik bestehen, in die Phosphor eingesintert ist.In a further improvement approach, lighting devices for motor vehicles have been proposed, the light source of which is a laser light source, in particular comprising at least one laser diode. For example, the light from at least one laser diode can be directed through a light guide onto a reflector, which reflects it in an emission direction. However, there is the problem that on the one hand laser light sources light a certain wavelength, on the other hand to produce extremely focused light. While it is fundamentally conceivable to combine the light of several laser diodes of different colors, it has also been proposed to convert the laser light into white light using a radiation converter (which can also be named as a light conversion body). In particular, radiation converters with phosphorus are known, for example in the form of a phosphor coating, after phosphorus has fluorescent properties and can thus create broadband secondary light, in particular white secondary light, from laser light of a suitable wavelength. If, for example, blue light is generated in a laser light source and is irradiated onto a radiation converter made of yellow phosphorus, the radiation converter converts the light into white light. The radiation converter, in particular phosphorus, also has the property that beam divergence occurs, which means that the secondary light is generated in a fanned-out manner. This beam divergence ensures that any unwanted effect of the focused laser light on people is eliminated. A radiation converter can consist, for example, of a ceramic into which phosphor is sintered.

Wird jedoch der Strahlungskonverter entfernt oder beschädigt, entfällt neben der Umwandlung des Laserlichts in das Sekundärlicht auch die auffächernde Wirkung und Laserlicht kann austreten, was jedoch unerwünscht ist.However, if the radiation converter is removed or damaged, in addition to the conversion of the laser light into the secondary light, the fanning effect is also eliminated and laser light can escape, which is undesirable.

Aus EP 2 461 092 A2 ist eine Beleuchtungseinrichtung für ein Kraftfahrzeug bekannt, bei der mittels eines Strahlungskonverters aus Phosphor blaues Licht in weißes Licht konvertiert wird. Ferner ist dort ein Reflektor vorgesehen, der weißes Licht, das von dem Strahlungskonverter emittiert wird, reflektiert. Der Reflektor hat ferner eine optische Struktur, die dazu ausgebildet ist, das blaue Licht zu streuen, zurück zum Strahlungskonverter zu reflektieren oder in einer Strahlfalle zu fangen.Out EP 2 461 092 A2 A lighting device for a motor vehicle is known in which blue light is converted into white light by means of a radiation converter made of phosphorus. Furthermore, a reflector is provided there, which reflects white light emitted by the radiation converter. The reflector also has an optical structure which is designed to scatter the blue light, to reflect back to the radiation converter or to catch it in a beam trap.

In US 2011/211243 A1 wird ein Laserprojektor mit einem Sicherungsspiegel beschrieben. Der Sicherungsspiegel weist dabei eine temperatursensitive Beschichtung auf, die bei Ausfall oder bei Funktionsbeeinträchtigung eines bewegbaren Abtastspiegels ein Austreten von Laserstrahlung aus dem Projektor verhindert. Aufgrund der Bewegung des Abtastspiegels bewegt sich der von ihm reflektierte Laserstrahl über den Sicherungsspiegel, so dass keine signifikante Erwärmung der Beschichtung des Sicherungsspiegels auftritt. Bei Ausfall des Abtastspiegel oder bei einer Reduktion einer Abtastgeschwindigkeit des Laserstrahls kommt es jedoch zu einer Erwärmung der Beschichtung des Sicherungsspiegels, welcher dadurch seine optischen Eigenschaften verändert und aufgrund dieser geänderten Eigenschaften ein Austreten der Laserstrahlung aus dem Projektor verhindert.In US 2011/211243 A1 describes a laser projector with a security mirror. The security mirror has a temperature-sensitive coating, which in the event of failure or in the event of a functional impairment Movable scanning mirror prevents laser radiation from escaping from the projector. Due to the movement of the scanning mirror, the laser beam reflected by it moves over the security mirror, so that no significant heating of the coating of the security mirror occurs. If the scanning mirror fails or the scanning speed of the laser beam is reduced, the coating of the security mirror is heated, which changes its optical properties and prevents the laser radiation from escaping from the projector due to these changed properties.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Beleuchtungseinrichtung im Hinblick auf Beschädigungsfälle eines Strahlungskonverters zu verbessern.The invention is therefore based on the object of improving a lighting device with regard to damage to a radiation converter.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist bei einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Reflektor in dem Auftreffbereich mit einer bis zum Überschreiten einer Grenztemperatur reflektierenden Beschichtung versehen ist, die bei Überschreiten der Grenztemperatur, bei dahinter angeordnetem Schutzmittel, das als Strahlfalle ausgebildet ist, zumindest für das Laserlicht durchlässig wird und/oder selbst als Strahlfalle wirkt.To achieve this object, it is provided according to the invention in an illumination device of the type mentioned at the outset that the reflector in the impact area is provided with a coating which reflects until a limit temperature is exceeded and which, when the limit temperature is exceeded, with a protective means arranged behind it, which is designed as a beam trap, at least becomes transparent to the laser light and / or itself acts as a beam trap.

Es werden mithin geeignete mechanische und/oder optische Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, um bei einem Wegfall oder einer Beschädigung des Strahlungskonverters den Austritt von hochintensivem, gegebenenfalls störende Effekte auslösenden Laserlicht möglichst zu vermeiden, so dass ungewollte Lichteffekte aufgrund vagabundierender Laserstrahlung möglichst vermieden werden. Beispielsweise werden auf diese Weise Ablenkungen durch zu intensiv ausgeleuchtete Stellen im Ausleuchtungsbereich und dergleichen vermieden.Suitable mechanical and / or optical measures are therefore proposed in order to prevent the emission of highly intensive laser light, which may have disruptive effects, if possible if the radiation converter is lost or damaged, so that unwanted light effects due to stray laser radiation are avoided as far as possible. In this way, for example, distractions due to overly illuminated areas in the illumination area and the like are avoided.

Der Strahlungskonverter, der bevorzugt aus Phosphor besteht oder dieses beinhaltet, insbesondere aus gelben Phosphor bei Verwendung von blauem Laserlicht, sorgt grundsätzlich für eine Umwandlung und Auffächerung des Laserlichts, so dass Sekundärlicht entsteht. Die durch den Strahlungskonverter entstehende Strahldivergenz fällt wenigstens teilweise weg, wenn der Strahlungskonverter beschädigt oder zumindest teilweise entfernt wird, beispielsweise abfällt. Dann trifft das eine Vorzugsrichtung aufweisende Laserlicht ungewandelt auf den Auftreffbereich des Reflektors auf, der sich insbesondere aus dem Divergenzwinkel des austretenden Laserlichts bestimmt. Wird ein Lichtleiter verwendet, aus dem das Laserlicht austritt, beispielsweise an einem Ende des Lichtleiters, wird der Divergenzwinkel des austretenden Laserlichts (Laserstrahls) durch die numerische Apertur des Lichtleiters bestimmt. Mithin lässt sich in diesen und anderen Fällen leicht ermitteln, wo der Reflektor durch das umgewandelte Laserlicht bei Wegfall des Strahlungskonverters betroffen wäre, so dass sich der Auftreffbereich ergibt. Vorgeschlagen wird nun, diesen Auftreffbereich des Reflektors so auszugestalten, dass zumindest im Fehlerfall, also bei Wegfall oder Beschädigung des Strahlungskonverters, keine derartige Reflektion auftritt, dass das Laserlicht als Strahl in Ausstrahlungsrichtung der Beleuchtungseinrichtung umgelenkt wird, das bedeutet, die Lichtintensität von aus der Beleuchtungseinrichtung ausgestrahltem Laserlicht wird reduziert, bevorzugt dabei auf null, so dass im Fehlerfall kein Laserlicht aus der Beleuchtungseinrichtung austreten kann und störende Effekte auslösen kann. Auch eine Reduzierung der Lichtintensität sollte derart sein, dass störende und/oder ungewollte Effekte durch das Laserlicht vermieden werden.The radiation converter, which preferably consists of or contains phosphorus, in particular yellow phosphorus when blue laser light is used, basically ensures that the radiation is converted and fanned out Laser light so that secondary light is created. The beam divergence resulting from the radiation converter is at least partially eliminated if the radiation converter is damaged or at least partially removed, for example drops. Then the laser light having a preferred direction strikes the incidence area of the reflector, which is determined in particular from the divergence angle of the emerging laser light. If an optical fiber is used from which the laser light emerges, for example at one end of the optical fiber, the divergence angle of the emerging laser light (laser beam) is determined by the numerical aperture of the optical fiber. It is therefore easy to determine in these and other cases where the reflector would be affected by the converted laser light if the radiation converter were omitted, so that the impact area results. It is now proposed to design this area of incidence of the reflector in such a way that at least in the event of a fault, i.e. if the radiation converter is lost or damaged, there is no such reflection that the laser light is deflected as a beam in the direction of radiation from the lighting device, which means the light intensity from the lighting device emitted laser light is reduced, preferably to zero, so that in the event of a fault no laser light can emerge from the lighting device and can trigger disruptive effects. A reduction in the light intensity should also be such that disturbing and / or unwanted effects by the laser light are avoided.

Konkret kann die Beleuchtungseinrichtung insgesamt so ausgestaltet sein, dass eine Austrittsfläche der Laserlichtquelle, insbesondere ein Ende eines Lichtleiters der Laserlichtquelle, unmittelbar mit dem Strahlungskonverter verbunden und auf den Reflektor gerichtet ist und/oder dass der Strahlungskonverter eine lambertsche Abstrahlcharakteristik aufweist. Der Strahlungskonverter kann also unmittelbar an eine Austrittfläche der Laserlichtquelle anschließen, welche auch durch einen Fokusbereich wenigstens einer Laserdiode als Laserlichtquelle definiert oder bei mehreren Laserdioden an einem Strahlkombinierer ("beam combiner") gebildet sein kann, so dass bevorzugt die Austrittsrichtung der Laserlichtquelle in Richtung des Reflektors liegt; das Sekundärlicht wird somit in Richtung des Reflektors ausgestrahlt. Dort entsteht die gewünschte Lichtverteilung der Beleuchtungseinrichtung. Dabei kann der Strahlungskonverter, insbesondere also der Phosphorkörper, im konvertierenden fehlerfreien Zustand eine lambertsche Abstrahlcharakteristik aufweisen, was der genannten Auffächerung entspricht.Specifically, the lighting device as a whole can be designed such that an exit surface of the laser light source, in particular one end of a light guide of the laser light source, is directly connected to the radiation converter and directed at the reflector and / or that the radiation converter has a Lambertian radiation characteristic. The radiation converter can thus directly connect to an exit surface of the laser light source, which is also defined by a focus area of at least one laser diode as a laser light source or can be formed in the case of several laser diodes on a beam combiner, so that preferably the exit direction of the laser light source in the direction of the Reflector lies; the secondary light is thus emitted in the direction of the reflector. The desired light distribution of the lighting device is created there. In this case, the radiation converter, in particular the phosphor body, can have a Lambertian radiation characteristic in the converting, error-free state, which corresponds to the fanning out mentioned.

Zur konkreten Ausgestaltung des Schutzmittels sind mehrere Möglichkeiten denkbar, nachdem das Schutzmittel insbesondere eine absorbierende und/oder divergierende Wirkung haben kann. Ein divergierendes Element sorgt dafür, dass ein als Strahl im Auftreffbereich auftreffendes Laserlicht derart aufgefächert wird, dass sich die Lichtintensität auf einen größeren Winkelbereich aufteilt und somit störende und/oder ungewollte optische Effekte vermieden werden. Dabei wird es bevorzugt, wenn das divergierende Element aus dem Reflektor selbst, insbesondere durch eine geeignete Formgebung, ausgebildet ist, beispielsweise, indem eine Wölbung im Auftreffbereich vorgesehen wird. Denkbar ist es jedoch auch, einen zusätzlichen Divergenzkörper als divergierendes Element auf den Reflektor wenigstens im Auftreffbereich aufzubringen, beispielsweise eine divergierende Beschichtung.Several options are conceivable for the specific design of the protective agent, since the protective agent can in particular have an absorbing and / or diverging effect. A diverging element ensures that a laser light impinging as a beam in the impingement area is fanned out in such a way that the light intensity is distributed over a larger angular area and thus disturbing and / or unwanted optical effects are avoided. It is preferred if the diverging element is formed from the reflector itself, in particular by a suitable shape, for example by providing a curvature in the area of impact. However, it is also conceivable to apply an additional divergence body as a diverging element to the reflector at least in the area of impact, for example a divergent coating.

Der Vorteil reflektierender, divergierender Elemente ist es allgemein, dass das Laserlicht dann nicht (nur) absorbiert, sondern verteilt wird, so dass kaum oder wenig zusätzliche Kühlung notwendig wird. Allerdings wird, wenn auch deutlich abgeschwächt, in den meisten Fällen dann noch Laserlicht abgestrahlt. Bei geeigneter Auslegung des divergierenden Elements kann dies jedoch auch zum Vorteil genutzt werden, indem letztlich eine Art "Notbetrieb" der Beleuchtungseinrichtung realisiert wird, beispielsweise ein Leuchten in der Farbe des Laserlichts mit schwächerer Helligkeit oder dergleichen.The general advantage of reflecting, diverging elements is that the laser light is then not (only) absorbed, but distributed, so that little or no additional cooling is necessary. In most cases, however, laser light is still emitted, although significantly weakened. With a suitable design of the diverging element, however, this can also be used to advantage in that ultimately a type of "emergency operation" of the lighting device is realized, for example a glow in the color of the laser light with a weaker brightness or the like.

Strahlfallen (englisch "beam dumps") sind im Stand der Technik, insbesondere für Laserlicht, bereits grundsätzlich bekannt. Strahlfallen sind optische Elemente, die zur Absorption eines Lichtstrahls dienen, hier also des Strahls von Laserlicht. Beispielsweise sind Strahlfallen bekannt, die tiefe, dunkle Kavitäten einsetzen, die von einem absorbierenden Material beschichtet sind. Auch schwarz eingefärbte Aluminiumkegel in Gehäusen, die beispielsweise eine gerippte Innenwand, die schwarz gefärbt ist, aufweisen können, wurden vorgeschlagen. Jedoch sind, abhängig von der vorliegenden Leistung, auch flache Flächen und dergleichen als Strahlfallen bekannt geworden.Beam traps are already known in the prior art, in particular for laser light. Beam traps are optical elements that are used to absorb a light beam, here the beam of laser light. For example, jet traps are known, the deep, dark cavities use that are coated with an absorbent material. Black-colored aluminum cones in housings, which can have, for example, a ribbed inner wall which is colored black, have also been proposed. However, depending on the performance at hand, flat surfaces and the like have also become known as jet traps.

In konkreter Ausgestaltung kann die Strahlfalle ein hinter dem im Auftreffbereich durchbrochenen Reflektor angeordneter Absorptionskörper sein. Der Reflektor kann dabei im Auftreffbereich aufgebrochen werden, so dass sich dahinter beispielsweise eine Kavität, wie beschrieben, anschließen kann, in der das Laserlicht gefangen und absorbiert wird. Möglich und bevorzugt ist es jedoch auch, dass der Absorptionskörper wenigstens ein Teil eines Kühlkörpers, insbesondere eines schwarz eingefärbten Aluminium-Kühlkörpers für die Beleuchtungseinrichtung, ist. Wird ein ohnehin vorhandener Kühlkörper verwendet, ist letztlich auch für die Abfuhr der durch Absorption des Laserlichts entstehenden Wärme bereits gesorgt, so dass letztlich Kühlkörper, insbesondere der Beleuchtungseinrichtung selbst zugeordnete Kühlkörper, mehrfach genutzt werden können. Ist der Kühlkörper ohnehin mit einer gerippten Oberfläche versehen, lässt sich beispielsweise durch Schwarzfärbung leicht eine Strahlfalle erzeugen.In a specific embodiment, the beam trap can be an absorption body arranged behind the reflector perforated in the impact area. The reflector can be broken open in the impact area, so that, for example, a cavity can follow behind it, as described, in which the laser light is captured and absorbed. However, it is also possible and preferred for the absorption body to be at least part of a heat sink, in particular a black-colored aluminum heat sink for the lighting device. If an already existing heat sink is used, the heat generated by absorption of the laser light is ultimately already dissipated, so that heat sink, in particular heat sink assigned to the lighting device itself, can ultimately be used several times. If the heat sink is provided with a ribbed surface anyway, a beam trap can easily be created, for example, by blackening it.

Der Reflektor ist erfindungsgemäß in dem Auftreffbereich mit einer bis zum Überschreiten einer Grenztemperatur reflektierenden Beschichtung versehen . Auf diese Weise kann der Reflektor normal mit der üblichen Abstrahlcharakteristik genutzt werden, bis durch die nicht gewandelte Laserstrahlung eine zu hohe Erwärmung auftritt und die Beschichtung ihre Eigenschaften wechselt, also nicht mehr als reflektierende Fläche genutzt werden kann. Dabei gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten zum Eigenschaftswechsel. So ist es zum einen denkbar, dass die Beschichtung beziehungsweise Schicht bei Überschreiten der Grenztemperatur, bei dahinter angeordneter Strahlfalle, zumindest für das Laserlicht durchlässig wird. Eine Durchlässigkeit kann letztlich auch durch Wegfall, also Zerstörung, der Beschichtung erzeugt werden; mit anderen Worten bedeutet dies, dass im Auftreffbereich eine Zerstörung der Reflektorfläche stattfinden kann, was besonders zweckmäßig ist, wenn sich dahinter angeordnet die Strahlfalle befindet. Jedoch kann die Beschichtung nach Überschreiten der Grenztemperatur gegebenenfalls auch selbst als Strahlfalle wirken, was jedoch insbesondere aufgrund des entstehenden Kühlbedarfs weniger bevorzugt ist, auch wenn an die entsprechende Beschichtung wärmeabführende Materialien oder gar Kühlkörper von Kühleinrichtungen selbst angekoppelt werden können. Ist die Beschichtung grundsätzlich reflektierend, lassen sich also für den Normalbetrieb die üblichen optischen Eigenschaften des Reflektors weiter realisieren, so dass keine korrigierenden Maßnahmen erforderlich sind. Erst im Fehlerfall tritt die das Laserlicht möglichst weitgehend absorbierende Wirkung ein.According to the invention, the reflector is provided in the area of impact with a coating that reflects until a limit temperature is exceeded. In this way, the reflector can be used normally with the usual radiation characteristics until the unconverted laser radiation causes excessive heating and the coating changes its properties, i.e. it can no longer be used as a reflecting surface. There are several ways to change properties. On the one hand, it is conceivable that the coating or layer becomes at least permeable to the laser light when the limit temperature is exceeded, with the beam trap arranged behind it. In the end, permeability can also be created by the coating being eliminated, ie destroyed; in other words, this means that the reflector surface can be destroyed in the area of impact, which is particularly expedient, if the beam trap is located behind it. However, after the limit temperature has been exceeded, the coating itself may also act as a jet trap, which is less preferred, in particular due to the cooling requirement that arises, even if heat-dissipating materials or even heat sinks of cooling devices themselves can be coupled to the corresponding coating. If the coating is fundamentally reflective, the usual optical properties of the reflector can thus be further realized for normal operation, so that no corrective measures are necessary. It is only in the event of an error that the laser light is absorbed as far as possible.

Der allgemeine Vorteil von Strahlfallen ist, dass das Laserlicht möglichst weitgehend absorbiert wird, mithin jegliche Lichteffekte in einem Fehlerfall vermieden werden können und somit ein Defekt zum einen leicht zu erkennen ist, zum anderen aber störende Lichteffekte, beispielsweise ungewollte Lichtverteilungen, auch bei kleineren Lichtintensitäten weitgehend vermieden werden können.The general advantage of beam traps is that the laser light is absorbed as much as possible, which means that any lighting effects can be avoided in the event of a fault, making a defect easily recognizable on the one hand, and on the other hand annoying light effects, such as unwanted light distributions, largely even with smaller light intensities can be avoided.

In allgemeiner vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtungseinrichtung kann der Reflektor zur Korrektur von durch das Schutzmittel entstehenden Abbildungsfehlern geformt sein. Durch die Verwendung des Schutzmittels können also Abbildungsfehler im Reflektor entstehen, die bei der Auslegung des Reflektors berücksichtigt werden können, um dennoch möglichst genau die gewünschte Lichtverteilung der Beleuchtungseinrichtung zu erhalten. Zur Ermittlung geeigneter Formgebungen von Reflektoren und dergleichen können übliche optische Simulations- und Planungsprogramme eingesetzt werden.In a general advantageous embodiment of the lighting device according to the invention, the reflector can be shaped to correct imaging errors caused by the protective means. The use of the protective agent can result in imaging errors in the reflector, which can be taken into account in the design of the reflector, in order nevertheless to obtain the desired light distribution of the lighting device as precisely as possible. Conventional optical simulation and planning programs can be used to determine suitable shapes of reflectors and the like.

In einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass im Auftreffbereich und/oder als Teil des Schutzmittels eine Messeinrichtung, insbesondere ein Fotodetektor, angeordnet ist, wobei eine den Betrieb der Laserlichtquelle steuernde Steuereinrichtung zur Auswertung der Messdaten der Messeinrichtung und zum Deaktivieren der Laserlichtquelle bei Detektion von einer insbesondere einen Schwellwert überschreitenden Menge von Laserlicht ausgebildet ist. Das bedeutet, es kann eine Messeinrichtung, insbesondere ein Fotodetektor, im Auftreffbereich eingebracht werden, bevorzugt bei Verwendung einer Strahlfalle. Eine derartige Messeinrichtung kann die eintreffende absolute oder verhältnismäßige Strahlung vermessen, mithin Messdaten liefern, die nach geeigneter Auswertung einer Aussage darüber liefern, ob Laserlicht im Auftreffbereich vorliegt, so dass ab einer bestimmten Menge an Laserlicht auf einen Fehlerfall gefolgert werden kann und eine Abschaltung der Laserlichtquelle veranlasst werden kann. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Steuereinrichtung zur Ermittlung eines Spektrums und/oder einer Intensität des auf die Messeinrichtung auftreffenden Lichts ausgebildet ist. Laserlicht, das direkt, also umgewandelt, auf den Auftreffbereich und mithin die Messeinrichtung auftrifft, hat zwei Folgen: zum einen verändert sich das Spektrum des auftreffenden Lichts, indem es beispielsweise mehr oder gar völlig zu der von der Laserlichtquelle ausgesandten Wellenlänge hin verschoben wird oder gar nur noch von dieser gebildet wird. Zum anderen ist, wenn die auffächernde Wirkung des Strahlungskonverters wegfällt, eine höhere Lichtintensität gegeben, die selbstverständlich genauso vermessen werden kann. Weicht das Spektrum beispielsweise zu stark von dem durch den Strahlungskonverter gewollten Spektrum ab und/oder überschreitet die Intensität einen Grenzwert für die Intensität, kann das Deaktivieren der Laserlichtquelle erfolgen.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, it can be provided that a measuring device, in particular a photodetector, is arranged in the impact area and / or as part of the protective means, a control device controlling the operation of the laser light source for evaluating the measurement data of the measuring device and for deactivating the Laser light source when a particular one is detected Amount of laser light exceeding threshold is formed. This means that a measuring device, in particular a photodetector, can be introduced in the impact area, preferably when using a beam trap. Such a measuring device can measure the incoming absolute or relative radiation, thus deliver measurement data which, after a suitable evaluation of a statement, provide information as to whether laser light is present in the impact area, so that a fault can be inferred from a certain amount of laser light and the laser light source can be switched off can be initiated. It can be provided that the control device is designed to determine a spectrum and / or an intensity of the light impinging on the measuring device. Laser light that strikes the impact area and thus the measuring device directly, i.e. converted, has two consequences: on the one hand, the spectrum of the incident light changes, for example, by shifting it more or even completely towards the wavelength emitted by the laser light source or even is only formed from this. On the other hand, if the fanning effect of the radiation converter ceases to exist, there is a higher light intensity, which of course can also be measured. If, for example, the spectrum deviates too much from the spectrum desired by the radiation converter and / or the intensity exceeds a limit value for the intensity, the laser light source can be deactivated.

Neben der Beleuchtungseinrichtung betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Kraftfahrzeug, das wenigstens eine Beleuchtungseinrichtung der erfindungsgemäßen Art umfasst. Dabei handelt es sich bei der Beleuchtungseinrichtung bevorzugt um einen Scheinwerfer, insbesondere einen Frontscheinwerfer. Sämtliche Ausführungen zur erfindungsgemäßen Beleuchtungseinrichtung lassen sich analog auf das erfindungsgemäße Kraftfahrzeug übertragen, so dass auch hier die Vorteile der Erfindung erhalten werden können.In addition to the lighting device, the invention also relates to a motor vehicle which comprises at least one lighting device of the type according to the invention. The lighting device is preferably a headlight, in particular a headlight. All of the statements relating to the lighting device according to the invention can be transferred analogously to the motor vehicle according to the invention, so that the advantages of the invention can also be obtained here.

Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der vorliegenden Erfindung ergeben sich aus den im Folgenden beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen sowie anhand der Zeichnung. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtungseinrichtung in einer ersten Ausführungsform bei fehlerfreiem Betrieb,
Fig. 2
die Beleuchtungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 1 bei Wegfall des Strahlungskonverters,
Fig. 3
eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtungseinrichtung einer zweiten Ausführungsform im Normalbetrieb,
Fig. 4
die Beleuchtungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 3 bei Wegfall des Strahlungskonverters,
Fig. 5
eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Beleuchtungseinrichtung in einer dritten Ausführungsform bei fehlerfreiem Betrieb,
Fig. 6
die Beleuchtungseinrichtung gemäß Fig. 5 bei Wegfall des Strahlungskonverters,
Fig. 7
eine Beschichtung an einem Reflektor, und
Fig. 8
ein erfindungsgemäßes Kraftfahrzeug
Further advantages and details of the present invention result from the exemplary embodiments described below and from the drawing. Show:
Fig. 1
a lighting device not according to the invention in a first embodiment with error-free operation,
Fig. 2
the lighting device according to Fig. 1 if the radiation converter is omitted,
Fig. 3
a lighting device of a second embodiment not in accordance with the invention in normal operation,
Fig. 4
the lighting device according to Fig. 3 if the radiation converter is omitted,
Fig. 5
a lighting device not according to the invention in a third embodiment with error-free operation,
Fig. 6
the lighting device according to Fig. 5 if the radiation converter is omitted,
Fig. 7
a coating on a reflector, and
Fig. 8
a motor vehicle according to the invention

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Prinzipskizze einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung 1 im Normalbetrieb. Eine Laserlichtquelle 2 umfasst wenigstens eine Laserdiode 3, insbesondere auch mehrere Laserdioden 3, deren Licht durch einen hier nicht näher dargestellten Strahlkombinierer zusammengeführt werden kann. Das Laserlicht wird im Normalbetrieb nicht unmittelbar auf den Reflektor 5 aufgestrahlt, sondern zwischen der Laserdiode 3 und dem Reflektor 5, insbesondere unmittelbar auf eine Austrittsfläche der Laserlichtquelle 2 aufgesetzt, ist ein Phosphor umfassender Strahlungskonverter 6 angeordnet, der das Laserlicht in weißes Sekundärlicht umwandelt und dieses auffächert, wie durch die Pfeile 7 angedeutet wird. Der Strahlungskonverter 6 weist dabei eine lambertsche Abstrahlcharakteristik auf, so dass der Reflektor 5 relativ gleichmäßig ausgeleuchtet werden kann. Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a lighting device 1 in normal operation. A laser light source 2 comprises at least one laser diode 3, in particular also a plurality of laser diodes 3, the light of which can be brought together by a beam combiner, not shown here. In normal operation, the laser light is not radiated directly onto the reflector 5, but instead is placed between the laser diode 3 and the reflector 5, in particular directly on an exit surface of the laser light source 2, a radiation converter 6 comprising phosphor is arranged, which converts the laser light into white secondary light and this fanned out, as indicated by the arrows 7. The radiation converter 6 has a Lambertian radiation characteristic, so that the reflector 5 can be illuminated relatively evenly.

Würde der Strahlungskonverter 6 wegfallen, würde das Laserlicht aus der Laserlichtquelle 2 unmittelbar auf den Reflektor 5 auftreffen, und zwar in einem vorab ermittelbaren, beispielsweise berechenbaren, Auftreffbereich 8. Dieser ergibt sich vorliegend aus dem Divergenzwinkel des aus dem Ende des Lichtleiters 4 austretenden Laserstrahls, der durch die numerische Apertur des Lichtleiters 4 bestimmt wird. Im Auftreffbereich 8 ist nun ersichtlich der Reflektor 5 modifiziert, in dem als Schutzmittel ein divergierendes Element 9 vorgesehen ist, welches aus dem Reflektor 5 selbst ausgebildet sein kann, beispielsweise durch Auswölbung des Reflektors, oder aber auf den Reflektor 5 aufgebracht sein kann. Dabei ist auch ein teilweise Wegfall des Strahlungskonverters 6 denkbar, wobei dann ein Teil des Laserlichts auf das divergierende Element 9 direkt auftrifft.If the radiation converter 6 were to be omitted, the laser light from the laser light source 2 would strike the reflector 5 directly, in a previously ascertainable, for example, calculable, impact area 8. In the present case, this results from the divergence angle of the laser beam emerging from the end of the light guide 4, which is determined by the numerical aperture of the light guide 4. In the impact area 8, the reflector 5 can now be seen modified, in which a diverging element 9 is provided as a protective means, which can be formed from the reflector 5 itself, for example by bulging the reflector, or else can be applied to the reflector 5. A partial elimination of the radiation converter 6 is also conceivable, in which case part of the laser light strikes the diverging element 9 directly.

Wie aus Fig. 2 näher ersichtlich ist, die eine Prinzipskizze der Beleuchtungseinrichtung 1 ohne Strahlungskonverter 6, also im Fehlerfall, zeigt, sorgt das divergierende Element 9, welches hier im Übrigen konkav ausgebildet ist, für eine Auffächerung des Laserlichts, um störende optische Effekte zu vermeiden. Ersichtlich trifft aufgrund der Positionierung des divergierenden Elements 9 im Auftreffbereich 8 das Laserlicht als Strahl 10 auf das divergierende Element 9, wo es auf Grund der gekrümmten Oberfläche des divergierenden Elements 9 in verschiedene Richtungen umgelenkt, also aufgefächert wird, Pfeile 11. Das Laserlicht tritt also nicht mit voller Intensität aus der Beleuchtungseinrichtung 1 aus, wo es beispielsweise auf Personen treffen könnte oder störende Lichtverteilungen erzeugen könnte, sondern wird in die verschiedensten Richtungen umgelenkt und somit "verteilt". Es sei an dieser Stelle noch angemerkt, dass der Reflektor 5 so ausgestaltet ist, dass durch das divergierende Element 9 entstehende Abbildungsfehler im Normalbetrieb korrigiert werden, mithin die gewünschte Lichtverteilung erhalten wird.How from Fig. 2 can be seen in more detail, which shows a schematic diagram of the lighting device 1 without radiation converter 6, that is, in the event of a fault, the diverging element 9, which is otherwise concave here, ensures that the laser light is fanned out in order to avoid disruptive optical effects. Obviously, due to the positioning of the diverging element 9 in the impact area 8, the laser light hits the diverging element 9 as a beam 10, where it is deflected in different directions, that is to say fanned out, because of the curved surface of the diverging element 9, arrows 11. The laser light thus occurs not at full intensity from the lighting device 1, where it could meet people or produce disturbing light distributions, for example, but is deflected in a wide variety of directions and thus "distributed". At this point, it should also be noted that the reflector 5 is designed in such a way that imaging errors arising from the diverging element 9 are corrected in normal operation, and consequently the desired light distribution is obtained.

Das divergierende Element 9 ist zudem thermisch stabil ausgestaltet, nachdem es durch den Laserstrahl 10 zu größerer Wärme kommen kann.The diverging element 9 is also designed to be thermally stable after the laser beam 10 can cause greater heat.

Die Fig. 3 und 4 zeigen ein gegenüber den Fig. 1 und 2 modifiziertes zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung 1', bei dem als hauptsächlicher Unterschied die Laserlichtquelle 2 einen Lichtleiter 4 aufweist, der Laserlicht der wenigstens einen Laserdiode 3 in den Bereich des Reflektors 5 führt. Der Strahlungskonverter 6 ist unmittelbar auf der Austrittsfläche des Lichtleiters 4 angeordnet. Durch den Lichtleiter 4 entsteht eine ringförmige oder ellipsenförmige Verteilung des Laserlichts.The 3 and 4 show one towards the 1 and 2 Modified second exemplary embodiment of an illumination device 1 ', in which the main difference is that the laser light source 2 has a light guide 4 which guides the laser light from the at least one laser diode 3 into the region of the reflector 5. The radiation converter 6 is arranged directly on the exit surface of the light guide 4. The light guide 4 creates an annular or elliptical distribution of the laser light.

Fällt mithin gemäß Fig. 4 der Strahlungskonverter 6 weg, trifft wiederum das Laserlicht dieser Strahlgeometrie auf das divergierende Element 9, welches gegenüber Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 in Abhängigkeit dieser Strahlgeometrie modifiziert ist, also in seiner konkreten Ausbildung, insbesondere dem Krümmungsradius, der Strahlgeometrie entsprechend ausgebildet ist. Beispielsweise kann bei einer ringförmigen Verteilung des Laserlichts eine Kugelform festen Radius als divergierendes Element 9 zweckmäßig sein.Therefore falls according to Fig. 4 the radiation converter 6 away, the laser light of this beam geometry hits the diverging element 9, which is opposite 1 and 2 is modified as a function of this beam geometry, that is to say in its specific configuration, in particular the radius of curvature, which is designed in accordance with the beam geometry. For example, with a circular distribution of the laser light, a spherical shape with a fixed radius can be expedient as a diverging element 9.

Fig. 5 zeigt ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel einer Beleuchtungseinrichtung 1", wobei der Einfachheit halber gleiche Bestandteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind. Fig. 5 zeigt dabei wiederum den Normalbetrieb, Fig. 6 den Fehlerbetrieb bei Wegfall oder Beschädigung des Strahlungskonverters 6. Obwohl dort wieder ein Lichtleiter gezeigt ist, kann die Ausführung des Schutzmittels selbstverständlich auch bei anderen Laserlichtquellen 2, beispielsweise der aus Fig. 1 und Fig. 2, eingesetzt werden. Fig. 5 shows a third embodiment of a lighting device 1 ", for the sake of simplicity the same components are provided with the same reference numerals. Fig. 5 again shows normal operation, Fig. 6 the fault operation when the radiation converter 6 is lost or damaged. Although a light guide is shown there again, the protective agent can of course also be used with other laser light sources 2, for example from 1 and 2 , are used.

Ersichtlich ist im dritten Ausführungsbeispiel der Reflektor 5 im Auftreffbereich 8 durchbrochen, wobei hinter der Durchbrechung eine als Absorptionskörper ausgebildete Strahlfalle 12 angeordnet ist, die vorliegend Teil eines ohnehin für die Beleuchtungseinrichtung vorgesehenen Kühlkörpers 13 bildet. Der Kühlkörper 13 besteht aus Aluminium und ist wenigstens im Bereich der Strahlfalle 12 rippenartig ausgebildet und geschwärzt. Die Strahlfalle 12 absorbiert, wie in Fig. 6 schematisch dargestellt ist, den größten Teil direkt einfallenden Laserlichts beziehungsweise sogar das gesamte Laserlicht.As can be seen in the third exemplary embodiment, the reflector 5 is penetrated in the impact area 8, a beam trap 12 designed as an absorption body being arranged behind the opening, which in the present case forms part of a heat sink 13 which is in any case provided for the lighting device. The heat sink 13 is made of aluminum and is rib-shaped and blackened at least in the area of the beam trap 12. The beam trap 12 absorbs as in Fig. 6 is shown schematically, the majority of directly incident laser light or even the entire laser light.

Es sei an dieser Stelle angemerkt, dass selbstverständlich auch andere, im Stand der Technik grundsätzlich bekannte Strahlfallen eingesetzt werden können.It should be noted at this point that other beam traps which are fundamentally known in the prior art can of course also be used.

Innerhalb der Strahlfalle 12 ist vorliegenden auch eine Messeinrichtung 14 für einfallendes Licht, hier ein Fotodetektor, vorgesehen. Die Messeinrichtung 14 nimmt Messdaten bezüglich des einfallenden Lichtes auf, welche durch eine mit der Messeinrichtung 14 verbundene Steuereinrichtung 15 ausgewertet werden. Die Steuereinrichtung 15 ermittelt das Vorliegen eines Defektes, insbesondere den Wegfall oder die Beschädigung des Strahlungskonverters 6, indem überprüft wird, ob wenigstens eine bestimmte Menge von Laserlicht, mithin unkonvertiertes Licht, auf der Messeinrichtung 14 eintrifft. Zur Beurteilung kann dabei zum einen das Spektrum des einfallenden Lichtes betrachtet werden, nachdem sich dieses zur Wellenlänge der verwendeten Laserdiode 3 hin verschoben wird. Zum anderen kann auch die Intensität des Lichtes betrachtet werden. Es werden geeignete Schwellwerte verwendet, bei deren Überschreitung beziehungsweise Unterschreitung ein Defekt im Sinne von Fig. 6 festgestellt wird. Tritt ein solcher Defekt auf, deaktiviert die Steuereinrichtung 15 die Laserlichtquelle 2.A measuring device 14 for incident light, in this case a photodetector, is also provided within the beam trap 12. The measuring device 14 records measurement data relating to the incident light, which are evaluated by a control device 15 connected to the measuring device 14. The control device 15 determines the presence of a defect, in particular the loss or damage of the radiation converter 6, by checking whether at least a certain amount of laser light, ie unconverted light, arrives at the measuring device 14. For the assessment, the spectrum of the incident light can be considered after it is shifted towards the wavelength of the laser diode 3 used. On the other hand, the intensity of the light can also be viewed. Suitable threshold values are used; if they are exceeded or undershot, a defect in the sense of Fig. 6 is detected. If such a defect occurs, the control device 15 deactivates the laser light source 2.

Es sei angemerkt, dass eine derartige Messeinrichtung 14, die Daten an eine Steuereinrichtung 15 liefert, welche dort ausgewertet werden, selbstverständlich grundsätzlich auch beim ersten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 oder beim zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 vorgesehen werden kann.It should be noted that such a measuring device 14, which supplies data to a control device 15, which are evaluated there, is of course also fundamentally also in the first embodiment 1 and 2 or in the second embodiment 3 and 4 can be provided.

Auch im dritten Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 ist der Reflektor 5 so geformt, dass durch die Durchbrechung entstehende Abbildungsfehler korrigiert werden.Also in the third embodiment 5 and 6 the reflector 5 is shaped in such a way that aberrations caused by the opening are corrected.

Fig. 7 zeigt als Ausschnittsskizze eine weitere Variante einer Strahlfalle, die unmittelbar auf den Reflektor 5 vorgesehen werden kann. Hierzu wird im Auftreffbereich 8 eine Beschichtung 16 vorgesehen, die grundsätzlich reflektierend ist, jedoch bei Überschreiten einer Grenztemperatur die Eigenschaften einer Strahlfalle annimmt. In diesem Fall wirkt der Reflektor 5 im Normalbetrieb noch wie ausgelegt reflektierend, so dass Abbildungsfehler vermieden werden, jedoch tritt im Fehlerfall dennoch ein Strahlfallen-Effekt auf. Fig. 7 shows a detail of a further variant of a beam trap, which can be provided directly on the reflector 5. For this purpose, a coating 16 is provided in the impact area 8, which is fundamentally reflective, but the properties if a limit temperature is exceeded a beam trap. In this case, the reflector 5 still acts as designed in normal operation, so that imaging errors are avoided, but a beam trap effect still occurs in the event of an error.

In einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel kann die Beschichtung 16 als Schicht auch eine Durchbrechung des Reflektors 5 überdecken und bei Überschreiten der Grenztemperatur zerstört werden, wobei die eigentliche Strahlfalle wie im Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 5 und Fig. 6 hinter der Beschichtung angeordnet ist.In a further exemplary embodiment, the coating 16 as a layer can also cover an opening in the reflector 5 and can be destroyed when the limit temperature is exceeded, the actual beam trap as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG 5 and 6 is arranged behind the coating.

Alternativ ist im Übrigen als divergierendes Element 9 eine divergierende Beschichtung des Reflektors 5 denkbar.Alternatively, a divergent coating of the reflector 5 is also conceivable as a divergent element 9.

Fig. 8 zeigt schließlich eine Prinzipskizze eines erfindungsgemäßen Kraftfahrzeugs 17, welches zwei Beleuchtungseinrichtungen 1, 1' beziehungsweise 1" als Frontscheinwerfer aufweist. Nichtsdestotrotz sei darauf hingewiesen, dass auch andere Beleuchtungseinrichtungen eines Kraftfahrzeugs gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung ausgestaltet werden können. Fig. 8 finally shows a schematic diagram of a motor vehicle 17 according to the invention, which has two lighting devices 1, 1 'and 1 "as headlights. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that other lighting devices of a motor vehicle can also be designed in accordance with the present invention.

Claims (8)

  1. Illumination device (1, 1') for a motor vehicle (17), including a laser light source (2) a radiation converter (6) containing a fluorescing material, in particular phosphorus, and a reflector (5), wherein laser light transmitted from the laser light source (2) is converted in the radiation converter (6) into, in particular white, secondary light which is more broadband in comparison to the laser light, and is diffused, which secondary light is diverted by the reflector (5) in a radiation direction of the illumination device (1, 1'), wherein in an impact region (8) of the reflector (5), which is exposed to the laser light if the radiation converter (6) fails, a protection means for reducing the light intensity of laser light radiated out from the illumination device (1, 1') is provided, should the radiation converter (6) fail or be damaged,
    characterised in
    that the reflector (5) is provided in the impact region with a coating (16) which reflects until a threshold temperature is exceeded, which coating, when the threshold temperature is exceeded, becomes permeable for the laser light when a protection means is disposed behind it which is in the form of a beam trap (12), and/or itself functions as a beam trap (12).
  2. Illumination device according to claim 1,
    characterised in
    that an exit surface of the laser light source (2) is connected directly with the radiation converter (6) and is directed onto the reflector (5) and/or that the radiation converter (6) has a Lambertian radiation pattern.
  3. Illumination device according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in
    that the beam trap (2) is an adsorbent body disposed behind the reflector (5) which has been broken through in the impact region (8).
  4. Illumination device according to claim 3,
    characterised in
    that the adsorbent body is at least one part of a cooling body (13), in particular of a black coloured aluminium cooling body (13) for the illumination device (1, 1').
  5. Illumination device according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in
    that the reflector (5) is formed to correct image defects resulting by means of the protection means.
  6. Illumination device according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterised in
    that in the impact region (8) and/or as part of the protection means is disposed a measuring device (14), in particular a photodetector, wherein a control device (15) controlling the operation of the laser light source (2) is designed to evaluate the measuring data of the measuring device (14) and to deactivate the laser light source (2) when a quantity, in particular exceeding a threshold value, of laser light is detected.
  7. Illumination device according to claim 6,
    characterised in
    that the control device (15) is designed to determine a spectrum and/or an intensity of the light impinging on the measuring device (14).
  8. Motor vehicle (17), including at least one illumination device (1, 1') according to any of the preceding claims.
EP14780762.2A 2013-10-02 2014-10-01 Illumination device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle Active EP3052853B1 (en)

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DE201310016423 DE102013016423A1 (en) 2013-10-02 2013-10-02 Lighting device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle
PCT/EP2014/002668 WO2015049048A1 (en) 2013-10-02 2014-10-01 Illumination device for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle

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