EP3050093A1 - Procédé d'obtention d'une couche mince de matériau à structure chalcopyrite pour cellule photovoltaïque - Google Patents
Procédé d'obtention d'une couche mince de matériau à structure chalcopyrite pour cellule photovoltaïqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3050093A1 EP3050093A1 EP14771293.9A EP14771293A EP3050093A1 EP 3050093 A1 EP3050093 A1 EP 3050093A1 EP 14771293 A EP14771293 A EP 14771293A EP 3050093 A1 EP3050093 A1 EP 3050093A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- electric field
- thin layer
- deposition
- base layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/34—Deposited materials, e.g. layers
- H10P14/3402—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition
- H10P14/3436—Deposited materials, e.g. layers characterised by the chemical composition being chalcogenide semiconductor materials not being oxides, e.g. ternary compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
- H10P14/20—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials
- H10P14/38—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of semiconductor materials characterised by treatments done after the formation of the materials
- H10P14/3802—Crystallisation or recrystallisation of non-monocrystalline semiconductor materials, e.g. regrowth
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/541—CuInSe2 material PV cells
Definitions
- the field of the invention is that of photoactive materials for the production of photovoltaic cells in thin layers.
- the invention relates to a technique for obtaining a thin layer of chalcopyrite structure material of formula Cu (In, Ga) X 2 in which X represents a chalcogen of the selenium (Se) and / or sulfur type ( S).
- the formula Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thus covers Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 , Cu (ln, Ga) (Se, S) 2 and Cu (ln, Ga) S 2 . 2.
- the material Cu (In, Ga) X 2 is one of the most promising materials for the development of thin-film photovoltaic cells. It is nowadays an economically interesting alternative to synthesis techniques based on crystalline silicon. It has been demonstrated that photovoltaic cells based on Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 of the state of the art can reach photovoltaic conversion efficiencies exceeding 15%.
- photovoltaic cells consist of a stack of thin layers deposited on a glass substrate.
- thin layer in the remainder of this document, a layer of material whose thickness is generally less than 100 ⁇ , or even less than 10 ⁇ , as opposed to "thick layers” whose thickness is generally greater than 100 ⁇ .
- a photovoltaic cell typically comprises:
- CdS cadmium sulphide
- ZnO transparent conductive oxide
- metal grid 6 (Ni / Al / Ni) which extends over the thin double layer of oxide 5.
- the soda-lime glass substrate 1 has a coefficient of thermal expansion and a mechanical strength adapted to the growth of layers of
- the glass substrate 1 is covered with a thin layer of molybdenum 2 serving as a rear contact to ensure the collection of charge carriers (electron-holes) photogenerated within the absorbent layer 3. It is typically deposited by sputtering magnetron 2.
- This layer is its high temperature stability under a selenated atmosphere, as well as the low contact resistance it forms with the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 material .
- the thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 3 is a p-type semiconductor which, by absorbing the solar photons (illustrated by the arrow ⁇ ), releases electron-hole pairs as shown in the figure.
- a thin layer of cadmium sulphide (CdS) 4, n-type, has been applied to the photoactive layer 3, and is deposited chemically on the layer 3.
- An electronic junction is used to induce the photovoltaic effect.
- This buffer layer of the order of typically 50 nm in thickness, is formed by immersing the substrate / Mo / Cu (In, Ga) X 2 unit in an aqueous solution containing cadmium acetate (Cd ( CH 3 CO 2 ), 2H 2 O), ammonia (NH 4 OH) and thiourea (H 2 NCSNH 2 ).
- the deposition of the various thin layers 2 to 4 presented above is followed by the deposition, by cathode sputtering, of a thin double layer of oxide 5, which serves as a contact point for ensuring the collection of photogenerated electron-hole carriers.
- a thin double layer of oxide 5 which serves as a contact point for ensuring the collection of photogenerated electron-hole carriers.
- It consists of a first optically transparent oxide layer composed of undoped zinc oxide (r-ZnO), and a second optically transparent conductive oxide layer composed of aluminum doped zinc oxide (ZnO: Al), spanning the undoped zinc oxide layer.
- a metal grid 6 is finally deposited on the thin layer of zinc oxide 5, in order to improve the collection of photogenerated charge carriers (electron-holes).
- This gate 6 comprises a superposition of three layers: a layer of nickel (Ni) (typically 50 nm thick), an aluminum layer (Al) (typically 2 ⁇ thick) and a second layer of nickel (typically 50 nm thick). If the aluminum layer makes it possible to transport the carriers, the nickel layers make it possible for them to minimize the aging of the aluminum (by oxidation or mechanical wear).
- Thin layer 3 based on Cu (In, Ga) X 2 can be considered as the active layer of the photovoltaic cell. Its function is to absorb light (solar photons) to produce electron-hole pairs which are then collected at the front contacts 4 and 2 rear of the cell. For an electron-hole pair thus produced, the electron and the hole are then separated by the structure of the cell thereby inducing a potential difference at the p / n junction, in other words the photovoltaic effect.
- the absorbent layer based on Cu (In, Ga) X 2 is polycrystalline. It therefore has a number of crystalline defects that can impact the electro-optical performance of the cell.
- the optoelectronic properties of the Cu layer (ln, Ga) X 2 are related to both the nature of the grain boundaries and crystal defects in the grains.
- the material Cu (In, Ga) X 2 contains certain crystalline defects which, when combined, form electrically neutral complexes; it is therefore relatively easy to achieve photovoltaic conversion efficiencies of the order of 10% with many growth processes of Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 -based thin films. To achieve higher conversion efficiencies, the relative contents of the different defects must be controlled.
- a first known technique consists in carrying out the growth of the deposit in three successive stages, each with a composition of the Cu (In, Ga) X 2 layer in growth more or less rich in copper. .
- the substrate is heated to a temperature T sub sufficient to ensure crystal growth: typically of the order of 380 ° C for the first stage and of the order of 600 ° C for the second and third stages .
- T sub sufficient to ensure crystal growth: typically of the order of 380 ° C for the first stage and of the order of 600 ° C for the second and third stages .
- the momentarily super-stoichiometric composition of copper allows the segregation of a Cu x X secondary phase which induces the presence of point defects in optimal proportions for the targeted photovoltaic application.
- This first technique offers globally satisfactory photovoltaic conversion efficiencies (of the order of 15%).
- this known technique requires a relatively high substrate temperature (typically around 600 ° C).
- the technological transfer of this growth technique on an industrial scale involves a substrate in motion throughout the deposition of the thin layer, which makes it more complex control of the composition and can induce a relatively large rebus rate.
- a second known technique is based on a high temperature heat treatment of a thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 whose copper content is or is not in excess of stoichiometry.
- This technique consists, initially, of depositing on the substrate the starting elements - copper, indium, gallium and selenium and / or sulfur - constitutive of the final material Cu (In, Ga) x 2 to form a thin base layer. . Then, the base layer undergoes a heat treatment at high temperature, 550 ° C for example, to enable it to achieve the desired photovoltaic properties.
- this second technique although more suitable for industrial application, does not achieve photovoltaic conversion yields as high as those achieved by the aforementioned first technique.
- the invention in at least one embodiment, is intended in particular to overcome these various disadvantages of the state of the art.
- one objective is to provide a technique for obtaining a thin absorber layer of Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 for photovoltaic cells, which makes it possible to achieve, reproducibly, high photovoltaic conversion efficiencies, i.e. yields greater than 15%.
- At least one embodiment of the invention also aims to provide such a technique which is simple and inexpensive to implement, and which allows an application on an industrial scale.
- a process for obtaining a thin layer of a material of formula Cu (In, Ga) X 2 in which X represents a chalcogen element of the Selenium type and or sulfur, for a photovoltaic cell comprising the following steps: depositing, on a substrate defining a deposition surface, a set of starting elements so as to form a base layer, said set of starting elements belonging to the group comprising: copper, indium, gallium, selenium and / or or Sulfur,
- non-contact electric field treatment performed during said processing step, wherein a predetermined pattern is applied to said base layer; , so as to obtain, after cooling, a thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 .
- the general principle of the invention therefore consists in assisting the formation of a layer of material of formula Cu (In, Ga) X 2 by means of an electric field applied to the surface of the substrate.
- the heat treatment can be done at much lower temperatures than those usually used to make a layer of Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 photovoltaic high quality.
- a lower temperature heat treatment makes it possible to reduce the risk, on the one hand, of mechanical deformation of the substrate, and on the other hand, of modification of the electrical properties during the growth of the thin layer.
- the method according to the invention allows a better control of the growth of the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 layer on the substrate.
- the process according to the invention is furthermore suitable if it is inexpensive and expensive.
- the invention makes it possible to overcome the constraints associated with high temperature treatment, while offering high photovoltaic conversion efficiencies.
- the inventors For a photovoltaic cell made from a thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 obtained according to the process of the invention, the inventors have shown that it is possible to reproducibly achieve photovoltaic conversion efficiencies greater than 15%.
- said electric field of a predetermined value is applied to said base layer perpendicularly to the deposition surface of the substrate.
- This characteristic has the effect of inducing a homogeneous distribution of species within the thin layer. It is particularly suitable for thin film photovoltaic structures.
- said heat treatment and electric field treatment stages are performed after said deposition step.
- Such an embodiment therefore requires two distinct manufacturing steps. It has the advantage of being able to perform these two steps successively in two separate buildings, for example, the first being dedicated to the deposition of the thin layer, the second being dedicated to heat treatment assisted by an electric field for the formation of the material. No harmful electronic faults for the photovoltaic application.
- said steps of heat treatment and electric field treatment are performed during said deposition step.
- the deposition device be equipped with means for applying an electric field during the deposition of the Cu (In, Ga) X 2 layer.
- the predetermined temperature is between 450 ° C and 520 ° C.
- the method according to the invention therefore allows heat treatment at low temperature unlike the processes of the state of the art for which a temperature above 520 ° C is required to achieve the photovoltaic conversion yields referred.
- the electric field applied to said base layer during the electric field treatment step is of amplitude substantially between 1.10 4 V / m and 1.10 7 V / m.
- the electric field is obtained by applying an electric potential governed by an alternating and periodic regime.
- the reciprocating and periodic regime comprises at least one time cycle comprising a first time interval during which a first electrical potential is applied and a second time interval during which a second electrical potential is applied, and the first electrical potential. is equal to the second electrical potential and is of opposite sign, and the first time interval is equal to the second time interval.
- the inventors have realized that the thin layer thus obtained has increased electro-optical performance.
- said thin layer has a thickness of between 0.5 and 2.5 ⁇ .
- the deposition step is carried out according to a technique belonging to the group comprising:
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one thin layer
- the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin layer obtained with the process can be corrected by a composition gradient in relation to the distribution of In and Ga atoms within the layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 .
- FIG. 1 already described in relation with the prior art, shows an image taken under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of a cross section of a photovoltaic cell based on Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 illustrating the principle of operation of such a cell;
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- FIG. 2 already described in relation to the prior art, presents a sequential diagram illustrating the principle of a first technique for growth of a Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin film known from the state of the art. ;
- FIG. 3 already described in relation with the prior art, presents a sequential diagram illustrating the principle of a second technique for growth of a Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin film known from the state of the art. ;
- FIG. 4 presents a sequential diagram illustrating the principle of a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 represents a simplified diagram of an example of a device allowing the realization of the depositing stage of a Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 photovoltaic layer according to a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a diagram of an example of a device for carrying out the field-assisted heat treatment step.
- electric photovoltaic layer Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 according to a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the electrical characteristics J (V) of a photovoltaic cell made from a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained according to the method of the invention, and from a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 having not undergone any treatment by electric field;
- FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating the external quantum efficiencies (RQ.E) of a photovoltaic cell made from a layer of Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 obtained according to the method of the invention. ntio n, and from a layer of Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 having not undergone any treatment by electric field;
- FIGS. 9a and 9b show SEM images of a cross-section of a photovoltaic cell illustrating the difference in morphology between a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the first technique of the prior art (FIG. 9a) and a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the process of the invention (Figure 9b);
- FIG. 10 is an X-ray diffraction diagram of a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the first technique of the prior art and a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the process of the invention.
- the process according to the invention is based on a completely new and inventive approach consisting in producing, by means of an electrical process, a crystalline reorganization of the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin film, to reduce the crystalline defects harmful to the electronic performance of photovoltaic cells manufactured from such a thin layer.
- the main advantage of the invention lies in the clever application of an electric field during the heat treatment of the Cu (In, Ga) X 2 layer, which is preferably perpendicular to the the surface of the substrate, in order to improve the electrical properties thereof, and in particular the photovoltaic conversion efficiency.
- This contactless implementation has the advantage of eliminating the risk of damaging the thin layer during its preparation.
- the inventors have indeed avoided the existence of a phenomenon of healing of crystalline defects by means of an electric field treatment.
- this phenomenon is intimately related to the particular electronic properties of the material Cu (In, Ga) X 2 . Indeed, when an electric field of a predetermined value is applied to a thin layer of Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 , the properties of the gains of this material are modified so that the electrical properties are find improved.
- the method of the invention comprises the following two steps:
- This first step aims to deposit the starting elements necessary for the formation of a thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 and in the proportions that will be those of the final layer to obtain a photovoltaic quality absorber.
- These starting elements constitute the elementary products of the compound Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 and comprise Copper, Indium, Gallium and Selenium in the following proportions y and x:
- the substrate 20 is introduced into a chamber or deposition chamber 30 in which there is a high vacuum of the order of 5.10 "7 mbar.
- the substrate is heated by means of infra-red lamps 40 to a temperature T between 480 sub ° C and 520 ° C.
- the substrate used is soda-lime glass covered with a layer of molybdenum (Mo) serving as a back contact. (T sub ) makes it possible to ensure homogeneous crystal growth of the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin film.
- the deposition of the starting elements on the substrate 20 is carried out by co-evaporation.
- This technique consists of the simultaneous and controlled evaporation of starting elements from elementary sources 50 which ensure constant flows throughout the growth of the thin layer.
- Each elemental source includes a starting element.
- the evaporation temperatures of the sources may be 1250 ° C., 980 ° C., 1070 ° C. and 285 ° C. respectively for copper, indium, gallium and selenium.
- a thermocouple 41 is used.
- the substrate 20 comprises a layer of molybdenum (back contact) on which is deposited a thin layer of Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 , said thin base layer, 2 ⁇ thick for example.
- Substrate 20 the molybdenum (Mo) layer 21 and the thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 form the following stack of layers: Substrate / Mo / Cu (In, Ga) X 2
- the substrate / Mo / Cu stack (ln, Ga) X 2 After cooling the substrate / Mo / Cu stack (ln, Ga) X 2 , the latter is removed from the chamber 30 to undergo the second stage of the process. Indeed, this basic thin layer is not yet exploitable. This thin base layer must further undergo a heat treatment step for the purpose of forming the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 material and healing crystalline defects. For thin-film photovoltaic applications based on Cu (In, Ga) X 2 , the thin film finally obtained generally has a thickness of between 1.5 and 2.5 ⁇ .
- the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin layer is deposited by coevaporation. It is clear that many other modes of deposition can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention. In particular, any other deposition technique that makes it possible to synthesize a thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 with the desired composition and grains of chalcopyrite structure, such as, for example, the following techniques: sputter deposition, deposition by screen printing electrodeposited deposition. Second step: Electric field-assisted heat treatment
- This second step aims to disturb some existing electronic defects within the thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 through the application of an electric field implemented during a heat treatment.
- This implementation is contactless; it has the advantage of eliminating the risk of damaging the thin layer during its preparation.
- the Substrate / Mo / Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 stack is introduced into a device 100 making it possible to carry out a heat treatment according to the invention ( Figure 6).
- This device comprises a vacuum treatment chamber 70 where there is a vacuum of the order 5.10 5 mbar, pa r example.
- the Substrate / Mo / Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 stack is heated by means of Infra-Red 75 lamps at a temperature T between 480 and 520 ° C.
- the substrate may be heated by any other heating means which can produce heating within this temperature range.
- Block 95 represents the power supply of the Infra-Red 75 lamps.
- This device is further equipped with a metal counter-electrode 80 (made of copper for example) arranged parallel to the thin layer 22 of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 and at a distance of about 2 cm from it.
- a metal counter-electrode 80 made of copper for example
- the rear contact of Mo 21 and the metal electrode 80 are connected to a high voltage supply 90 of 0-10kV electrical potential. They form the electric electrodes by means of which an electric field
- E of a predetermined value is applied to the thin layer 22 of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 perpendicular to the deposition surface of the substrate.
- the rear contact 21 is maintained at zero potential (that is to say at ground) and the electric field results from the application of a potential on the counter-electrode 80 positioned parallel to the thin layer.
- the electric field assisted heat treatment process is broken down as follows.
- the substrate Substrate / Mo / Cu (In, Ga) X 2 undergoes a thermalization phase during which said stack is heated to a temperature of about 500 ° C.
- the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin film undergoes an electric field treatment in which an electric field substantially equal to 1.10 5 V / m is applied between the electrodes 21 and 80 at It should be recalled here that the application of an electric potential between two electrodes separated by a predefined distance (of a few centimeters) makes it possible to express the electric field in volts / meter.
- This regime described here as an example is formed of two time cycles, each time cycle comprising a first time interval of 5 minutes in which an electric potential of -IkV is applied to the counter-electrode 80 and a second interval a time of 5 minutes during which an electric potential of + lkV (potential of the same value, but of opposite sign) is applied on the counterelectrode 80.
- the stack of Substrate / Mo / Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 layers is cooled to room temperature, to which it can be vented and exited. of the device 100.
- an active thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) X 2 is obtained, which has a reduced amount of harmful structural defa uts.
- the inventors have discovered that the electric field applied to the thin layer allows a crystalline reorganization favoring the photovoltaic effect.
- the inventors To judge the quality of the Cu (ln, Ga) X 2 thin layer obtained according to the method of the invention for photovoltaic applications, the inventors have made solar cells made from a Cu layer (ln , Ga) Se 2 and tested their performance.
- FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating the electrical characteristics J (V) of a photovoltaic cell comprising a layer of Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 obtained according to the process of the invention (curve A) and a layer of Cu (ln , Ga) Se 2 having not undergone any treatment by electric field (curve B).
- the quality of a photovoltaic solar cell is judged by its ability to produce electrical power under the effect of solar radiation.
- the main criterion involved in the qualification of the cell is the conversion efficiency p hotovo ltaique. This is read in the form of photovoltaic radii, namely the short circuit current density J sc (mA / cm 2 ), the form factor FF (%) and the voltage open V oc circuit (mV). These quantities were determined using measurements J (V) carried out under solar illumination according to the standard spectrum AMI.5G.
- the characteristics J (V) shown in this figure allow to realize the beneficial effect of the electric field. Indeed, the solar cells made from thin Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 layers having been treated in the field electric show, compared to those treated at the same temperature without electric field, a clear improvement of all photovoltaic parameters. The consequence of these improvements is a gain in photovoltaic conversion efficiency, the latter increasing from 11% to 15% (without anti-reflection layer).
- the short-circuit current gain of the solar cells was analyzed from measurements of external quantum efficiency (RQ.E) illustrated for example in FIG. 8.
- the curve C represents the RQ.E measured from a thin film obtained according to the process of the invention
- the curve D represents the RQ.E measured from a thin layer obtained in the same conditio ns ma is ss ns application an electric chap.
- the gain in photovoltaic conversion efficiency is clearly visible through an improvement in the diffusion length for solar cells made from Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 thin films having been treated under an electric field.
- FIGS. 9a and 9b show the difference in morphology between a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the first technique of the prior art (FIG. 9a) and a layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the method of the invention ( Figure 9b). It is indeed observed that the heat treatment combined with the application of an electric field has an impact on the grain size of the compound Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 .
- Curve E illustrated in FIG. 10, represents the X-ray diffraction pattern produced on a thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the first technique of the prior art, and curve F represents the diffraction pattern.
- the diffraction peaks for crystalline orientations 112, 220/204 and
- 116/312 of the thin layer of Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 obtained by the first technique of the prior art have a resolution representing the presence of a composition gradient relative to the distribution of In and Ga atoms. within the Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 layer while the simple diffraction peaks obtained (112, 220/204 and 116/312) on the Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 thin layer obtained by the process of invention reflect the absence of a gradient within the Cu (ln, Ga) Se 2 layer.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1359270A FR3011127B1 (fr) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Procede d'obtention d'une couche mince de materiau a structure chalcopyrite pour cellule photovoltaique |
| PCT/EP2014/069925 WO2015044032A1 (fr) | 2013-09-26 | 2014-09-18 | Procédé d'obtention d'une couche mince de matériau à structure chalcopyrite pour cellule photovoltaïque |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3050093A1 true EP3050093A1 (fr) | 2016-08-03 |
Family
ID=49949827
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14771293.9A Withdrawn EP3050093A1 (fr) | 2013-09-26 | 2014-09-18 | Procédé d'obtention d'une couche mince de matériau à structure chalcopyrite pour cellule photovoltaïque |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3050093A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3011127B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2015044032A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120094428A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Manufacturing method of compound semiconductor solar cell |
| WO2013129044A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-06 | 株式会社日本マイクロニクス | Procédé de fabrication d'alliage pour cellule solaire à base de cigs |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS56165371A (en) * | 1980-05-26 | 1981-12-18 | Shunpei Yamazaki | Semiconductor device |
| KR100653263B1 (ko) * | 2000-12-29 | 2006-12-01 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 실리콘막의 결정화 방법 |
| US6911079B2 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2005-06-28 | Kopin Corporation | Method for reducing the resistivity of p-type II-VI and III-V semiconductors |
-
2013
- 2013-09-26 FR FR1359270A patent/FR3011127B1/fr active Active
-
2014
- 2014-09-18 WO PCT/EP2014/069925 patent/WO2015044032A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2014-09-18 EP EP14771293.9A patent/EP3050093A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120094428A1 (en) * | 2010-10-15 | 2012-04-19 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Manufacturing method of compound semiconductor solar cell |
| WO2013129044A1 (fr) * | 2012-02-27 | 2013-09-06 | 株式会社日本マイクロニクス | Procédé de fabrication d'alliage pour cellule solaire à base de cigs |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2015044032A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2015044032A1 (fr) | 2015-04-02 |
| FR3011127A1 (fr) | 2015-03-27 |
| FR3011127B1 (fr) | 2016-12-30 |
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