EP3047077B1 - Vacuum toilet with alternating pinch-valve closure - Google Patents
Vacuum toilet with alternating pinch-valve closure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3047077B1 EP3047077B1 EP14771873.8A EP14771873A EP3047077B1 EP 3047077 B1 EP3047077 B1 EP 3047077B1 EP 14771873 A EP14771873 A EP 14771873A EP 3047077 B1 EP3047077 B1 EP 3047077B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- control unit
- closure mode
- flushing
- intermediate tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008237 rinsing water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009760 functional impairment Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
- E03F1/006—Pneumatic sewage disposal systems; accessories specially adapted therefore
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D35/00—Sanitation
- B61D35/005—Toilet facilities
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D11/00—Passenger or crew accommodation; Flight-deck installations not otherwise provided for
- B64D11/02—Toilet fittings
Definitions
- the invention relates to a vacuum toilet comprising a toilet bowl with a basin outlet opening, an intermediate container with an intermediate container inlet opening, an intermediate container outlet opening and a control air line connection, a first flow path through a first outlet line which connects the basin outlet opening with the intermediate container inlet opening, an inlet valve, which releases the first flow path in an open position and locks in a closed position, a waste water tank having a waste tank inlet opening connected to the surge tank outlet opening via a second discharge line, an outlet valve which opens the second flow path flow path in an open position releases and locks in a closed position, a control unit, which is designed to perform a flushing operation, by performing in a first flushing step on the control air line In a subsequent second flushing step, the inlet valve is closed, in a subsequent third flushing step generates an overpressure in the intermediate container and after generating the overpressure in the Intermediate tank, the exhaust valve is switched from the closed position to the open position.
- Vacuum toilets of this type are used in various vehicles, a typical application is in railway wagons and aircraft or coaches and on board watercraft.
- the operating principle of these vacuum toilets is based on the fact that the wastewater from the toilet bowl is first sucked into an intermediate container and then transported from this intermediate container into a waste water tank, typically by means of an overpressure.
- an inlet valve or an outlet valve is arranged in the line between the toilet bowl and the intermediate container on the one hand and the line between the intermediate container and the waste water tank, which can be controlled by a control unit to individually to close and open.
- Out DE 20 2009 010 176 U1 is a vacuum toilet previously known, in which the wastewater is removed by means of negative pressure in an intermediate container and is discharged from the intermediate container by means of an overpressure in a sewage tank.
- a control unit controls coordinated timing of a vent valve and an exhaust spool.
- a vacuum toilet assembly in which the wastewater is passed through a negative pressure in a sewer line from the toilet bowl in a sewage collection tank.
- valves must ensure reliable opening and closing and, on the other hand, have a sufficient passage cross section for the wastewater and solids contained therein. Because long service intervals are desired, these functions must be maintained over a high number of cycles. At the same time it is necessary because of a desired secure odor trap that the valves can be closed gas-tight at any time.
- pinch valves In a pinch valve, an elastically deformable tube portion is squeezed by an external radial force by means of a mechanical element or an external pressure, whereby the inner walls of the elastic tube portion are pressed against each other, thus causing a closure.
- the elastic tube portion is ideally designed so that it goes back to an open position in the absence of external radial force by elastic recovery.
- pinch valves generally meet the requirements for performing a rinse operation has shown over a long operation that the pinch valves due to the external force after a larger number of cycles receive a permanent deformation and therefore not fully return to the open position, if the external force is removed. This has the consequence that the permeability of the pinch valve is no longer completely guaranteed, which in operation to an insufficient Wastewater extraction or insufficient transport of wastewater from the intermediate tank leads into the waste water tank. In addition, blockages of the sewage system may occur in the area of the pinch valves.
- the invention has for its object to provide a vacuum toilet, which avoids these problems.
- control unit is designed to keep the inlet valve closed and the outlet valve open after the third flushing step in a first closure state, open the inlet valve in a second closure state and keep the outlet valve closed, and within a row several consecutive rinsing operations to set the first and second closure state alternately.
- the vacuum toilet is developed in that two different closure states can be set by means of the control unit.
- an odor barrier between the waste water tank and toilet bowl is made by either the inlet valve or the outlet valve is closed.
- the respective other valve is held according to the invention in an open state.
- first and second closure conditions are set alternately over the operating period of the vacuum toilet.
- the second closure state is set in each case after a rinsing process, if the first closure state was set before the rinsing process and vice versa, so that first and second closure state alternate in a 1: 1 ratio.
- the first closure state can also be set twice in succession, after two flushes and after the following In the next two rinses, set the second shutter state so that the shutter states alternate with each other in a 2: 2 sequence.
- each closure state can also be set 3, 4, 5 or several times in succession before switching to the other closure state.
- the number in which a respective closure state is set successively without change is equal to the number in which the other closure state is set after the change, but in certain embodiments, a different number of the two closure states can be set.
- the inlet or outlet valve is actuated and held only in a closed, squeezed state for approximately half of the time compared to the control mode according to the prior art.
- the permanently acting deformation of the inlet and outlet valves is significantly reduced and the period over which the inlet and outlet valve has a free, not by permanent deformation restricted passage cross-section, significantly extended.
- the respectively set first or second closure state can be maintained until a rinsing process is triggered again to make a change of the closure state after this rinsing and thus relieve the previously held closed inlet or outlet valve and keep it open.
- a rinsing process is triggered again to make a change of the closure state after this rinsing and thus relieve the previously held closed inlet or outlet valve and keep it open.
- a closure state is maintained over a particularly long period of time when the toilet over a correspondingly long period no flushing triggers and allows a regular recovery of the intake and exhaust valve by switching to the open state.
- the time-controlled alternating manner between the first and second closure state can also be provided in addition to the alternating manner carried out after a rinsing process.
- the control unit is designed to set the first closure state after a number of N-1 rinses and to set the second closure state after the N-th rinse, where N is a number between 2 and 50 and or in that the control unit is designed to set the second closure state after a number of M-1 rinses and to set the first closure state after the M-th rinse, where M is a number between 2 and 50 and / or that the control unit is formed is to change after a predetermined period of time from the first to the second closure state and after expiration of a further predetermined second time period, which preferably corresponds to the first time period, to return from the second to the first closure state.
- a control-technically reliable alternating manner between the first and second closure state is achieved, which on the one hand based on a triggered rinse as a trigger, on the other hand based on an elapsed time as a trigger or both triggers together in a logical OR operation as a reason for a Change of the closure state uses.
- a flushing water pipe connected to a flushing water tank opens into the toilet bowl and the control unit is designed to meter after the third flushing step a dispensed via the flushing water line in the toilet bowl Vietnamese Stammigange, wherein the preferred Spüliganmenge in the second closure state greater is as in the first closure state.
- a flushing water line which can supply water from a flushing water tank in the toilet bowl, in particular can spray under an overpressure, is often used to achieve cleaning of the toilet bowl with rinse water before aspiration of the wastewater. According to this training, the flushing water line is used to supply after complete suction of the wastewater from the toilet bowl rinse water, which achieves the function of an additional odor barrier.
- the rinse water is filled into the toilet bowl for this purpose after one of the two closure conditions has been established, so that the rinse water from the toilet bowl can flow to the closed inlet and outlet valve, but this can not happen. It therefore forms a water column between the toilet bowl and the inlet and outlet valve, which acts as an additional odor barrier.
- the amount of flushing water filled in the toilet bowl is dependent on the respective set closure state.
- a smaller amount of flushing water can be introduced into the toilet bowl than in the second closure state, when the outlet valve is closed and the inlet valve is opened, because the volume which the conduit section between the toilet bowl and inlet valve is smaller than the volume between the toilet bowl and the outlet valve.
- a part of the intermediate container or the entire intermediate container must be mitbehellt by the rinse water and the pipe length between the toilet bowl and the outlet valve is greater than the line length between toilet bowl and inlet valve.
- the inventive adaptation of the rinse water volume as a function of the closure state ensures that there is always a matching level of rinse water in the toilet bowl or in the line and a secure closure state is achieved at the same time sparing use of rinse water for odor trap.
- control unit is designed to dose before the first flushing step via the flushing water line in the toilet bowl pre-flushing water.
- Vorêtementmenge a cleaning of the toilet bowl can be achieved prior to aspiration of the wastewater and also a favorable for the extraction composition and consistency of the wastewater can be achieved.
- the inlet valve and / or the outlet valve is a pinch valve, in which the closed position is generated by radially compressing an elastic tube section and the open position is produced by elastic re-deformation of the elastic tube section.
- the inventive design of a vacuum toilet is advantageous for various designs of intake and exhaust valve, since in principle the advantage is achieved that the valves are held only alternately in the closed position and therefore functional impairments such as deadlocks, deposits and the like, mainly in the closed state of the valve occur only to a reduced extent.
- the control method of a vacuum toilet according to the invention is particularly advantageous if the inlet valve or the outlet valve or both valves are pinch valves, that is to say valves which have an elastic tube section which is deformed from a squeezed state in which the internal cross section at the pinch point is closed, in an open state with continuous internal cross-section performs the opening operation.
- pinch valves are regularly insensitive to contamination and have a long life in the operation in a vacuum toilet.
- an elastic hose section is to be understood in particular as meaning a hose section made of an elastomeric material, such as a rubber-like material, a silicone-based plastic, an elastomer or the like.
- elastic deformation is to be understood as meaning that the deformation takes place without permanent, plastic deformation components of the material or at least essentially takes place without such permanent plastic deformation components.
- the hose section is surrounded by a valve housing, which forms a gap between the valve housing and the hose section and the control unit is designed to control a vacuum source connected to the gap for applying a vacuum in the Gap to assist the return of the hose section from the closed position to the open position.
- the desired squeeze effect can be generated by means of an overpressure in the space and thus an effective control of the valve by a pneumatic control done.
- the opening movement of the valve can be assisted by exerting a radially outwardly acting force on the outer wall of the hose section via the vacuum in the intermediate space.
- Another aspect of the invention is a method of automatically controlling a vacuum toilet having a toilet bowl with a basin outlet opening by means of a control unit having the steps of a flushing operation sequentially controlled by the control unit: applying a vacuum to an intermediate tank, opening an inlet valve in a flow path between the toilet bowl outlet opening and a tundish inlet port, closing the inlet valve, pressurizing the tundish with an overpressure, and opening an outlet valve in a flow path between a tundish outlet port and a waste tank inlet port, characterized by alternately setting first and second port states within a series of successive ones Flushing operations, wherein in the first closure state, the inlet valve is closed and the outlet valve is opened, and in the two Closure state, the inlet valve is opened and the outlet valve is closed.
- the method can be developed by setting the first closure state after a number of N-1 rinses and setting the second closure state after the Nth rinse, where N is a number between 2 and 50 and / or after a number of M-1 rinsing operations, the second closure state is set in each case, and after the M-th rinsing process, the first closure state is set, where M is a number between 2 and 50, and / or after a predetermined time interval has elapsed, the first and second closure state is changed.
- the method can be further developed in that, after the rinsing process, a rinsing water quantity is dispensed into the toilet bowl and metered in such a way that the rinse water quantity in the second closure state is greater than in the first closure state.
- the method can be developed by dispensing a quantity of pre-wash water into the toilet bowl before the first flushing process.
- the method may be developed by closing the inlet valve and / or the outlet valve by radially compressing an elastic tube section and opening it by elastically re-deforming the elastic tube section.
- the method can be developed by supporting the opening operation of the intake valve and / or the exhaust valve by applying a vacuum in a gap between a valve housing and the hose section.
- control unit for controlling a rinsing operation of a vacuum toilet
- the control unit is designed to generate a negative pressure in an intermediate container in a first rinsing step via a control air line connection and after the generation of the negative pressure in the intermediate container in the flow path between a toilet bowl and the intermediate container arranged inlet valve to switch from a closed position to an open position to close in a subsequent second flushing step the inlet valve to produce in a subsequent third flushing step an overpressure in the intermediate container and after generating the pressure in the intermediate container in the flow path between the intermediate container and a Abigantank arranged outlet valve to switch from the closed position to the open position
- the control unit is designed to keep the inlet valve closed and the outlet valve open after the third flushing step in a first closure state, open the inlet valve in a second closure state and keep the outlet valve closed, and within a series of several consecutive flushing processes the first and to set the second shutter state alternately.
- control unit thus encompassed by the invention can be provided by an electronic computer unit which can be installed in the vacuum toilet itself or is installed at a distance from the vacuum toilet and is connected by means of control lines to the vacuum toilet for signal transmission.
- control unit can be developed in the same way as has been described for the control unit installed in the vacuum toilet of the previously explained preferred embodiments.
- Another aspect of the invention is a data carrier which contains a data code which, when executed on an electronic computer, executes the control methods of the inventive control method.
- a vacuum toilet according to the invention comprises a toilet bowl 10, in which a flushing line 22 opens with multiple outlet nozzles in the toilet bowl.
- the purge line 22 is connected to a flushing water tank 20, in this connection a Spülwasser format concerninger 21 is included, in which the rinse water can be acted upon with compressed air from a compressed air line 23 and thereby can be sprayed with increased pressure in the toilet bowl.
- the toilet bowl 10 has an outlet opening 11 which opens into a inlet valve 30 by means of a first section 12a of a first sewer line, which is connected by means of a second line section 12b of the first sewer line to an intermediate container inlet opening 41 of an intermediate container 40.
- the intermediate container 40 has a Swiss personnel'slassö réelle 42 which is connected via a first portion 61 a of a second sewer line with an outlet valve 50 which communicates via a second portion 61 b of the second sewer pipe with a waste water tank 60.
- An electronic control unit 100 is connected to a trigger button 101, which initiates a flushing process. Furthermore, the electronic control unit 100 is connected by means of electrical lines with electromagnetic pneumatic valves, which are individually controllable for generating a negative pressure in the intermediate container 40, an overpressure in the intermediate container 40 and an overpressure in the intermediate rinsing water container 21st
- electromagnetic pneumatic valves can be controlled, which apply an overpressure or negative pressure to a gap of the inlet valve 30 and a gap of the exhaust valve 50 to close the inlet valve and close the exhaust valve.
- FIG. 2 shows the vacuum toilet according to the invention at the initiation of a rinsing process for emptying wastewater from the toilet bowl.
- rinsing water is sprayed into the toilet bowl via the rinsing water line and, at the same time, a vacuum is built up in the intermediate container 40 when the inlet valve 30 and outlet valve 50 are closed.
- second purge step opens the inlet valve 30, so that the waste water with the rinse water by the negative pressure in the intermediate tank is sucked out of the toilet bowl 10 in the intermediate container 40.
- FIG. 4 a third rinsing step can be seen in which an overpressure is built up in the intermediate container when the inlet valve is now closed.
- the mixture of wastewater and rinse water from the intermediate container 40 is pressed into the waste water tank 60 by opening the exhaust valve 50.
- FIG. 6 shows a subsequent process step for producing a first closure state.
- rinse water is sprayed into the toilet bowl from the rinsing water tank for this purpose, which causes a subsequent cleaning of the toilet bowl.
- the inlet valve 30 is closed and the outlet valve 50 is opened.
- the sprayed rinse water collects thereby at the bottom of the toilet bowl, enters through the outlet opening of the toilet bowl in the first section of the first sewer line 12a and reaches the closed inlet valve 30.
- the thus arranged rinse water forms together with the inlet valve a secure odor trap between the toilet bowl 10th and the waste water tank 60.
- FIG. 7 shows a second closure state, which can be set alternatively and alternately to the first closure state. Also in this closure state, rinse water is sprayed into the toilet bowl.
- the second closure state in this case the inlet valve 30 is open and the outlet valve 50 is closed. The rinse water collects thereby at the bottom of the toilet bowl, passes through the inlet valve 30 and the intermediate container 40 to the closed exhaust valve 50 and stops in front of the exhaust valve.
- a larger volume of rinse water must be filled. This may, depending on the design and sewer pipe management of the vacuum toilet have different causes.
- this riser is partially or completely filled with an open inlet valve, whereby a slightly larger volume to achieve a hydraulic odor trap is required.
- a volume consisting of the first sewer pipe 12a, b, a part of the intermediate tank 40 or the entire intermediate tank and the first portion 61a of the second sewer pipe must be filled to form a hydraulic trap.
- the rinse water forms a secure odor trap between the waste water tank and the toilet bowl together with the closed outlet valve. It is particularly preferred to control the first and second amounts of water in such a way that a level of the rinsing water forms in the toilet bowl, which in the first closure state coincides with the level in the second closure state.
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vakuumtoilette, umfassend ein Toilettenbecken mit einer Beckenauslassöffnung, einen Zwischenbehälter mit einer Zwischenbehälter-Einlassöffnung, einer Zwischenbehälter-Auslassöffnung und einem Steuerluftleitungsanschluss, einen ersten Strömungsweg durch eine erste Auslassleitung, welche die Beckenauslassöffnung mit der Zwischenbehälter-Einlassöffnung verbindet, ein Einlassventil, welches den ersten Strömungsweg in einer Offenstellung freigibt und in einer Schließstellung sperrt, einen Abwassertank mit einer Abwassertank-Einlassöffnung, die mittels eines zweiten Strömungswegs über eine zweite Auslassleitung mit der Zwischenbehälter-Auslassöffnung verbunden ist, ein Auslassventil, welches den zweiten Strömungsweg Strömungsweg in einer Offenstellung freigibt und in einer Schließstellung sperrt, eine Steuerungseinheit, welche ausgebildet ist, um einen Spülvorgang auszuführen, indem in einem ersten Spülungsschritt über den Steuerluftleitungsanschluss ein Unterdruck im Zwischenbehälter erzeugt und nach Erzeugung des Unterdrucks im Zwischenbehälter das Einlassventil aus der Schließstellung in die Offenstellung geschaltet wird, in einem nachfolgenden zweiten Spülungsschritt das Einlassventil geschlossen wird, in einem nachfolgenden dritten Spülungsschritt ein Überdruck im Zwischenbehälter erzeugt und nach Erzeugung des Überdrucks im Zwischenbehälter das Auslassventil aus der Schließstellung in die Offenstellung geschaltet wird.The invention relates to a vacuum toilet comprising a toilet bowl with a basin outlet opening, an intermediate container with an intermediate container inlet opening, an intermediate container outlet opening and a control air line connection, a first flow path through a first outlet line which connects the basin outlet opening with the intermediate container inlet opening, an inlet valve, which releases the first flow path in an open position and locks in a closed position, a waste water tank having a waste tank inlet opening connected to the surge tank outlet opening via a second discharge line, an outlet valve which opens the second flow path flow path in an open position releases and locks in a closed position, a control unit, which is designed to perform a flushing operation, by performing in a first flushing step on the control air line In a subsequent second flushing step, the inlet valve is closed, in a subsequent third flushing step generates an overpressure in the intermediate container and after generating the overpressure in the Intermediate tank, the exhaust valve is switched from the closed position to the open position.
Vakuumtoiletten dieser Bauart werden in verschiedenen Fahrzeugen eingesetzt, eine typische Anwendung liegt in Bahnwaggons und Luftfahrzeugen oder Reisebussen sowie an Bord von Wasserfahrzeugen.Vacuum toilets of this type are used in various vehicles, a typical application is in railway wagons and aircraft or coaches and on board watercraft.
Dabei beruht das Funktionsprinzip dieser Vakuumtoiletten darauf, dass das Abwasser aus dem Toilettenbecken zunächst in einen Zwischenbehälter eingesaugt wird und dann aus diesem Zwischenbehälter in einen Abwassertank befördert wird, typischerweise mittels eines Überdrucks. Um den Unterdruck und den Überdruck im Zwischenbehälter aufbauen zu können ist in der Leitung zwischen dem Toilettenbecken und dem Zwischenbehälter einerseits und der Leitung zwischen dem Zwischenbehälter und dem Abwassertank andererseits ein Einlassventil beziehungsweise ein Auslassventil angeordnet, die durch eine Steuerungseinheit angesteuert werden können, um sie individuell zu schließen und zu öffnen. Es ist bekannt, eine Vakuumtoilette dabei solcher Art anzusteuern, dass im unbenutzten Zustand zum Geruchsverschluss zunächst die Ventile geschlossen sind, bei Aktivierung eines Spülvorgangs durch einen Betätigungsknopf ein Unterdruck im Zwischenbehälter aufgebaut wird, dann das Einlassventil öffnet, um das Abwasser aus dem Toilettenbecken abzusaugen und hieraufhin dass Einlassventil wieder schließt, nachdem das Abwasser in den Zwischenbehälter eingesaugt wurde. Dann wird bei geschlossenen Einlass- und Auslassventil ein Überdruck im Zwischenbehälter aufgebaut und das Abwasser dann durch Öffnen des Auslassventils in den Abwassertank befördert und schließlich das Auslassventil zur Herstellung eines Geruchsverschlusses wieder geschlossen.The operating principle of these vacuum toilets is based on the fact that the wastewater from the toilet bowl is first sucked into an intermediate container and then transported from this intermediate container into a waste water tank, typically by means of an overpressure. In order to be able to build up the negative pressure and the overpressure in the intermediate container, an inlet valve or an outlet valve is arranged in the line between the toilet bowl and the intermediate container on the one hand and the line between the intermediate container and the waste water tank, which can be controlled by a control unit to individually to close and open. It is known to control a vacuum toilet in such a way that the valves are closed in the unused state of the odor trap, a vacuum is built up in the intermediate container when activating a rinse by an actuator button, then opens the inlet valve to suck the wastewater from the toilet bowl and hereupon, the inlet valve closes again after the waste water has been sucked into the intermediate container. Then, with the intake and exhaust valves closed, an overpressure is built up in the surge tank, and then the sewage is conveyed to the waste tank by opening the exhaust valve, and finally the exhaust valve is closed again to produce an odor trap.
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Eine grundsätzliche Problematik bei diesen Vakuumtoiletten liegt in der Funktionalität der Ventile. Die Ventile müssen einerseits ein zuverlässiges Öffnen und Schließen gewährleisten, andererseits einen ausreichenden Durchtrittsquerschnitt für das Abwasser und darin enthaltene Feststoffe aufweisen. Weil lange Wartungsintervalle angestrebt werden, müssen diese Funktionen über eine hohe Zyklenzahl aufrechterhalten bleiben. Zugleich ist es aufgrund eines angestrebten sicheren Geruchsverschlusses notwendig, dass die Ventile jederzeit gasdicht geschlossen werden können.A fundamental problem with these vacuum toilets lies in the functionality of the valves. On the one hand, the valves must ensure reliable opening and closing and, on the other hand, have a sufficient passage cross section for the wastewater and solids contained therein. Because long service intervals are desired, these functions must be maintained over a high number of cycles. At the same time it is necessary because of a desired secure odor trap that the valves can be closed gas-tight at any time.
Aus diesen Anforderungen heraus hat sich die Verwendung von Quetschventilen in vielen Anwendungsfällen durchgesetzt. Bei einem Quetschventil wird ein elastisch verformbarer Schlauchabschnitt durch eine äußere radiale Kraft mittels eines mechanischen Elements oder eines Außendrucks zusammengequetscht, wodurch die Innenwände des elastischen Schlauchabschnitts aufeinander gepresst werden und so einen Verschluss bewirken. Der elastische Schlauchabschnitt ist dabei idealer Weise so ausgebildet, dass er bei Entfall der äußeren radialen Kraft durch elastische Rückverformung wieder in eine offene Stellung zurück geht.From these requirements, the use of pinch valves has prevailed in many applications. In a pinch valve, an elastically deformable tube portion is squeezed by an external radial force by means of a mechanical element or an external pressure, whereby the inner walls of the elastic tube portion are pressed against each other, thus causing a closure. The elastic tube portion is ideally designed so that it goes back to an open position in the absence of external radial force by elastic recovery.
Während solche Quetschventile zwar generell den Anforderungen an die Durchführung eines Spülvorgangs genügen hat sich über einen längeren Betrieb gezeigt, dass die Quetschventile aufgrund der äußeren Krafteinwirkung nach einer größeren Anzahl an Zyklen eine dauerhafte Verformung erhalten und daher nicht mehr vollständig in die offene Stellung zurückkehren, wenn die äußere Kraft entfernt wird. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Durchlässigkeit des Quetschventils nicht mehr vollständig gewährleistet ist, was im Betrieb zu einer unzureichenden Abwasserabsaugung beziehungsweise einem unzureichenden Transport des Abwassers aus dem Zwischenbehälter in den Abwassertank führt. Zudem können Verstopfungen des Abwassersystems im Bereich der Quetschventile auftreten.While such pinch valves generally meet the requirements for performing a rinse operation has shown over a long operation that the pinch valves due to the external force after a larger number of cycles receive a permanent deformation and therefore not fully return to the open position, if the external force is removed. This has the consequence that the permeability of the pinch valve is no longer completely guaranteed, which in operation to an insufficient Wastewater extraction or insufficient transport of wastewater from the intermediate tank leads into the waste water tank. In addition, blockages of the sewage system may occur in the area of the pinch valves.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vakuumtoilette bereitzustellen, welche diese Probleme vermeidet.The invention has for its object to provide a vacuum toilet, which avoids these problems.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Problematik dadurch gelöst, dass die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um nach dem dritten Spülungsschritt in einem ersten Verschlusszustand das Einlassventil geschlossen und das Auslassventil geöffnet zu halten, in einem zweiten Verschlusszustand das Einlassventil geöffnet und das Auslassventil geschlossen zu halten, und innerhalb einer Reihe mehrerer aufeinanderfolgender Spülvorgänge den ersten und zweiten Verschlusszustand abwechselnd einzustellen.According to the invention, this problem is solved in that the control unit is designed to keep the inlet valve closed and the outlet valve open after the third flushing step in a first closure state, open the inlet valve in a second closure state and keep the outlet valve closed, and within a row several consecutive rinsing operations to set the first and second closure state alternately.
Erfindungsgemäß ist die Vakuumtoilette dadurch fortgebildet, dass mittels der Steuerungseinheit zwei unterschiedliche Verschlusszustände eingestellt werden können. Bei beiden Verschlusszuständen ist dabei eine Geruchssperre zwischen Abwassertank und Toilettenbecken hergestellt, indem entweder das Einlassventil oder das Auslassventil geschlossen ist. Das jeweils andere Ventil wird hingegen erfindungsgemäß in einem offenen Zustand gehalten. Durch diese erfindungsgemäße Fortbildung wird erreicht, dass immer nur eines der beiden Ventile während der Nichtbenutzung der Vakuumtoilette im geschlossenen Zustand, also im gequetschten Zustand gehalten wird. Das jeweils andere Ventil hingegen wird nicht gequetscht.According to the invention, the vacuum toilet is developed in that two different closure states can be set by means of the control unit. In both closure conditions an odor barrier between the waste water tank and toilet bowl is made by either the inlet valve or the outlet valve is closed. The respective other valve, however, is held according to the invention in an open state. By means of this development according to the invention, it is achieved that only one of the two valves is kept in the closed state during the non-use of the vacuum toilet, ie in the crimped state. The other valve, however, is not crushed.
Die entsprechenden ersten und zweiten Verschlusszustände werden dabei über den Betriebszeitraum der Vakuumtoilette abwechselnd eingestellt. Hierunter ist zu verstehen, dass insbesondere der zweite Verschlusszustand jeweils nach einem Spülvorgang eingestellt wird, wenn vor dem Spülvorgang der erste Verschlusszustand eingestellt war und umgekehrt, sodass sich erster und zweiter Verschlusszustand laufend in einem 1:1 - Verhältnis abwechseln. Genauso kann aber auch der erste Verschlusszustand zweimal hintereinander, nach entsprechend zwei Spülvorgängen eingestellt werden und nach den darauffolgenden nächsten beiden Spülvorgängen der zweite Verschlusszustand eingestellt werden, sodass die Verschlusszustände sich in einer 2:2 - Sequenz miteinander abwechseln. Analog kann jeder Verschlusszustand auch 3, 4, 5 oder noch mehrmals hintereinander eingestellt werden, bevor auf den anderen Verschlusszustand gewechselt wird. Bevorzugt ist dabei die Anzahl, in der ein jeweiliger Verschlusszustand aufeinanderfolgend ohne Wechsel eingestellt wird gleich zu der Anzahl, in welcher der andere Verschlusszustand nach dem Wechsel eingestellt wird, in bestimmten Ausführungsformen kann aber auch eine unterschiedliche Anzahl der beiden Verschlusszustände eingestellt werden.The corresponding first and second closure conditions are set alternately over the operating period of the vacuum toilet. By this is to be understood that in particular the second closure state is set in each case after a rinsing process, if the first closure state was set before the rinsing process and vice versa, so that first and second closure state alternate in a 1: 1 ratio. In the same way, however, the first closure state can also be set twice in succession, after two flushes and after the following In the next two rinses, set the second shutter state so that the shutter states alternate with each other in a 2: 2 sequence. Analogously, each closure state can also be set 3, 4, 5 or several times in succession before switching to the other closure state. Preferably, the number in which a respective closure state is set successively without change is equal to the number in which the other closure state is set after the change, but in certain embodiments, a different number of the two closure states can be set.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ansteuerung der beiden Verschlusszustände wird erreicht, dass das Einlass- bzw. Auslassventil nur etwa für die Hälfte des Zeitraums in einem geschlossenen, gequetschten Zustand angesteuert und gehalten wird im Vergleich zu der Ansteuerungsweise nach dem Stand der Technik. Hierdurch wird die dauerhaft wirkende Verformung des Einlass- und Auslassventils signifikant herabgesetzt und der Zeitraum, über den das Ein- und Auslassventil einen freien, nicht durch dauerhafte Verformung eingeschränkten Durchlassquerschnitt aufweist, entscheidend verlängert.By controlling the two closure states according to the invention, it is achieved that the inlet or outlet valve is actuated and held only in a closed, squeezed state for approximately half of the time compared to the control mode according to the prior art. As a result, the permanently acting deformation of the inlet and outlet valves is significantly reduced and the period over which the inlet and outlet valve has a free, not by permanent deformation restricted passage cross-section, significantly extended.
Grundsätzlich kann der jeweils eingestellte erste oder zweite Verschlusszustand solange beibehalten werden, bis erneut ein Spülvorgang ausgelöst wird, um nach diesem Spülvorgang einen Wechsel des Verschlusszustands vorzunehmen und folglich das zuvor geschlossen gehaltene Ein- oder Auslassventil zu entlasten und offen zu halten. Alternativ hierzu kann aber auch ein von den Spülvorgängen unabhängiger Wechsel erfolgen, indem beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit eines vorbestimmten Zeitablaufs zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Verschlusszustand hin- und hergewechselt wird. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung wird beispielsweise in vorherbestimmten Zeitabständen vom ersten in den zweiten Verschlusszustand gewechselt und nach einem entsprechend vorbestimmten Zeitabstand wieder in den ersten Verschlusszustand zurückgewechselt usw. Bei dieser Ausführungsweise wird vermieden, dass ein Verschlusszustand über einen besonders langen Zeitraum aufrecht erhalten wird, wenn die Toilette über einen entsprechend langen Zeitraum keinen Spülvorgang auslöst und eine regelmäßige Erholung des Ein- und Auslassventils durch Schalten in den Offenzustand ermöglicht. In einer anderen Ausgestaltung kann die zeitgesteuerte Wechselweise zwischen erstem und zweitem Verschlusszustand auch zusätzlich zu der nach einem Spülvorgang vorgenommenen Wechselweise vorgesehen sein.In principle, the respectively set first or second closure state can be maintained until a rinsing process is triggered again to make a change of the closure state after this rinsing and thus relieve the previously held closed inlet or outlet valve and keep it open. Alternatively, however, can also be independent of the rinsing changes done by, for example, in response to a predetermined time sequence between the first and second closure state back and forth. In this embodiment, for example, changed at predetermined time intervals from the first to the second closure state and after a corresponding predetermined time interval back to the first closure state, etc. In this embodiment, it is avoided that a closure state is maintained over a particularly long period of time when the toilet over a correspondingly long period no flushing triggers and allows a regular recovery of the intake and exhaust valve by switching to the open state. In a In another embodiment, the time-controlled alternating manner between the first and second closure state can also be provided in addition to the alternating manner carried out after a rinsing process.
Gemäß einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um nach einer Anzahl von N-1 Spülvorgängen jeweils den ersten Verschlusszustand einzustellen und nach dem N-ten Spülvorgang den zweiten Verschlusszustand einzustellen, wobei N eine Anzahl zwischen 2 und 50 ist und/oder dass die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um nach einer Anzahl von M-1 Spülvorgängen jeweils den zweiten Verschlusszustand einzustellen und nach dem M-ten Spülvorgang den ersten Verschlusszustand einzustellen, wobei M eine Anzahl zwischen 2 und 50 ist und/oder dass die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um nach einer vorbestimmten Zeitspanne vom ersten in den zweiten Verschlusszustand zu wechseln und nach Ablauf einer weiteren vorbestimmten zweiten Zeitspanne, die vorzugsweise der ersten Zeitspanne entspricht, vom zweiten in den ersten Verschlusszustand zurückzuwechseln.According to a first preferred embodiment, it is provided that the control unit is designed to set the first closure state after a number of N-1 rinses and to set the second closure state after the N-th rinse, where N is a number between 2 and 50 and or in that the control unit is designed to set the second closure state after a number of M-1 rinses and to set the first closure state after the M-th rinse, where M is a number between 2 and 50 and / or that the control unit is formed is to change after a predetermined period of time from the first to the second closure state and after expiration of a further predetermined second time period, which preferably corresponds to the first time period, to return from the second to the first closure state.
Mit dieser Ausgestaltung wird eine steuerungstechnisch zuverlässige Wechselweise zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Verschlusszustand erzielt, die sich einerseits an einem ausgelösten Spülvorgang als Trigger orientiert, andererseits an einer abgelaufenen Zeitspanne als Trigger orientieren kann oder beide Trigger gemeinsam in einer logischen Oder-Verknüpfung als Anlass für einen Wechsel des Verschlusszustandes heranzieht.With this embodiment, a control-technically reliable alternating manner between the first and second closure state is achieved, which on the one hand based on a triggered rinse as a trigger, on the other hand based on an elapsed time as a trigger or both triggers together in a logical OR operation as a reason for a Change of the closure state uses.
Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass eine mit einem Spülwasserbehälter verbundene Spülwasserleitung in das Toilettenbecken mündet und die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um nach dem dritten Spülungsschritt eine über die Spülwasserleitung in das Toilettenbecken abgegebene Nachspülwassermenge zu dosieren, wobei die vorzugsweise Spülwassermenge im zweiten Verschlusszustand größer ist als im ersten Verschlusszustand. Eine Spülwasserleitung, die aus einem Spülwasserbehälter Wasser in das Toilettenbecken zuführen kann, insbesondere unter einem Überdruck einsprühen kann, wird oftmals dazu eingesetzt, um bereits vor dem Absaugen des Abwassers eine Reinigung des Toilettenbeckens mit Zufuhr von Spülwasser zu erzielen. Gemäß dieser Fortbildung wird die Spülwasserleitung dazu verwendet, um nach erfolgtem Absaugen des Abwassers aus dem Toilettenbecken Spülwasser zuzuführen, welches die Funktion einer zusätzlichen Geruchssperre erzielt. Das Spülwasser wird zu diesem Zweck in das Toilettenbecken eingefüllt, nachdem einer der beiden Verschlusszustände hergestellt worden ist, sodass das Spülwasser aus dem Toilettenbecken bis zu dem geschlossenen Ein- bzw. Auslassventil strömen kann, dieses aber nicht passieren kann. Es bildet sich daher eine Wassersäule zwischen dem Toilettenbecken und dem Ein- bzw. Auslassventil, die als zusätzliche Geruchssperre wirkt.According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that a flushing water pipe connected to a flushing water tank opens into the toilet bowl and the control unit is designed to meter after the third flushing step a dispensed via the flushing water line in the toilet bowl Nachspülwassermenge, wherein the preferred Spülwassermenge in the second closure state greater is as in the first closure state. A flushing water line, which can supply water from a flushing water tank in the toilet bowl, in particular can spray under an overpressure, is often used to achieve cleaning of the toilet bowl with rinse water before aspiration of the wastewater. According to this training, the flushing water line is used to supply after complete suction of the wastewater from the toilet bowl rinse water, which achieves the function of an additional odor barrier. The rinse water is filled into the toilet bowl for this purpose after one of the two closure conditions has been established, so that the rinse water from the toilet bowl can flow to the closed inlet and outlet valve, but this can not happen. It therefore forms a water column between the toilet bowl and the inlet and outlet valve, which acts as an additional odor barrier.
Dabei ist es bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass die Menge des in das Toilettenbecken eingefüllten Spülwassers abhängig ist von dem jeweils eingestellten Verschlusszustand. So kann insbesondere dann, wenn der erste Verschlusszustand, bei dem das Einlassventil geschlossen ist, eine kleinere Menge an Spülwasser in das Toilettenbecken eingeführt werden als im zweiten Verschlusszustand, wenn das Auslassventil geschlossen und das Einlassventil geöffnet ist, weil das Volumen, welches der Leitungsabschnitt zwischen dem Toilettenbecken und dem Einlassventil aufnimmt, kleiner ist als das Volumen zwischen Toilettenbecken und Auslassventil. Insbesondere muss im zweiten Verschlusszustand auch ein Teil des Zwischenbehälters oder der gesamte Zwischenbehälter durch das Spülwasser mitbefüllt werden und die Leitungslänge zwischen Toilettenbecken und Auslassventil ist größer als die Leitungslänge zwischen Toilettenbecken und Einlassventil. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Anpassung des Spülwasservolumens in Abhängigkeit des Verschlusszustandes wird erreicht, dass stets ein übereinstimmender Pegel an Spülwasser im Toilettenbecken bzw. in der Leitung steht und ein sicherer Verschlusszustand bei zugleich sparsamem Gebrauch von Spülwasser zum Geruchsverschluss erreicht wird.It is preferably provided that the amount of flushing water filled in the toilet bowl is dependent on the respective set closure state. Thus, in particular, when the first closure state in which the inlet valve is closed, a smaller amount of flushing water can be introduced into the toilet bowl than in the second closure state, when the outlet valve is closed and the inlet valve is opened, because the volume which the conduit section between the toilet bowl and inlet valve is smaller than the volume between the toilet bowl and the outlet valve. In particular, in the second closure state, a part of the intermediate container or the entire intermediate container must be mitbefüllt by the rinse water and the pipe length between the toilet bowl and the outlet valve is greater than the line length between toilet bowl and inlet valve. The inventive adaptation of the rinse water volume as a function of the closure state ensures that there is always a matching level of rinse water in the toilet bowl or in the line and a secure closure state is achieved at the same time sparing use of rinse water for odor trap.
Noch weiter ist es dabei bevorzugt, wenn die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um vor dem ersten Spülungsschritt eine über die Spülwasserleitung in das Toilettenbecken abgegebene Vorspülwassermenge zu dosieren. Mit einer solchen Vorspülwassermenge kann eine Reinigung des Toilettenbeckens vor dem Absaugen des Abwassers erreicht werden und zudem eine für den Absaugvorgang günstige Zusammensetzung und Konsistenz des Abwassers erzielt werden. Gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass das Einlassventil und/oder das Auslassventil ein Quetschventil ist, bei dem die Schließstellung durch radiales Zusammendrücken eines elastischen Schlauchabschnitts erzeugt wird und die Offenstellung durch elastische Rückverformung des elastischen Schlauchabschnitts erzeugt wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung einer Vakuumtoilette ist für verschiedene Bauweisen des Ein- und Auslassventils vorteilhaft, da grundsätzlich der Vorteil erreicht wird, dass die Ventile nur wechselweise in der Geschlossenstellung gehalten werden und daher Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen wie Verklemmungen, Ablagerungen und dergleichen, die vornehmlich im geschlossenen Zustand des Ventils auftreten, nur in reduziertem Ausmaß auftreten können. Insbesondere vorteilhaft ist die erfindungsgemäße Steuerungsweise einer Vakuumtoilette dann, wenn es sich bei dem Einlassventil oder dem Auslassventil oder beiden Ventilen um Quetschventile handelt, also Ventile, die einen elastischen Schlauchabschnitt aufweisen, der durch Rückverformung aus einem zusammengequetschten Zustand, in dem der Innenquerschnitt an der Quetschstelle geschlossen ist, in einen offenen Zustand mit durchgängigem Innenquerschnitt den Öffnungsvorgang ausführt. Solche Quetschventile sind regelmäßig unempfindlich gegenüber Verschmutzungen und weisen in der Betriebsweise in einer Vakuumtoilette eine lange Lebensdauer auf. Diese Lebensdauer kann, insbesondere hinsichtlich des angestrebten großen Durchtrittsquerschnitts, mittels der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumtoilette weiter erhöht werden. Unter einem elastischen Schlauchabschnitt ist hierbei insbesondere ein Schlauchabschnitt zu verstehen, der aus einem elastomeren Material hergestellt ist, wie beispielsweise aus einem gummiartigen Material, einem Kunststoff auf Silikonbasis, einem Elastomer oder dergleichen. Unter einer elastischen Verformung ist hierbei zu verstehen, dass die Verformung ohne bleibende, plastische Verformungsanteile des Materials erfolgt oder zumindest im Wesentlichen ohne solche bleibenden plastischen Verformungsanteile erfolgt.Still further, it is preferred if the control unit is designed to dose before the first flushing step via the flushing water line in the toilet bowl pre-flushing water. With such Vorspülwassermenge a cleaning of the toilet bowl can be achieved prior to aspiration of the wastewater and also a favorable for the extraction composition and consistency of the wastewater can be achieved. According to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the inlet valve and / or the outlet valve is a pinch valve, in which the closed position is generated by radially compressing an elastic tube section and the open position is produced by elastic re-deformation of the elastic tube section. The inventive design of a vacuum toilet is advantageous for various designs of intake and exhaust valve, since in principle the advantage is achieved that the valves are held only alternately in the closed position and therefore functional impairments such as deadlocks, deposits and the like, mainly in the closed state of the valve occur only to a reduced extent. The control method of a vacuum toilet according to the invention is particularly advantageous if the inlet valve or the outlet valve or both valves are pinch valves, that is to say valves which have an elastic tube section which is deformed from a squeezed state in which the internal cross section at the pinch point is closed, in an open state with continuous internal cross-section performs the opening operation. Such pinch valves are regularly insensitive to contamination and have a long life in the operation in a vacuum toilet. This service life can be further increased, in particular with regard to the desired large passage cross-section, by means of the vacuum toilet according to the invention. In this case, an elastic hose section is to be understood in particular as meaning a hose section made of an elastomeric material, such as a rubber-like material, a silicone-based plastic, an elastomer or the like. In this case, elastic deformation is to be understood as meaning that the deformation takes place without permanent, plastic deformation components of the material or at least essentially takes place without such permanent plastic deformation components.
Schließlich ist gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgesehen, dass der Schlauchabschnitt von einem Ventilgehäuse umgeben ist, welches einen Zwischenraum zwischen dem Ventilgehäuse und dem Schlauchabschnitt ausbildet und die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um eine mit dem Zwischenraum verbundene Vakuumquelle anzusteuern zum Aufbringen eines Vakuums im Zwischenraum zur Unterstützung der Rückkehr des Schlauchabschnitts aus der Schließstellung in die Offenstellung. Durch die Ausgestaltung des Einlassventils und/oder des Auslassventils mit einem jeweils für das Ein- bzw. Auslassventil vorgesehenen Ventilgehäuse, welches einen Zwischenraum zum Schlauchabschnitt ausbildet, kann die gewünschte Quetschwirkung mittels eines Überdrucks im Zwischenraum erzeugt werden und folglich eine wirksame Steuerung des Ventils durch eine pneumatische Ansteuerung erfolgen. Weiterhin kann durch Aufbringen eines Unterdrucks die Öffnungsbewegung des Ventils unterstützt werden, indem auf die Außenwand des Schlauchabschnitts eine nach radial auswärts wirkende Kraft über das Vakuum im Zwischenraum ausgeübt wird.Finally, according to a further preferred embodiment, it is provided that the hose section is surrounded by a valve housing, which forms a gap between the valve housing and the hose section and the control unit is designed to control a vacuum source connected to the gap for applying a vacuum in the Gap to assist the return of the hose section from the closed position to the open position. Due to the configuration of the inlet valve and / or the outlet valve with a respectively provided for the inlet and outlet valve housing, which forms a gap to the hose section, the desired squeeze effect can be generated by means of an overpressure in the space and thus an effective control of the valve by a pneumatic control done. Furthermore, by applying a negative pressure, the opening movement of the valve can be assisted by exerting a radially outwardly acting force on the outer wall of the hose section via the vacuum in the intermediate space.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur automatischen Steuerung einer Vakuumtoilette mit einem Toilettenbecken mit einer Beckenauslassöffnung mittels einer Steuerungseinheit, mit den durch die Steuerungseinheit sequentiell gesteuerten Schritten eines Spülvorgangs: Beaufschlagen eines Zwischenbehälter mit einem Vakuum, Öffnen eines Einlassventils in einem Strömungsweg zwischen der Toilettenbeckenauslassöffnung und einer Zwischenbehälter-Einlassöffnung, Schließen des Einlassventils, Beaufschlagen des Zwischenbehälters mit einem Überdruck und Öffnen eines Auslassventil in einem Strömungsweg zwischen einer Zwischenbehälter-Auslassöffnung und einer Abwassertank-Einlassöffnung, welches sich auszeichnet durch wechselweises Einstellen eines ersten und zweiten Verschlusszustand innerhalb einer Reihe mehrerer aufeinanderfolgender Spülvorgänge, wobei in dem ersten Verschlusszustand das Einlassventil geschlossen und das Auslassventil geöffnet ist, und in dem zweiten Verschlusszustand das Einlassventil geöffnet und das Auslassventil geschlossen ist.Another aspect of the invention is a method of automatically controlling a vacuum toilet having a toilet bowl with a basin outlet opening by means of a control unit having the steps of a flushing operation sequentially controlled by the control unit: applying a vacuum to an intermediate tank, opening an inlet valve in a flow path between the toilet bowl outlet opening and a tundish inlet port, closing the inlet valve, pressurizing the tundish with an overpressure, and opening an outlet valve in a flow path between a tundish outlet port and a waste tank inlet port, characterized by alternately setting first and second port states within a series of successive ones Flushing operations, wherein in the first closure state, the inlet valve is closed and the outlet valve is opened, and in the two Closure state, the inlet valve is opened and the outlet valve is closed.
Das Verfahren kann dadurch fortgebildet werden, dass nach einer Anzahl von N-1 Spülvorgängen jeweils der erste Verschlusszustand eingestellt und nach dem N-ten Spülvorgang der zweite Verschlusszustand eingestellt wird, wobei N eine Anzahl zwischen 2 und 50 ist und/oder dass nach einer Anzahl von M-1 Spülvorgängen jeweils der zweite Verschlusszustand eingestellt und nach dem M-ten Spülvorgang der erste Verschlusszustand eingestellt wird, wobei M eine Anzahl zwischen 2 und 50 ist und/oder dass nach Ablauf einer vorbestimmten Zeitspanne zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Verschlusszustand gewechselt wird.The method can be developed by setting the first closure state after a number of N-1 rinses and setting the second closure state after the Nth rinse, where N is a number between 2 and 50 and / or after a number of M-1 rinsing operations, the second closure state is set in each case, and after the M-th rinsing process, the first closure state is set, where M is a number between 2 and 50, and / or after a predetermined time interval has elapsed, the first and second closure state is changed.
Weiterhin kann das Verfahren dadurch fortgebildet werden, dass nach dem Spülvorgang eine Nachspülwassermenge in das Toilettenbecken abgegeben und so dosiert wird, dass die Spülwassermenge im zweiten Verschlusszustand größer ist als im ersten Verschlusszustand.Furthermore, the method can be further developed in that, after the rinsing process, a rinsing water quantity is dispensed into the toilet bowl and metered in such a way that the rinse water quantity in the second closure state is greater than in the first closure state.
Weiterhin kann das Verfahren dadurch fortgebildet werden, dass vor dem ersten Spülungsvorgang eine Vorspülwassermenge in das Toilettenbecken abgegeben wird.Furthermore, the method can be developed by dispensing a quantity of pre-wash water into the toilet bowl before the first flushing process.
Weiterhin kann das Verfahren dadurch fortgebildet werden, dass das Einlassventil und/oder das Auslassventil durch radiales Zusammendrücken eines elastischen Schlauchabschnitts geschlossen und durch elastische Rückverformung des elastischen Schlauchabschnitts geöffnet wird.Furthermore, the method may be developed by closing the inlet valve and / or the outlet valve by radially compressing an elastic tube section and opening it by elastically re-deforming the elastic tube section.
Weiterhin kann das Verfahren dadurch fortgebildet werden, dass der Öffnungsvorgang des Einlassventils und/oder des Auslassventils durch Aufbringen eines Vakuums in einem Zwischenraum zwischen einem Ventilgehäuse und dem Schlauchabschnitt unterstützt wird.Furthermore, the method can be developed by supporting the opening operation of the intake valve and / or the exhaust valve by applying a vacuum in a gap between a valve housing and the hose section.
Hinsichtlich der Arbeitsweise und Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird auf die voranstehend erläuterte Ausgestaltung der hierzu korrespondierenden Ausführungsformen der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumtoilette Bezug genommen.With regard to the operation and advantages of the method according to the invention reference is made to the above-described embodiment of the corresponding thereto embodiments of the invention vacuum toilet.
Schließlich ist ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung eine Steuerungseinheit zur Steuerung eines Spülvorgangs einer Vakuumtoilette, wobei die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um in einem ersten Spülungsschritt über einen Steuerluftleitungsanschluss einen Unterdruck in einem Zwischenbehälter zu erzeugen und nach Erzeugung des Unterdrucks im Zwischenbehälter ein im Strömungsweg zwischen einem Toilettenbecken und dem Zwischenbehälter angeordnetes Einlassventil aus einer Schließstellung in eine Offenstellung zu schalten, in einem nachfolgenden zweiten Spülungsschritt das Einlassventil zu schließen, in einem nachfolgenden dritten Spülungsschritt einen Überdruck im Zwischenbehälter zu erzeugen und nach Erzeugung des Überdrucks im Zwischenbehälter ein im Strömungsweg zwischen dem Zwischenbehälter und einem Abwassertank angeordnetes Auslassventil aus der Schließstellung in die Offenstellung zu schalten, wobei die Steuerungseinheit ausgebildet ist, um nach dem dritten Spülungsschritt in einem ersten Verschlusszustand das Einlassventil geschlossen und das Auslassventil geöffnet zu halten, in einem zweiten Verschlusszustand das Einlassventil geöffnet und das Auslassventil geschlossen zu halten, und den innerhalb einer Reihe mehrerer aufeinanderfolgender Spülvorgänge den ersten und zweiten Verschlusszustand abwechselnd einzustellen.Finally, another aspect of the invention is a control unit for controlling a rinsing operation of a vacuum toilet, wherein the control unit is designed to generate a negative pressure in an intermediate container in a first rinsing step via a control air line connection and after the generation of the negative pressure in the intermediate container in the flow path between a toilet bowl and the intermediate container arranged inlet valve to switch from a closed position to an open position to close in a subsequent second flushing step the inlet valve to produce in a subsequent third flushing step an overpressure in the intermediate container and after generating the pressure in the intermediate container in the flow path between the intermediate container and a Abwassertank arranged outlet valve to switch from the closed position to the open position, wherein the control unit is designed to keep the inlet valve closed and the outlet valve open after the third flushing step in a first closure state, open the inlet valve in a second closure state and keep the outlet valve closed, and within a series of several consecutive flushing processes the first and to set the second shutter state alternately.
Die so von der Erfindung umfasste Steuerungseinheit kann durch eine elektronische Rechnereinheit bereitgestellt werden, die in der Vakuumtoilette selbst installiert werden kann oder beabstandet von der Vakuumtoilette installiert ist und mittels Steuerungsleitungen mit der Vakuumtoilette zur Signalübertragung verbunden ist.The control unit thus encompassed by the invention can be provided by an electronic computer unit which can be installed in the vacuum toilet itself or is installed at a distance from the vacuum toilet and is connected by means of control lines to the vacuum toilet for signal transmission.
Die Steuerungseinheit kann in gleicher Weise fortgebildet werden, wie dies für die in der Vakuumtoilette der zuvor erläuterten bevorzugten Ausführungsformen installierten Steuerungseinheit beschrieben wurde.The control unit can be developed in the same way as has been described for the control unit installed in the vacuum toilet of the previously explained preferred embodiments.
Schließlich ist ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung ein Datenträger, welcher einen Datencode enthält, der bei Ausführung auf einem elektronischen Rechner die Steuerungsverfahren des erfindungsgemäßen Steuerungsverfahrens ausführt.Finally, another aspect of the invention is a data carrier which contains a data code which, when executed on an electronic computer, executes the control methods of the inventive control method.
Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird anhand der anhängenden Figuren erläutert. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1
- ein schematisches Leitungs- und Signalübertragungsdiagramm einer erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumtoilette,
- Figuren 2 - 5
- einen Ablauf eines Spülvorgangs in einer schematischen Ansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumtoilette,
- Figur 6
- einen ersten Verschlusszustand der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumtoilette, und
- Figur 7
- einen zweiten Verschlusszustand der erfindungsgemäßen Vakuumtoilette.
- FIG. 1
- a schematic line and signal transmission diagram of a vacuum toilet according to the invention,
- FIGS. 2 to 5
- a sequence of a rinsing process in a schematic view of the vacuum toilet according to the invention,
- FIG. 6
- a first closure state of the vacuum toilet according to the invention, and
- FIG. 7
- a second closure state of the vacuum toilet according to the invention.
Wie aus
Das Toilettenbecken 10 weist eine Auslassöffnung 11 auf, die mittels eines ersten Abschnitts 12a einer ersten Abwasserleitung in ein Einlassventil 30 mündet, welches mittels eines zweiten Leitungsabschnitts 12b der ersten Abwasserleitung mit einer Zwischenbehältereinlassöffnung 41 eines Zwischenbehälters 40 verbunden ist.The
Der Zwischenbehälter 40 weist eine Zwischenbehälterauslassöffnung 42 auf, die über einen ersten Abschnitt 61a einer zweiten Abwasserleitung mit einem Auslassventil 50 verbunden ist, das über einen zweiten Abschnitt 61b der zweiten Abwasserleitung mit einem Abwassertank 60 in Verbindung steht.The
Eine elektronische Steuerungseinheit 100 ist mit einem Auslöseknopf 101 verbunden, der einen Spülvorgang auslöst. Weiterhin ist die elektronische Steuerungseinheit 100 mittels elektrischer Leitungen mit elektromagnetischen Pneumatikventilen verbunden, welche einzeln ansteuerbar sind zur Erzeugung von einem Unterdruck im Zwischenbehälter 40, einem Überdruck im Zwischenbehälter 40 und einem Überdruck im Spülwasserzwischenbehälter 21.An
Weiterhin können mittels der elektronischen Steuerungseinheit 100 elektromagnetische Pneumatikventile angesteuert werden, die einen Überdruck oder Unterdruck auf einen Zwischenraum des Einlassventils 30 und ein Zwischenraum des Auslassventils 50 aufbringen, um das Einlassventil zu schließen bzw. zu öffnen und das Auslassventil zu schließen bzw. zu öffnen.Furthermore, by means of the
In dem in
In
In einem in
Nach diesem Vorgang ist der Spülvorgang in Form des Transports des Abwassers aus dem Toilettenbecken 10 in den Abwassertank 60 abgeschlossen und es muss ein geruchssicherer Verschlusszustand eingestellt werden.After this operation, the rinsing operation in the form of transporting the waste water from the
Claims (14)
- A vacuum toilet, comprising:- a toilet bowl (10) with a bowl outlet opening,- an intermediate tank (40) with an intermediate tank inlet opening (41), an intermediate tank outlet opening (42) and a connection for the control air pipe,- a first flow path through a first outlet pipe which connects the bowl outlet opening to the intermediate tank inlet opening (41) of the intermediate tank,- an inlet valve (30) which opens the first flow path in the open position and which closes it in the closed position,- a wastewater tank (60) with a wastewater tank inlet opening which is connected to the intermediate tank outlet opening via a second outlet pipe by means of a second flow path,- an outlet valve (50) which opens the second flow path in an open position and which closes it in a closed position,- a control unit (100) configured to carry out a flushing operation in which,▪ in a first flushing step, underpressure is generated in the intermediate tank (40) via the connection for the control air pipe and, after underpressure has been generated in the intermediate tank (40), the inlet valve (30) is switched from the closed position to the open position,▪ in a subsequent second flushing step, the inlet valve (30) is closed,▪ in a subsequent third flushing operation, overpressure is generated in the intermediate tank (40) and, after overpressure has been generated in the intermediate tank (40), the outlet valve (50) is switched from the closed position to the open position,characterised in that
the control unit (100) is configured, in a first closure mode, to keep the inlet valve (40) closed and the outlet valve (50) open after the third flushing step,- to keep the inlet valve (30) open and the outlet valve (50) closed, in a second closure mode, and- to alternatingly set the first and the second closure mode within a series of several successive flushing operations. - The vacuum toilet according to claim 1,
characterised in that the control unit (100) is configured to set the first closure mode after each N-1st flushing operation and the second closure mode after the N-th flushing operation, where N is a number between 2 and 50 and/or
in that the control unit (100) is configured to set the second closure mode after each M-1st flushing operation and to set the first closure mode after the M-th flushing operation, where M is a number between 2 and 50, and/or in that the control unit (100) is configured to switch from the first to the second closure mode after a predetermined interval has elapsed, and to switch back from the second into the first closure mode after a further predetermined second interval which is preferably identical to the first interval. - The vacuum toilet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a flush water container (20) and a flush water pipe (22) connected to the flush water container which opens into the toilet bowl (10), wherein the control unit (100) is configured to meter, after the third flushing operation, a volume of flush water which is dispensed into the toilet bowl (10) via the flush water pipe (22), wherein the flush water volume in the second closure mode is preferably greater than in the first closure mode.
- The vacuum toilet according to claim 3,
characterised in that the control unit (100) is configured to meter, before the first flushing step, a volume of pre-flush water which is dispensed into the toilet bowl (10) via the flush water pipe (22). - The vacuum toilet according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the inlet valve (30) and/or the outlet valve (50) is a pinch valve, in which the closed position is produced by radially compressing a resilient hose portion and the open position is produced by the resilient hose portion elastically regaining its original shape.
- The vacuum toilet according to claim 5,
characterised in that the hose portion is surrounded by a valve housing which forms a cavity between the valve housing and the hose portion, and the control unit (100) is configured to control a vacuum source connected to the cavity to produce a vacuum in the cavity for supporting the hose portion in returning from the closed position to the open position. - A method for automatically controlling, by means of a control unit (100), a vacuum toilet comprising a toilet bowl (10) with a bowl outlet opening (11), said method comprising the following steps of a flushing operation sequentially controlled by the control unit (100):- applying a vacuum to an intermediate tank (40),- opening an inlet valve (30) in a flow path between the toilet bowl outlet opening (11) and an intermediate tank inlet opening,- closing the inlet valve (30)- applying overpressure to the intermediate tank (40),- opening an outlet valve (50) in a flow path between an intermediate tank outlet opening (42) and a wastewater tank inlet opening,characterised by the following steps being carried out after the flushing operation: alternatingly setting a first and a second closure mode within a series of several successive flushing operations, wherein- in the first closure mode, the inlet valve (30) is closed and the outlet valve (50) is open, and- in the second closure mode, the inlet valve (30) is open and the outlet valve (50) is closed.
- The method according to claim 7,
characterised in that the first closure mode is set after N-1 flushing operations, and the second closure mode is set after the N-th flushing operation, where N is a number between 2 and 50 and/or
in that the second closure mode is set after each M-1st flushing operation, and the first closure mode is set after the M-th flushing operation, where M is a number between 2 and 50 and/or in that a switch is made between the first and the second closure mode after a predetermined interval has elapsed. - The method according to any one of the preceding claims 7 or 8,
characterised in that, after the flushing operation, a volume of flush water is dispensed into the toilet bowl (10) and is preferably metered such that the flush water volume in the second closure mode is greater than in the first closure mode. - The method according to claim 9,
characterised in that a volume of pre-flush water is dispensed into the toilet bowl (10) before the first flushing operation. - The method according to any one of the preceding claims 7 to 10,
characterised in that the inlet valve (30) and/or the outlet valve (50) is closed by radially compressing a resilient hose portion and is opened by the resilient hose elastically regaining its original shape. - The method according to claim 11,
characterised in that the process of opening the inlet valve (30) and/or the outlet valve (50) is supported by applying a vacuum in a cavity between a valve housing and the hose portion. - A control unit for controlling a flushing operation of a vacuum toilet, the control unit (100) being configured- to generate underpressure in the intermediate tank (40) via the connection for the control air pipe, in a first flushing step, and, after underpressure has been generated in the intermediate tank (40), to switch an inlet valve (30) arranged in the flow path between a toilet bowl (10) and the intermediate tank (40) from the closed position to the open position,- to close the inlet valve (30) in a subsequent second flushing step,- to generate overpressure in the intermediate tank (40) in a subsequent third flushing step and, after overpressure has been generated in the intermediate tank (40), to switch an outlet valve (50) arranged in the flow path between the intermediate tank (40) and a wastewater tank (60) from the closed position to the open position,characterised in that
the control unit (100) is configured to keep, in a first closure mode, the inlet valve (30) closed and the outlet valve (50) open after the third flushing step,- to keep the inlet valve (30) open and the outlet valve (50) closed, in a second closure mode, and- to alternatingly set the first and the second closure mode within a series of several successive flushing operations. - The control unit according to claim 13,
characterised in that the control unit (100) is developed according to the features of the control unit of any one of claims 2 to 6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL14771873T PL3047077T3 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2014-09-22 | Vacuum toilet with alternating pinch-valve closure |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202013008298.4U DE202013008298U1 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2013-09-20 | Vacuum toilet with alternating squeeze valve closing |
| PCT/EP2014/070098 WO2015040207A1 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2014-09-22 | Vacuum toilet with alternating pinch-valve closure |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3047077A1 EP3047077A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
| EP3047077B1 true EP3047077B1 (en) | 2018-08-15 |
Family
ID=51589305
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP14771873.8A Active EP3047077B1 (en) | 2013-09-20 | 2014-09-22 | Vacuum toilet with alternating pinch-valve closure |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3047077B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN105556042B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE202013008298U1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK3047077T3 (en) |
| EA (1) | EA029824B1 (en) |
| PL (1) | PL3047077T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2015040207A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022106135A1 (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-27 | Trainvac GmbH | Vacuum toilet |
| NL2032307B1 (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-06 | Univ Hangzhou Dianzi | Purely-mechanical, non-electronic control, and single-body vacuum toilet system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE102015200243A1 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2016-07-14 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Trap device |
| CN104943624A (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-09-30 | 马蕾 | Civilianized vacuum toilet wastewater collector |
| DE102015214636A1 (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Commissioning and decommissioning of a toilet system |
| CN106005426A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | Airplane toilet vacuumizing system |
| CN106740941B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2019-06-07 | 山东中车华腾环保科技有限公司 | A kind of positive pressure sub-pressure conversion device and method |
| DE102018006919A1 (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft | Vacuum sewage device, method and electronic control unit for controlling a vacuum sewage device |
| DE102019007946A1 (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-05-20 | ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co Kommanditgesellschaft | Vacuum sewer device and process |
| DE102022208454A1 (en) | 2022-08-15 | 2024-02-15 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Steamer arrangement |
| DE202022104912U1 (en) | 2022-08-31 | 2023-12-04 | Trainvac GmbH | Vacuum toilet as well as valve and control unit for a vacuum toilet |
| DE202024101076U1 (en) | 2024-03-05 | 2024-03-22 | Deutsche Bahn Aktiengesellschaft | Toilet facilities |
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| CN1090269C (en) * | 1995-12-08 | 2002-09-04 | 奥拉夫·霍塞思 | Valve for vacuum drainage systems |
| RU2267582C2 (en) * | 2001-01-26 | 2006-01-10 | Геберит Техник АГ | Toilet system including lavatory pan |
| FI110536B (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2003-02-14 | Evac Int Oy | Process for transporting waste material in a vacuum sewer system |
| EP1511904B1 (en) * | 2002-06-10 | 2006-10-11 | Geberit Technik Ag | Toilet system and method for operating such a toilet system |
| DE102004031460A1 (en) * | 2004-06-30 | 2006-01-26 | Evac Gmbh | Vacuum toilet and method for operating a vacuum toilet |
| DE102004042147A1 (en) * | 2004-08-31 | 2006-03-02 | AOA Luftfahrtgeräte Gauting GmbH | Toilet arrangement for use in e.g. railway vehicle, has bowl and intermediate chamber integrally accommodated in sewage water tank, and integral unit assigned to chamber for evacuation of chamber and for producing high pressure in chamber |
| CN101156009B (en) * | 2005-04-12 | 2013-03-27 | 艾安·德拉库普·多伊格 | Improvements in valves and pumps |
| DE102008007748A1 (en) * | 2008-02-05 | 2009-08-06 | Evac Gmbh | Valve arrangement for gravitational liquid discharge with the overpressure and underpressure phase |
| DE202009010176U1 (en) * | 2009-07-27 | 2009-12-03 | Evac Gmbh | Vacuum toilet and control unit for controlling an operation of a vacuum toilet |
| SG10201503375UA (en) * | 2010-05-04 | 2015-06-29 | Agency Science Tech & Res | Reagent fluid dispensing device, and method of dispensing a reagent fluid |
-
2013
- 2013-09-20 DE DE202013008298.4U patent/DE202013008298U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2014
- 2014-09-22 DK DK14771873.8T patent/DK3047077T3/en active
- 2014-09-22 EA EA201690620A patent/EA029824B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-09-22 EP EP14771873.8A patent/EP3047077B1/en active Active
- 2014-09-22 CN CN201480051750.XA patent/CN105556042B/en active Active
- 2014-09-22 PL PL14771873T patent/PL3047077T3/en unknown
- 2014-09-22 WO PCT/EP2014/070098 patent/WO2015040207A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| None * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2022106135A1 (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2022-05-27 | Trainvac GmbH | Vacuum toilet |
| NL2032307B1 (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-07-06 | Univ Hangzhou Dianzi | Purely-mechanical, non-electronic control, and single-body vacuum toilet system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE202013008298U1 (en) | 2014-12-22 |
| EA201690620A1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
| PL3047077T3 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
| EP3047077A1 (en) | 2016-07-27 |
| DK3047077T3 (en) | 2018-11-05 |
| EA029824B1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
| CN105556042B (en) | 2017-11-07 |
| CN105556042A (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| WO2015040207A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
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