EP3052274B1 - Manual tool machine - Google Patents

Manual tool machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3052274B1
EP3052274B1 EP14772146.8A EP14772146A EP3052274B1 EP 3052274 B1 EP3052274 B1 EP 3052274B1 EP 14772146 A EP14772146 A EP 14772146A EP 3052274 B1 EP3052274 B1 EP 3052274B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hammer
impact
working position
racket
air access
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14772146.8A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3052274A1 (en
Inventor
Frank Kohlschmied
Markus Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
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Hilti AG
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Publication date
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Priority to EP14772146.8A priority Critical patent/EP3052274B1/en
Publication of EP3052274A1 publication Critical patent/EP3052274A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3052274B1 publication Critical patent/EP3052274B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/005—Arrangements for adjusting the stroke of the impulse member or for stopping the impact action when the tool is lifted from the working surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D16/00—Portable percussive machines with superimposed rotation, the rotational movement of the output shaft of a motor being modified to generate axial impacts on the tool bit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2217/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D2217/0011—Details of anvils, guide-sleeves or pistons
    • B25D2217/0015—Anvils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2217/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
    • B25D2217/0011—Details of anvils, guide-sleeves or pistons
    • B25D2217/0019—Guide-sleeves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/035—Bleeding holes, e.g. in piston guide-sleeves

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hand tool, in particular a hammer drill or a chisel hammer, which automatically deactivates a pneumatic percussion when a blank occurs, as described in the preamble of claim 1 and US 5,873,418 A .
  • the hand tool of the invention which contains the features of claim 1, has a tool holder for holding a tool along a working axis.
  • a motor-driven, pneumatic percussion has a driven by a motor exciter, coupled via a pneumatic chamber to the exciter racket and arranged on the working axis in the direction of impact behind the racket intermediate racket.
  • a ventilation opening connects a cavity between the racket and the intermediate racket with the environment.
  • a vent closing valve which is operated by the intermediate beater, is opened when the intermediate beater is pushed against the direction of impact to its working position.
  • the ventilation opening ensures in normal working mode that the air pushed in front of the racket can flow off without appreciable resistance and if the racket is retrieved without any significant resistance flowing back.
  • the resistance should be increased specifically if the hand tool is not in working mode.
  • the intermediate beater can leave the working position and consequently close the ventilation openings. The percussion now has to work against the air in front of the racket and loses its power.
  • the invention provides that the intermediate racket has a profiled jacket surface, with the intermediate racket in the working position does not cover the ventilation opening and covered in the direction of impact from the working position covers the ventilation opening.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a hammer drill 1 as an example of a chiseling hand tool.
  • the hammer drill 1 has a tool holder 2 , in which a shank end 3 of a tool, such as the drill 4 , can be used.
  • a primary drive of the hammer drill 1 is a motor 5 , which drives a striking mechanism 6 and an output shaft 7 .
  • a power supply of the motor 5 for example, by a battery pack .
  • a user can guide the hammer drill 1 by means of a handle 9 and take the hammer drill 1 is operated by means of a switch system 10th
  • the hammer drill 1 rotates the drill 4 continuously about a working axis 11 and can beat the drill 4 in the direction of impact 12 along the working axis 11 in a substrate.
  • the striking mechanism 6 and preferably the further drive components are arranged within a machine housing 13 .
  • Fig. 2 shows the exemplary pneumatic percussion 6 in a longitudinal section.
  • a bat 14 is guided in a percussion tube 15 along the working axis 11 .
  • the racket 14 seals circumferentially with the impact pipe 15 , preferably supports a sealing ring 16 in the periphery of the racket 14, the airtight seal.
  • the exciter 17 is designed for example as a piston, which is arranged in the impact tube 15 in the direction of impact 12 in front of the racket 14 .
  • the exciter 17 closes with the impact tube 15 also circumferentially airtight, for example, supported by a sealing ring 18 in its lateral surface.
  • the exciter 17 and the bat 14 in the percussion tube 15 between a pneumatic chamber 19 from.
  • the exciter 17 is motor-driven along the working axis 11 periodically moved back and forth.
  • the exciter 17 is coupled for example by means of a connecting rod 20 to an eccentric 21 .
  • the eccentric 21 is driven by the motor 5 .
  • a wobble finger can be coupled to the exciter 17 as a periodic drive.
  • the pneumatic chamber 19 is compressed and decompressed by the periodic movement of the exciter 17 .
  • the periodic changes in air pressure drive the bat 14 .
  • the racket 14 strikes an intermediate racket 22 (striker), which is arranged on the working axis 11 in the direction of impact 12 after the racket 14 .
  • the intermediate beater 22 is guided in a guide tube 23 along the working axis 11 .
  • the drill 4 or chisel is movably guided in the tool holder 2 on the working axis 11 and is, in operation, against the impact direction 12 at the intermediate rack 22 at.
  • the user or the dead weight of the hammer drill 1 press the tool 4 against the direction of impact 12 to the intermediate beater 22nd
  • the intermediate beater 22 is thereby brought into its working position, in which the intermediate beater 22 bears against the impact direction 12 against a stop 24 .
  • the stopper 24 may be provided with a damper 25 .
  • the racket 14 strikes the intermediate racket 22 in its working position.
  • the working position is chosen such that the time of flight of the bat 14 between two beats and the periodic movement of the exciter 17 are synchronous.
  • the restoring force that holds the intermediate beater 22 in its working position is missing.
  • the intermediate beater 22 can slip in the direction of impact 12 from the working position.
  • a catcher 26 is provided, to which the intermediate beater 22 comes to rest in the direction of impact 12 .
  • the bat 14 now does not strike the intermediate beater 22 at the point of impact, as a result of which the flying time for the beater 14 increases with respect to the periodic movement of the pathogen 17 .
  • the pneumatic percussion 6 tends to turn off.
  • the bat 14 can advance in the direction of impact 12 over its usual impact point and thereby releasing a ventilation opening 27 , which allows air to flow from the environment into the pneumatic chamber 19 .
  • the impact tube 15 for exciter 17 and bat 14 and the guide tube 23 for the intermediate beater 22 are connected together.
  • the exemplified impact tube 15 is inserted into the guide tube 23 .
  • the tubes 15 , 23 may be screwed, soldered or welded.
  • a further embodiment provides, impact tube 15 and guide tube 23 monolithically contiguous, ie without joining produce.
  • the intermediate beater 22 has a sealing ring 28 in its circumference, which is intended in particular to prevent the ingress of dust.
  • the racket 14 and the intermediate racket 22 thus close a cavity 29 between them in the tubes 15 , 23 .
  • the cavity 29 has one or more ventilation openings 30 , which are arranged in the impact tube 15 or the guide tube 23 .
  • the volume of the cavity 29 changes periodically with the movement of the racket 14 . So that during operation no counterforce can build up to the movement of the racket 14 due to the pressure in the cavity 29 , the ventilation openings aerate the cavity 29 into the environment.
  • the environment is, for example, the interior of the machine housing 13 or outside of the power tool 1 .
  • the ventilation openings 30 are arranged in the direction of impact 12 after the impact point of the racket 14 . The pushed by the racket 14 air can escape during the entire movement of the racket 14 from the ventilation openings 30 .
  • the ventilation openings 30 are arranged in the direction of impact 12 in front of or the sealing rings 28 of the intermediate beater 22 when the intermediate beater 22 is in the working position.
  • the ventilation openings 30 are preferably radial bores in the tube 15 , 23 . Their short dimension reduces a throttle effect and thus a sufficient flow velocity.
  • the ventilation openings 30 may also be formed as a partially axially extending channel.
  • the inwardly facing mouth opening is arranged opening into the cavity 29 as mentioned above and optionally axially offset the other opening.
  • the impact mechanism 6 has a valve 31 which closes the ventilation openings 30 when the intermediate beater 22 is displaced from the working position. This causes the bat 14 to apply a force against the pressure conditions both in its movement in the direction of impact 12 and against the direction of impact 12 .
  • the racket 14 slows down, whereby its time of flight in addition to the periodic movement of the exciter 17 is asynchronous.
  • the shifting of the intermediate beater 22 is likely to take place on account of a beating by the beater 14 that has just taken place. The bat 14 is thus still in the point of impact when the valve 31 through the Intermediate racket 22 is closed.
  • the pressure conditions in the adjacent to the racket 14 cavity 29 keep the racket 14 in a position near the impact point, for example in the direction of impact 12 against the impact point shifted.
  • the racket 14 may abut a catcher 32 in the direction of impact 12 .
  • Fig. 2 shows in the two-part representation above the intermediate beater 22 in working position and below in a non-working position.
  • the valve 31 includes a channel 33 and a closure body 34 .
  • the channel 33 leads in the radial direction up to the intermediate beater 22 .
  • the closure body 34 forms the lateral surface of the intermediate beater 22 .
  • the lateral surface has in the direction of impact 12 successively an annular first portion 35 with a larger radius and an annular second portion 36 with a smaller radius.
  • the second portion 36 and the mouth opening are radially spaced so that air from the channel can enter or exit the cavity 29 . If the intermediate beater 22 is displaced from the working position, the first portion 36 of the lateral surface bears against the mouth opening of the channel 33 .
  • the radius of the first section 35 corresponds to the distance of the mouth opening to the working axis 11 .
  • the channel 33 is closed.
  • the valve 31 seals the cavity 29 .
  • the valve 31 may have a sealing ring 37 with an inner radius equal to the radius of the first portion 35 , which is arranged in the direction of impact 12 in front of the mouth opening.
  • Fig. 3 shows in a longitudinal section the striking mechanism 6 with a non-inventive valve 38th
  • the valve 38 is opened when the intermediate beater 22 is in the working position, and is closed when the intermediate beater 22 is displaced in the direction of impact 12 from the working position.
  • the cavity 29 between the beater 14 and the intermediate beater 22 is vented or non-vented through the ventilation openings 30 depending on the switching position of the valve 38 .
  • the valve 38 has a channel 39 which opens into the cavity 29 with an orifice.
  • a sleeve 40 forms the closure body of the valve 38 .
  • the sleeve 40 is disposed in the guide tube 23 and movable along the working axis 11 .
  • a spring 41 pushes the sleeve 40 in the direction of impact 12th
  • the sleeve 40 covers the mouth of the channel 39 and closes in this way the valve 38th
  • the valve 38 is automatically closing.
  • the sleeve 40 has a collar 42 which projects radially inward.
  • the intermediate beater 22 is opposite to the direction of impact 12 on the collar 42 .
  • the intermediate beater 22 moves the sleeve 40 against the force of the spring 41 to get into its working position.
  • the sleeve 40 is opposite the mouth opening of the channel 39 offset from the direction of impact 12 when the intermediate beater 22 is in the working position. The mouth opening is exposed, and the cavity 29 is vented via the valve 38 .
  • Fig. 4 shows a further non-inventive modification.
  • the impact mechanism 6 has, for example, a cup-shaped pathogen 43 .
  • the exciter 43 has a cylindrical, open in the direction of impact 12 interior, in which the racket 14 is inserted.
  • the pneumatic chamber 19 is the closed by the racket 14 interior.
  • the point of impact of the racket 14 is defined by the intermediate rack 22 as in the previous embodiments.
  • the cavity 29 between the beater 14 and the intermediate beater 22 is provided with the ventilation openings 30 to allow a pressure equalization of the cavity 29 with the environment during operation of the impact mechanism 6 .
  • a valve 44 closes the ventilation openings 30 , except for the intermediate beaters 22 abuts against the stop 24 , ie is in its working position.
  • the valve 44 has a channel 45 , which adjoins the ventilation opening 30 .
  • a shift rod 46 forms a closure body of the valve 44 .
  • the shift rod 46 is movable parallel to the working axis 11 and passes through the channel 45 .
  • the shift rod 46 has a thicker portion 47 , which can completely close the channel 45 , and a tapered portion 48 adjoining in the direction of impact 12 , which only partially closes the channel 45 .
  • a spring 49 presses the shift rod 46 in the direction of impact 12th
  • the valve 44 is self-closing because the spring 49 positions the thicker portion 47 in the channel 45 .
  • a pointing in the direction of impact 12 tip 50 of the shift rod 46 protrudes into the guide of the intermediate beater 22 in.
  • the intermediate beater 22 in working position shifts the shift rod 46 against the force of the spring 49th
  • the tapered portion 48 lies in the channel 45 , so that air can flow around the shift rod 46 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Description

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Handwerkzeugmaschine, insbesondere einen Bohrhammer oder einen Meißelhammer, welche selbsttätig ein pneumatisches Schlagwerk deaktiviert, sobald ein Leerschlag auftritt, wie in dem Oberbegriff aus Anspruch 1 beschrieben und aus US 5,873,418 A , EP 1 754 575 A2 oder WO 2008/123255 A1 bekannt.The present invention relates to a hand tool, in particular a hammer drill or a chisel hammer, which automatically deactivates a pneumatic percussion when a blank occurs, as described in the preamble of claim 1 and US 5,873,418 A . EP 1 754 575 A2 or WO 2008/123255 A1 known.

OFFENBARUNG DER ERFINDUNGDISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

Die erfindungsgemäße Handwerkzeugmaschine, die die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 enthält, hat eine Werkzeugaufnahme zum Haltern eines Werkzeuges längs einer Arbeitsachse. Ein motor-getriebenes, pneumatisches Schlagwerk hat einen von einem Motor getriebenen Erreger, einen über eine pneumatische Kammer an den Erreger angekoppelten Schläger und einen auf der Arbeitsachse in Schlagrichtung hinter dem Schläger angeordneten Zwischenschläger. Eine Belüftungsöffnung verbindet einen Hohlraum zwischen dem Schläger und dem Zwischenschläger mit der Umgebung. Ein die Belüftungsöffnung verschließendes Ventil,,, welches von dem Zwischenschläger betätigt geöffnet ist, wenn der Zwischenschläger entgegen der Schlagrichtung in seine Arbeitsstellung geschoben ist. Die Belüftungsöffnung sorgt im normalen Arbeitsbetrieb dafür, dass die vor dem Schläger hergeschobenen Luft ohne nennenswerten Widerstand abfließen kann und wenn der Schläger rückgeholt wird ohne nennenswerten Widerstand zurückfließt. Der Widerstand soll gezielt erhöht werden, wenn die Handwerkzeugmaschine nicht im Arbeitsbetrieb ist. Sobald das Werkzeug von dem Anwender nicht gegen den Untergrund angepresst wird, kann der Zwischenschläger die Arbeitsstellung verlassen und in Folge dabei die Belüftungsöffnungen verschließen. Das Schlagwerk muss nun gegen die Luft vor dem Schläger arbeiten und verliert dabei an Kraft.The hand tool of the invention, which contains the features of claim 1, has a tool holder for holding a tool along a working axis. A motor-driven, pneumatic percussion has a driven by a motor exciter, coupled via a pneumatic chamber to the exciter racket and arranged on the working axis in the direction of impact behind the racket intermediate racket. A ventilation opening connects a cavity between the racket and the intermediate racket with the environment. A vent closing valve, which is operated by the intermediate beater, is opened when the intermediate beater is pushed against the direction of impact to its working position. The ventilation opening ensures in normal working mode that the air pushed in front of the racket can flow off without appreciable resistance and if the racket is retrieved without any significant resistance flowing back. The resistance should be increased specifically if the hand tool is not in working mode. As soon as the tool is not pressed against the ground by the user, the intermediate beater can leave the working position and consequently close the ventilation openings. The percussion now has to work against the air in front of the racket and loses its power.

Die Erfindung sieht vor, dass der Zwischenschläger eine profilierte Mantelfläche, aufweist, mit der Zwischenschläger in Arbeitsstellung die Belüftungsöffnung nicht abdeckt und in Schlagrichtung verschoben aus der Arbeitsstellung die Belüftungsöffnung bedeckt.The invention provides that the intermediate racket has a profiled jacket surface, with the intermediate racket in the working position does not cover the ventilation opening and covered in the direction of impact from the working position covers the ventilation opening.

KURZE BESCHREIBUNG DER FIGURENBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Die nachfolgende Beschreibung erläutert die Erfindung anhand von exemplarischen Ausführungsformen und Figuren. In den Figuren zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Bohrhammer
Fig. 2
ein Schlagwerk
Fig. 3
ein Schlagwerk
Fig. 4
ein Schlagwerk
The following description explains the invention with reference to exemplary embodiments and figures. In the figures show:
Fig. 1
a hammer drill
Fig. 2
a striking mechanism
Fig. 3
a striking mechanism
Fig. 4
a striking mechanism

Gleiche oder funktionsgleiche Elemente werden durch gleiche Bezugszeichen in den Figuren indiziert, soweit nicht anders angegeben.Identical or functionally identical elements are indicated by the same reference numerals in the figures, unless stated otherwise.

AUSFÜHRUNGSFORMEN DER ERFINDUNGEMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Fig. 1 zeigt als Beispiel einer meißelnden Handwerkzeugmaschine schematisch einen Bohrhammer 1. Der Bohrhammer 1 hat eine Werkzeugaufnahme 2, in welche ein Schaftende 3 eines Werkzeug, z.B. des Bohrers 4, eingesetzt werden kann. Einen primären Antrieb des Bohrhammers 1 bildet ein Motor 5, welcher ein Schlagwerk 6 und eine Abtriebswelle 7 antreibt. Eine Stromversorgung des Motors 5 erfolgt beispielsweise durch eine Batteriepaket 8. Ein Anwender kann den Bohrhammer 1 mittels eines Handgriffs 9 führen und mittels eines Systemschalters 10 den Bohrhammer 1 in Betrieb nehmen. Im Betrieb dreht der Bohrhammer 1 den Bohrer 4 kontinuierlich um eine Arbeitsachse 11 und kann dabei den Bohrer 4 in Schlagrichtung 12 längs der Arbeitsachse 11 in einen Untergrund schlagen. Das Schlagwerk 6 und vorzugsweise die weiteren Antriebskomponenten sind innerhalb eines Maschinengehäuses 13 angeordnet. Fig. 1 schematically shows a hammer drill 1 as an example of a chiseling hand tool. The hammer drill 1 has a tool holder 2 , in which a shank end 3 of a tool, such as the drill 4 , can be used. A primary drive of the hammer drill 1 is a motor 5 , which drives a striking mechanism 6 and an output shaft 7 . A power supply of the motor 5 , for example, by a battery pack . 8 A user can guide the hammer drill 1 by means of a handle 9 and take the hammer drill 1 is operated by means of a switch system 10th In operation, the hammer drill 1 rotates the drill 4 continuously about a working axis 11 and can beat the drill 4 in the direction of impact 12 along the working axis 11 in a substrate. The striking mechanism 6 and preferably the further drive components are arranged within a machine housing 13 .

Fig. 2 zeigt das beispielhafte pneumatische Schlagwerk 6 in einem Längsschnitt. Ein Schläger 14 ist in einem Schlagrohr 15 längs der Arbeitsachse 11 geführt. Der Schläger 14 dichtet umfänglich mit dem Schlagrohr 15 ab, vorzugsweise unterstützt ein Dichtring 16 in dem Umfang des Schlägers 14 den luftdichten Abschluss. Der Erreger 17 ist beispielsweise als Kolben ausgebildet, der in dem Schlagrohr 15 in Schlagrichtung 12 vor dem Schläger 14 angeordnet ist. Der Erreger 17 schließt mit dem Schlagrohr 15 ebenfalls umfänglich luftdicht ab, beispielsweise unterstützt durch einen Dichtring 18 in seiner Mantelfläche. Der Erreger 17 und der Schläger 14 schließen in dem Schlagrohr 15 zwischen sich eine pneumatische Kammer 19 ab. Der Erreger 17 wird motorgetrieben längs der Arbeitsachse 11 periodisch vor- und zurückbewegt. Der Erreger 17 ist beispielsweise mittels eines Pleuels 20 an ein Exzenterrad 21 angekoppelt. Das Exzenterrad 21 wird von dem Motor 5 angetrieben. Anstelle eines Exzenterrads 21 kann beispielsweise ein Taumelfinger als periodischer Antrieb an den Erreger 17 gekoppelt sein. Die pneumatische Kammer 19 wird durch die periodische Bewegung des Erregers 17 komprimiert und dekomprimiert. Die periodischen Luftdruckänderungen treiben den Schläger 14 an. Fig. 2 shows the exemplary pneumatic percussion 6 in a longitudinal section. A bat 14 is guided in a percussion tube 15 along the working axis 11 . The racket 14 seals circumferentially with the impact pipe 15 , preferably supports a sealing ring 16 in the periphery of the racket 14, the airtight seal. The exciter 17 is designed for example as a piston, which is arranged in the impact tube 15 in the direction of impact 12 in front of the racket 14 . The exciter 17 closes with the impact tube 15 also circumferentially airtight, for example, supported by a sealing ring 18 in its lateral surface. The exciter 17 and the bat 14 in the percussion tube 15 between a pneumatic chamber 19 from. The exciter 17 is motor-driven along the working axis 11 periodically moved back and forth. The exciter 17 is coupled for example by means of a connecting rod 20 to an eccentric 21 . The eccentric 21 is driven by the motor 5 . Instead of an eccentric wheel 21 , for example, a wobble finger can be coupled to the exciter 17 as a periodic drive. The pneumatic chamber 19 is compressed and decompressed by the periodic movement of the exciter 17 . The periodic changes in air pressure drive the bat 14 .

Der Schläger 14 schlägt auf einen Zwischenschläger 22 (Döpper), welcher auf der Arbeitsachse 11 in Schlagrichtung 12 nach dem Schläger 14 angeordnet ist. Der Zwischenschläger 22 ist in einem Führungsrohr 23 längs der Arbeitsachse 11 geführt. Der Bohrer 4 oder Meißel ist in der Werkzeugaufnahme 2 auf der Arbeitsachse 11 beweglich geführt und liegt, im Betrieb, entgegen der Schlagrichtung 12 an dem Zwischenschläger 22 an. Der Anwender oder das Eigengewicht des Bohrhammers 1 drücken das Werkzeug 4 entgegen der Schlagrichtung 12 an den Zwischenschläger 22. Der Zwischenschläger 22 wird hierdurch in seine Arbeitsstellung gebracht, in welcher der Zwischenschläger 22 entgegen der Schlagrichtung 12 an einem Anschlag 24 anliegt. Der Anschlag 24 kann mit einem Dämpfer 25 versehen sein. Der Schläger 14 schlägt auf den Zwischenschläger 22 in dessen Arbeitsstellung auf. Die Arbeitsstellung ist derart gewählt, dass die Flugzeit des Schlägers 14 zwischen zwei Schlägen und die periodische Bewegung des Erregers 17 synchron sind. Sobald der Anwender das Werkzeug von einem Untergrund abhebt, fehlt die rückstellende Kraft, welche den Zwischenschläger 22 in seiner Arbeitsstellung hält. Der Zwischenschläger 22 kann in Schlagrichtung 12 aus der Arbeitsstellung verrutschen. Vorzugsweise ist ein Fänger 26 vorgesehen, an welchen der Zwischenschläger 22 in Schlagrichtung 12 zum Anliegen kommt. Der Schläger 14 trifft nun im Schlagpunkt nicht auf den Zwischenschläger 22, wodurch sich die Flugzeit für den Schläger 14 gegenüber der periodischen Bewegung des Erregers 17 erhöht. Das pneumatische Schlagwerk 6 tendiert sich abzuschalten. Der Schläger 14 kann in Schlagrichtung 12 über seinen üblichen Schlagpunkt vorrücken und dabei eine Belüftungsöffnung 27 freigeben, welche Luft aus der Umgebung in die pneumatische Kammer 19 einströmen lässt.The racket 14 strikes an intermediate racket 22 (striker), which is arranged on the working axis 11 in the direction of impact 12 after the racket 14 . The intermediate beater 22 is guided in a guide tube 23 along the working axis 11 . The drill 4 or chisel is movably guided in the tool holder 2 on the working axis 11 and is, in operation, against the impact direction 12 at the intermediate rack 22 at. The user or the dead weight of the hammer drill 1 press the tool 4 against the direction of impact 12 to the intermediate beater 22nd The intermediate beater 22 is thereby brought into its working position, in which the intermediate beater 22 bears against the impact direction 12 against a stop 24 . The stopper 24 may be provided with a damper 25 . The racket 14 strikes the intermediate racket 22 in its working position. The working position is chosen such that the time of flight of the bat 14 between two beats and the periodic movement of the exciter 17 are synchronous. Once the user lifts the tool from a ground, the restoring force that holds the intermediate beater 22 in its working position is missing. The intermediate beater 22 can slip in the direction of impact 12 from the working position. Preferably, a catcher 26 is provided, to which the intermediate beater 22 comes to rest in the direction of impact 12 . The bat 14 now does not strike the intermediate beater 22 at the point of impact, as a result of which the flying time for the beater 14 increases with respect to the periodic movement of the pathogen 17 . The pneumatic percussion 6 tends to turn off. The bat 14 can advance in the direction of impact 12 over its usual impact point and thereby releasing a ventilation opening 27 , which allows air to flow from the environment into the pneumatic chamber 19 .

Das Schlagrohr 15 für Erreger 17 und Schläger 14 und das Führungsrohr 23 für den Zwischenschläger 22 sind miteinander verbunden. Das beispielhaft dargestellte Schlagrohr 15 ist in das Führungsrohr 23 gesteckt. Alternativ oder ergänzend können die Rohre 15, 23 verschraubt, verlötet oder verschweißet sein. Eine weitere Ausgestaltung sieht vor, Schlagrohr 15 und Führungsrohr 23 monolithisch zusammenhängend, d.h. ohne Fügung, herzustellen. Der Zwischenschläger 22 hat einen Dichtring 28 in seinem Umfang, welcher insbesondere das Eindringen von Staub verhindern soll. Der Schläger 14 und der Zwischenschläger 22 schließen somit zwischen sich in den Rohren 15, 23 einen Hohlraum 29 ab. Der Hohlraum 29 hat ein oder mehrere Belüftungsöffnungen 30, welche in dem Schlagrohr 15 oder dem Führungsrohr 23 angeordnet sind. Das Volumen des Hohlraums 29 ändert sich periodisch mit der Bewegung des Schlägers 14. Damit sich während des Betriebs keine Gegenkraft zu der Bewegung des Schlägers 14 aufgrund des Drucks in dem Hohlraum 29 aufbauen kann, belüften die Belüftungsöffnungen den Hohlraum 29 in die Umgebung. Die Umgebung ist beispielsweise der Innenraum des Maschinengehäuses 13 oder außerhalb der Handwerkzeugmaschine 1. Die Belüftungsöffnungen 30 sind in Schlagrichtung 12 nach dem Schlagpunkt des Schlägers 14 angeordnet. Die von dem Schläger 14 vor sich hergeschobene Luft kann während der gesamten Bewegung des Schlägers 14 aus den Belüftungsöffnungen 30 entweichen. Die Belüftungsöffnungen 30 sind in Schlagrichtung 12 vor dem oder den Dichtringen 28 des Zwischenschlägers 22 angeordnet, wenn der Zwischenschläger 22 in Arbeitsstellung ist. Die Belüftungsöffnungen 30 sind vorzugsweise radiale Bohrungen in dem Rohr 15, 23. Deren kurze Abmessung vermindert eine Drosselwirkung und damit eine ausreichende Strömungsgeschwindigkeit. Der Belüftungsöffnungen 30 können auch als teilweise axial verlaufender Kanal ausgebildet sein. Die nach innen weisende Mündungsöffnung ist wie oben angegeben in den Hohlraum 29 mündend angeordnet und die andere Öffnung gegebenenfalls axial versetzt.The impact tube 15 for exciter 17 and bat 14 and the guide tube 23 for the intermediate beater 22 are connected together. The exemplified impact tube 15 is inserted into the guide tube 23 . Alternatively or additionally, the tubes 15 , 23 may be screwed, soldered or welded. A further embodiment provides, impact tube 15 and guide tube 23 monolithically contiguous, ie without joining produce. The intermediate beater 22 has a sealing ring 28 in its circumference, which is intended in particular to prevent the ingress of dust. The racket 14 and the intermediate racket 22 thus close a cavity 29 between them in the tubes 15 , 23 . The cavity 29 has one or more ventilation openings 30 , which are arranged in the impact tube 15 or the guide tube 23 . The volume of the cavity 29 changes periodically with the movement of the racket 14 . So that during operation no counterforce can build up to the movement of the racket 14 due to the pressure in the cavity 29 , the ventilation openings aerate the cavity 29 into the environment. The environment is, for example, the interior of the machine housing 13 or outside of the power tool 1 . The ventilation openings 30 are arranged in the direction of impact 12 after the impact point of the racket 14 . The pushed by the racket 14 air can escape during the entire movement of the racket 14 from the ventilation openings 30 . The ventilation openings 30 are arranged in the direction of impact 12 in front of or the sealing rings 28 of the intermediate beater 22 when the intermediate beater 22 is in the working position. The ventilation openings 30 are preferably radial bores in the tube 15 , 23 . Their short dimension reduces a throttle effect and thus a sufficient flow velocity. The ventilation openings 30 may also be formed as a partially axially extending channel. The inwardly facing mouth opening is arranged opening into the cavity 29 as mentioned above and optionally axially offset the other opening.

Das Schlagwerk 6 weist ein Ventil 31 auf, welches die Belüftungsöffnungen 30 verschließt, wenn der Zwischenschläger 22 aus der Arbeitsstellung verschoben ist. Dies bewirkt, dass der Schläger 14 gegen die Druckverhältnisse sowohl bei seiner Bewegung in Schlagrichtung 12 als auch gegen die Schlagrichtung 12 eine Kraft aufbringen muss. Der Schläger 14 wird langsamer, wodurch seine Flugzeit zusätzlich gegenüber der periodischen Bewegung des Erregers 17 asynchron wird. Das Verschieben des Zwischenschlägers 22 erfolgt voraussichtlich aufgrund eines gerade erfolgten Schlages durch den Schläger 14. Der Schläger 14 ist somit noch in der Schlagpunkt, wenn das Ventil 31 durch den Zwischenschläger 22 geschlossen wird. Die Druckverhältnisse in dem an den Schläger 14 angrenzenden Hohlraum 29 halten den Schläger 14 in einer Stellung nahe der Schlagpunkt, beispielsweise in Schlagrichtung 12 gegenüber der Schlagpunkt verschoben. Der Schläger 14 kann an einem Fänger 32 in Schlagrichtung 12 anliegen.The impact mechanism 6 has a valve 31 which closes the ventilation openings 30 when the intermediate beater 22 is displaced from the working position. This causes the bat 14 to apply a force against the pressure conditions both in its movement in the direction of impact 12 and against the direction of impact 12 . The racket 14 slows down, whereby its time of flight in addition to the periodic movement of the exciter 17 is asynchronous. The shifting of the intermediate beater 22 is likely to take place on account of a beating by the beater 14 that has just taken place. The bat 14 is thus still in the point of impact when the valve 31 through the Intermediate racket 22 is closed. The pressure conditions in the adjacent to the racket 14 cavity 29 keep the racket 14 in a position near the impact point, for example in the direction of impact 12 against the impact point shifted. The racket 14 may abut a catcher 32 in the direction of impact 12 .

Fig. 2 zeigt in der zweiteiligen Darstellung oben den Zwischenschläger 22 in Arbeitsstellung und unten in einer Nicht-Arbeitsstellung. Das Ventil 31 beinhaltet einen Kanal 33 und einen Verschlusskörper 34. Der Kanal 33 führt in radialer Richtung bis zu dem Zwischenschläger 22. Den Verschlusskörper 34 bildet die Mantelfläche des Zwischenschlägers 22. Die Mantelfläche hat in Schlagrichtung 12 aufeinanderfolgend einen ringförmigen ersten Abschnitt 35 mit einem größeren Radius und einen ringförmigen zweiten Abschnitt 36 mit einem geringeren Radius. Mit dem Zwischenschläger 22 in Arbeitsstellung ist der erste Abschnitt 35 in Schlagrichtung 12 vor einer Mündungsöffnung des Kanals 33, der zweite Abschnitt 36 liegt auf axialer Höhe mit der Mündungsöffnung. Der zweite Abschnitt 36 und die Mündungsöffnung sind radial beabstandet, so dass Luft aus dem Kanal in den Hohlraum 29 eintreten bzw. austreten kann. Ist der Zwischenschläger 22 aus der Arbeitsstellung verschoben, liegt der erste Abschnitt 36 der Mantelfläche an der Mündungsöffnung des Kanals 33 an. Der Radius des ersten Abschnitts 35 entspricht dem Abstand der Mündungsöffnung zu der Arbeitsachse 11. Der Kanal 33 ist verschlossen. Das Ventil 31 dichtet den Hohlraum 29 ab. Das Ventil 31 kann einen Dichtungsring 37 mit einem Innenradius gleich dem Radius des ersten Abschnitts 35 aufweisen, der in Schlagrichtung 12 vor der Mündungsöffnung angeordnet ist. Fig. 2 shows in the two-part representation above the intermediate beater 22 in working position and below in a non-working position. The valve 31 includes a channel 33 and a closure body 34 . The channel 33 leads in the radial direction up to the intermediate beater 22 . The closure body 34 forms the lateral surface of the intermediate beater 22 . The lateral surface has in the direction of impact 12 successively an annular first portion 35 with a larger radius and an annular second portion 36 with a smaller radius. With the intermediate beater 22 in working position, the first portion 35 in the direction of impact 12 in front of a mouth opening of the channel 33 , the second portion 36 is at the axial height with the mouth opening. The second portion 36 and the mouth opening are radially spaced so that air from the channel can enter or exit the cavity 29 . If the intermediate beater 22 is displaced from the working position, the first portion 36 of the lateral surface bears against the mouth opening of the channel 33 . The radius of the first section 35 corresponds to the distance of the mouth opening to the working axis 11 . The channel 33 is closed. The valve 31 seals the cavity 29 . The valve 31 may have a sealing ring 37 with an inner radius equal to the radius of the first portion 35 , which is arranged in the direction of impact 12 in front of the mouth opening.

Fig. 3 zeigt in einem Längsschnitt das Schlagwerk 6 mit einem nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ventil 38. Das Ventil 38 ist geöffnet, wenn der Zwischenschläger 22 in der Arbeitsstellung ist, und ist geschlossen, wenn der Zwischenschläger 22 in Schlagrichtung 12 aus der Arbeitsstellung verschoben ist. Der Hohlraum 29 zwischen dem Schläger 14 und dem Zwischenschläger 22 ist durch die Belüftungsöffnungen 30 je nach Schaltstellung des Ventils 38 belüftet oder nicht-belüftet. Das Ventil 38 hat einen Kanal 39, der sich mit einer Mündungsöffnung in den Hohlraum 29 öffnet. Eine Hülse 40 bildet den Verschlusskörper des Ventils 38. Die Hülse 40 ist in dem Führungsrohr 23 angeordnet und längs der Arbeitsachse 11 beweglich. Eine Feder 41 drückt die Hülse 40 in Schlagrichtung 12. Die Hülse 40 überdeckt die Mündungsöffnung des Kanals 39 und verschließt auf diese Weise das Ventil 38. Das Ventil 38 ist selbsttätig schließend. Die Hülse 40 hat einen Kragen 42, welcher radial nach Innen vorsteht. Der Zwischenschläger 22 liegt entgegen der Schlagrichtung 12 an dem Kragen 42. Der Zwischenschläger 22 verschiebt die Hülse 40 gegen die Kraft der Feder 41, um in seine Arbeitsstellung zu gelangen. Die Hülse 40 ist gegenüber der Mündungsöffnung des Kanals 39 entgegen der Schlagrichtung 12 versetzt, wenn der Zwischenschläger 22 in Arbeitsstellung ist. Die Mündungsöffnung liegt frei, und der Hohlraum 29 ist über das Ventil 38 belüftet. Fig. 3 shows in a longitudinal section the striking mechanism 6 with a non-inventive valve 38th The valve 38 is opened when the intermediate beater 22 is in the working position, and is closed when the intermediate beater 22 is displaced in the direction of impact 12 from the working position. The cavity 29 between the beater 14 and the intermediate beater 22 is vented or non-vented through the ventilation openings 30 depending on the switching position of the valve 38 . The valve 38 has a channel 39 which opens into the cavity 29 with an orifice. A sleeve 40 forms the closure body of the valve 38 . The sleeve 40 is disposed in the guide tube 23 and movable along the working axis 11 . A spring 41 pushes the sleeve 40 in the direction of impact 12th The sleeve 40 covers the mouth of the channel 39 and closes in this way the valve 38th The valve 38 is automatically closing. The sleeve 40 has a collar 42 which projects radially inward. The intermediate beater 22 is opposite to the direction of impact 12 on the collar 42 . The intermediate beater 22 moves the sleeve 40 against the force of the spring 41 to get into its working position. The sleeve 40 is opposite the mouth opening of the channel 39 offset from the direction of impact 12 when the intermediate beater 22 is in the working position. The mouth opening is exposed, and the cavity 29 is vented via the valve 38 .

Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere nicht erfindungsgemäße Abwandlung. Das Schlagwerk 6 hat beispielsweise einen topfförmigen Erreger 43. Der Erreger 43 hat einen zylindrischen, in Schlagrichtung 12 offenen Innenraum, in welchen der Schläger 14 eingesetzt ist. Die pneumatische Kammer 19 ist der von dem Schläger 14 abgeschlossene Innenraum. Der Schlagpunkt des Schlägers 14 ist gleich den vorherigen Ausführungsformen durch den Zwischenschläger 22 definiert. Der Hohlraum 29 zwischen dem Schläger 14 und dem Zwischenschläger 22 ist mit den Belüftungsöffnungen 30 versehen, um einen Druckausgleich des Hohlraums 29 mit der Umgebung während des Betriebs des Schlagwerks 6 zu ermöglichen. Ein Ventil 44 verschließt die Belüftungsöffnungen 30, außer der Zwischenschläger 22 liegt an dem Anschlag 24 an, d.h. ist in seiner Arbeitsstellung. Das Ventil 44 hat einen Kanal 45, der sich an die Belüftungsöffnung 30 anschließt. Eine Schaltstange 46 bildet einen Verschlusskörper des Ventils 44. Die Schaltstange 46 ist parallel zu der Arbeitsachse 11 beweglich und verläuft durch den Kanal 45. Die Schaltstange 46 hat einen dickeren Abschnitt 47, welcher den Kanal 45 vollständig verschließen kann, und einen sich in Schlagrichtung 12 anschließenden verjüngten Abschnitt 48, welcher den Kanal 45 nur teilweise verschließen kann. Eine Feder 49 drückt die Schaltstange 46 in Schlagrichtung 12. Das Ventil 44 ist selbsttätig schließend, da die Feder 49 den dickeren Abschnitt 47 in dem Kanal 45 positioniert. Eine in Schlagrichtung 12 weisende Spitze 50 der Schaltstange 46 ragt in die Führung des Zwischenschläger 22 hinein. Der Zwischenschläger 22 in Arbeitsstellung verschiebt die Schaltstange 46 gegen die Kraft der Feder 49. Der verjüngte Abschnitt 48 liegt dabei im Kanal 45, so dass Luft die Schaltstange 46 umströmen kann. Fig. 4 shows a further non-inventive modification. The impact mechanism 6 has, for example, a cup-shaped pathogen 43 . The exciter 43 has a cylindrical, open in the direction of impact 12 interior, in which the racket 14 is inserted. The pneumatic chamber 19 is the closed by the racket 14 interior. The point of impact of the racket 14 is defined by the intermediate rack 22 as in the previous embodiments. The cavity 29 between the beater 14 and the intermediate beater 22 is provided with the ventilation openings 30 to allow a pressure equalization of the cavity 29 with the environment during operation of the impact mechanism 6 . A valve 44 closes the ventilation openings 30 , except for the intermediate beaters 22 abuts against the stop 24 , ie is in its working position. The valve 44 has a channel 45 , which adjoins the ventilation opening 30 . A shift rod 46 forms a closure body of the valve 44 . The shift rod 46 is movable parallel to the working axis 11 and passes through the channel 45 . The shift rod 46 has a thicker portion 47 , which can completely close the channel 45 , and a tapered portion 48 adjoining in the direction of impact 12 , which only partially closes the channel 45 . A spring 49 presses the shift rod 46 in the direction of impact 12th The valve 44 is self-closing because the spring 49 positions the thicker portion 47 in the channel 45 . A pointing in the direction of impact 12 tip 50 of the shift rod 46 protrudes into the guide of the intermediate beater 22 in. The intermediate beater 22 in working position shifts the shift rod 46 against the force of the spring 49th The tapered portion 48 lies in the channel 45 , so that air can flow around the shift rod 46 .

Claims (2)

  1. Hand-held machine tool (1) with
    - a tool receiver (2) for holding a tool along a working axis (11),
    - a motor-driven pneumatic hammer mechanism (6), which comprises an exciter (17) driven by a motor (5), a hammer (14) connected to the exciter (17) by way of a pneumatic chamber (19), and an intermediate hammer (22) arranged on the working axis (11) in the impact direction (12) behind the hammer (14),
    - an air access opening (30), which connects a cavity (29) between the hammer (14) and the intermediate hammer (22) with the surrounding environment,
    - a valve (31, 38, 44) closing off the air access opening (30), which is opened on actuation by the intermediate hammer (22) when the intermediate hammer (22) is pushed against the impact direction (12) into its working position,
    wherein
    the valve (31) contains a channel (33) with a mouth opening and a closure body (34),
    characterized in that the intermediate hammer (22) exhibits a profiled casing surface (35, 37) which forms the closure body (34), wherein the casing surface (35, 37) has, in the impact direction (12), following one another in sequence, a ring-shaped first section (35) with a larger radius and a ring-shaped second section (36) with a smaller radius, wherein the larger radius corresponds to the distance interval from the mouth opening to the working axis (11), as a result of which the intermediate hammer (22) in the working position does not cover the air access opening (30), and, when pushed out of the working position in the impact direction (12) covers the air access opening (30).
  2. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1,
    characterized in that an air access opening (27) is provided for allowing air access to the pneumatic chamber (19), which releases the hammer (14) when the hammer (14) moves forwards in the impact direction (12) over the impact point defined by the intermediate hammer (22) located in the working position.
EP14772146.8A 2013-10-03 2014-09-24 Manual tool machine Active EP3052274B1 (en)

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EP13187203.8A EP2857150A1 (en) 2013-10-03 2013-10-03 Manual tool machine
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US10814467B2 (en) 2020-10-27
EP2857150A1 (en) 2015-04-08
CN105612030A (en) 2016-05-25
EP3052274A1 (en) 2016-08-10
US20160243688A1 (en) 2016-08-25
WO2015049133A1 (en) 2015-04-09
US11878401B2 (en) 2024-01-23
CN105612030B (en) 2018-05-08
US20210001463A1 (en) 2021-01-07

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